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1. Icy ocean worlds - astrobiology research in Germany

Author

Fabian Klenner, Mickael Baqué, Kristina Beblo-Vranesevic, Janine Bönigk, Marc S. Boxberg, Bernd Dachwald, Ilya Digel, Andreas Elsaesser, Clemens Espe, Oliver Funke, Ernst Hauber, Dirk Heinen, Florence Hofmann, Lucía Hortal Sánchez, Nozair Khawaja, Maryse Napoleoni, Ana-Catalina Plesa, Frank Postberg, Autun Purser, Tina Rückriemen-Bez, Susanne Schröder, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Stephan Ulamec, and Jean-Pierre Paul de Vera

Subjects
subsurface oceans, space missions, habitability, icy moons, solar system exploration, Deutsche Astrobiologische Gesellschaft (DAbG), Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Icy bodies with subsurface oceans are a prime target for astrobiology investigations, with an increasing number of scientists participating in the planning, development, and realization of space missions to these worlds. Within Germany, the Ocean Worlds and Icy Moons working group of the German Astrobiology Society provides an invaluable platform for scientists and engineers from universities and other organizations with a passion for icy ocean worlds to share knowledge and start collaborations. We here present an overview about astrobiology research activities related to icy ocean worlds conducted either in Germany or in strong collaboration with scientists in Germany. With recent developments, Germany offers itself as a partner to contribute to icy ocean world missions.

Published
2024
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2. Melting trajectory of the asymmetrically-heated conical thermal head for ice-melting probes

Author

Yuting Ye, Simon Zierke, Bing Li, Dirk Heinen, Yazhou Li, Christopher Wiebusch, Stefan Kaiser, Youhong Sun, and Xiaopeng Fan

Subjects
Ice melting probe, Close-contact melting, Melting trajectory, Asymmetric melting, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The development of ice-melting probes is driven by the scientific need to explore the subglacial aquatic environments, such as the subglacial lakes in Antarctica and subglacial water on some extraterrestrial planets. However, during the downward melting, a deviation of the melting trajectory might occur. If left unaddressed, the accumulated deviation will eventually lead to missing the probe's target. Therefore, it is necessary to build a theoretical model to describe the deviation for predicting the future melting trajectory and building the deviation correction system. The deviation comes from any asymmetric heating condition on the melting head. Generally, the Close-Contact Melting (CCM) theory is used to model the probe's melting process without any deviation, and there is only one attempt so far that applies the CCM theory to asymmetric heating conditions. Based on this initial attempt, we successfully expanded the CCM theory with asymmetric temperature profiles to conical thermal heads. Additionally, we simplified the model solving which leads to fewer influence factors compared to existing studies. The model indicates that the melting trajectory of a conical head is linear under asymmetric heating conditions, and the inclination angle of the trajectory is related to the ratio between the head's temperatures on each side and the head's cone angle. To validate the theoretical results, laboratory experiments have also been conducted with an innovative optical positioning method.

Published
2024
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3. The Autonomous Pinger Unit of the Acoustic Navigation Network in EnEx-RANGE: an autonomous in-ice melting probe with acoustic instrumentation

Author

Lars Steffen Weinstock, Simon Zierke, Dmitry Eliseev, Peter Linder, Cornelius Vollbrecht, Dirk Heinen, and Christopher Wiebusch

Subjects
Extraterrestrial glaciology, glacial geology, glaciological instruments and methods, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

The Autonomous Pinger Unit (APU) is an electro-thermal drill with acoustic instrumentation developed for the project EnEx-RANGE in view of a future space mission for the sub-surface exploration of Saturn's moon Enceladus. A main goal is the development of navigation technology for an acoustic guidance system allowing maneuvering a probe through glacial ice. In total 13 APUs were built and tested in terrestrial analog scenarios on alpine glaciers. The APUs form a spatially distributed network that defines a system of reference for the navigation of the maneuverable probe to a point of interest. The APUs have a novel melting head, slow control systems, and a modern system-on-chip (SoC) module that controls the probe and processes the recorded data. The APUs use acoustic emitters and receivers to measure the transit time of acoustic signals between them, allowing for the position reconstruction of all APUs by trilateration. Several auxiliary sensors monitor the internal state of the probe and assist the position estimation. With this instrumentation, the APUs have the ability of dynamically optimizing themselves within the network by changing their position. This paper gives an overview of the developed APU hardware and presents performance results from the field tests.

Published
2021
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4. An efficient melting probe for glacial research

Author

Dirk Heinen, Peter Linder, Simon Zierke, and Christopher Wiebusch

Subjects
Glaciological instruments and methods, ice engineering, ice shelves, mountain glaciers, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

In this paper, we present an electric-thermal drill with a novel design of a melting head that was developed within the EnEx-RANGE project. The design combines a short melting head with a large surface area of parabolic shape. It was succesfully tested in the laboratory as well as on Alpine glaciers (Langenferner and Mittelbergferner) and at the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. In all these different environments, a high melting speed per specific power of typically 8.8 cm3 w−1 h−1 is achieved that is close to the ideal maximum bound of ~10.5–11.8 cm3 w−1 h−1 when neglecting all heat losses. It has also been demonstrated that the melting probe can be operated with typical equipment of small-scale field camps including a small power generator.

Published
2021
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5. Hybrid concept for a forefield reconnaissance system for melting probes capable of moving through terrestrial and extraterrestrial cryospheres

Author

Fabian Becker, Michael Stelzig, Jan Audehm, Niklas Haberberger, Dirk Heinen, Simon Zierke, Klaus Helbing, Christopher Wiebusch, Martin Vossiek, and Georg Böck

Abstract

The most promising places for the development of extraterrestrial life are the ocean worlds of our Solar system such as the icy moons Europa or Enceladus and their subglacial oceans. Space mission concepts are being developed to explore the moons’ chemical composition, investigate their habitability, and search for biosignatures.The TRIPLE Project, initiated by the German Space Agency at DLR, involves the development of technologies for rapid ice penetration and subglacial lake exploration. It consists of three components: (i) a melting probe that travels safely through the ice and carries (ii) an autonomous nano-scale underwater vehicle that explores the ocean and takes samples to be delivered to (iii) an astrobiological laboratory. The entire system will be tested in an analogue scenario in Antarctica as a demonstration for a future space mission. To ensure the success of the test, a retrievable melting probe is needed that can safely penetrate several kilometers of ice. The melting probe should also be able to detect the transition between the ice and the water body to stop at this boundary. The Forefield Reconnaissance System (FRS) for such a melting probe developed in the project TRIPLE-FRS combines radar and sonar techniques to benefit from both sensor principles inside the ice. The radar antennas as well as a piezoelectric acoustic transducer will be directly integrated into the melting head. This integration into the head should leave the melting capability of the melting probe as unaffected as possible. An in-situ permittivity sensor will also be developed to account for the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, which is dependent on the surrounding ice structure. The goal of this system is to detect obstacles or other interference bodies to guarantee a safe transition through the ice. Damage-free melting must be secured to allow all other scientific exploration. In order to prove the functionality and performance of the system, several field tests on alpine glaciers are performed during the project. In this contribution, we describe the main ideas behind the system and show how it could serve as a baseline design for the future development of space missions to ocean worlds like Europa.

Published
2023

6. The TRIPLE project – Towards technology solutions for life detection missions

Author

Dirk Heinen

Abstract

The exploration of ocean worlds in the outer Solar System, for example, the Jovian moon Europa and the Saturnian moon Enceladus, are of particular interest for the search for extraterrestrial life. Direct in situ exploration of moons harbouring significant amounts of liquid water beneath their ice surface poses many challenges and requires a sophisticated technological approach. The TRIPLE project (Technologies for Rapid Ice Penetration and Subglacial Lake Exploration) initiated by the German Space Agency at DLR forms a national consortium to work on robotic technologies for sub-ice exploration. The planned system consists of the fully autonomous, untethered miniature submersible robot, called nanoAUV, the IceCraft, a melting probe for penetrating the ice with the nanoAUV as payload, and an astrobiology in-situ laboratory, the AstroBioLab, to study fluid and sediment samples.Beneath a several kilometre-thick ice-shell of the moons considered here, global oceans are well hidden and not easily accessible, posing extreme challenges for any robotic exploration as it is addressed in the TRIPLE project. Therefore, ice drilling and state-of-the-art technologies need to be developed to meet the manifold requirements. In view of future missions to icy moons, in TRIPLE, an analogue terrestrial demonstration is intended for first time exploration of a subglacial lake at the Dome-C region in Antarctica. The Dome-C mission requires a retrievable melting probe that can penetrate a 4-kilometre-thick layer of ice. It is essential for the mission that the melting probe is able to detect and avoid obstacles along its trajectory and to anchor itself at the ice-water interface for release and support of the nanoAUV into the water. The AstroBioLab concept provides an automated sample analysis laboratory for habitability investigations. It shall not only be able to detect various biosignatures in samples taken from the subglacial habitats, but shall also provide unequivocal evidence of life. For the field test in a terrestrial analogue setting, portable and robust devices using fast analysis methods are particularly suitable, which, as far as possible, should not require time-consuming sample preparation. In this contribution, we give an overview of the TRIPLE project and report on its current status.

Published
2023

7. An efficient melting probe for glacial research

Author

Simon Zierke, Christopher Wiebusch, Dirk Heinen, and Peter Linder

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drill, Mineralogy, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, Power (physics), Generator (circuit theory), 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Head (vessel), Glacial period, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Power density
Abstract

Annals of Glaciology 62(84), 171-174 (2021). doi:10.1017/aog.2020.28, Published by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Published
2020

8. Validation of sampling antarctic subglacial hypersaline waters with an electrothermal ice melting probe (IceMole) for environmental analytical geochemistry

Author

Julia Kowalski, Bernd Dachwald, C. Espe, M. Feldmann, Susan A. Welch, Laura A. German, Jill A. Mikucki, Anthony Lutton, G. Francke, W. Berry Lyons, A Welch Kathleen, and Dirk Heinen

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010401 analytical chemistry, IceMole, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Sampling (statistics), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Environmental geochemistry, Ice melting, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Waste Management and Disposal, Volume concentration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Geochemical characterisation of hypersaline waters is difficult as high concentrations of salts hinder the analysis of constituents at low concentrations, such as trace metals, and the collection o...

Published
2019

10. Melting and forefield reconnaissance technologies within TRIPLE - accessing subglacial water reservoirs for future missions to Ocean Worlds

Author

Pia Friend, Fabian Becker, Simon Zierke, Lutz Deriks, C. Espe, Lars Schickendanz, M. Feldmann, K. Helbing, Martin Vossiek, Jan Audehm, G. Francke, Michael Stelzig, Ben Burgman, Niklas Haberberger, Dirk Heinen, Chi Thanh Nghe, Georg Böck, and Christopher Wiebusch

Subjects
Earth science, Geology
Abstract

Recent measurements suggest the Jovian satellite Europa as one of the most promising places to host extraterrestrial life in the Solar System. In a global ocean, well hidden by a thick layer of ice, this moon supposedly contains more than twice as much liquid water than Earth. Many currently discussed space missions therefore aim to explore Europa’s chemical composition or investigate its habitability and even search for biosignatures.The TRIPLE Project, initiated by the DLR Space Administration, comprises the development of Technologies for Rapid Ice Penetration and subglacial Lake Exploration and consists of three distinct components: (i) a melting probe, that travels through the ice and carries (ii) an autonomous nano-scale underwater vehicle (nanoAUV) that explores the ocean and takes samples to be delivered to (iii) an astrobiological laboratory. The full system should be tested in a terrestrial analog scenario in Antarctica in approximately five years as a demonstration for a future space mission. For a successful test we need a retrievable melting probe capable of penetrating several kilometres of ice while avoiding obstacles and navigating around them. It has to be able to stop and dwell at the ice-water boundary, before returning back to the surface.This contribution focuses on TRIPLE-IceCraft and TRIPLE-FRS in which key technologies of such a melting probe are developed. The TRIPLE-IceCraft melting probe is designed as a modular transfer system to transport standardised payloads through ice sheets of several hundred meters of thickness and penetrate into a subglacial water reservoir. Possible payloads are e.g. the nanoAUV or in-situ analysis devices for water samples such as a fluorescence spectrometer. The melting probe will be demonstrated at the Ekström shelf ice in Antarctica at the end of the project. The forefield reconnaissance system developed in TRIPLE-FRS combines radar and sonar techniques to benefit from both sensor principles inside ice. The radar antennas together with a specialized pulse amplifier as well as a piezoelectric acoustic transducer will directly be integrated into the melting head. To account for the respective propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, which is dependent on the surrounding ice structure, an in-situ permittivity sensor will additionally be developed. With this system, obstacles as well as the ice-water interface at the bottom of the icy layer could be detected. In order to prove the functionality and the performance of the system, several field tests on alpine glaciers will be performed during the project.The successful demonstration of the described subsystems and key technologies represents a first milestone in the TRIPLE project line which will serve as a baseline design for the future development of space missions to Ocean Worlds as e.g. Europa.

Published
2021

11. The Autonomous Pinger Unit of the Acoustic Navigation Network in EnEx-RANGE : an autonomous in-ice melting probe with acoustic instrumentation

Author

Peter Linder, Dirk Heinen, Lars Steffen Weinstock, Cornelius Vollbrecht, Christopher Wiebusch, Dmitry Eliseev, and Simon Zierke

Subjects
Exploration of Saturn, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Point of interest, business.industry, 01 natural sciences, Position (vector), Control system, Range (aeronautics), 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Instrumentation (computer programming), Aerospace engineering, Guidance system, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Trilateration, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Annals of Glaciology 62(84), 89-98 (2021). doi:10.1017/aog.2020.67, Published by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Published
2021
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12. Erratum to: Search for non-relativistic magnetic monopoles with IceCube

