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Straipsnyje analizuojama priklausomybės nuo alkoholio problema ir sveikimo galimybės anoniminių alkoholikų savipagalbos grupėje (AA). Į problemą žvelgiama sisteminiu požiūriu, aktualizuojamas biopsichosocialinis kontekstas. Teoriškai pagrindžiamos priklausomybės ir gyvenimo kokybės sampratos, pateikiami empirinio tyrimo rezultatai. Giluminio interviu duomenys atskleidžia, jog į priklausomybės „spąstus“ dažnai patenkama vaikystėje, kai perimamas psichosocialinis šeimos modelis. Savipagalbos grupėje, grindžiamoje 12 žingsnių ir tradicijų programa, vyksta nuolatinis dvasinio sveikimo procesas, pastebimi pozityvūs gyvenimo kokybės pokyčiai. The issue of alcohol addiction is one of the most pressing in contemporary society as it causes an effect in the context of poverty, violence and suicidal behaviour. After the restoration of Lithuania‘s Independence a new helping profession such as social worker appeared: they were expected to provide professional help to people in order to help them find inner motivation for positive socialization or re-socialization. The issue of alcohol addiction/dependence was first viewed systemically, with the understanding of the need for systemic help: social, psychological, spiritual and medical. Long-term rehabilitation centres have been created and self-help groups formed: those of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Al-anon (self – help groups for friends and families who have relatives suffering from alcohol) and ACA (Adult Children of Alcoholics self-help group). The article analyzes the quality of life changes in an Alcoholics Anonymous self-help group. Qualitative survey data are presented in this article. Six life stories of people attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) self-help groups are provided. The age of the participants ranges from 31 to 58. The main criterion to participate in the research is: people who have or have had problems because of alcohol usage and who are Alcoholics Anonymous self-help group (AA) participants that have reached Step 12. This means they are ready to spread the message about recovering from this abuse to people who suffer from it. Deep analysis interview has been used to collect the data. Interview notional blocks are: 1) childhood experiences; 2) addiction to alcohol period and crisis; 3) changes of life quality when attending AA groups. The study data have been provided using content analysis through the deduction method. The theoretical basis is a systematic approach to a person in the course of his life‘ spiritual concepts and stages of recovery (May, 2004; Linn, Linn, 2003; Kubler-Ross, 2008) and the theory of integrated life quality (Ventegodt, Merrick, Andersen, 2003). The most important aspect of the study of ethics is cultural sensitivity and the principle of confideciality. The study was held from January to February of the year 2015. The study revealed that alcoholism is a problem which often causes concern with its consequences. And this is like a vicious circle. This addiction provides assumptions for social isolation to alcohol addicted people. In the stage of addiction the quality of life suffers. The study reveales that in the process of life change people overcome all the spiritual recovery stages: denial, anger, negotiation, depression and resignation. During the visits to AA self-help groups the life of people changes dramatically. They start seeing the meaning of life, feel life satisfaction and are happy again. The created psychological freedom and security environment context in AA self-help groups meets human needs, improves social skills and leads to better physical health. That is why it can be stated that self-help groups directly contribute to the quality of life for people with alcohol dependance problem.

