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Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 37 Nr. 1 (1996): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege

A numerical method for solving diffusion problems on polyhedral meshes is presented. It is based on a finite volume approximation with the degrees of freedom located in the centers of computational cells. A numerical gradient is defined by a least-squares minimization for each cell, where we suggest a restricted form in the case of discontinuous diffusion coefficient. The flux balanced approximation is proposed without numerically computing the gradient itself at the faces of computational cells in order to find a normal diffusive flux. To apply the method for parallel computations with a 1-ring neighborhood, we use an iterative method to solve the obtained system of algebraic equations. Several numerical examples illustrate some advantages of the proposed method.

The first round of the discussion is on Paul Tillich’s famous method of correlation. This method implies that the theological answers are connected with the philosophically-existentialist questions humans ask (rather than being unconnected as in Barthianism). Wessel Stoker worries that this method may privilege Christianity and a particular concept of God over other (quasi-)religions and other concepts in unwarranted ways. Dirk-Martin Grube considers those worries unfounded, given the function Tillich ascribes to this method. In the second round, Stoker insists that the method of correlation is ontologically more heavily loaded than Grube suggests and connects this method with the (religious) a priori. In his response, Grube suggests that Tillich’s a priori has different functions than Stoker assumes.

Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieses Aufsatzes werden einige der Strategien, mit deren Hilfe Atheisten unverdiente Privilegien für ihre Position reklamieren, analysiert. Insbesondere wird dabei auf den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Evidentialismus und der Vorstellung eingegangen, dass der Atheismus die natürliche Ausgangsposition ist („presumption of atheism“, Anthony Flew). Zudem wird untersucht, inwiefern die Ausschaltung des Agnostizismus als dritte Option zwischen Theismus und Atheismus zur diskursiven Privilegierung des Atheismus beiträgt (bei Paul Cliteur). Im zweiten Teil wird der Evidentialismus als kontextabhängige Begründungstheorie rekonstruiert und das (A)theismusproblem im Handlungs- statt im Erkenntniskontext situiert. Dadurch werden einseitige Verteilungen der Begründunglast vermieden, vor allem der atheistische Versuch, der Theistin die volle Begründungslast aufzubürden und gleichzeitig den Atheisten von allen Begründungslasten zu befreien. Dadurch kann der Diskurs um das (A)theismusproblem ohne die Zuschreibung unverdienter Privilegien rekonstruiert werden.

Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Sächsischen Landeskuratoriums Ländlicher Raum e.V. und des Evangelischen Zentrums Ländlicher Raum – Heimvolkshochschule Kohren-Sahlis

The installation of sand screens in wells can fail in one of two ways: by causing an unacceptable high pressure drop in the near wellbore area or by losing the ability to retain particles. Four mechanisms can lead to a failure: plugging, corrosion, erosion and mechanical deformation. To increase the lifetime under erosive conditions, a coating for wire wrapped screens was developed and tested. Erosion occurs, when formation particles hit the screen surface with high velocities or by continuous production of fines through the screen openings. The screen openings must keep a specified size in order to control the formation sand or gravel pack. If the opening size increases due to erosion, more particles are produced and erosion increases. A newly developed coating is put on the outside (i.e. facing the formation) of standard wire wrapped screens to make the slots resistant against erosion. The coating consists of ceramic or hard metal and is applied by plasma spraying. An extensive development and verification program was conducted to guarantee defined slot widths, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of coating and screen. A test facility was built to investigate the erosion resistance of sand screens. It consists of a flow loop to circulate a slurry of water and particles through 2″ coupons. Samples of standard wire wrapped, metal mesh and coated screens were tested. The tests were conducted with flow velocities of up to 18.5 m/s and particles of up to 100 micrometer for up to 60 h. The screens where compared under consideration of optical criteria, mass loss and functionality. The coated screens showed no sign of wear on the outside and kept their initial slot size. The slots of uncoated wire wrapped screens more than doubled in some places, when eroded under the same conditions. To test the functionality of the samples, sand retention tests were conducted before and after erosion. Since there were no changes in slot width, the coated screens show the same retention capabilities before and after erosion, while metal mesh screens that were eroded under the same conditions lost their ability to retain sand. The newly developed coating improves the resistance against erosion, is able to withstand corrosive well environments and has mechanical properties suitable to be safely installed in any well. Therefore the coating has the ability to improve the lifetime of screens under erosive conditions.