Author

M. J. Larson, A. Olivas, M. Stamatikos, K. Mase, F. Huang, M. Quinnan, J. Blumenthal, L. Schulte, Olga Botner, V. Baum, L. Classen, A. Goldschmidt, M. W. E. Smith, J. A. Aguilar, K. Rawlins, J. Kiryluk, H. Landsman, James Madsen, L. Brayeur, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, S. Flis, M. N. Tobin, O. Schulz, D. Z. Besson, Ch. Weaver, J. van Santen, A. Franckowiak, René Reimann, R. Nahnhauer, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Teresa Montaruli, P. Gretskov, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, K. Krings, Oscar Macias, N. van Eijndhoven, C. Haack, J. C. Gallagher, A. O'Murchadha, M. Leuermann, L. Mohrmann, Surujhdeo Seunarine, J. Miller, Gary Binder, Axel Groß, Chad Finley, Nathan Whitehorn, Gerald Przybylski, M. Zoll, Allan Hallgren, S. Hussain, A. Kriesten, D. R. Nygren, J. P. A. M. de André, D. J. Koskinen, Takao Kuwabara, B. Christy, Sandro Kopper, Carlos Arguelles, M. Schmitz, J. Auffenberg, Seth M. Cohen, K. Jero, A. Ishihara, G. Kroll, T. Stanev, D. Berley, Matthias Wolf, G. C. Hill, J. C. Groh, A. Obertacke, Michael J. Baker, Maria Tselengidou, O. Jlelati, J. Feintzeig, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, S. Tilav, L. Rädel, R. Ström, Carsten Rott, M. Richman, A. Tamburro, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, Javier Gonzalez, E. A. Strahler, M. Krasberg, M. Bissok, M. Vehring, A. Homeier, K.-H. Becker, Giorgio Maggi, N. Milke, C. Ha, R. Hellauer, E. Jacobi, George Japaridze, Timo Karg, Matt Dunkman, Xianwu Xu, T. Feusels, C. De Clercq, C. Bohm, Christopher Wiebusch, C. Kopper, G. Golup, T. Fischer-Wasels, Hermann Kolanoski, J. Daughhetee, A. Schukraft, S. Böser, David A. Williams, M. Casier, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, J. Ziemann, S. Yoshida, C. Pérez de los Heros, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, Dirk Ryckbosch, Sally Robertson, L. Gerhardt, J. Lünemann, J. L. Kelley, Markus Ahlers, S. Euler, Thomas Meures, J. Leute, G. Tešić, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, R. C. Bay, Elisa Resconi, E. Unger, P. B. Price, Rezo Shanidze, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, B. Ruzybayev, H.-P. Bretz, M. Merck, N. L. Strotjohann, T. O. B. Schmidt, Kael Hanson, T. R. Wood, Frank McNally, Kurt Woschnagg, A. Christov, Albrecht Karle, T. Fuchs, Paul Evenson, C. Wendt, M. Day, A. Schönwald, Anatoli Fedynitch, D. Altmann, K. Wiebe, K. Meagher, Dmitry Chirkin, R. Hoffmann, Alexander Kappes, K. D. de Vries, R. Morse, C. Walck, R. Eagan, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Carl Pfendner, Paolo Desiati, E. Pinat, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, D. T. Grandmont, J. Becker Tjus, J. P. Rodrigues, Sofia Vallecorsa, B. J. Whelan, T. Stezelberger, Simona Toscano, K. Hoshina, S. M. Saba, Glenn Spiczak, B. Kaminsky, K. Clark, M. Kowalski, N. A. Stanisha, H. G. Sander, M. Danninger, D. F. Cowen, J. J. Beatty, Donglian Xu, S. Schoenen, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, J. Posselt, Thorsten Glusenkamp, W. Huelsnitz, A. Stößl, M. G. Aartsen, Reina H. Maruyama, Xinhua Bai, R. Bruijn, D. Heereman, Kirill Filimonov, K. Helbing, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, Kara Hoffman, A. H. Cruz Silva, Subir Sarkar, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, J. Kunnen, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, L. Köpke, J. A. Goodman, M. Wellons, Dariusz Gora, Joshua Pepper, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, M. Ribordy, Jenni Adams, S. Hickford, R. G. Stokstad, Dennis Soldin, H. Taavola, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, K. Jagielski, S. De Ridder, M. Labare, S. Coenders, A. Bernhard, M. Kauer, D. Bose, T. Palczewski, B. Eberhardt, A. Tepe, H. S. Matis, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, A. Haj Ismail, Matthias Vraeghe, M. Usner, C. Sheremata, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, S. Westerhoff, Björn Eichmann, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, Daniel Bindig, T. C. Arlen, Hans Niederhausen, Naoko Kurahashi, Christian Spiering, S. Schöneberg, S. Odrowski, S. Zierke, A. Omairat, P. Hallen, K. Hultqvist, Darren Grant, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, Sarah Nowicki, Rasha Abbasi, J. Casey, Tim Ruhe, Benedikt Riedel, A. Stasik, K. Frantzen, F. Clevermann, Y. Sestayo, J. P. Yanez, and G. W. Sullivan

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Mean free path, Nuclear Theory, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetic monopole, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, 01 natural sciences, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

In the analyses, published in Ref. [1], the exclusion limits are calculated in dependence of the mean free path of the magnetic monopole - nucleon catalysis interaction.

Published
2019

13. Attenuation of sound in glacier ice from 2 to 35 kHz

Author

Franziska Scholz, Alexander Meyer, Simon Zierke, Lars Steffen Weinstock, Dmitry Eliseev, Christopher Wiebusch, Dirk Heinen, and Peter Linder

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation, Attenuation length, Glacier, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), Geology, Sound wave, Sound (geography), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

The acoustic damping of sound waves in natural glaciers is a largely unexplored physical property that has relevance for various applications. We present measurements of the attenuation of sound in ice with a dedicated measurement setup in situ on the Italian glacier Langenferner from August 2017. The tested frequency ranges from 2 kHz to 35 kHz and probed distances between 5 m and 90 m. The attenuation length has been determined by two different methods including detailed investigations of systematic uncertainties. The attenuation length decreases with increasing frequencies. Observed values range between 13 m for low frequencies and 5 m for high frequencies. The presented results improve in accuracy with respect to previous measurements. However, the observed attenuation is found to be remarkably similar to observations at very different locations.

Published
2019

14. Das große Bankgeheimnis : Versuch einer Erklärung unseres Geldes

Author

Dirk Heinen and Dirk Heinen

Abstract

Was ist Geld und wie entsteht es? Was machen Banken, wenn sie Kredite vergeben und was ist mit einer Banklizenz möglich? Welche Verantwortung tragen Staaten, Zentral- und Geschäftsbanken für das Funktionieren einer Währung? Wer Antworten auf diese Fragen sucht und sich für die Mechanik unserer Geldsysteme interessiert, der kann im vorliegenden Buch sowohl etwas über Geldtheorie erfahren als auch mit vereinfachten Fallbeispielen die Zusammenhänge nachvollziehen.Am 08.08.1976 in München geboren. Lebt und arbeitet in München.

Published
2020

15. Navigation technology for exploration of glacier ice with maneuverable melting probes

Author

Kerstin Schill, D. Blandfort, Julia Kowalski, Jill A. Mikucki, Thomas Reineking, Simon Zierke, E. Plescher, C. Espe, Joachim Clemens, Ulf Bestmann, A. Szumski, Franziska Scholz, Bernd Eissfeller, Christoph Zetzsche, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Peter Linder, Bernd Dachwald, O. Funke, Dirk Heinen, Slawek Tulaczyk, S. Hiecker, S. Schöngarth, Roger Förstner, B. von Wulfen, Christopher Wiebusch, Sabine Macht, G. Francke, H. Niedermeier, Dmitry Eliseev, M. Feldmann, Gerhard M. Artmann, K. Schüller, G. Ameres, U. Naumann, R. Hoffmann, Ilya Digel, and K. Helbing

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, business.industry, IceMole, Navigation system, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Sensor fusion, 01 natural sciences, Extraterrestrial life, Obstacle, 0103 physical sciences, Obstacle avoidance, Trajectory, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Aerospace engineering, Enceladus, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Saturnian moon Enceladus with its extensive water bodies underneath a thick ice sheet cover is a potential candidate for extraterrestrial life. Direct exploration of such extraterrestrial aquatic ecosystems requires advanced access and sampling technologies with a high level of autonomy. A new technological approach has been developed as part of the collaborative research project Enceladus Explorer (EnEx). The concept is based upon a minimally invasive melting probe called the IceMole. The force-regulated, heater-controlled IceMole is able to travel along a curved trajectory as well as upwards. Hence, it allows maneuvers which may be necessary for obstacle avoidance or target selection. Maneuverability, however, necessitates a sophisticated on-board navigation system capable of autonomous operations. The development of such a navigational system has been the focal part of the EnEx project. The original IceMole has been further developed to include relative positioning based on in-ice attitude determination, acoustic positioning, ultrasonic obstacle and target detection integrated through a high-level sensor fusion. This paper describes the EnEx technology and discusses implications for an actual extraterrestrial mission concept.

Published
2016

16. Attenuation of Sound in Glacier Ice from 2 kHz to 35 kHz

Author

Alexander Meyer, Dmitry Eliseev, Dirk Heinen, Peter Linder, Franziska Scholz, Lars Steffen Weinstock, Christopher Wiebusch, and Simon Zierke

Abstract

The acoustic damping of sound waves in natural glaciers is a largely unexplored physical property that has relevance for various applications. We present measurements of the attenuation of sound in ice with a dedicated measurement setup in situ on the Italian glacier Langenferner. The tested frequency ranges from 2 kHz to 35 kHz and probed distances between 5 meter and 90 meter. The attenuation length has been determined by two different methods and detailed investigations of systematic uncertainties. The attenuation length decreases slowly with increasing frequencies. Observed values range between 13 meter for low frequencies and 5 meter for high frequencies.The here presented results strongly improve in accuracy with respect to previous measurements. However, quantitatively the found attenuation is remarkably similar to observations at very different locations.

Published
2018

17. Search for life in ice-covered oceans and lakes beyond Earth

Author

Christoph Waldmann, Jan-Jöran Gehrt, Frank Sohl, Dirk Heinen, Henry Strasdeit, Jean-Pierre de Vera, Marc Hildebrandt, Bernd Dachwald, Julia Kowalski, Hendrik Hanff, O. Funke, Sabine Macht, Sebastian Meckel, and Ulf Bestmann

Subjects
Liquid state, Extraterrestrial life, Context (language use), Earth (chemistry), Icy moon, Enceladus, Geology, Astrobiology
Abstract

The quest for life on other planets is closely connected with the search for water in liquid state. Recent discoveries of deep oceans on icy moons like Europa and Enceladus have spurred an intensive discussion about how these waters can be accessed. The challenge of this endeavor lies in the unforeseeable requirements on instrumental characteristics both with respect to the scientific and technical methods. The TRIPLE/nanoAUV initiative is aiming at developing a mission concept for exploring exo-oceans and demonstrating the achievements in an earth-analogue context, exploring the ocean under the ice shield of Antarctica and lakes like Dome-C on the Antarctic continent.

Published
2018

18. Searches for small-scale anisotropies from neutrino point sources with three years of IceCube data

Author

H.-P. Bretz, Frank McNally, Jenni Adams, P. B. Price, M. Stamatikos, S. Schoenen, T. O. B. Schmidt, N. Milke, George Japaridze, Thorsten Glusenkamp, T. R. Wood, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, K. Hoshina, W. Huelsnitz, S. Hickford, Glenn Spiczak, K. Helbing, R. G. Stokstad, J. C. Groh, C. Pérez de los Heros, Dmitry Chirkin, Matthias Vraeghe, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, A. Goldschmidt, Elisa Resconi, M. Schmitz, K. Jero, Matthias Wolf, Alexander Kappes, Björn Eichmann, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, A. Bernhard, E. Unger, B. Ruzybayev, Anatoli Fedynitch, A. Koob, Timo Karg, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, A. O'Murchadha, M. Wellons, Dariusz Gora, L. Schulte, M. Kroll, B. J. Whelan, K. D. de Vries, M. Day, A. Tepe, T. Feusels, R. Maunu, S. Hussain, O. Jlelati, R. Ström, Daniel Bindig, J. C. Gallagher, M. Leuermann, S. Zierke, A. Omairat, F. Bos, Allan Hallgren, M. Relich, D. J. Koskinen, K. Clark, M. Kowalski, Sandro Kopper, T. Kuwabara, J. E. Jacobsen, S. Tilav, P. Hallen, Marcos Santander, Joshua Pepper, A. Tamburro, K. Hultqvist, R. Nahnhauer, E. A. Strahler, M. Danninger, Darren Grant, K. Wiebe, R. Gaior, N. van Eijndhoven, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, C. Ha, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, Sarah Nowicki, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, L. Gerhardt, L. Mohrmann, J. Felde, Benedikt Riedel, A. Stasik, Maria Tselengidou, Ö. Penek, S. Schöneberg, X. Bai, A. Haj Ismail, Carsten Rott, Hermann Kolanoski, L. Rädel, Thomas Meures, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, C. Wendt, K. Rawlins, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, J. L. Kelley, Markus Ahlers, K.-H. Becker, M. Usner, N. L. Strotjohann, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, E. Middlemas, G. Kroll, M. Bissok, Matt Dunkman, Tyce DeYoung, J. Kiryluk, I. Rees, T. Fischer-Wasels, R. Hoffmann, A. R. Fazely, Gerald Przybylski, P. A. Toale, A. Schukraft, J. Pütz, James Madsen, M. Zoll, Martin Rongen, J. van Santen, J. A. Goodman, E. Pinat, D. T. Larsen, J. J. Beatty, E. Cheung, M. J. Larson, Xianwu Xu, Sofia Vallecorsa, M. Quinnan, C. Walck, R. Eagan, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, A. Kriesten, Dirk Ryckbosch, D. Hellwig, D. R. Nygren, S. Euler, C. Pfendner, Mike Richman, D. Z. Besson, K. Krings, J. P. A. M. de André, A. Homeier, Donglian Xu, A. Terliuk, S. Westerhoff, Ch. Weaver, Christopher Wiebusch, Hans Niederhausen, C. Bohm, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, M. N. Tobin, Kael Hanson, Nathan Whitehorn, Naoko Kurahashi, O. Schulz, J. Auffenberg, A. Olivas, J. Daughhetee, Gary Binder, Teresa Montaruli, A. Obertacke, A. Franckowiak, Axel Groß, Christian Spiering, K. Frantzen, K. Mase, S. Odrowski, J. Blumenthal, Javier Gonzalez, Subir Sarkar, J. Casey, Chad Finley, J. Posselt, Justin Vandenbroucke, J. Ziemann, P. Gretskov, C. Haack, A. Christov, Giorgio Maggi, C. De Clercq, F. Huang, S. Böser, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, Dennis Soldin, Joakim Sandroos, F. Clevermann, H. Taavola, Paolo Desiati, René Reimann, Y. Sestayo, Olga Botner, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, L. Classen, Carlos Arguelles, H. G. Sander, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, J. Becker Tjus, V. Baum, J. P. Yanez, G. Tešić, A. Stößl, J. P. Rodrigues, M. W. E. Smith, T. C. Arlen, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, G. W. Sullivan, R. Hellauer, K. Jagielski, Reina H. Maruyama, B. Kaminsky, R. Morse, M. Jurkovic, L. Brayeur, S. Yoshida, Sally Robertson, Tim Ruhe, E. Jacobi, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, S. Flis, M. Casier, J. Lünemann, S. De Ridder, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, Rezo Shanidze, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, M. Labare, J. Feintzeig, Maryon Ahrens, M. Medici, C. Kopper, G. Golup, S. Coenders, Surujhdeo Seunarine, J. Miller, Juanan Aguilar, B. Christy, A. Ishihara, J. Leute, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, H. S. Matis, Albrecht Karle, A. Schönwald, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, D. Heereman, M. Kauer, D. Gier, D. Bose, T. Palczewski, C. Wichary, B. Eberhardt, Delia Tosi, M. G. Aartsen, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, Kara Hoffman, A. H. Cruz Silva, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, N. A. Stanisha, T. Anderson, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, Kirill Filimonov, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, J. Kunnen, Damian Pieloth, Ali Kheirandish, A. M. Brown, T. Fuchs, L. Köpke, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
J.2, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Scale (descriptive set theory), Astrophysics, IceCube, law.invention, Telescope, law, Point (geometry), Anisotropy, astro-ph.HE, 2pt-correlation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysical neutrinos, Extraterrestrial neutrinos, Multipole analysis, Point sources, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3. Good health, 85-05, ddc:540, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Multipole expansion, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

Recently, IceCube found evidence for a diffuse signal of astrophysical neutrinos in an energy range of $60\,\mathrm{TeV}$ to the $\mathrm{PeV}$-scale. The origin of those events, being a key to understanding the origin of cosmic rays, is still an unsolved question. So far, analyses have not succeeded to resolve the diffuse signal into point-like sources. Searches including a maximum-likelihood-ratio test, based on the reconstructed directions and energies of the detected down- and up-going neutrino candidates, were also performed on IceCube data leading to the exclusion of bright point sources. In this paper, we present two methods to search for faint neutrino point sources in three years of IceCube data, taken between 2008 and 2011. The first method is an autocorrelation test, applied separately to the northern and southern sky. The second method is a multipole analysis, which expands the measured data in the northern hemisphere into spherical harmonics and uses the resulting expansion coefficients to separate signal from background. With both methods, the results are consistent with the background expectation with a slightly more sparse spatial distribution, corresponding to an underfluctuation. Depending on the assumed number of sources, the resulting upper limit on the flux per source in the northern hemisphere for an $E^{-2}$ energy spectrum ranges from $1.5 \cdot 10^{-8}\,\mathrm{GeV}/(\mathrm{cm}^2 \mathrm{s})$, in the case of one assumed source, to $4 \cdot 10^{-10} \,\mathrm{GeV}/(\mathrm{cm}^2 \mathrm{s})$, in the case of $3500$ assumed sources., Comment: 35 pages, 16 figures, 1 table

Published
2015

19. Development of an acoustic sensor for the future IceCube-Gen2 detector for neutrino detection and position calibration