Smurtą šeimoje patyrusios moterys patiria sunkią traumą, kuriai įveikti dažniausiai reikalinga aplinkinių pagalba. Po trauminių įvykių moterys abejoja savimi ir kitais, jų savigarba būna pažeista pažeminimo, kaltės, bejėgiškumo patirčių. Pagalbos smurtą šeimoje patyrusioms moterims procese labai svarbu yra palaikymas, empatija, dėmesingumas, paramos, saugumo jausmo suteikimas, supratimas, išklausymas bei galios atkūrimas, siekiant įgalinti moterį savarankiškai priimti sprendimus ir jaustis svarbia, atsakinga už save, keičiant elgesį, vertybes bei požiūrį į save ir kitus. Šio straipsnio tikslas – ištirti smurtą šeimoje patyrusių ir / ar patiriančių moterų resocializacijos galimybes krizių centre. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas taikant kokybinius duomenų rinkimo ir apdorojimo metodus. Apklaustos 5 respondentės naudojant interviu metodą. Tyrimo duomenys rodo, jog smurtą patyrusios moterys išgyvena 5 emocinių žaizdų gijimo etapus: neigimą, pyktį, derėjimąsi, depresiją ir išsivadavimą, kurių metu keičiasi moterų elgesys, vertybinės nuostatos, požiūris į save ir kitus, trauminę situaciją. Iš bejėgių, uždarų, kaltinančių save ir kitus, jos tampa drąsiomis, laisvomis, savimi pasitikinčiomis, savarankiškomis, galinčiomis gyventi be smurto. Vadinasi, galima teigti, kad gyvenimas krizių centre padeda smurtą patyrusioms moterims resocializuotis. This article should reveal the resocialization of women who have experienced and/or are experienced violence in family in the context or experience of the centre of crisis. Women who have experienced violence in the family suffer difficult trauma to overcome which they frequently need help from people living in the neighbourhood. After traumatic events women are doubting of themselves and others, their selfrespect is usually broken by humiliation, fault, experiences of helplessness. In the process of help for women who have experienced violence in the family especially important are support, empathy, attention, maintenance, rendering the feeling of safety, comprehension, complying their requests and the restoration of power trying to enable a woman to make decisions independently and feeling important, responsible for herself, changing behaviour, material and spiritual values and the standpoint to herself and others. The purpose of the investigation is to research the possibilities of resocialization of women who have experienced and/or are experiencing violence in the family in the centre of crisis. The methods of investigation: interviews. There are questioned 5 respondents using the method of the interview. The data of the investigation show that women who have experienced violence suffer 5 stages of emotional wounds: negation, anger, negotiations, depression and emancipation, during which change behaviour of women, attitude of material and spiritual values, standpoint to themselves and others, traumatic situation. From helpless, reserved, accusing themselves and others they become courageous, free, self – confident, independent, who are able to live without violence. It is possible to affirm that life in the centre of crises helps women who have experienced violence to resocialize.

Introduction: There are many contrary attitudes about peculiarities of help-providing professions including health care, education, social work; their goals of collaboration and possibilities in Lithuania. Aim: The main goal of this paper was to investigate possibilities and preconditions for the supervision as “tool” for constructing professional identity self-management by analyzing the risk of stress and expectations of support on the basis of social workers’ professional experience. The objectives were: 1) to disclose the experience of painful events in the professional activity of social workers, like a challenge to act or as a threat; 2) to analyze social workers’ attitude to the expectations of support and the ability to use the supportive collaboration; 3) to underline the tendencies and prospects of the application of supervision as a method, that stimulates reflection and provides a possibility to reconsider and identify complexity of professional situations as well as personal experience. Method: This paper presents the results of the research where 81 social-servicesproviding institutions took part. Results: Data showed that social workers in regular activity mostly emphasize lack of support, and just emotional one. The need for the supervisor’s enabling support tended to increase depending on one’s competence. However, this was less expressed than the need for enabling support of the family. Those conclusions are significant in terms of the development of collaboration based on personal relationships and supervision.

Straipsnyje analizuojama socialinio darbo kaip profesijos sudėtingumo problema, aktualizuojama paramą teikiančio bendradarbiavimo situacija dinamiškame socialinio darbo procese. Numatoma mokymosi iš patirties kaip besimokančios visuomenės sąlygos perspektyva, aptariami paramą teikiančio bendradarbiavimo trukdžiai, analizuojama supervizijos (profesinių santykių klausimais) taikymo socialinio darbo teorijos ir praktikos plėtotei galimybė. The article analyses the problem of the complexity of social work as a profession, actualises the situation of assistance providing collaboration in the process of dynamic social work. In parallel, the perspective of learning from personal experience as a condition of learning society is outlined, barriers to assistance providing collaboration are discussed, a possibility for application of supervision (consulting about professional relations) to the development of social work theory and practice is analysed.