Seit der Krise des Fordismus befinden sich die gesellschaftlichen Einschluss- und Ausschlussverhaltnisse, die mit dem Wohlfahrtsstaat etabliert wurden, in einem rapiden Wandel. Wahrend es im Fordismus auf der Grundlage traditioneller Geschlechterrollen gelang, eine teilweise uber Klassengrenzen hinausgehende gesellschaftliche und nationalstaatliche Integration zu gewahrleisten, verandert sich diese Konstellation im Postfordismus. Gesellschaftliche Integration fragmentiert zunehmend und es kommt zu neuen Formen des Ausschlusses, aber auch zu neuen Formen der Integration.

In the first part, Dirk-Martin Grube follows Paul Tillich’s leads by suggesting that revelation consists primarily in knowledge of knowledge rather than knowledge of facts. Grube holds that the evidence for the resurrection is such that its historicity can neither be confirmed (against Henk van den Belt) nor denied. Rather, it should be considered to be logically undecidable. Different from Van den Belt, Grube follows Tillich by sympathizing with the independence model for relating religion to science. In the second part, Grube takes up the issue Rick Benjamins focusses on, subject philosophy. After delving into the different positions on the way in which Tillich has adopted this philosophy, Grube evaluates subject philosophy, partly deviating from Benjamins, partly agreeing with him.

Erschienen als Kohrener Schriften ; 3. - Wir haben unter dem Titel „Bausteine für Ortschronisten und Heimatforscher, Band II“ eine Reihe von Aufsätzen zusammengefasst, die in den vergangenen drei Jahren im Rahmen eines Projektes zur Unterstützung Ehrenamtlicher in der Heimatforschung entstanden sind. Sie gehen zurück auf Vorträge, die bei den Fachtagen in Kohren-Sahlis sowie bei Archivtagungen in Chemnitz und Dresden gehalten worden sind. Schon der erste gleichnamige Band, der 2017 erschien, erfreute sich außerordentlicher Beliebtheit, was uns ermutigte, die Reihe fortzusetzen. Dabei ist der Name programmatisch zu verstehen, denn wir können Heimatforschenden kein umfängliches Handbuch liefern, wohl aber einzelne Bausteine, aus denen man sich, die für die Arbeit geeigneten auswählen kann. Die Texte nehmen ganz praktische Fragestellungen der Heimatforschenden auf und verstehen sich als Werkzeuge und geben Anregungen für ihre weitere Arbeit. Dabei ist der Bogen weit gespannt und reicht von der Beschäftigung mit dem Pass- und Meldewesen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, über die Anleitung zurErstellung einer Häuserchronik bis zur Frage nach der historischen Aussagekraftvon Dachbodenfunden. All das spiegelt letztlich die Bandbreite derThemen, mit denen sich Heimatforschende auseinandersetzen.Ermöglicht wurde der vorliegende zweite Band der Bausteine letztlichdurch das Projekt zur „Unterstützung des freiwilligen Engagements in derHeimatforschung im ländlichen Raum Sachsens“, das seit 2017 beim SächsischenLandeskuratorium Ländlicher Raum e.V. angesiedelt ist.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Michael Wetzel: Das frühneuzeitliche Dorf als Gegenstand der Heimatforschung Lutz Vogel: „Papiere“ als moderne Herrschaftsinstrumente: Ein Streifzug durch die Geschichte des Passwesens Michael Wetzel: Wie erstelle ich eine Häuserchronik meines Ortes für die Frühe Neuzeit? Eine Handreichung für Heimatforscher Jens Kunze: Gerichtsbücher als wertvolle Quellen für die Heimatforschung Cornelia Neustadt und Sabine Zinsmeyer: Inschriften als landesgeschichtliche Quellen. Epigrafik für Heimatforschende Christian Meyer: Der Wandel des ländlichen Hausbaues in Sachsen – Eine Literaturempfehlung Meike Leyde: Vom Dachbodenfund zum Museumsobjekt. Zum Umgang mit historischen Alltagsgegenständen Jan Graupner: Die Wahrung von Persönlichkeitsrechten in Ortschroniken Autorinnen und Autoren in diesem Band Impressum