Author

Lars Steffen Weinstock, Simon Zierke, Christopher Wiebusch, Peter Linder, Dmitry Eliseev, Dirk Heinen, Martin Rongen, Franziska Scholz, and Stefan Wickmann

Subjects
Frequency response, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Positioning system, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Acoustics, ice, pole, 01 natural sciences, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, IceCube, acoustic [geometry], 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, ddc:530, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electrical engineering, geometry: acoustic, calibration, pulsed, observatory, Neutrino detector, quality, acoustic [detector], Neutrino, business, detector: acoustic, Trilateration
Abstract

7th International Conference on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities (ARENA 2016) : Groningen, The Netherlands, June 7-10, 2016 / S. Buitink, J.R. Hörandel, S. de Jong, R. Lahmann, R. Nahnhauer and O. Scholten (eds.) 7th International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities, ARENA 2016, Groningen, Netherlands, 7 Jun 2016 - 10 Jun 2016; Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, The European physical journal. Web of Conferences, 135, 06003, 1-4 (2017). doi:10.1051/epjconf/201713506003, Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2017

20. EnEx-RANGE - Robust autonomous Acoustic Navigation in Glacial icE

Author

Franziska Scholz, Sabina Jeschke, Peter Linder, Lars Steffen Weinstock, Christopher Wiebusch, Dmitry Eliseev, Sebastian Schönitz, Simon Zierke, Dirk Heinen, Stefan Wickmann, Christoph Henke, and Sebastian Reuter

Subjects
Physics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phased array, QC1-999, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, Sampling (signal processing), Position (vector), Range (aeronautics), Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Enceladus, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

7th International Conference on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities (ARENA 2016) : Groningen, The Netherlands, June 7-10, 2016 / S. Buitink, J.R. Hörandel, S. de Jong, R. Lahmann, R. Nahnhauer and O. Scholten (eds.) 7th International Conference on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities, ARENA, Groningen, Netherlands, 7 Jun 2016 - 10 Jun 2016; Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, The European physical journal. Web of Conferences, 135, 06007, 1-4 (2017). doi:10.1051/epjconf/201713506007, Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2017

21. Acoustic in-ice positioning in the Enceladus Explorer project

Author

Franziska Scholz, Dmitry Eliseev, K. Helbing, Uwe Naumann, Ruth Hoffmann, Simon Zierke, Dirk Heinen, and Christopher Wiebusch

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Positioning system, IceMole, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, Crevasse, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Trajectory, Enceladus, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Trilateration, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Enceladus Explorer project is a preparatory study for a future space mission to Saturn’s moon, Enceladus. Its ultimate goal is to probe liquid-water pockets below the ice surface of Enceladus for signatures of life. A probe could be based on the IceMole concept, which melts curved trajectories through the ice. In the Enceladus Explorer project, a specialized IceMole probe for a terrestrial test scenario is in development. The goal of this exploratory study is to probe water from a liquid crevasse close to Blood Falls at Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. To navigate such a probe it is essential to be able to determine its position and monitor its trajectory. Part of the navigation system is the in-ice acoustic positioning system. For this, the head of the IceMole is equipped with acoustic sensors, which receive signals from synchronized acoustic emitters situated at the ice surface. Based on the measured propagation times, the speed of sound in ice and the positions of the emitters at the surface, the position of the IceMole can be determined by trilateration techniques. Here we present the developed acoustic positioning system, which is designed to track the in-ice melting probe up to distances of 100 m in glacier ice. Results from full-system tests in water and a first field test on Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland, are discussed.

Published
2014

22. The IceProd framework: distributed data processing for the IceCube neutrino observatory

Author

Joshua Pepper, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, Jenni Adams, P. B. Price, S. Hickford, R. G. Stokstad, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, K. Rawlins, J. Feintzeig, K. Frantzen, M. Stamatikos, S. Euler, E. Jacobi, J. A. Goodman, J. Kunnen, T. O. B. Schmidt, A. Christov, F. Clevermann, M. Day, A. Bernhard, James Madsen, T. R. Wood, Oscar Macias, M. N. Tobin, J. C. Gallagher, M. Leuermann, J. P. Yanez, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, R. Ström, M. Krasberg, A. O'Murchadha, Teresa Montaruli, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, A. Tepe, H.-P. Bretz, Frank McNally, Donglian Xu, S. De Ridder, M. Labare, Allan Hallgren, Javier Gonzalez, S. Hussain, D. T. Grandmont, Giorgio Maggi, O. Schulz, T. Fuchs, D. J. Koskinen, Sandro Kopper, M. Casier, G. W. Sullivan, D. Z. Besson, A. Goldschmidt, P. Gretskov, J. P. Rodrigues, K. Krings, C. De Clercq, L. Köpke, Dmitry Chirkin, Alexander Kappes, Anatoli Fedynitch, A. Van Overloop, N. A. Stanisha, Carsten Rott, D. Heereman, J. Lünemann, E. A. Strahler, L. Schulte, B. Eichmann, Y. Sestayo, M. Schmitz, K. Jero, Matthias Wolf, S. Böser, Nathan Whitehorn, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, R. Hellauer, B. Ruzybayev, R. C. Bay, M. Ribordy, S. Coenders, A. Haj Ismail, Benedikt Riedel, David A. Williams, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, A. Stasik, Maria Tselengidou, S. Schöneberg, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, T. Waldenmaier, Timo Karg, J. van Santen, Rezo Shanidze, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, K.-H. Becker, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, S. Schoenen, Thorsten Glusenkamp, Carlos Arguelles, K. D. de Vries, K. Clark, L. Rädel, M. Kowalski, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, A. Schukraft, Hermann Kolanoski, M. Bissok, Dennis Soldin, R. Nahnhauer, Todor Stanev, C. Wendt, C. Kopper, G. Golup, T. Feusels, M. Usner, S. Yoshida, H. Taavola, M. Danninger, L. Mohrmann, K. Hoshina, Kirill Filimonov, J. E. Jacobsen, Subir Sarkar, M. Quinnan, Marcos Santander, E. Blaufuss, C. Pfendner, N. Milke, George Japaridze, Dirk Ryckbosch, R. Bruijn, G. Merino, W. Huelsnitz, A. Tamburro, Glenn Spiczak, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, Segev BenZvi, K. Jagielski, R. Hoffmann, L. Gerhardt, I. Rae, J. C. Groh, David Schultz, Gary Binder, Spencer Klein, Matthias Vraeghe, Xianwu Xu, C. Walck, Axel Groß, R. Eagan, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, H. Landsman, Kael Hanson, C. Ha, Kara Hoffman, A. H. Cruz Silva, A. Kriesten, Surujhdeo Seunarine, J. Miller, C. Bohm, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Elisa Resconi, K. Helbing, Thomas Meures, Ch. Weaver, O. Jlelati, J. Kiryluk, Juanan Aguilar, D. R. Nygren, Takao Kuwabara, Wolfgang Rhode, S. Tilav, J. Blumenthal, J. J. Beatty, J.-H. Köhne, Chad Finley, J. Ziemann, Xinhua Bai, B. Christy, J. Becker Tjus, M. Merck, H. Wissing, A. Homeier, L. Classen, Hans Niederhausen, Paolo Desiati, A. Ishihara, J. Posselt, J. Auffenberg, Naoko Kurahashi, N. van Eijndhoven, Christopher Wiebusch, Tim Ruhe, Daniel Bindig, J. L. Kelley, Markus Ahlers, Olga Botner, A. Stößl, A. Obertacke, B. Kaminsky, S. Odrowski, J. Daughhetee, M. W. E. Smith, Reina H. Maruyama, K. Mase, V. Baum, M. J. Larson, G. Kroll, A. R. Fazely, Mike Richman, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, A. Franckowiak, A. Olivas, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, L. Brayeur, Rasha Abbasi, F. Huang, M. G. Aartsen, J. Leute, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Gerald Przybylski, René Reimann, E. Pinat, M. Zoll, Michael J. Baker, J. Casey, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, L. Gladstone, S. Cohen, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, S. Flis, Simona Toscano, Albrecht Karle, C. Pérez de los Heros, A. Schönwald, E. Unger, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, K. Wiebe, S. Zierke, A. Omairat, P. Hallen, K. Hultqvist, Darren Grant, Sarah Nowicki, M. Kauer, D. Bose, B. Eberhardt, H. S. Matis, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, Christian Spiering, C. Sheremata, S. Westerhoff, G. Tešić, R. Morse, Sofia Vallecorsa, N. L. Strotjohann, H. G. Sander, M. Wellons, Dariusz Gora, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Vriendenkring VUB

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Monitoring, Computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, Distributed computing, Data management, Real-time computing, Distributed management, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Theoretical Computer Science, IceCube, Artificial Intelligence, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Data processing, Grid computing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Hardware and Architecture, Middleware (distributed applications), Middleware, Particle, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), Neutrino, ddc:004, business, computer, Software
Abstract

IceCube is a one-gigaton instrument located at the geographic South Pole, designed to detect cosmic neutrinos, identify the particle nature of dark matter, and study high-energy neutrinos themselves. Simulation of the IceCube detector and processing of data require a significant amount of computational resources. This paper presents the first detailed description of IceProd, a lightweight distributed management system designed to meet these requirements. It is driven by a central database in order to manage mass production of simulations and analysis of data produced by the IceCube detector. IceProd runs as a separate layer on top of other middleware and can take advantage of a variety of computing resources, including grids and batch systems such as CREAM, HTCondor, and PBS. This is accomplished by a set of dedicated daemons that process job submission in a coordinated fashion through the use of middleware plugins that serve to abstract the details of job submission and job management from the framework. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

23. An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in gamma-ray bursts

Author

C. Walck, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, S. Hussain, J. W. Nam, F. Descamps, M. W. E. Smith, D. J. Koskinen, P. Berghaus, S. Boeser, S. Japaridze, S. Odrowski, Timo Karg, H. Landsman, R. Franke, S. Euler, S. Flis, H. A. B. Johansson, Christian Bohm, Aongus O'Murchadha, Jon Dumm, T. Waldenmaier, S. Westerhoff, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, J. J. Beatty, S. Seunarine, M. Kowalski, A. Gross, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, P. B. Price, K. Hoshina, H. S. Matis, L. Koepke, M. Danninger, D. Heereman, M. V. D'Agostino, G. C. Hill, J. Posselt, M. Stamatikos, D. Z. Besson, T. O. B. Schmidt, Glenn Spiczak, Larissa Paul, L. Schulte, Chris Wendt, T. Kowarik, D. Rutledge, M. Labare, Albrecht Karle, M. Schunck, Michael J. Baker, Klas Hultqvist, A. Marotta, D. Altmann, U. Naumann, K. Meagher, T. R. Wood, J. Kiryluk, Thomas Meures, N. van Eijndhoven, L. Gladstone, M. Richman, Francis Halzen, Reina H. Maruyama, K. H. Becker, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, P. Zarzhitsky, A. Piegsa, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, Xinhua Bai, A. Goldschmidt, F. Rothmaier, Segev BenZvi, Carsten Rott, Dave Nygren, J. Miller, Spencer Klein, R. J. Lauer, O. Fadiran, M. Bissok, Markus Ahlers, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, C. DeClercq, P. A. Toale, Hermann Kolanoski, J. A. Goodman, A. Silvestri, K. Mase, M. Merck, Xianwu Xu, G. Kroll, T. Degner, K. Rawlins, R. Hellauer, J. P. Huelss, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Darren Grant, Dmitry Chirkin, Jay Gallagher, R. Nahnhauer, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Kara Hoffman, Y. Sestayo, Karen Andeen, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, A. H. Cruz Silva, N. Milke, Jenni Adams, S. Schoeneberg, Sarah Nowicki, Alexander Kappes, C. Pérez de los Heros, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, James Madsen, A. Olivas, M. J. Larson, A. Homeier, S. Panknin, R. Stroem, Fabian Kislat, A. Stoessl, Markus Ackermann, J. Dreyer, S. Tilav, A. Schultes, O. Engdegård, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Juanan Aguilar, Wolfgang Rhode, T. Gluesenkamp, Takao Kuwabara, Simona Toscano, R. Wasserman, Y. Abdou, Christopher Wiebusch, Nathan Whitehorn, S. Hickford, A. Schoenwald, A. Van Overloop, Kael Hanson, W. Huelsnitz, J. Daughhetee, Christian Spiering, T. Griesel, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, R. W. Ellsworth, Donglian Xu, K. Wiebe, A. Franckowiak, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, Matt Dunkman, Steven W. Barwick, Teresa Montaruli, K. Helbing, T. Abu-Zayyad, T. Fischer-Wasels, Elisa Resconi, S. Bechet, B. Hoffmann, Dariusz Gora, Anatoli Fedynitch, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. Berdermann, D. Bose, E. Jacobi, J. Luenemann, H. Taavola, J. Feintzeig, Dirk Ryckbosch, Subir Sarkar, P. Redl, M. Olivo, Paolo Desiati, T. Feusels, D. Berley, E. A. Strahler, Ignacio Taboada, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, K. Beattie, O. Schulz, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, D. J. Boersma, M. Krasberg, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, M. Ribordy, L. Gerhardt, J. P. Rodrigues, Matthias Wolf, T. Stezelberger, K. Han, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, R. C. Bay, B. Ruzybayev, C. Ha, S. Yoshida, M. Casier, G. W. Sullivan, P. Meszaros, J. K. Becker, Allan Hallgren, Sandro Kopper, S. M. Movit, H. G. Sander, C. Colnard, Aya Ishihara, Rasha Abbasi, Chun Xu, Ch. Weaver, Chad Finley, M. Stueer, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, J. Blumenthal, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, Olga Botner, D. Tosi, B. Semburg, H. Wissing, Stijn Buitink, J. Auffenberg, Daniel Bindig, Gerald Przybylski, R. Morse, M. Zoll, Benedikt Riedel, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, A. Rizzo, S. H. Seo, J. H. Koehne, F. Clevermann, J. P. Yanez, A. Haj Ismail, A. Tamburro, L. Brayeur, J. van Santen, J. Kunnen, Naoko Kurahashi, D. Bertrand, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, M. Gurtner, M. Dierckxsens, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, and Montaruli, Teresa

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electronvolt, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, high-energy neutrinos, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, ddc:070, Icecube, Acceleration, Pion, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Very Energetic, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Search, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Gamma Ray Bursts, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as a leading candidate for acceleration of ultra high-energy cosmic rays, which would be accompanied by emission of TeV neutrinos produced in proton-photon interactions during acceleration in the GRB fireball. Two analyses using data from two years of the IceCube detector produced no evidence for this neutrino emission, placing strong constraints on models of neutrino and cosmic-ray production in these sources., 6 pages, 4 figures. Additional supplementary information (effective areas) is freely available with the published version. Version 2 supersedes the published version and fixes a small overestimation of the event rate from the Guetta et al. model in the 2010-2011 part of the model-dependent analysis, resulting in a new Fig. 1. Conclusions and all final results are unchanged.