Straipsnyje teoriniame ir empiriniame lygmenyse nagrinėjamas supervizijų socialiniame darbe teikimas. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje pristatomas supervizijų socialiniame darbe teorinis modelis, antroje dalyje atskleidžiama supervizavimo proceso praktinė patirtis. Taikant supervizijas socialinio darbo praktikoje, iš naujo apsvarstomas profesinio darbo kompleksiškumas, perduodamos ir naujai peržiūrimos profesinės žinios, vertybės bei įgūdžiai, suteikiama emocinė parama supervizuojamajam. Remiantis holistiniu požiūriu, supervizija apima keturias dalis: institucija, supervizorius, supervizuojamasis ir klientas. Supervizijų kultūra ir tradicijos veikia socialinį darbuotoją ir institucijos sistemą, ir atvirkščiai. Taip supervizija skatina socialinio darbo pokyčius tam tikroje sociokultūrinėje aplinkoje. Šiuo metu Lietuvoje intensyviai formuojasi supervizijos paslaugų teikimas socialinio darbo praktikoje ir socialinio darbo profesija, kuomet integruojant kitų šalių patirtį kuriama autentiška sistema, būdinga Lietuvos sociokultūrinei situacijai. Supervizijų teikimas socialinio darbo studijų proceso metu leidžia ugdyti specialistą, pasirengusį priimti supervizijos paslaugą kaip profesinės raidos formą. Supervizija padeda susieti skirtingus socialinio darbo lygius: mokslą, studijas ir praktiką. Vienas iš pamatinių supervizijos proceso elementų yra kūrybiškumas. Supervizavimo proceso metu vyksta nenuspėjami ir nenumatyti pokyčiai bei sąveikos, kurios nustebina ir supervizorių, ir supervizuojamąjį. Ši patirtis gali būti įgyjama tik autonomiško, patyriminio mokymosi metu. The article examines provision of supervisions in social work at theoretical and empirical levels. Part one of the article introduces a theoretical model of supervisions in social work and part two reveals practical experience of the supervision process. By applying supervisions in the practice of social work, the complexity of professional work is re-considered; professional knowledge, values and skills are passed on and reviewed; and emotional support is provided for the supervised. Following the holistic approach, supervision comprises four parts: an institution, a supervisor, the supervised and a client. The culture and traditions of supervision have an impact on a social worker and the institutional system, and vice versa. In this way supervision encourages social work changes in a certain sociocultural environment. Currently, intensive formation of the provision of supervision services in social work practice and the profession of social work is under way in Lithuania, when by integrating the experience of other countries, an authentic system typical of the sociocultural situation in Lithuania is being built. Provision of supervision in the process of studies of social work enables educating a specialist who is ready to accept the service of supervision as a form of professional development. Supervision helps to relate different levels of social work: science, studies and practice. One of the fundamental elements of the supervision process is creativity. During the supervision process, unpredictable and unforeseen changes and interactions take place, which surprise both the supervisor and the supervised. This experience can be gained during autonomous experience learning only.