This paper argues that, historically, Christianity emerges out of Judaism by way of a paradigm shift in Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the word and that this emergence has normative consequences regarding the legitimacy of Christianity. Paradigm shifts are characterized by observational anomalies (e.g. Röntgen rays) triggering particular kinds of theoretical modifications, e.g. meaning-changes of key terms, leading to a coherent re-disclosure of reality. The first Christians underwent such a paradigm shift: The anomalous experience that the dead Jesus has risen triggered theoretical modifications–the term ‘Messiah’ underwent a meaning-change–so that reality could be coherently re-disclosed as eschatological reality. If Christianity emerges by way of a paradigm shift, this shift should be the foundation of Christological theorizing: Rather than basing Christology on what the ‘historical Jesus’ did or said, the reconstruction of Jesus as the Christ in the context of this shift is foundational for Christology (in line with Rudolf Bultmann). The resurrection is crucial not as a historical fact but as an anomaly in this sense. Since they acquired their beliefs via a paradigm; shift, the first Christians were entitled to their ways of reading the Jewish Scriptures without, however, the Jews being disentitled to their ways.

In this article, I analyze the German-speaking discussion on the discipline of Intercultural Theology. Among others, I criticize Schmidt-Leukel’s suggestion to define it as interreligious theology. This definition being somewhat arbitrary, I suggest reconstructing it under the parameters of philosophical and cultural insights that acknowledge the historicity of thinking and the ethnocentricity of justification. This move allows to allows “transmission-centered approaches” to be replaced by “context-sensitive” ones that honor the subject status of the Christian Other.

Around Denmark, Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima are particularly common macroalgae species and are considered as prospective candidates for biorefineries. In this study, the carbohydrate composition and protein levels of L. digitata and S. latissima from three different sites in Denmark were compared for 1 year, and compositional variations of wild L. digitata harvested in August from the North Sea was monitored for 3 years. Glucan levels of L. digitata were consistently higher than those of S. latissima irrespective of harvest site and time of the year. Glucan levels in wild L. digitata from Kattegat peaked in October with 37.0% by dry weight compared to 22.6% by dry weight in wild S. latissima (Kattegat) and were accompanied by lower ash contents (18.5% w/w in L. digitata versus 26.5% w/w inS. latissima). Alginate contents were almost constant throughout the year, but mannuronic/glucuronic acid ratios differed between species and location from 1.33 to 3.64. Wild L. digitata harvested from the North Sea in August contained >50% glucans by weight and had low ash contents for three consecutive years (2012–2014). Compositional variation of the seaweeds was mainly related to season but also varied with species, location, and within populations. Among environmental variables (temperature, salinity, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia), only temperature was found to correlate with the chemical composition of the seaweeds. Amino acid profiles were dominated by glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine and varied with season, especially for L. digitata from the North Sea, and location. Total nitrogen contents fluctuated more between samples than the actual protein contents; hence, application of a common N-to-protein factor cannot be recommended.

This chapter distinguishes respecting religious Otherness as Otherness from exclusivism and religious pluralism: The exclusivist fails to respect the religious Other, pluralists (e.g., John Hick) fail to respect the Otherness of the religious Other (rather, they regard it to be sameness in disguise). The kind of interreligious dialogue implied in respecting religious Otherness differs from the kind implied in exclusivism and pluralism: The exclusivist does not engage in a serious dialogue since she possesses the truth and the religious Other does not, the pluralist is interested only in the commonalities with the religious Other. Different from that, respecting religious Otherness as Otherness implies a “robust interreligious dialogue” in which believers mirror their own religion in light of the other religion and learn from each other.In order to get such a dialogue off the ground, we should abandon the principle of bivalence in the religious realm. Rather than considering religious beliefs which differ from our own to be false, we should acknowledge that the person holding them could be justified to do so (although we continue disagreeing with her). Abandoning bivalent truth in favour of the concept of justification is the heart of the “justified religious difference approach” recommended in this chapter. It makes a robust interreligious dialogue, differing from the kind of dialogues implied in exclusivism and pluralism, possible.