Published
2012
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24. Atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos above 1 TeV interacting in IceCube

Author

K. Hoshina, Glenn Spiczak, Markus Ahlers, Albrecht Karle, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, E. Unger, A. Schönwald, Gerald Przybylski, M. Zoll, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, M. Relich, L. Schulte, Christian Bohm, Aongus O'Murchadha, Benedikt Riedel, K. Rawlins, Christian Spiering, B. J. Whelan, G. C. Hill, M. Quinnan, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, A. Stasik, J. van Santen, James Madsen, Segev BenZvi, K. Clark, Gary Binder, Axel Groß, K. Frantzen, L. Gladstone, D. Heereman, Joakim Sandroos, Azadeh Keivani, F. Clevermann, Y. Sestayo, Justin Vandenbroucke, J. P. Yanez, Dirk Heinen, E. A. Strahler, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, J. Blumenthal, M. Kowalski, Thomas Meures, M. N. Tobin, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, Tim Ruhe, M. Danninger, L. Mohrmann, O. Schulz, D. Berley, R. Nahnhauer, P. B. Price, A. Koob, Timo Karg, E. Jacobi, Spencer Klein, Hermann Kolanoski, J. Pütz, Matthias Vraeghe, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, Olga Botner, Teresa Montaruli, A. Christov, Björn Eichmann, A. Franckowiak, J. Miller, T. O. B. Schmidt, N. L. Strotjohann, D. Z. Besson, A. Kriesten, V. Baum, Aya Ishihara, T. Feusels, J. P. A. M. de André, C. Walck, H.-P. Bretz, Juanan Aguilar, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, T. R. Wood, Kara Hoffman, A. H. Cruz Silva, P. Gretskov, B. Christy, Kurt Woschnagg, K. Krings, Chris Wendt, Frank McNally, Carl Pfendner, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, H. S. Matis, Daniel Bindig, J. Felde, Xinhua Bai, Paul Evenson, J. P. Rodrigues, T. C. Arlen, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, M. Casier, J. Auffenberg, A. Obertacke, K. Mase, A. Homeier, Nathan Whitehorn, Ch. Weaver, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Daughhetee, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, J. L. Kelley, M. Leuermann, F. Bos, N. Buzinsky, A. Terliuk, S. Westerhoff, Dmitry Chirkin, M. Jurkovic, M. Kauer, Allan Hallgren, Delia Tosi, R. Hellauer, S. Seunarine, Chad Finley, Sandro Kopper, R. C. Bay, L. Gerhardt, C. Haack, Carlos Arguelles, E. Pinat, D. Hellwig, Mike Richman, Alexander Kappes, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, S. Zierke, Sally Robertson, Dennis Soldin, Rezo Shanidze, J. J. Beatty, Donglian Xu, A. Omairat, M. G. Aartsen, H. Taavola, Anatoli Fedynitch, S. Hussain, D. J. Koskinen, Maria Tselengidou, Ö. Penek, Francis Halzen, S. Schöneberg, P. Zarzhitsky, L. Rädel, E. Blaufuss, P. Hallen, N. A. Stanisha, M. Kroll, M. Schmitz, K. Jero, Darren Grant, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, K. Jagielski, J. Casey, Jay Gallagher, René Reimann, R. Morse, K. D. de Vries, M. J. Larson, Matthias Wolf, Sarah Nowicki, O. Fadiran, B. Ruzybayev, T. Anderson, J. Posselt, Subir Sarkar, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, G. Tešić, G. W. Sullivan, A. Stößl, Sofia Vallecorsa, A. Tamburro, A. Olivas, Reina H. Maruyama, R. Ström, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, Klas Hultqvist, J. Kiryluk, Kirill Filimonov, R. Maunu, T. Kuwabara, S. De Ridder, C. Ha, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, D. Gier, M. Labare, F. Huang, J. Kunnen, H. G. Sander, D. Bose, Damian Pieloth, Ali Kheirandish, A. M. Brown, Maryon Ahrens, T. Fuchs, T. Palczewski, M. Medici, S. Coenders, L. Köpke, J. C. Groh, C. Wichary, C. Kopper, B. Eberhardt, O. Jlelati, S. Tilav, Ignacio Taboada, M. Stamatikos, A. Goldschmidt, K.-H. Becker, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, A. Schukraft, E. Cheung, Dirk Ryckbosch, N. Milke, George Japaridze, S. Euler, Jenni Adams, Kael Hanson, R. Gaior, Steven W. Barwick, N. Kurahashi, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, Paolo Desiati, N. van Eijndhoven, Elisa Resconi, E. Middlemas, G. Kroll, D. T. Larsen, S. Yoshida, S. Hickford, R. Hoffmann, R. Eagan, R. G. Stokstad, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Javier Gonzalez, Giorgio Maggi, C. De Clercq, S. Böser, I. Rees, J. Feintzeig, Markus Ackermann, J. Lünemann, J. A. Goodman, G. Golup, M. Wellons, Dariusz Gora, Joshua Pepper, J. Becker Tjus, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, B. Kaminsky, C. Pérez de los Heros, K. Wiebe, L. Classen, M. W. E. Smith, S. Schoenen, Thorsten Glusenkamp, L. Brayeur, Dustin Hebecker, S. Flis, W. Huelsnitz, Carsten Rott, Dave Nygren, M. Bissok, Xianwu Xu, K. Helbing, J. Ziemann, M. Day, A. Haj Ismail, M. Usner, Martin Rongen, Hans Niederhausen, S. Odrowski, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, A. Bernhard, A. Tepe, J. Leute, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, AMANDA, Meson, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, INDUCED CASCADES, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, FLUX PREDICTIONS, 01 natural sciences, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, IceCube, Observatory, SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ASTRONOMY, PERFORMANCE, BLAZARS, PROMPT LEPTONS, GAMMA-RAY, Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, physics
Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory was designed primarily to search for high-energy (TeV--PeV) neutrinos produced in distant astrophysical objects. A search for $\gtrsim 100$~TeV neutrinos interacting inside the instrumented volume has recently provided evidence for an isotropic flux of such neutrinos. At lower energies, IceCube collects large numbers of neutrinos from the weak decays of mesons in cosmic-ray air showers. Here we present the results of a search for neutrino interactions inside IceCube's instrumented volume between 1~TeV and 1~PeV in 641 days of data taken from 2010--2012, lowering the energy threshold for neutrinos from the southern sky below 10 TeV for the first time, far below the threshold of the previous high-energy analysis. Astrophysical neutrinos remain the dominant component in the southern sky down to 10 TeV. From these data we derive new constraints on the diffuse astrophysical neutrino spectrum, $\Phi_{\nu} = 2.06^{+0.4}_{-0.3} \times 10^{-18} \left({E_{\nu}}/{10^5 \,\, \rm{GeV}} \right)^{-2.46 \pm 0.12} {\rm {GeV^{-1} \, cm^{-2} \, sr^{-1} \, s^{-1}} } $, as well as the strongest upper limit yet on the flux of neutrinos from charmed-meson decay in the atmosphere, 1.52 times the benchmark theoretical prediction used in previous IceCube results at 90\% confidence., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures

Published
2015

25. Determining neutrino oscillation parameters from atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance with three years of IceCube DeepCore data

Author

K. Hoshina, L. Koepke, Glenn Spiczak, A. Koob, Timo Karg, J. Luenemann, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, E. Unger, T. Feusels, P. B. Price, Christian Spiering, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, T. O. B. Schmidt, Justin Vandenbroucke, T. R. Wood, L. Gerhardt, D. Hellwig, A. O'Murchadha, Kurt Woschnagg, K. Frantzen, K. Rawlins, Paul Evenson, S. Hussain, D. J. Koskinen, Mike Richman, T. De Young, J. H. Koehne, Joakim Sandroos, Azadeh Keivani, F. Clevermann, Y. Sestayo, J. Feintzeig, Dmitry Chirkin, S. Zierke, I. Rees, Maria Tselengidou, A. Omairat, Alexander Kappes, P. Hallen, James Madsen, Klas Hultqvist, J. Kiryluk, Darren Grant, J. Casey, A. Kriesten, Carsten Rott, Sarah Nowicki, J. A. Goodman, D. R. Nygren, J. P. A. M. de André, M. Stamatikos, Dennis Soldin, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, J. P. Yanez, G. W. Sullivan, Kurt Becker, M. N. Tobin, S. Schoenen, N. A. Stanisha, B. J. Whelan, O. Schulz, M. Bissok, M. J. Larson, T. Anderson, M. Relich, H. Taavola, Jürgen Brunner, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, L. Raedel, Takao Kuwabara, S. Yoshida, Teresa Montaruli, K. Jagielski, D. Z. Besson, Anatoli Fedynitch, J. Auffenberg, Jenni Adams, K. Clark, K. Krings, A. Obertacke, C. Walck, Benedikt Riedel, A. Goldschmidt, M. Kowalski, Thomas Meures, K. D. de Vries, Jean Gallagher, Xianwu Xu, M. Leuermann, A. Tamburro, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, G. Tešić, W. Huelsnitz, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, A. Stasik, N. van Eijndhoven, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, P. Gretskov, A. Franckowiak, C. Ha, F. Bos, Nathan Whitehorn, Allan Hallgren, E. A. Strahler, Gerald Przybylski, Oe. Penek, Javier Gonzalez, Matt Dunkman, A. Haj Ismail, Giorgio Maggi, E. Middlemas, G. Kroll, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, A. Schoenwald, N. Buzinsky, T. Fischer-Wasels, J. Felde, C. Haack, J. Ziemann, M. Quinnan, C. Pérez de los Heros, Hermann Kolanoski, D. T. Larsen, R. G. Stokstad, C. De Clercq, S. Euler, C. Pfendner, Tim Ruhe, René Reimann, Sandro Kopper, C. Kopper, G. Golup, A. Schukraft, Matthias Vraeghe, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, M. Day, J. L. Kelley, J. Blumenthal, M. Wellons, Markus Ahlers, A. Stoessl, Kirill Filimonov, Dariusz Gora, M. Usner, E. Cheung, Carlos Arguelles, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, S. De Ridder, M. Schmitz, K. Jero, M. Labare, P. Berghaus, Kael Hanson, H. Wissing, B. Eichmann, J. Klaes, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, R. Ström, O. Fadiran, Dirk Ryckbosch, Martin Rongen, Olga Botner, J. Kunnen, V. Baum, J. J. Beatty, Maryon Ahrens, Daniel Bindig, M. Medici, B. Ruzybayev, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, Paolo Desiati, X. Bai, S. Coenders, Damian Pieloth, M. Kauer, J. Becker Tjus, Surujhdeo Seunarine, J. Miller, Martin Wolf, Ali Kheirandish, A. M. Brown, J. Posselt, K. Wiebe, Joshua Pepper, D. Gier, L. Classen, Hans Niederhausen, Juanan Aguilar, T. Fuchs, B. Kaminsky, D. Bose, B. Christy, A. Ishihara, M. W. E. Smith, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, S. Odrowski, Ch. Weaver, R. Gaior, L. Brayeur, T. Palczewski, N. Kurahashi, N. Milke, George Japaridze, Marcel Zoll, Segev BenZvi, Reina H. Maruyama, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, C. Wendt, S. Boeser, O. Jlelati, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, Spencer Klein, J. Puetz, C. Wichary, A. Olivas, S. Flis, S. Tilav, R. Hoffmann, M. Wallraff, J. van Santen, E. Jacobi, Elisa Resconi, M. Voge, A. Bernhard, B. Eberhardt, R. Eagan, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Chad Finley, A. Homeier, F. Huang, Christopher Wiebusch, E. Pinat, T. Gluesenkamp, Kara Hoffman, Gary Binder, M. Casier, A. H. Cruz Silva, A. Tepe, Sofia Vallecorsa, N. L. Strotjohann, J. Daughhetee, Donglian Xu, M. Jurkovic, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, Christian Bohm, R. C. Bay, H. G. Sander, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Rezo Shanidze, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, A. Gross, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, M. Kroll, Subir Sarkar, A. R. Fazely, P. A. Toale, J. C. Groh, R. Maunu, A. Terliuk, S. Westerhoff, Justin Lanfranchi, R. Morse, D. Heereman, R. Hellauer, S. Schoeneberg, Sally Robertson, A. Christov, Larissa Paul, J. P. Rodrigues, T. C. Arlen, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, F. Scheriau, Albrecht Karle, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, Delia Tosi, M. G. Aartsen, H.-P. Bretz, Frank McNally, L. Schulte, R. Nahnhauer, and L. Mohrmann

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, TELESCOPE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), TRACK RECONSTRUCTION, Muon neutrino, ddc:530, Neutrino oscillation, Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Solar neutrino problem, PERFORMANCE, Neutrino detector, Physics and Astronomy, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy, SYSTEM
Abstract

We present a measurement of neutrino oscillations via atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance with three years of data of the completed IceCube neutrino detector. DeepCore, a region of denser instrumentation, enables the detection and reconstruction of atmospheric muon neutrinos between 10 GeV and 100 GeV, where a strong disappearance signal is expected. The detector volume surrounding DeepCore is used as a veto region to suppress the atmospheric muon background. Neutrino events are selected where the detected Cherenkov photons of the secondary particles minimally scatter, and the neutrino energy and arrival direction are reconstructed. Both variables are used to obtain the neutrino oscillation parameters from the data, with the best fit given by $\Delta m^2_{32}=2.72^{+0.19}_{-0.20}\times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.53^{+0.09}_{-0.12}$ (normal mass hierarchy assumed). The results are compatible and comparable in precision to those of dedicated oscillation experiments., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015

26. Navigation system for a research ice probe for antarctic glaciers

Author

Sabine Macht, H. Niedermeier, Julia Kowalski, J. Clemens, Peter Linder, R. Hoffmann, and Dirk Heinen

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Crevasse, Inertial measurement unit, Dead reckoning, IceMole, Borehole, Navigation system, Glacier, Sensor fusion, Geology, Remote sensing
Abstract

Water filled caverns and crevasses in glaciers are miraculous habitats, which can accommodate highly specialized and adapted microbes and bacteria. The challenge for scientists is to obtain a sample of this water without contaminating it with surface bacteria, as well as to protect the sample from oxygen and sun light. “IceMole” is a combined melting and drilling probe that can drill a bore hole with flexible trajectory under the ice and allows breaking into the crevasse from below or from the side to obtain clean and unaltered sample liquids, unlike standard drilling equipment. For this, the probe can travel distances in the ice of up to 80 m. A complex navigation system is needed to pinpoint the target. This paper focuses on the development and test of the IceMole navigation system, which enables precise probe navigation through the ice. This naviga¬tion system covers dead reckoning (DR) using inertial sensors, magneto¬¬meters and axial feed information, as well as acoustic positioning and reconnaissance, and sensor fusion. Navigation inside of glaciers is a special application of mining and borehole navigation. The special application and combination of the individual parts of the navigation suite make the project unique.