Straipsnyje aktualizuojama supervizija kaip veiksminga socialinio darbo inovacija. Remiantis mokslo ir studijų fondo finansuoto tyrimo duomenimis ir supervizijos praktika, yra pateikiamos įžvalgos apie supervizijos, kaip profesinių santykių konsultavimo metodo, taikymo būtinybę ir galimybes Lietuvos socialinio darbo profesinėje veikloje. The method of supervision is grounded with the experiential learning and developing competence of reflection. Supervision could be characterized in one essential feature which is relevant to social work practice. The implementation of supervision in order to develop the professional competencies of social workers is particularly new in Lithuania. The aim of the study is to identify the need of the development social workers professional competencies considering the complexity of their professional situation. According this study, there is prepared the supervision implementation model. The study questions are: 1) With which internal (peculiarities, the lack of competencies, stress, the conflicts between professional and personal identity) and external (the working conditions, the Professional relationships with colleagues and managers, the power manifestation conflicts) obstacles social workers face in the different fields of social work? 2) What resources of professional competencies (the ways of the support) do the social workers recognize? 3) What needs are for development of the Professional competencies are highlighted by social workers? 4) How do the social workers react to the changes in the professional situations and how do they adapt their professional behavior and relationship with colleagues and clients in the process of the decision making? 5) What possibilities for development of the professional competencies the social workers identify in regarding with the... [to full text]

Socialinis darbas Lietuvos ir pasaulio mokslininkų darbuose yra tyrinėjamas trimis aspektais – kaip praktika, studijos ir mokslas. Lietuvoje socialinis darbas yra formavimosi, naujų žinių konstravimo etape visose šiose srityse. Tokios kompleksinės inovacijos įvertinimas yra ypač reikšmingas kaip būtina jos tęstinumo ir kokybės užtikrinimo sąlyga. Supervizijos metodas pasižymi esminiu bruožu, aktualiu socialiniam darbui. Jis pagrįstas mokymusi ir reflektavimo gebėjimų lavinimu. Todėl supervizija gali efektyviai prisidėti prie socialinio darbo, kaip naujos profesinės veiklos, įvertinimo ir kokybiškos socialinio darbo praktikos kūrimo. Supervizijos metodo taikymas plėtojant profesines kompetencijas yra naujas reiškinys Lietuvoje. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomi Valstybinio mokslo ir studijų fondo finansuoto ir straipsnio autoriaus atlikto tyrimo rezultatai. Tyrimo tikslas – identifikuoti socialinių darbuotojų kompetencijos plėtotės poreikį, atsižvelgiant į profesinės situacijos sudėtingumą, pagrįsti ir parengti supervizijos metodo taikymo modelį. Siekiama identifikuoti Lietuvos socialinių darbuotojų profesines situacijas ir atskleisti supervizijos metodo taikymo galimybes Lietuvos socialinio darbo aplinkose, plėtojant socialinių darbuotojų kompetencijas. Straipsnyje pristatomas galutinis tyrimo rezultatas – parengtas supervizijos metodo taikymo modelis sprendžiant socialinių darbuotojų profesines situacijas. Lithuanian and foreign scientists analyse social work with regard to three aspects – as practical activities, as studies and as a science. In Lithuania, social work is in the stage of formation and knowledge construction in all these fields. The evaluation of such a complex innovation is very significant as a condition necessary to assure its continuity and quality. The method of supervision is characterised for its key feature relevant for social work. It is based on the development of learning and reflecting abilities. Therefore, supervision may efficiently contribute to social work as creation of a new professional activity. The application of the supervision method when developing professional competences is a new phenomenon in Lithuania. This article presents the results of a research financed from the State Science and Study Fund and implemented by the author of the article. The aim of the research is to identify the need for development of competences of social workers with regard to the complexity of a professional situation, to ground or prepare a model of application of the supervision method. The author seeks to identify professional situations of Lithuanian social workers, to reveal the possibilities for application of the supervision method in the environment of Lithuanian social work by developing competences of social workers. The article presents the final result of the research: a developed model of application of the supervision method while dealing with professional situations of social workers.

Straipsnyje analizuojama socialinių darbuotojų, teikiančių pagalbą prekybos žmonėmis aukoms, supervizijos (supervizuojamojo pozicija) patirtis. Aktualizuojama socialinio darbo, kaip pagalbos žmogui profesijos, sudėtingumo problema, susitelkiant į ypatingą profesinės veiklos lauką – socialinės pagalbos teikimą prekybos žmonėmis aukoms; akcentuojamos metodologinės supervizijos, kaip profesinių santykių konsultavimo paslaugos, prieigos, remiantis supervizijos praktika. This article analyses supervision experience of social workers providing support to victims of trafficking in people. The article reveals the complexity of the problem of social work while providing support to victims of trafficking in people. The topicality of supervision as consulting on professional relations service in social work practice is based on the analysis of scientific literature. The qualitative research performed in 2007-2008 while implementing the pilot Project of Northern Baltic countries is presented here. Experiential material of this research applying structured interview method was received from 24 social workers that had participated in individual supervisions. Research results revealed interactional relation between a social worker, his client and social work conditions. Respondents highlighted inadequate public attitude on social assistance to victims of human trafficking, which complicates the process of client empowerment, determines insularity and dissociation of victims of trafficking in a help process. Research results revealed experience of supervised on implementation of supervision functions and tasks. It is possible to generalise that supervision induces to search of new work forms, to realise and reveal tensions between personal and professional experience.