Published
2014

27. IceCube Sensitivity for Low-Energy Neutrinos from Nearby Supernovae ( Corrigendum )

Author

J. W. Nam, D. R. Nygren, T. Abu-Zayyad, S. Odrowski, R. Ström, C. Pérez de los Heros, J. Auffenberg, K. Mase, Thomas Meures, M. Labare, P. Berghaus, P. B. Price, C. Ha, S. Euler, S. Panknin, C. Wendt, M. Merck, Christian Spiering, S. Seunarine, Ch. Weaver, Jon Dumm, T. Waldenmaier, Joanna Kiryluk, T. O. B. Schmidt, Larissa Paul, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Henrik J. Johansson, M. L. Benabderrahmane, F. Descamps, A. Tepe, M. Kowalski, Chad Finley, Naoko Kurahashi, M. Danninger, Aongus O'Murchadha, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, D. Berley, Justin Vandenbroucke, R. Franke, C. Walck, G. C. Hill, J. L. Bazo Alba, Timo Karg, M. J. Larson, D. Rutledge, H. Köhne, A. Slipak, S. Tilav, T. Kowarik, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, Michael J. Baker, D. Bertrand, T. Griesel, A. Marotta, T. Feusels, T. R. Wood, Fabian Kislat, D. Z. Besson, Xinhua Bai, M. Schunck, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, Martin Wolf, K. Andeen, Paraic A. Kenny, Juanan Aguilar, A. Silvestri, D. Seckel, K. Wiebe, J. E. Jacobsen, L. Köpke, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, Jenni Adams, Takao Kuwabara, F. Clevermann, Q. Swillens, Marcos Santander, M. Voge, Markus Ahlers, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, F. Rothmaier, P. A. Toale, K.-H. Becker, Matt Dunkman, Simona Toscano, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, J. P. Yanez, L. Gerhardt, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Rawlins, A. Schönwald, N. Milke, George Japaridze, R. Porrata, B. Christy, A. Olivas, K. Hultqvist, T. Fischer-Wasels, James Madsen, Seth M. Cohen, Darren Grant, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, G. W. Sullivan, A. Piegsa, A. Ishihara, Nathan Whitehorn, D. Altmann, O. Engdegård, Dmitry Chirkin, J. J. Beatty, J. S. Gallagher, K. Meagher, Anatoli Fedynitch, D. J. Boersma, A. Franckowiak, S. Bechet, D. Tosi, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, I. Taboada, A. Schultes, T. Stanev, D. Bose, Alexander Kappes, Dirk Ryckbosch, J. Feintzeig, L. Demirörs, Elisa Resconi, M. Richman, K. H. Kampert, P. Redl, Teresa Montaruli, C. Colnard, J. Berdermann, B. Hoffmann, Peter Mészáros, B. Ruzybayev, Carsten Rott, R. J. Lauer, M. M. Allen, S. Hussain, R. Nahnhauer, M. Stamatikos, A. Hajismail, J. Miller, M. Bissok, M. Wallraff, D. J. Koskinen, H. Taavola, C. De Clercq, T. Degner, J. K. Becker, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, S. Hickford, Douglas Cowen, Gerald Przybylski, K. Beattie, Xianwu Xu, A. S. Richard, C. Bohm, S. Böser, David A. Williams, A. Van Overloop, R. G. Stokstad, Markus Ackermann, M. Zoll, A. Goldschmidt, J. van Santen, O. Schulz, R. Wischnewski, J.-P. Hülß, L. Schulte, S. W. Barwick, M. Gurtner, S. Westerhoff, Donglian Xu, H. S. Matis, Kirill Filimonov, A. Homeier, M. Vehring, Axel Groß, Thorsten Glusenkamp, Segev BenZvi, J. Blumenthal, S. M. Movit, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Posselt, K. Han, M. Stüer, A. Tamburro, Spencer Klein, E. Jakobi, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, Allan Hallgren, W. Huelsnitz, H. G. Sander, Sandro Kopper, J. Daughhetee, J. Petrovic, A. Karle, Subir Sarkar, O. Fadiran, Olga Botner, K. Hoshina, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, Kara Hoffman, Y. Sestayo, K. Singh, A. H. Cruz Silva, Chun Xu, Glenn Spiczak, K. Helbing, V. Baum, S. H. Seo, A. Stößl, U. Naumann, Wolfgang Rhode, Stijn Buitink, M. Olivo, J. A. Goodman, R. Morse, Reina H. Maruyama, Dariusz Gora, B. D. Fox, J. Lünemann, R. C. Bay, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, M. Ribordy, M. Dierckxsens, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, B. Semburg, N. van Eijndhoven, H. Wissing, G. Kroll, Daniel Bindig, Kael Hanson, Paolo Desiati, Rasha Abbasi, M. Krasberg, S. Yoshida, E. A. Strahler, Hermann Kolanoski, H. Landsman, R. Hellauer, J. Dreyer, Y. Abdou, M. V. D'Agostino, J. P. Rodrigues, and T. Stezelberger

Subjects
Physics, Supernova, Low energy, Web of science, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Instrumentation (computer programming), Sensitivity (control systems), Neutrino
Abstract

Keywords: neutrinos ; supernovae: general ; instrumentation: detectors ; errata ; addenda Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-198916doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117810eView record in Web of Science Record created on 2014-05-19, modified on 2017-05-12

Published
2014

28. First Observation of PeV-Energy Neutrinos with IceCube

Author

K. Hoshina, Glenn Spiczak, J. Becker Tjus, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, R. Bruijn, K. H. Becker, Matthias Vraeghe, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, M. Wellons, Dariusz Gora, S. Zierke, P. Hallen, Darren Grant, Sarah Nowicki, Joshua Pepper, Christian Bohm, G. C. Hill, Michael J. Baker, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, Timo Karg, T. Feusels, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, L. Gerhardt, B. Kaminsky, M. J. Carson, Fabian Kislat, Jay Gallagher, M. J. Larson, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H.-P. Bretz, Chris Wendt, Frank McNally, C. Kopper, G. Golup, A. Franckowiak, Naoko Kurahashi, D. Bertrand, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, J. Auffenberg, Daniel Bindig, D. Heereman, Jürgen Brunner, D. Z. Besson, J. Leute, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, Carsten Rott, Dave Nygren, M. Bissok, M. Leuermann, K. Krings, Allan Hallgren, Sandro Kopper, Nathan Whitehorn, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, S. Euler, J. Kunnen, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, M. Ribordy, A. Olivas, D. van der Drift, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, M. Gurtner, A. Bernhard, Xianwu Xu, S. De Ridder, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, R. Wasserman, Benedikt Riedel, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, A. Stasik, Albrecht Karle, J. Ziemann, P. A. Toale, N. Milke, George Japaridze, L. Köpke, K. Rawlins, Aya Ishihara, M. Richman, S. Bechet, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, G. Tešić, A. Schönwald, M. L. Benabderrahmane, R. Nahnhauer, M. W. E. Smith, M. Labare, Javier Gonzalez, E. A. Strahler, J. J. Beatty, M. Olivo, Ch. Weaver, J. Blumenthal, K. Meagher, Jenni Adams, C. De Clercq, James Madsen, L. Mohrmann, L. Brayeur, M. Soiron, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, H. S. Matis, J. Miller, Christian Spiering, A. Homeier, S. Böser, Segev BenZvi, Olga Botner, Spencer Klein, R. Hellauer, S. Flis, Hermann Kolanoski, Chad Finley, Elisa Resconi, Juanan Aguilar, V. Baum, J. Berdermann, Matt Dunkman, Markus Ackermann, Kara Hoffman, M. G. Aartsen, A. H. Cruz Silva, S. Hickford, J. Posselt, C. Pérez de los Heros, N. Pirk, O. Schulz, T. Fischer-Wasels, Teresa Montaruli, Tim Ruhe, A. Van Overloop, Christopher Wiebusch, R. G. Stokstad, Takao Kuwabara, D. Berley, Rasha Abbasi, J. Daughhetee, H. Landsman, Wolfgang Rhode, Todor Stanev, J. L. Kelley, Dawn Williams, Anatoli Fedynitch, Dennis Soldin, J. Casey, H. Taavola, Markus Ahlers, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, A. Schukraft, A. Stößl, A. Haj Ismail, K. Jero, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, C. Walck, D. Altmann, S. Seunarine, Francis Halzen, R. Hoffmann, K. Jagielski, P. Zarzhitsky, Matthias Wolf, Reina H. Maruyama, M. Usner, Gerald Przybylski, A. Zilles, R. Franke, M. Zoll, Dirk Ryckbosch, K. Wiebe, R. Eagan, C. Sheremata, G. W. Sullivan, M. Schmitz, S. Westerhoff, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, O. Fadiran, Y. Abdou, Michael Stamatikos, B. Ruzybayev, J. A. Goodman, A. Christov, Hans Niederhausen, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, Ignacio Taboada, A. Goldschmidt, Thomas Meures, A. Tamburro, Peter Mészáros, T. Waldenmaier, M. Merck, M. Kowalski, J. P. Rodrigues, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, J. van Santen, M. Danninger, Klas Hultqvist, J. Kiryluk, Gary Binder, Axel Groß, O. Jlelati, K. Frantzen, E. Pinat, M. Scheel, F. Clevermann, S. Tilav, Xinhua Bai, S. Bohaichuk, Y. Sestayo, Simona Toscano, L. Rädel, R. W. Ellsworth, Donglian Xu, J. P. Yanez, B. Eberhardt, E. Jacobi, K. Clark, M. Casier, Subir Sarkar, J. Lünemann, R. C. Bay, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, C. Ha, P. B. Price, T. O. B. Schmidt, T. R. Wood, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, Dmitry Chirkin, D. Bose, Alexander Kappes, M. Krasberg, S. Yoshida, N. van Eijndhoven, G. Kroll, R. Morse, C. Pfendner, T. Salameh, Kael Hanson, T. Fuchs, Steven W. Barwick, Paolo Desiati, H. G. Sander, Chun Xu, A. Obertacke, R. Ström, L. Schulte, S. Schoenen, Thorsten Glusenkamp, W. Huelsnitz, K. Helbing, K. Mase, René Reimann, A. O'Murchadha, S. Hussain, D. J. Koskinen, S. Coenders, S. Schöneberg, J. Feintzeig, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, Christov, Asen, Montaruli, Teresa, and Rameez, Mohamed

Subjects
SELECTION, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), ATMOSPHERIC MUON, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, CHARM, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, SCATTERING, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Charged current, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, SPECTRUM, Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ICE, Glashow resonance, PERFORMANCE, 3. Good health, Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SYSTEM, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Bar (unit)
Abstract

We report on the observation of two neutrino-induced events which have an estimated deposited energy in the IceCube detector of 1.04 $\pm$ 0.16 and 1.14 $\pm$ 0.17 PeV, respectively, the highest neutrino energies observed so far. These events are consistent with fully contained particle showers induced by neutral-current $\nu_{e,\mu,\tau}$ ($\bar\nu_{e,\mu,\tau}$) or charged-current $\nu_{e}$ ($\bar\nu_{e}$) interactions within the IceCube detector. The events were discovered in a search for ultra-high energy neutrinos using data corresponding to 615.9 days effective livetime. The expected number of atmospheric background is $0.082 \pm 0.004 \text{(stat)}^{+0.041}_{-0.057} \text{(syst)}$. The probability to observe two or more candidate events under the atmospheric background-only hypothesis is $2.9\times10^{-3}$ ($2.8\sigma$) taking into account the uncertainty on the expected number of background events. These two events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrino flux, the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2013

29. Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with IceCube

Author

A. O'Murchadha, J. J. Beatty, S. Hussain, D. J. Koskinen, K. Hoshina, Glenn Spiczak, K. Rawlins, U. Naumann, S. Schöneberg, L. Rädel, R. Ström, M. W. E. Smith, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, James Madsen, J. Becker Tjus, N. van Eijndhoven, Fabian Kislat, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, J. Posselt, F. Scheriau, A. Franckowiak, Donglian Xu, Timo Karg, J. Feintzeig, A. Stößl, J. C. Gallagher, Reina H. Maruyama, Frank McNally, D. Z. Besson, A. Tamburro, O. Jlelati, L. Schönherr, E. Jacobi, M. Scheel, M. Soiron, Jon Dumm, T. Waldenmaier, T. Feusels, O. Schulz, M. Labare, Allan Hallgren, S. Tilav, G. Kroll, Todor Stanev, R. Hellauer, Teresa Montaruli, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, Sandro Kopper, C. Ha, C. Wendt, M. Kowalski, I. Taboada, J. E. Jacobsen, J. A. Goodman, N. Milke, George Japaridze, A. Homeier, H. Landsman, Nathan Whitehorn, J. Lünemann, K. Beattie, P. B. Price, Marcos Santander, M. Danninger, M. Krasberg, R. C. Bay, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. Hoffmann, R. Franke, P. Heimann, O. Engdegård, H. G. Sander, T. O. B. Schmidt, T. R. Wood, L. Gerhardt, S. Flis, C. Walck, R. Eagan, Christopher Wiebusch, Dariusz Gora, J. Daughhetee, J. van Santen, K.-H. Becker, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, A. Schukraft, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, S. Seunarine, K. Laihem, Ch. Weaver, Elisa Resconi, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, J. Berdermann, Chun Xu, L. Schulte, F. Rothmaier, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, M. Richman, J. Kunnen, Axel Groß, Rasha Abbasi, Albrecht Karle, Karen Andeen, D. R. Nygren, J. Dreyer, Dirk Ryckbosch, S. Yoshida, R. J. Lauer, K. Hultqvist, Dmitry Chirkin, Joshua Pepper, Peter Mészáros, C. Pérez de los Heros, M. Casier, Chad Finley, A. Schönwald, J. Casey, M. Schmitz, Y. Abdou, C. De Clercq, Xinhua Bai, Alexander Kappes, Darren Grant, M. Stamatikos, S. Böser, E. Middell, C. Kopper, Matthias Wolf, N. Pirk, A. Haj Ismail, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, David A. Williams, Kael Hanson, Markus Ahlers, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, Elisa Bernardini, M. Ribordy, M. Usner, R. Nahnhauer, A. Obertacke, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, T. Fuchs, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, K. Meagher, Tim Ruhe, Stijn Buitink, M. Walter, A. Van Overloop, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Jenni Adams, Sarah Nowicki, K. Mase, L. Mohrmann, J. Kiryluk, A. Goldschmidt, Gerald Przybylski, R. Bruijn, Paolo Desiati, Michael J. Baker, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, J. Auffenberg, A. Zilles, M. Zoll, S. Hickford, S. H. Seo, L. Brayeur, Anatoli Fedynitch, D. Heereman, Daniel Bindig, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, R. G. Stokstad, Juanan Aguilar, Takao Kuwabara, F. Descamps, S. Panknin, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, R. Morse, D. Seckel, Christian Spiering, Jürgen Brunner, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, A. Ishihara, T. Salameh, J. Blumenthal, Naoko Kurahashi, D. Bertrand, D. Bose, K. Frantzen, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, K. Wiebe, Benedikt Riedel, A. Stasik, E. A. Strahler, F. Clevermann, J. P. Rodrigues, P. A. Toale, Carsten Rott, Y. Sestayo, T. Stezelberger, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, M. Gurtner, S. M. Saba, Olga Botner, H. S. Matis, J. Miller, Hermann Kolanoski, V. Baum, J. P. Yanez, M. Bissok, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, Xianwu Xu, G. W. Sullivan, O. Fadiran, C. Bohm, M. J. Larson, B. Ruzybayev, A. Olivas, D. van der Drift, J. Ziemann, D. Altmann, R. Wasserman, S. Westerhoff, S. Schoenen, Thorsten Glusenkamp, W. Huelsnitz, K. Helbing, S. Bechet, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, M. Olivo, Dennis Soldin, H. Taavola, Michael S. Bell, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, Kirill Filimonov, Segev BenZvi, S. M. Movit, Spencer Klein, Kara Hoffman, A. H. Cruz Silva, Subir Sarkar, Wolfgang Rhode, D. J. Boersma, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, S. Euler, Thomas Meures, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, M. Merck, L. Köpke, Simona Toscano, R. W. Ellsworth, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, and Montaruli, Teresa

Subjects
FLUX, SELECTION, AMANDA, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton decay, Cherenkov detector, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Magnetic monopole, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Physics::Geophysics, IceCube, law, 0103 physical sciences, Grand Unified Theory, ddc:530, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, 010306 general physics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FIELDS, 85-05, Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino detector, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the first results in the search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with the IceCube detector, a subsurface neutrino telescope located in the South Polar ice cap containing a volume of 1 km$^{3}$. This analysis searches data taken on the partially completed detector during 2007 when roughly 0.2 km$^{3}$ of ice was instrumented. The lack of candidate events leads to an upper limit on the flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles of $\Phi_{\mathrm{90%C.L.}}\sim 3\e{-18}\fluxunits$ for $\beta\geq0.8$. This is a factor of 4 improvement over the previous best experimental flux limits up to a Lorentz boost $\gamma$ below $10^{7}$. This result is then interpreted for a wide range of mass and kinetic energy values., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. v2 is minor text edits, no changes to result