Straipsnyje analizuojama socialinių darbuotojų, teikiančių pagalbą prekybos žmonėmis aukoms, supervizijos patirtis. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama socialinio darbo sudėtingumo problema susitelkiant į socialinės pagalbos teikimą prekybos žmonėmis aukoms. Supervizijos kaip profesinio konsultavimo paslaugos socialinio darbo praktikoje aktualumas grindžiamas mokslinės literatūros analize. Kokybinis tyrimas atliktas 2007-2008 m., įgyvendinant Šiaurės Baltijos šalių bandomąjį projektą. Tyrimo imtį sudarė individualias supervizijas gavusios 24 socialinės darbuotojos, naudotasi struktūruoto interviu metodu. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė interakcinį ryšį tarp socialinio darbuotojo, jo kliento ir socialinio darbo aplinkybių. Respondentai pabrėžė neadekvatų visuomenės požiūrį į socialinės pagalbos teikimą prekybos žmonėmis aukoms, kuris apsunkina kliento įgalinimo procesą, verčia prekybos žmonėmis aukas užsidaryti, atsiriboti, mėginant joms teikti pagalbą. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė supervizuojamųjų patirtį apie supervizijos funkcijų ir užduočių atliktį. Tai leidžia apibendrinti, kad supervizija skatina ieškoti naujų darbo formų, suvokti bei atskleisti asmeninės ir profesinės patirties įtampas. This article analyses supervision experience of social workers providing support to victims of trafficking in people. The article reveals the complexity of the problem of social work while providing support to victims of trafficking in people. The topicality of supervision as consulting on professional relations service in social work practice is based on the analysis of scientific literature. The qualitative research performed in 2007-2008 while implementing the pilot Project of Northern Baltic countries is presented here. Experiential material of this research applying structured interview method was received from 24 social workers that had participated in individual supervisions. Research results revealed interactional relation between a social worker, his client and social work conditions. Respondents highlighted inadequate public attitude on social assistance to victims of human trafficking, which complicates the process of client empowerment, determines insularity and dissociation of victims of trafficking in a help process. Research results revealed experience of supervised on implementation of supervision functions and tasks. It is possible to generalise that supervision induces to search of new work forms, to realise and reveal tensions between personal and professional experience.

Theory and practice relation, i.e. competence to apply theoretical knowledge in practice assures better self-regulation skills. Ability to relate theory and practice is characteristic of the respondents with university education (masters and bachelors), they have better self-regulation skills. They have formed reflection skills and are ready to accept a supervision service they get familiar with in the process of studies and during their practice. Supervision as the possibility to develop professional competences of a social worker is important to those respondents that are already ready to accept it and supervision should help them to form and develop reflection skills as a preventive measure of a “burn out syndrome”.

Straipsnyje analizuojama smurto prieš vaikus šeimoje problema. Į šeimą žvelgiama sisteminiu požiūriu, aktualizuojant vaiko socializacijos šeimoje įtaką tolesnei asmenybės raidai. Numatoma resocializacijos perspektyva, atpažįstant ir įvardinant problemą; remiamasi tėvų, augusių problemiškoje šeimoje, patirtimis. Smurto problema analizuojama iš įgalinimo perspektyvos, aktualizuojant savipagalbos grupių veiklą. Pokyčiai visuomenėje, vertybių kaita atkreipia dėmesį bei įvardija jau seniai egzistuojančias ir naujai atsirandančias socialinės rizikos grupes. Tai žmonių grupės, kurioms dėl įvairių priežasčių apriboti psichosocialiniai poreikiai. Viena iš socialinės rizikos grupių, talpinanti savyje kompleksinį problemų pobūdį - socialinės rizikos šeimos. Šioms šeimoms būdingos priklausomybių, skurdo, smurto, bedarbystės, suicidinės rizikos ir kt. problemos. Tyrimo problema. Vaikai, augantys socialinės rizikos šeimose, perima problemišką elgesio bei santykių modelį, tai gali negatyviai veikti ne tik jų, bet ir jų vaikų gyvenimą. Susidaro uždaras problemų ratas Vaikystėje patirto smurto pasekmės - kaltės jausmas, žema savigarba bei savivertė ir kt. Tai bruožai, vėliau galintys tapti sudėtingų psichosocialinių problemų ištaka Tyrimo objektas, vaikų, patyrusių smurtą šeimoje, resocializacija; tyrimo tikslas, atskleisti vaikų, patyrusių smurtą šeimoje, resocializacijos galimybes, remiantis tėvų patirtimis. Tyrimo metodas, interviu. Interviu planas ir tyrimo duomenų analizė konstruojama remiantis Woititz (1999) pristatyta suaugusių alkoholikų (nedarniose šeimose augusių) vaikų charakteristika bei gyvenimo etapais - „Koks buvai vaikas?", „Koks tu dabar?", „Tavo vaikai?", „Kaip pralaužti užburtą ratą?", „Kaip sveikstama?". Straipsnyje pateikiamos teorinės smurto prieš vaikus šeimoje prielaidos, aktualizuojant resocializacijos proceso teorinius modelius; pateikiama tyrimo duomenų analizė, siekiant atskleisti vaikų, patyrusių smurtą šeimoje, resocializacijos galimybes, remiantis tėvų patirtimis. Tyrimas atskleidė, jog smurtą patiriančių šeimoje vaikų tėvai patys vaikystėje augo nedarniose šeimose ir perėmė daugelį nedarnių šeimų vaikams būdingų bruožų: žema savivertė, vienatvės bei beviltiškumo jausmas, gynybiškas elgesys, „užšaldyti jausmai - šiuos bruožus jie perduoda savo vaikams, nes vaikystėje nematė darnios šeimos modelio; neretai pavyksta nutraukti „užburtą ratą" tik atsidūrus kančios ir siaubo „dugne"; nedarnioje šeimoje įgyta patirtis trukdo rasti resursų, kad paspartinti sveikimo procesą; sunku vykdyti smurtą patiriančių šeimoje vaikų resocializaciją atsietai nuo šeimos - nesikeičiant tėvams, sunku sveikti ir vaikui; tėvai kartu su savo vaikais „augdami", mokydamiesi, rasdami žinių, gali pasiekti gerų rezultatų, nes mokytis niekada nėra vėlu; efektyvi pagalba vaikams ir tėvams teikiama savipagalbos grupėse (Al - anon, Al - Ateen, SAV), kuomet sudaromos sąlygos atsiverti naujoms vertybėms ir keisti susiformavusius elgesio modelius. The article analyses the issue of violence against children in their families. Family is viewed from a systemic point of view, focussing on the impact of child's socialization in the family on the further development of child's personality. The prospect of resocialization is designed by recognizing and identifying the' problem; the experience of parents who grew up in problematic families is used. The issue of violence is analysed from the perspective of enabling, with the help of self-assistance group activities. The research problem. Children raised in discordant families frequently transfer the model of their family to their marriage. Such children are characterized by low self-esteem; "frozen feelings"; distrust of themselves and their environment; belief that they are different from others; the probability of marrying a person familiar due to the model of their own family (an alcoholic, a violator, etc.); when grown up, they develop addiction to another person, alcohol, or work; and they are afraid of situations they can not control. The fbcusi resocialization of children who experienced violence in their families. The aim: to disclose the resocialization oportunities for children who experienced violence in their families on the basis of parent experience. The article presents theoretical prerequisites of violence against children in the family by highlighting the theoretical models of the resocialization process; the analysis of the research data is presented with the aim of disclosing resocialization oportunities for children, who experienced violence in their families, on the basis of parent experience. Methods: interview. The plan of the interview and the analysis of the research data were designed on the basis of the characteristics and the life stages of adult children who grew up in the families of alcoholics or in discordant families as provided by Woititz (1999). The results of the research confirmed the data that children from discordant families, on having married, handed on the behaviour model of their own discordant family to their children. Therefore, the recovery is to be a complex process: with the parents recovering, their children will recover, too. However, before that, the vicious circle of violence is to be broken, and the existence of the problem is to be admitted. Sometimes it is possible only after hitting the bottom of suffering and spiritual pain (father's molesting of daughter, etc). Both children and adults who experienced violence feel guilt, helplessness, and distrust of the environment in looking for help. That has been confirmed by case studies. The process of resocialization takes place simultaneously with the overcoming of the stages of spiritual recovery: denial, anger, negotiation, depression, and reconciliation. It would be difficult to imagine successful resocialization of children who experienced violence by dissociating the organized help from family as a system. In the recovery of the family, spiritual aspect acquires special significance.