Published
2013

30. Search for Galactic PeV gamma rays with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

S. Hussain, M. J. Larson, D. J. Koskinen, Naoko Kurahashi, D. Bertrand, C. Walck, A. Olivas, S. Schöneberg, D. van der Drift, O. Jlelati, D. Altmann, M. W. E. Smith, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, K. Rawlins, R. Wasserman, M. Gurtner, P. Berghaus, Thomas Meures, T. Salameh, J. Kläs, A. Haj Ismail, M. Usner, M. Scheel, S. Tilav, L. Brayeur, M. Soiron, James Madsen, D. Z. Besson, Stijn Buitink, S. Euler, J. Kunnen, C. Sheremata, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, Rasha Abbasi, J. Kiryluk, M. Merck, L. Rädel, O. Schulz, S. Westerhoff, Damian Pieloth, S. Flis, M. Krasberg, A. M. Brown, L. Schönherr, E. Jacobi, Teresa Montaruli, Timo Karg, J. Casey, E. A. Strahler, R. Ström, Nathan Whitehorn, J. Blumenthal, T. Fuchs, J. Becker Tjus, Fabian Kislat, Hermann Kolanoski, M. Casier, Matthias Vraeghe, Ch. Weaver, L. Schulte, J. Eisch, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, Dariusz Gora, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Feusels, N. Pirk, S. Zierke, K. Frantzen, H. Landsman, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, S. Bechet, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, R. Hellauer, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, P. Heimann, F. Rothmaier, Chad Finley, A. Franckowiak, M. G. Aartsen, H. S. Matis, Olga Botner, J. Lünemann, L. Gerhardt, J. Auffenberg, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, S. Seunarine, M. Olivo, S. Yoshida, S. Schoenen, K. Hultqvist, J. Dreyer, V. Baum, M. Richman, A. Schukraft, J. C. Gallagher, Daniel Bindig, Jürgen Brunner, R. Morse, Karen Andeen, S. H. Seo, K. Hoshina, Joshua Pepper, Y. Abdou, Benedikt Riedel, Dirk Ryckbosch, Simona Toscano, Darren Grant, Sarah Nowicki, Glenn Spiczak, R. J. Lauer, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, C. De Clercq, A. Stasik, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, M. Stamatikos, S. Böser, David A. Williams, Allan Hallgren, M. Ribordy, Thorsten Glusenkamp, U. Naumann, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, R. Nahnhauer, Christian Spiering, K. H. Becker, Markus Ackermann, Sandro Kopper, O. Fadiran, K. Wiebe, K. Mase, R. W. Ellsworth, M. Schmitz, L. Mohrmann, Kara Hoffman, Chun Xu, Todor Stanev, C. Wendt, Matthias Wolf, R. C. Bay, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, J. van Santen, R. Bruijn, D. Heereman, Carsten Rott, Dave Nygren, Gerald Przybylski, Kael Hanson, A. Goldschmidt, A. H. Cruz Silva, A. Zilles, M. Zoll, Anatoli Fedynitch, M. Bissok, R. Hoffmann, P. O. Hulth, Axel Groß, J. A. Goodman, R. Franke, Xianwu Xu, W. Huelsnitz, M. Kowalski, Wolfgang Rhode, Steven W. Barwick, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, R. Eagan, H. G. Sander, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, C. Bohm, N. Milke, George Japaridze, Frank McNally, Jenni Adams, F. Clevermann, O. Engdegård, S. Bohaichuk, Y. Sestayo, J. Ziemann, J. P. Yanez, Albrecht Karle, J. P. Rodrigues, Elisa Resconi, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, J. Berdermann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, K. Clark, R. G. Stokstad, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, G. W. Sullivan, Paolo Desiati, Donglian Xu, A. Schönwald, J. J. Beatty, S. Panknin, P. B. Price, Ignacio Taboada, K. Meagher, N. van Eijndhoven, Peter Mészáros, J. Posselt, T. Schmidt, A. Stößl, Subir Sarkar, L. Köpke, Reina H. Maruyama, A. Obertacke, G. Kroll, J. Feintzeig, K. Beattie, C. Kopper, G. Golup, M. L. Benabderrahmane, J. Miller, Juanan Aguilar, Takao Kuwabara, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, A. Ishihara, A. Homeier, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Daughhetee, Markus Ahlers, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Michael J. Baker, F. Descamps, Dennis Soldin, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, T. R. Wood, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, H. Taavola, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, Jon Dumm, Dmitry Chirkin, P. A. Toale, T. Waldenmaier, D. Bose, Alexander Kappes, S. De Ridder, M. Danninger, A. Van Overloop, M. Labare, Xinhua Bai, B. Ruzybayev, A. Tamburro, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, C. Ha, A. O'Murchadha, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, Montaruli, Teresa, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, TELESCOPE, Point source, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, IceCube, HESS, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, MILAGRO, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Muon, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, PLANE, Galactic plane, Air shower, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, DISCOVERY, Milagro, MOLECULAR CLOUDS, TEV, RADIATION, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, EMISSION
Abstract

Gamma-ray induced air showers are notable for their lack of muons, compared to hadronic showers. Hence, air shower arrays with large underground muon detectors can select a sample greatly enriched in photon showers by rejecting showers containing muons. IceCube is sensitive to muons with energies above ~500 GeV at the surface, which provides an efficient veto system for hadronic air showers with energies above 1 PeV. One year of data from the 40-string IceCube configuration was used to perform a search for point sources and a Galactic diffuse signal. No sources were found, resulting in a 90% C.L. upper limit on the ratio of gamma rays to cosmic rays of 1.2 x 10^(-3)for the flux coming from the Galactic Plane region (-80 deg < l < -30 deg; -10 deg < b < 5 deg) in the energy range 1.2 - 6.0 PeV. In the same energy range, point source fluxes with E^(-2) spectra have been excluded at a level of (E/TeV)^2 d��/dE ~ 10^(-12)-10^(-11) cm^2/s/TeV depending on source declination. The complete IceCube detector will have a better sensitivity, due to the larger detector size, improved reconstruction and vetoing techniques. Preliminary data from the nearly-final IceCube detector configuration has been used to estimate the 5 year sensitivity of the full detector. It is found to be more than an order of magnitude better, allowing the search for PeV extensions of known TeV gamma-ray emitters., submitted to PRD, 15 pages, 15 figures

Published
2013

31. IceTop : the surface component of IceCube

Author

Anatoli Fedynitch, K. Mase, J. Blumenthal, P. B. Price, K. Frantzen, T. O. B. Schmidt, C. Roucelle, F. Clevermann, K. Hoshina, Y. Sestayo, Olga Botner, T. R. Wood, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, Glenn Spiczak, Timo Karg, J. P. Yanez, A. Haj Ismail, Kael Hanson, T. Fuchs, D. Z. Besson, Paolo Desiati, M. Usner, V. Baum, F. Rothmaier, G. W. Sullivan, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, U. Naumann, K. H. Becker, K. Hultqvist, N. Milke, George Japaridze, Darren Grant, Todor Stanev, J. J. Beatty, C. Wendt, T. Feusels, Dmitry Chirkin, S. Panknin, Sarah Nowicki, A. O'Murchadha, Karen Andeen, O. Engdegård, Ch. Weaver, Markus Ahlers, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, P. Heimann, S. Hussain, D. Bose, Alexander Kappes, J. Posselt, C. Pérez de los Heros, M. J. Larson, L. Gerhardt, J. Kiryluk, Chad Finley, Christian Spiering, S. Schoenen, Jürgen Brunner, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, Elisa Resconi, J. Berdermann, A. Homeier, A. Olivas, D. van der Drift, D. J. Koskinen, A. Stößl, Thorsten Glusenkamp, Christopher Wiebusch, F. Descamps, R. Hoffmann, R. Franke, C. Walck, R. Eagan, S. Seunarine, Reina H. Maruyama, A. McDermott, S. H. Seo, M. Labare, J. Daughhetee, W. Huelsnitz, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, D. J. Boersma, J. Roth, Matthias Wolf, L. Schönherr, E. Jacobi, Benedikt Riedel, K. Helbing, L. Shulman, R. Nahnhauer, S. Stoyanov, M. Casier, L. Mohrmann, D. Rutledge, M. Schmitz, D. Altmann, A. Stasik, R. Ström, K. Rawlins, C. Elliott, J. Lünemann, J. van Santen, James Madsen, M. Richman, L. Schulte, S. Schöneberg, R. C. Bay, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Axel Groß, R. Wasserman, Naoko Kurahashi, Michael J. Baker, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, A. Van Overloop, Gerald Przybylski, D. Bertrand, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, O. Schulz, Stijn Buitink, Peter Mészáros, Teresa Montaruli, L. Gladstone, Fabian Kislat, Dirk Heinen, R. J. Lauer, R. Bruijn, S. Westerhoff, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, Frank McNally, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, Jon Dumm, T. Waldenmaier, A. Zilles, M. Zoll, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, H. Landsman, D. Heereman, H. S. Matis, P. A. Toale, Thomas Meures, M. Kowalski, C. De Clercq, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, S. Klepser, M. Danninger, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, A. Franckowiak, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, M. Merck, S. Böser, J. Auffenberg, M. Gurtner, Henrik J. Johansson, Daniel Bindig, A. Tamburro, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, J. P. Rodrigues, David A. Williams, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, R. Hellauer, C. Ha, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, Dennis Soldin, Xinhua Bai, H. Taavola, J. Becker Tjus, Rasha Abbasi, J. C. Gallagher, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, Albrecht Karle, D. R. Nygren, J. Casey, A. Schönwald, J. Dreyer, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, Allan Hallgren, K. Meagher, Y. Abdou, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Sandro Kopper, Simona Toscano, R. W. Ellsworth, S. M. Movit, Donglian Xu, B. Ruzybayev, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Miller, Juanan Aguilar, A. Obertacke, Takao Kuwabara, G. Kroll, M. Krasberg, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, Subir Sarkar, A. Ishihara, E. A. Strahler, S. Yoshida, J. Feintzeig, K. Beattie, S. Bechet, C. Kopper, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, M. Olivo, N. Pirk, Nathan Whitehorn, Hermann Kolanoski, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, S. Euler, J. Kunnen, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, L. Köpke, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, O. Jlelati, Kara Hoffman, M. Scheel, A. H. Cruz Silva, S. Tilav, Wolfgang Rhode, L. Rädel, P. Nießen, M. Stamatikos, Jenni Adams, A. Goldschmidt, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, Dirk Ryckbosch, K. Wiebe, H. G. Sander, Carsten Rott, Chun Xu, M. Bissok, S. Hickford, R. G. Stokstad, R. Morse, T. Salameh, Xianwu Xu, C. Bohm, J. Ziemann, M. W. E. Smith, L. Brayeur, M. Soiron, I. Taboada, S. Flis, J. A. Goodman, Dariusz Gora, Joshua Pepper, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, M. Ribordy, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, Montaruli, Teresa, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group

Subjects
FLUX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic rays, Detector, IceCube, IceTop, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Shower, Data acquisition, cosmic rays, DIGITIZATION, 0103 physical sciences, SHOWERS, Calibration, ddc:530, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Remote sensing, Physics, Muon, detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Physics and Astronomy, SIMULATION, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km2. The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed., 50 pages, 38 figures; submitted to NIM A

Published
2013

32. Cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum from 1–30 PeV using the 40-string configuration of IceTop and IceCube

Author

R. Bruijn, D. Heereman, Dariusz Gora, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, Albrecht Karle, A. Schönwald, K. Meagher, Timo Karg, J. Feintzeig, S. Schoenen, Thorsten Glusenkamp, M. W. E. Smith, K. Rawlins, A. Homeier, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, D. J. Boersma, W. Huelsnitz, M. Stamatikos, Joshua Pepper, Anatoli Fedynitch, K. Hoshina, Christopher Wiebusch, M. Krasberg, James Madsen, K. Beattie, Frank McNally, E. Middell, J. Daughhetee, J. P. Rodrigues, T. Stezelberger, Elisa Bernardini, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, K. Helbing, Glenn Spiczak, L. Brayeur, M. Soiron, J. Auffenberg, M. Labare, M. Ribordy, S. M. Saba, O. Schulz, Teresa Montaruli, S. Yoshida, Daniel Bindig, A. Goldschmidt, J. van Santen, T. Feusels, I. Taboada, S. Flis, D. Z. Besson, Matthias Wolf, A. Olivas, D. R. Nygren, D. van der Drift, T. Salameh, N. van Eijndhoven, Jürgen Brunner, C. Kopper, J. Kiryluk, Naoko Kurahashi, D. Bertrand, S. Seunarine, U. Naumann, J. E. Jacobsen, Benedikt Riedel, Axel Groß, Marcos Santander, P. Heimann, Carsten Rott, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, D. Rutledge, Nathan Whitehorn, A. Stasik, Gerald Przybylski, A. Zilles, R. Wasserman, A. Obertacke, M. Zoll, K. Mase, R. Hellauer, M. L. Benabderrahmane, M. Schmitz, O. Jlelati, Donglian Xu, H. Landsman, L. Gerhardt, L. Schulte, Ch. Weaver, J. K. Becker, J. A. Goodman, M. Scheel, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, G. Kroll, J. Miller, Karen Andeen, Chad Finley, S. Tilav, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, B. Ruzybayev, M. Gurtner, M. Bissok, S. Bechet, Juanan Aguilar, Jenni Adams, Takao Kuwabara, Subir Sarkar, J. Blumenthal, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, K.-H. Becker, J. C. Gallagher, S. Panknin, S. Hussain, A. Ishihara, S. Hickford, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, Matt Dunkman, J. Dreyer, R. G. Stokstad, Thomas Meures, T. Fischer-Wasels, Dennis Soldin, Xianwu Xu, H. Taavola, Allan Hallgren, D. J. Koskinen, S. H. Seo, R. Nahnhauer, M. Olivo, A. Van Overloop, Aongus O'Murchadha, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, M. Merck, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, Sandro Kopper, L. Schönherr, E. Jacobi, Y. Abdou, H. G. Sander, C. Bohm, Kael Hanson, Olga Botner, L. Mohrmann, N. Milke, George Japaridze, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, M. Casier, Dirk Ryckbosch, O. Engdegård, T. Fuchs, Rasha Abbasi, Michael J. Baker, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, J. Lünemann, S. Schöneberg, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, Elisa Resconi, V. Baum, Paolo Desiati, J. Berdermann, J. Casey, S. Miarecki, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, Chun Xu, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, L. Rädel, J. Ziemann, C. Pérez de los Heros, Simona Toscano, R. C. Bay, S. M. Movit, N. Pirk, R. Ström, S. Euler, R. W. Ellsworth, J. Kunnen, E. A. Strahler, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, Damian Pieloth, Henrik J. Johansson, A. M. Brown, J. J. Beatty, M. J. Larson, Hermann Kolanoski, K. Wiebe, L. Köpke, J. Posselt, Fabian Kislat, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, Kara Hoffman, K. Schatto, A. Stößl, G. Kohnen, A. H. Cruz Silva, Reina H. Maruyama, Wolfgang Rhode, R. Morse, H. S. Matis, A. Franckowiak, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, D. Altmann, Peter Mészáros, Stijn Buitink, S. Westerhoff, Christian Spiering, F. Rothmaier, K. Hultqvist, Darren Grant, Sarah Nowicki, Markus Ahlers, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, Jon Dumm, T. Waldenmaier, M. Kowalski, M. Danninger, Xinhua Bai, Todor Stanev, C. Wendt, F. Descamps, R. Hoffmann, R. Franke, C. Walck, R. Eagan, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, M. Richman, R. J. Lauer, C. De Clercq, S. Böser, David A. Williams, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, A. Tamburro, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, C. Ha, P. B. Price, T. O. B. Schmidt, T. R. Wood, K. Frantzen, F. Clevermann, Y. Sestayo, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, J. P. Yanez, G. W. Sullivan, Dmitry Chirkin, D. Bose, Alexander Kappes, A. Haj Ismail, M. Usner, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, Montaruli, Teresa, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group

Subjects
Knee region, Astrophysics, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, IceCube, TRACKING, WATER, Cherenkov, Neutrino energy, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, SEA, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, LIGHT, Composition, Cosmic rays, Energy spectrum, IceTop, ddc:540, PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, IceCube detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, SEARCHES, Acceleration, cosmic rays, dE/dx, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Truncated mean, Muon energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy, composition, Energy Spectrum, TEV
Abstract

Astroparticle physics 42, 15 - 32 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.11.003, The mass composition of high energy cosmic rays depends on their production, acceleration, and propagation. The study of cosmic ray composition can therefore reveal hints of the origin of these particles. At the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is capable of measuring two components of cosmic ray air showers in coincidence: the electromagnetic component at high altitude (2835 m) using the IceTop surface array, and the muonic component above ∼1 TeV using the IceCube array. This unique detector arrangement provides an opportunity for precision measurements of the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition in the region of the knee and beyond. We present the results of a neural network analysis technique to study the cosmic ray composition and the energy spectrum from 1 PeV to 30 PeV using data recorded using the 40-string/40-station configuration of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory., Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Published
2013