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama socialinio darbo, kaip naujos ir sparčiai besiformuojančios pagalbos žmogui, profesijos Lietuvoje sudėtingumo problema. Aktualizuojama profesinio streso rizika ir paramos lūkesčiai; nagrinėjama gebėjimo pasinaudoti teikiama pagalba, patyrus sunkumų profesiniame ir asmeniniame lygmenyse, patirtis. Projektuojama supervizijos, kaip refleksiją skatinančio metodo, leidžiančio permąstyti ir įvardyti sudėtingas profesines situacijas ir asmeninę patirtį, taikymo tendencijos ir perspektyvos. Tyrimo problema ir jos analizė pateikiama remiantis Lietuvos socialinių darbuotojų profesine patirtimi, atsižvelgiant į Lietuvos sociokultūrinę situaciją. The article analyses the issue of a complex character of social work as a new and intensively developing profession of help to people. The risk of professional stress and expectations of support are highlighted; and the experience of the ability to use the help offered after experiencing stress on the personal and professional levels is analysed. The tendencies and prospects of the application of supervision as a method that stimulates reflection and provides a possibility to reconsider and identify complex professional situations and personal experience are modelled. The problem of the current research and its analysis arc presented on the basis of professional experience of Lithuanian social workers in the context of Lithuanian socio-cultural situation.

The article discloses the model of preparing for future teacher's profession, also the main principles and structure of this model, its possibilities applying into practice, training future teacher's national self-consciousness, developing the features of personality. This is according to the natural pedagogic experiments, material of research, implemented at Klaipėda Higher Pedagogical School (in the years 1990-1997). The problem of the research: nationality cultivation preparing the future teachers. The aim of research: to decide the meaning of the national training model of personality features extension and national self-consciousness for future teachers. The object of research: students’ national training in at Higher Pedagogical School. The selection of the research object selection was settled by applying the nature of professional studies in Higher Pedagogical School, that includes suitable conditions for conforming to formal and additional non-formal training, and for putting into practice the national principle.

Since 2018, social work with families at social risk in Lithuania had a fundamental change, Previously known as social risk families became cases and a new specialist – a case manager – was assigned to each family. Although the case manager coordinates the assistance to the family, the role of the social worker has remained significant in this process. The object of the study is social workers professional roles changes when providing assistance to a family at social risk. The aim of the study is to investigate the social workers professional roles changes when providing assistance to a family at social risk the context of systemic changes. Objectives: 1. To provide a theoretical interpretation of social workers professional roles changes when providing assistance to a family at social risk in the context of systemic changes; 2. To analyse and justify the methodological aspects of social workers professional roles changes when providing assistance to a family at social risk. 3. To experience the change of social workers professional roles changes when providing assistance to a family at social risk in the context of systemic change from the social workers' point of view. Key findings: before to the application of Case Management, social workers tended to take on the roles of client identifier, coordinator, data manager, assessor, administrator, liaison worker. After the application of Case Management, the roles of behaviour modifier and facilitator became particularly relevant. Before to the application of Case Management, all areas of social work were perceived as effective by the research participants. After the application of the Case Management, the areas of social work were seen as even more effective, mostly the assessment of individual family needs, effective and efficient planning of family support, effective cooperation with other institutions and professionals, and effective social work with the family. Before the application of Case Management, social workers mainly cooperated with the local community, school social pedagogues, specialists from the local municipality administration and specialists from medical institutions. After the application of Case Management, social workers' cooperation with many types of professionals has significantly decreased, social workers cooperate mainly with the care centre coordinator and the mobile team.