33. The design and performance of IceCube DeepCore

Author

T. Griesel, K. Wiebe, Carsten Rott, Dave Nygren, J. Miller, M. Bissok, Xianwu Xu, S. Boeser, C. Ha, K. Rawlins, P. Berghaus, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Jay Gallagher, J. K. Becker, R. Nahnhauer, Q. Swillens, Christian Bohm, Aongus O'Murchadha, James Madsen, Jon Dumm, S. Euler, T. Waldenmaier, Thomas Meures, Joanna Kiryluk, A. Stoessl, M. Kowalski, M. Danninger, T. Kowarik, C. Walck, R. Ström, J. Petrovic, A. Olivas, A. Gross, Ignacio Taboada, Teresa Montaruli, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, K. Andeen, M. V. D'Agostino, Timo Karg, Chris Wendt, M. Stamatikos, Damian Pieloth, M. Labare, P. B. Price, Paraic A. Kenny, Juanan Aguilar, M. J. Larson, M. Merck, A. M. Brown, Takao Kuwabara, A. Tamburro, Xinhua Bai, Markus Ahlers, Allan Hallgren, T. O. B. Schmidt, M. Richman, Fabian Kislat, B. Christy, S. Seunarine, R. Porrata, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, T. R. Wood, Seth M. Cohen, N. Milke, George Japaridze, R. J. Lauer, W. Huesnitz, Nathan Whitehorn, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, C. De Clercq, T. Degner, Tim Ruhe, D. Rutledge, M. Walter, Peter Mészáros, O. Engdegård, Kurt Woschnagg, Klas Hultqvist, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, J. A. Goodman, D. Z. Besson, R. Wischnewski, B. Semburg, H. G. Sander, K. Helbing, Markus Ackermann, A. Schultes, Segev BenZvi, Paul Evenson, J. Feintzeig, S. Westerhoff, C. Colnard, Spencer Klein, Aya Ishihara, H. Wissing, A. Marotta, Larissa Paul, Chun Xu, J. Auffenberg, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, M. Stueer, Daniel Bindig, B. Hoffmann, F. Descamps, Kara Hoffman, Y. Sestayo, Dmitry Chirkin, H. Taavola, K. Beattie, Albrecht Karle, A. Silvestri, Christian Spiering, A. Tepe, A. H. Cruz Silva, Stijn Buitink, A. Piegsa, Ch. Weaver, O. Schulz, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, S. H. Seo, Dariusz Gora, Hermann Kolanoski, R. Franke, K. Han, Elisa Resconi, Alexander Kappes, A. Franckowiak, Matt Dunkman, K. Mase, J. Berdermann, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, Kael Hanson, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, T. Fischer-Wasels, Justin Vandenbroucke, Chad Finley, R. Morse, G. W. Sullivan, Wolfgang Rhode, M. Schunck, D. Berley, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, S. M. Movit, R. Hellauer, T. Abu-Zayyad, Rasha Abbasi, H. Landsman, Dirk Ryckbosch, J. P. Huelss, Martin Wolf, S. Bechet, T. Gluesenkamp, L. Demiroers, M. M. Allen, S. Hussain, Simona Toscano, J. H. Koehne, F. Rothmaier, A. Van Overloop, R. W. Ellsworth, Steven W. Barwick, F. Clevermann, P. Redl, D. J. Koskinen, Donglian Xu, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Darren Grant, M. Olivo, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, A. Goldschmidth, M. Ribordy, J. P. Yanez, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, F. A. Fedynitch, Jenni Adams, S. Panknin, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. Luenemann, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Kirill Filimonov, J. J. Beatty, S. Tilav, T. Feusels, S. Hickford, A. Schoenwald, J. Dreyer, Subir Sarkar, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, R. G. Stokstad, J. Posselt, Y. Abdou, L. Gerhardt, K. Hoshina, L. Koepke, J. W. Nam, Glenn Spiczak, Reina H. Maruyama, D. Bose, E. Jacobi, U. Naumann, Paolo Desiati, K. H. Becker, D. J. Boersma, J. Blumenthal, H. S. Matis, E. A. Strahler, G. C. Hill, Michael J. Baker, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, A. Homeier, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Daughhetee, R. C. Bay, J. van Santen, J. P. Rodrigues, T. Stezelberger, M. Krasberg, Olga Botner, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, Henrik J. Johansson, S. Yoshida, N. van Eijndhoven, G. Kroll, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, D. Tosi, Gerald Przybylski, M. Zoll, A. Haj Ismail, B. D. Fox, Naoko Kurahashi, D. Bertrand, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, M. Gurtner, S. Odrowski, M. Dierckxsens, B. Ruzybayev, C. Pérez de los Heros, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Antartica, Generator, Astrophysics, Neutrino telescope, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Antarctica, DeepCore, Detector, IceCube, Neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Ice, ICE, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), GENERATOR, Supernova, Air shower, Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino detector, 13. Climate action, ddc:540, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The IceCube neutrino observatory in operation at the South Pole, Antarctica, comprises three distinct components: a large buried array for ultrahigh energy neutrino detection, a surface air shower array, and a new buried component called DeepCore. DeepCore was designed to lower the IceCube neutrino energy threshold by over an order of magnitude, to energies as low as about 10 GeV. DeepCore is situated primarily 2100 m below the surface of the icecap at the South Pole, at the bottom center of the existing IceCube array, and began taking physics data in May 2010. Its location takes advantage of the exceptionally clear ice at those depths and allows it to use the surrounding IceCube detector as a highly efficient active veto against the principal background of downward-going muons produced in cosmic-ray air showers. DeepCore has a module density roughly five times higher than that of the standard IceCube array, and uses photomultiplier tubes with a new photocathode featuring a quantum efficiency about 35% higher than standard IceCube PMTs. Taken together, these features of DeepCore will increase IceCube's sensitivity to neutrinos from WIMP dark matter annihilations, atmospheric neutrino oscillations, galactic supernova neutrinos, and point sources of neutrinos in the northern and southern skies. In this paper we describe the design and initial performance of DeepCore., Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures

Published
2012

34. Design and performance of the south pole acoustic test setup

Author

Dirk Heinen, R. Heller, Christopher Wiebusch, D. Tosi, Yasser Abdou, M. Ribordy, Dirk Ryckbosch, M. Schunck, K.-H. Becker, Timo Karg, M. Bissok, K. Krieger, C. Bohm, Thomas Meures, K. Laihem, F. Descamps, M Bothe, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, S. Hundertmark, Leif Gustafsson, Larissa Paul, B. Semburg, U. Naumann, Martin Pohl, S. Böser, M. J. Carson, Justin Vandenbroucke, B Price, J. Berdermann, JH Fischer-Wolfarth, K. Helbing, R. Nahnhauer, Allan Hallgren, F Oberson, and J. Stegmaier

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electric cables, Acoustics, Neutrino telescope, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Glaciophone, Data acquisition, Electrical equipment, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Ice caps, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Sound wave, Neutrino Telescope, Physics, Test setup, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spats, Acoustic neutrino detection, Neutrino detector, Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, SPATS
Abstract

The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) was built to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the South Pole ice in the 10-100 kHz frequency range, for the purpose of assessing the feasibility of an acoustic neutrino detection array at the South Pole. The SPATS hardware consists of four vertical strings deployed in the upper 500 m of the South Pole ice cap. The strings form a trapezoidal array with a maximum baseline of 543 m. Each string has seven stages equipped with one transmitter and one sensor module (glaciophone). Sound is detected or generated by piezoelectric ceramic elements inside the modules. Analogue signals are sent to the surface on electric cables where they are digitized by a PC-based data acquisition system. The data from all strings are collected on a central computer in the IceCube Laboratory from where they are sent to a central data storage facility via a satellite link or stored locally on tape. A technical overview of SPATS and its performance is presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012

35. All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with 26 IceTop stations

Author

Donglian Xu, Carsten Rott, J. Miller, M. Bissok, C. Pérez de los Heros, Xianwu Xu, C. Bohm, M. L. Benabderrahmane, M. Stüer, N. Milke, George Japaridze, K. Wiebe, R. Hellauer, Todor Stanev, M. W. E. Smith, S. Seunarine, I. Taboada, S. Flis, A. Haj Ismail, C. Wendt, F. Descamps, Markus Ahlers, O. Engdegård, K.-H. Becker, D. Rutledge, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, T. Abu-Zayyad, Juanan Aguilar, Takao Kuwabara, J. Dreyer, Ch. Weaver, Subir Sarkar, Segev BenZvi, Y. Abdou, Benedikt Riedel, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, Spencer Klein, Peter Mészáros, J. A. Goodman, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, Chad Finley, R. Franke, C. Walck, S. H. Seo, A. Ishihara, K. Rawlins, M. Labare, D. Bose, B. Ruzybayev, E. Jacobi, James Madsen, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, D. Z. Besson, Thomas Meures, E. A. Strahler, Kara Hoffman, J. Feintzeig, Dariusz Gora, A. Tamburro, Dirk Ryckbosch, M. Merck, J. P. Rodrigues, T. Stezelberger, Stijn Buitink, S. Westerhoff, A. H. Cruz Silva, Elisa Resconi, Thorsten Glusenkamp, O. Schulz, Anatoli Fedynitch, Teresa Montaruli, M. V. D'Agostino, J. Berdermann, M. Richman, K. Beattie, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, Nathan Whitehorn, A. Silvestri, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, J. Kiryluk, J. Lünemann, C. Ha, P. B. Price, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Wolfgang Rhode, L. Schulte, R. J. Lauer, Albrecht Karle, A. Schultes, R. Morse, Christian Spiering, R. C. Bay, H. S. Matis, A. Van Overloop, L. Brayeur, C. De Clercq, T. Degner, T. O. B. Schmidt, Karen Andeen, P. Berghaus, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, S. Böser, A. Schönwald, F. Clevermann, T. R. Wood, J. J. Beatty, S. Euler, B. Hoffmann, H. Taavola, David A. Williams, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, M. Scheel, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, A. Homeier, Kurt Woschnagg, Y. Sestayo, J. Posselt, Matthias Wolf, Rasha Abbasi, S. Tilav, K. Han, D. Altmann, H. G. Sander, K. Hoshina, Paul Evenson, Jon Dumm, T. Waldenmaier, M. Kowalski, R. Nahnhauer, Christopher Wiebusch, M. Danninger, J. L. Bazo Alba, A. Stößl, Simona Toscano, K. Meagher, Damian Pieloth, W. Huelsnitz, Chun Xu, Reina H. Maruyama, A. M. Brown, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, J. Daughhetee, Francis Halzen, M. Ribordy, R. W. Ellsworth, J. P. Yanez, S. M. Movit, M. Stamatikos, Glenn Spiczak, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, P. Zarzhitsky, T. Feusels, F. Rothmaier, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, Jenni Adams, Dmitry Chirkin, J. E. Jacobsen, Aongus O'Murchadha, Marcos Santander, O. Fadiran, G. W. Sullivan, K. Hultqvist, P. Heimann, L. Gerhardt, L. Köpke, B. Semburg, Alexander Kappes, Darren Grant, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, D. J. Boersma, S. Hickford, Michael J. Baker, Xinhua Bai, S. Bechet, Sarah Nowicki, R. G. Stokstad, L. Gladstone, R. Wischnewski, Dirk Heinen, A. Goldschmidt, J. Auffenberg, D. Heereman, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, Naoko Kurahashi, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, Daniel Bindig, P. Redl, D. Bertrand, P. A. Toale, M. Olivo, K. Helbing, N. van Eijndhoven, U. Naumann, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, S. Klepser, J. K. Becker, G. Kroll, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, M. Gurtner, M. Krasberg, M. Schunck, J. C. Gallagher, S. Yoshida, M. Casier, Allan Hallgren, J. van Santen, S. Hussain, Sandro Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Kael Hanson, J. Kunnen, Axel Groß, Timo Karg, J. W. Nam, S. Schöneberg, D. R. Nygren, Paolo Desiati, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, M. J. Larson, Fabian Kislat, A. Franckowiak, J. Blumenthal, K. Mase, Olga Botner, V. Baum, Henrik J. Johansson, S. Panknin, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, R. Ström, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Tosi, H. Landsman, Gerald Przybylski, M. Zoll, A. Olivas, R. Wasserman, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, Montaruli, Teresa, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, IceCube, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic rays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Energy spectrum, IceTop, Spectral index, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Air shower, KASCADE, ddc:540, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Astroparticle physics 44, 40 - 58 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.016, We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The data used in this analysis were taken between June and October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis was 0.122 km2. The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV measured for three different zenith angle ranges between 0° and 46°. Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectra from all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was determined under different assumptions on the primary mass composition. Good agreement of spectra in the three zenith angle ranges was found for the assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. For zenith angles θ < 30°, where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrum was observed at about 4 PeV, with a spectral index above the knee of about −3.1. Moreover, an indication of a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV was observed., Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Published
2012
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36. Multi-year search for dark matter annihilations in the Sun with the AMANDA-II and IceCube detectors