Egzistuoja barjeras tarp asmenų, grįžusiųjų iš laisvės atėmimo vietų ir visuomenės. Tokie asmenys dažnai palūžta, pradeda svaigintis ir vėl nusikalsta. Reikalingas socialinis, dvasinis palaikymas, suteikiantis tikėjimo savo jėgomis, pasitikėjimo aplinka. Resocializacijos procese įgalinimas, pasitelkiant bendruomenę, yra efektyvus ir sėkmingas būdas padėti šiems asmenims. There is a barrier between imprisonment returnees and society, therefore such persons often fall apart, start self intoxication and reoffends, therefore, on purpose to help imprisonment returnees, it is needed to support them spiritually, to stimulate self-confidence and belief in their inner power. During resocialization process, empowerment, invoking community, is an effective and successful way to help those people.

M. Popova. Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinės integracijos problema socialinio darbo kontekste. Socialinio darbo magistro studijų programos baigiamasis darbas. Darbo vadovas Prof. dr. E. Acienė, Klaipėdos universitetas: Klaipėda, 2011. – 99 p. Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinė integracija- viena aktualiausių šiandienės visuomenės problemų, nes Atsižvelgiant į skaičiaus mažėjimo tendenciją, ateinančiais metais imigracijos didėjimas Lietuvoje yra galimas ir būtinas. Imigrantų integracija yra labai svarbi socialinei sanglaudai ir ekonominei plėtrai. Kad imigrantai galėtų jaustis mūsų visuomenės dalimi, privalome su jais elgtis sąžiningai ir užtikrinti jiems tinkamas visaverčio dalyvavimo mūsų visuomenėse priemones. Integracija yra nuolatinis, dvikryptis procesas, pagrįstas imigrantų ir Lietuvos visuomenės savitarpio teisėmis bei atitinkamomis pareigomis. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą buvo pasirinktas tyrimo objektas – trečiųjų šalių piliečių integracijos problemos vertinimas. Tyrimo tikslas – Įšanalizuoti Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinės integracijos problemą.. Tyrimo metodas: mokslinės literatūros analizė, kiekybinis tyrimas, taikant anketinį apklausos metodą bei kokybinis tyrimas, taikant interviu. Analizuojant pirmą uždavinį-migracijos teorinį diskursą įvertinant pasaulinės migracijos teorijas, buvo nagrinėtos pasaulinės migracijos tendencijos, tarptautinės migracijos teorijos ir imigracijos iššūkiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] M. Popova. The Problem of Social Integration of Third-Countries Citizens in the Context of Social Work in Lithuania. Final thesis of master’s degree study programme in social work. Supervisor prof. dr. E.Aciene, Klaipeda university: Klaipeda, 2011. – 106 pages. Social integration of third world country citizens living in Lithuania is one of the key issues of today’s society as considering a trend of decrease in numbers, next year the growth of immigration to Lithuania is possible and necessary. Integration of immigrants is very important for both social linkage and economic development. So that immigrants could feel a part of society we must treat them honestly and provide them with means necessary to become members of our society. Integration is a continual, two-way process based on mutual rights and duties of both immigrants and Lithuanian society. Having analyzed scientific literature, a research object is an evaluation of third world country citizens’ problem of social integration. Aim of research – to analyze a problem of social integration of citizens of third world countries living in Lithuania. Method of research: analysis of scientific literature, quantitative research applying questionnaire and qualitative research applying interview. Analyzing the firs goal – a theoretic discourse of migration rating theories of world migration, trends of world migration, theories of international migration and immigration challenge for Lithuania were studied. The second goal... [to full text]