Author

A. Piegsa, P. Berghaus, L. Schulte, S. Euler, K.-H. Becker, Donglian Xu, J. Feintzeig, Damian Pieloth, Matt Dunkman, T. Fischer-Wasels, M. Krasberg, A. M. Brown, D. Bose, A. Schukraft, K. Beattie, O. Schulz, K. Laihem, E. A. Strahler, A. Gross, J. P. Rodrigues, T. Stezelberger, Subir Sarkar, Naoko Kurahashi, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, D. Bertrand, W. Huelsnitz, R. Hellauer, A. Van Overloop, S. Yoshida, M. V. D'Agostino, Dirk Ryckbosch, J. Kiryluk, N. Milke, George Japaridze, K. Rawlins, M. J. Larson, Fabian Kislat, S. Schoeneberg, M. Labare, M. Casier, Peter Mészáros, J. Dreyer, Jon Dumm, O. Engdegård, Y. Abdou, T. Waldenmaier, K. Helbing, J. W. Nam, D. J. Boersma, Anatoli Fedynitch, A. Olivas, A. Stoessl, James Madsen, D. R. Nygren, A. Silvestri, Jenni Adams, M. Stamatikos, M. Kowalski, S. Odrowski, S. Bechet, Carsten Rott, Kael Hanson, A. Franckowiak, M. Danninger, H. S. Matis, J. Miller, M. L. Benabderrahmane, D. Z. Besson, Elisa Resconi, J. Berdermann, P. Redl, F. Rothmaier, M. Wallraff, M. Bissok, M. Olivo, T. Kowarik, M. Voge, J. L. Bazo Alba, R. Wasserman, M. Schunck, K. Mase, M. Gurtner, K. Hultqvist, Darren Grant, Xianwu Xu, J. Luenemann, A. Goldschmidt, Karen Andeen, Thomas Meures, Francis Halzen, K. Hoshina, L. Koepke, Matthias Wolf, S. Hickford, A. Schoenwald, H. Landsman, Glenn Spiczak, C. Bohm, Sarah Nowicki, Juanan Aguilar, P. Zarzhitsky, Takao Kuwabara, T. Feusels, M. Merck, Paolo Desiati, Todor Stanev, O. Fadiran, R. G. Stokstad, C. Wendt, R. Wischnewski, Xinhua Bai, Michael S. Bell, Kirill Filimonov, C. Colnard, N. van Eijndhoven, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, J. E. Jacobsen, Marcos Santander, Nathan Whitehorn, S. Panknin, A. Ishihara, C. Pérez de los Heros, U. Naumann, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, Markus Ahlers, L. Gerhardt, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Dariusz Gora, F. Descamps, T. Gluesenkamp, Simona Toscano, Teresa Montaruli, G. Kroll, R. Nahnhauer, R. W. Ellsworth, D. Heereman, Kara Hoffman, Y. Sestayo, A. H. Cruz Silva, Ch. Weaver, J. K. Becker, S. Tilav, S. Hussain, M. Dierckxsens, R. Franke, S. Westerhoff, Wolfgang Rhode, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, H. G. Sander, D. J. Koskinen, T. Griesel, A. Schultes, J. C. Gallagher, Chad Finley, A. Haj Ismail, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, C. Walck, K. Wiebe, M. Ribordy, Christian Spiering, Allan Hallgren, D. Tosi, Sandro Kopper, Chun Xu, Hermann Kolanoski, S. Boeser, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, I. Taboada, S. Flis, S. Seunarine, D. Rutledge, J. A. Goodman, M. Stueer, A. Marotta, B. Hoffmann, H. Taavola, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, K. Han, L. Brayeur, Stijn Buitink, M. Richman, S. M. Movit, Larissa Paul, R. J. Lauer, C. De Clercq, Gerald Przybylski, M. Zoll, T. Degner, R. Morse, Albrecht Karle, David A. Williams, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, J. Blumenthal, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, Olga Botner, Henrik J. Johansson, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, Timo Karg, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, B. Semburg, H. Wissing, J. Auffenberg, A. Tamburro, Daniel Bindig, J. van Santen, Rasha Abbasi, J. Kunnen, J. H. Koehne, F. Clevermann, P. B. Price, T. O. B. Schmidt, T. R. Wood, J. P. Yanez, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, G. W. Sullivan, Dmitry Chirkin, Alexander Kappes, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, C. Ha, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, A. Rizzo, S. H. Seo, J. P. Huelss, J. J. Beatty, J. Posselt, Reina H. Maruyama, E. Jacobi, R. C. Bay, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, A. Homeier, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Daughhetee, B. Ruzybayev, Aongus O'Murchadha, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Michael J. Baker, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, R. Ström, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, Montaruli, Teresa, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Limits, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Capture, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, South-Pole, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, IceCube, High Energy Physics - Experiment, LIMITS, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), SOUTH-POLE, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, ddc:530, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ICE, Detector, Ice, Supersymmetry, CAPTURE, Particles, Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino detector, Neutralino, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A search for an excess of muon-neutrinos from dark matter annihilations in the Sun has been performed with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope using data collected in 812 days of livetime between 2001 and 2006 and 149 days of livetime collected with the AMANDA-II and the 40-string configuration of IceCube during 2008 and early 2009. No excess over the expected atmospheric neutrino background has been observed. We combine these results with the previously published IceCube limits obtained with data taken during 2007 to obtain a total livetime of 1065 days. We provide an upper limit at 90% confidence level on the annihilation rate of captured neutralinos in the Sun, as well as the corresponding muon flux limit at the Earth, both as functions of the neutralino mass in the range 50 GeV-5000 GeV. We also derive a limit on the neutralino-proton spin-dependent and spin-independent cross section. The limits presented here improve the previous results obtained by the collaboration between a factor of two and five, as well as extending the neutralino masses probed down to 50 GeV. The spin-dependent cross section limits are the most stringent so far for neutralino masses above 200 GeV, and well below direct search results in the mass range from 50 GeV to 5 TeV., author list corrected. Full author list added in this website

Published
2011

37. In-situ TEM-investigations of mass transport in 'near-bamboo' Al-interconnects due to electromigration

Author

Dirk Heinen, Herbert Schroeder, and W. Schilling

Subjects
Void (astronomy), Materials science, Condensed matter physics, chemistry, Annealing (metallurgy), Transmission electron microscopy, Aluminium, Vacancy defect, Mass transfer, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Grain boundary, Electromigration
Abstract

Electromigration (EM)-driven mass transport in “near-bamboo” Al-lines, which consist mostly of “blocking grains,” is an important topic of research on ULSI-metallizations. Because the most easy diffusion path, i.e. grain boundaries parallel to the line, is suppressed in bamboo-like Al-lines other paths have to be considered. In this work two other possible paths of diffusion were examined by in-situ observations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For these experiments a special sample holder had to be constructed. One path is EM-driven intragranular diffusion in Al-lines. In this experiment, inert gas-filled voids with a mean diameter of about 10 nm, so-called bubbles, which were created after gas implantation and annealing of the Al-lines, serve as indicators of mass (or vacancy) transport. The in-situ EM-tests reveal no intragranular void motion over a period of more than 100 h at current densities of 1–1.75 MA/cm2 and temperatures of 150–225 °C. This leads to an estimation of the maximum void...

Published
1998

38. In-situ TEM-investigation of stress- and electromigration-induced void formation and growth in passivated Al-interconnects

Author

Dirk Heinen and Herbert Schroeder

Subjects
Void (astronomy), Crystallography, Materials science, Passivation, Annealing (metallurgy), Atmospheric temperature range, Composite material, Electromigration, Current density, Grain size, Isothermal process
Abstract

Detailed statistical data of stress- and electromigration-induced void formation and growth in passivated Al-lines have been evaluated from in-situ TEM experiments for the first time. Experimental parameters such as grain size (0.5 μm to more than 3 μm, i.e. nearly perfect bamboo structure in the lines), relaxation time (0.1 to 20 h) and temperature (20–300 °C) and electromigration current density (without current up to ∼2 MA/cm2) were varied. Some important results are: Void nucleation takes place exclusively at the passivation side walls in a very narrow temperature range about 50 °C below the annealing temperature TA (450 °C–550 °C) on cooling. The growth rate of the relative total void volume in the lines is very dependent on time and temperature during isothermal relaxation consistent with previous data evaluated from macroscopic stress and strain measurements. Although nearly all pre-existing voids change their shape and/or position during an electromigration test the number of voids and their total volume is maintained in excellent agreement with recent X-ray measurements during electromigration testing showing no changes in average strain or stress in the lines.

Published
1998

39. In-Situ Tem-Investigations of Electromigration Induced Mass Transport in 'Near-Bamboo' Al-Interconnects

Author

W. Schilling, Dirk Heinen, and Herbert Schroeder

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Void (astronomy), Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Transmission electron microscopy, Annealing (metallurgy), Vacancy defect, Grain boundary, Diffusion (business), Electromigration
Abstract

Electromigration(EM)-driven mass transport in “near-bamboo” Al-lines, which consist mostly of “blocking grains” is an important topic of research on ULSI-metallizations. Because the most easy diffusion path, i.e. grain boundaries parallel to the line, is suppressed in bamboo-like Al-lines other paths have to be considered. In this work two other possible paths of diffusion were examined by in-situ observations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For these experiments a special sample holder had to be constructed.One path is EM-driven intragranular diffusion in Al-lines. In this experiment, inert gas-filled voids with a mean diameter of about lOnm, so-called bubbles, which were created after gas implantation and annealing of the Al-lines, serve as indicators of mass (or vacancy) transport. The in-situ EM-tests reveal no intragranular void motion over a period of more than 100h at current densities of l-1.75MA/cm2 and temperatures of 150–225°C. This leads to an estimation of the maximum void diffusion velocity which was compared with calculated values of surface and volume diffusion controlled void motion, respectively. The second point of interest was the behavior of dislocations in Al-lines under an applied EM-force. The importance of their observed motion for intragranular mass transport will be discussed.

Published
1997

40. In-Situ Tem-Investigation of Stress- and Electromigration- Induced Void Formation and Growth in Passivated Al-Interconnects

Author

Herbert Schroeder and Dirk Heinen

Subjects
Void (astronomy), Number density, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Relaxation (NMR), Stress relaxation, Microstructure, Electromigration, Current density, Grain size
Abstract

In-situ TEM observations on void formation and growth have been performed in passivated Al-lines in order to collect detailed microstructural data such as void number density, void size distribution, and growth rates as a basis for modelling stress relaxation and electromigration (EM) effects.The samples were 0.5mm long lines of 200nm thick Al with different widths (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4μm) passivated with 200μm thick SiNx. Additional experimental parameters were average grain size (0.5μm to more than 3μm, i.e. nearly perfect bamboo structure in the lines), relaxation time (0.1 to 20h) and temperature (20 – 300°C) and electromigration current density (without current up to ∼2MA/cm2).Measurements without current reveal that stress induced voids– develop after a temperature step of 50°C during cooling from 450°C and above. Upon heating from RT they start shrinking at 150°C and disappear completely at 350°C.– decrease in number and total relative volume but have constant mean void size with increasing number n of temperature cycles (n < 4)– show a strong dependence of their total relative volume on the microstructure (grain size, bamboo structure) which is strongly dependent on the anealing temperature for T ≥450° C.– show growth rates during isothermal annealing which are very dependent on relaxation time and temperature.Additional measurement with an applied electrical current, i.e. during an EM-test, show that nearly all the preexisting stress-induced voids– change their shapes and positions. This is dependent on electrical current density and time. Their frequently observed motion along the line (against the electron wind) was not neccessarily stopped by so-called blocking grains, i.e. grains without boundaries parallel to the line.– slightly change their total number but nearly maintain their total relative volume which is independent of current density or time.The collected statistical microstructural data are in good agreement with macroscopic stress relaxation results by wafer curvature and X-ray diffraction and recent in-situ stress measurement during an EM-test.

Published
1997

41. Acoustic properties of glacial ice for neutrino detection and the Enceladus Explorer

Author

Helbing, K., Hoffmann, R., Naumann, U., Eliseev, D., Dirk Heinen, Scholz, F., Wiebusch, C., and Zierke, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

Ultra high energy neutrinos may be observed in ice by the emission of acoustic signals. The SPATS detector has investigated the possibility of observing GZK-neutrinos in the clear ice near the South Pole at the IceCube detector site. To explore other potential detection sites glacial ice in the Alps and in Antarctica has been surveyed for its acoustical properties. The purpose of the Enceladus Explorer (EnEx), on the other hand, is the search for extraterrestrial life on the Saturn moon Enceladus. Here acoustics is used to maneuver a subsurface probe inside the ice by trilateration of signals. A system of acoustic transducers has been developed to study both applications. In the south polar region of the moon Enceladus there are secluded crevasses. These are filled with liquid water, probably heated by tidal forces due to the short distance to Saturn. We intend to take a sample of water from these crevasses by using a combination of a melt down and steering probe called IceMole (IM). Maneuvering IM requires a good understanding of ice properties such as the speed of sound, the attenuation of acoustic signals in ice, their directional dependencies and their dependence on different frequencies. The technology developed for this positioning system could also contribute to the design of future large scale acoustic neutrino detectors. We present our analysis methods and the findings on attenuation, sound speed, and frequency response obtained at several sites in the Alps and Antarctica., 7 pages, 12 figures, ICRC 2015

42. Search for ultrahigh-energy tau neutrinos with IceCube

Author

Karen Andeen, H. Landsman, M. Krasberg, D. Heereman, K. Hoshina, Jon Dumm, J. J. Beatty, T. Feusels, Glenn Spiczak, T. Waldenmaier, Thomas Meures, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, M. W. E. Smith, S. Yoshida, J. Posselt, M. Kowalski, J. E. Jacobsen, R. Nahnhauer, M. Merck, M. Danninger, D. Z. Besson, Nathan Whitehorn, A. Stößl, U. Naumann, Anatoli Fedynitch, Reina H. Maruyama, M. Stüer, Marcos Santander, P. Heimann, L. Brayeur, J. A. Goodman, Thorsten Glusenkamp, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Kara Hoffman, N. van Eijndhoven, R. Ström, L. Schulte, L. Gerhardt, A. H. Cruz Silva, I. Taboada, Dariusz Gora, Simona Toscano, S. Odrowski, Larissa Paul, E. Jacobi, M. V. D'Agostino, R. W. Ellsworth, T. Abu-Zayyad, Peter Mészáros, G. Kroll, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, S. Flis, W. Huelsnitz, S. Seunarine, M. Casier, Xinhua Bai, S. Hussain, Albrecht Karle, A. Schönwald, D. J. Boersma, D. J. Koskinen, J. Lünemann, S. H. Seo, D. Rutledge, J. Kiryluk, Juanan Aguilar, Takao Kuwabara, Kael Hanson, Matthias Wolf, R. C. Bay, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, B. Christy, Seth M. Cohen, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, Markus Ahlers, C. Ha, A. Ishihara, K. Helbing, Gerald Przybylski, K. Mase, M. Zoll, S. Schöneberg, Wolfgang Rhode, P. B. Price, P. Berghaus, A. Olivas, S. Westerhoff, Ch. Weaver, T. O. B. Schmidt, M. Labare, M. Scheel, Paolo Desiati, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. Wischnewski, Chad Finley, K. Rawlins, S. Tilav, J. Feintzeig, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, M. J. Larson, T. R. Wood, S. Euler, Stijn Buitink, F. Rothmaier, J. Kunnen, Timo Karg, Kurt Woschnagg, Donglian Xu, A. Tamburro, Fabian Kislat, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, M. Ribordy, Paul Evenson, J. K. Becker, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, James Madsen, R. Wasserman, M. Schunck, D. Bose, M. Stamatikos, K. Hultqvist, Darren Grant, S. Panknin, K. Beattie, A. Van Overloop, Dmitry Chirkin, J. van Santen, A. Schultes, Sarah Nowicki, Alexander Kappes, Damian Pieloth, A. M. Brown, A. Franckowiak, A. Haj Ismail, H. S. Matis, J. C. Gallagher, A. Silvestri, Henrik J. Johansson, Subir Sarkar, O. Schulz, Jenni Adams, Axel Groß, E. A. Strahler, A. Goldschmidt, Francis Halzen, R. Morse, Christian Spiering, Teresa Montaruli, B. Hoffmann, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, L. Köpke, H. Taavola, Allan Hallgren, Sandro Kopper, F. Clevermann, E. Blaufuss, J. C. Davis, J. P. Rodrigues, T. Stezelberger, Y. Sestayo, Hermann Kolanoski, N. Milke, George Japaridze, R. Hellauer, K.-H. Becker, Matt Dunkman, O. Engdegård, T. Fischer-Wasels, J. P. Yanez, S. Bechet, A. Schukraft, K. Laihem, P. Redl, G. W. Sullivan, S. M. Movit, Dirk Ryckbosch, M. Olivo, J. W. Nam, Elisa Resconi, J. Berdermann, Naoko Kurahashi, Michael S. Bell, H. G. Sander, Kirill Filimonov, J. Dreyer, D. Bertrand, Y. Abdou, D. R. Nygren, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, S. Hickford, M. Gurtner, R. G. Stokstad, Chun Xu, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, J. Blumenthal, Olga Botner, V. Baum, C. Pérez de los Heros, K. Wiebe, Carsten Rott, J. Miller, M. Bissok, Xianwu Xu, C. Bohm, Benedikt Riedel, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, B. Semburg, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, J. Auffenberg, Daniel Bindig, Rasha Abbasi, Todor Stanev, C. Wendt, F. Descamps, R. Franke, C. Walck, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, M. Richman, R. J. Lauer, C. De Clercq, T. Degner, S. Böser, David A. Williams, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, Aongus O'Murchadha, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Michael J. Baker, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, A. Homeier, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Daughhetee, B. Ruzybayev, Aguilar Sanchez, Juan, and Montaruli, Teresa

Subjects
SELECTION, AMANDA, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, INDUCED CASCADES, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, PROPAGATION, Astrophysics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Amanda, 0103 physical sciences, EARTH, ddc:530, Ultrahigh energy, 010306 general physics, Propagation, Selection, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Earth, Physics and Astronomy, Induced Cascades, TELESCOPES, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Telescopes
Abstract

The first dedicated search for ultrahigh-energy (UHE) tau neutrinos of astrophysical origin was performed using the IceCube detector in its 22-string configuration with an instrumented volume of roughly 0.25 km3. The search also had sensitivity to UHE electron and muon neutrinos. After application of all selection criteria to approximately 200 live-days of data, we expect a background of 0.60±0.19(stat)+0.56−0.58(syst) events and observe three events, which after inspection, emerge as being compatible with background but are kept in the final sample. Therefore, we set an upper limit on neutrinos of all flavors from UHE astrophysical sources at 90% C.L. of E2νΦ90(νx)

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