40 results on '"Direct planting"'
Search Results
2. Monitoring the spectral and agronomic behaviour of maize in response to nitrogen fertilisation
- Author
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Mauricio Lourenzoni Augusti, Valdinar Ferreira Melo, Sandra Cátia Pereira Uchoa, Marcio Rocha Francelino, Aston Vestris Adandonon, and Aurele Hosanna Gbenagnon Sounou
- Subjects
Chlorophyll meter ,Drone ,Conventional tillage ,Direct planting ,Vegetation indices. ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Maize is a demanding crop that is responsive to nitrogen fertilisation, and meeting its needs is essential to avoid a loss of productivity or environmental contamination. Monitoring nutrient status during crop development is fundamental for optimising nitrogen fertilisation, and using spectral sensors can help detect spatial variability in the field. Based on this premise, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three low-cost sensors in detecting variability in the spectral and agronomic characteristics of the maize cultivar, BM 3066 PRO2®, induced by different N doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) under two cropping systems, no-tillage and conventional. The study employed a camera with a sensor in the visible region of the spectrum (RGB), a camera in the visible-infrared region (OCN), both mounted on a drone, and a portable chlorophyll meter. Spatial variability was assessed during the crop cycle using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll index. The results showed that the NDVI(ON) vegetation index from the OCN sensor was more effective at differentiating the treatments than was the NGR vegetation index from the RGB sensor. Furthermore, the chlorophyll b index was better at detecting variations induced by different nitrogen doses, outperforming the vegetation indices obtained by means of aerial images. The airborne sensors under test are more suitable for detecting early spatial macro-variability, while the chlorophyll meter is more effective at assessing the degree of nitrogen deficiency.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comparison of root dry matter content and root dry matter weight in sweet potato genotypes cultivated by transplanting and direct planting
- Author
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Takeo Sakaigaichi, Keisuke Suematsu, Yukari Kawata, Akira Kobayashi, Erika Kamada, and Yumi Kai
- Subjects
Direct planting ,dry matter content ,dry matter weight ,root ,sweet potato ,transplanting ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
ABSTRACTDirect planting (i.e. the planting of seed roots) can reduce the labor requirements of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivation. To broaden the breeding material for high dry matter productivity in direct planting, root dry matter content (DMC) and root dry matter weight per hill (DMW) were compared under both direct planting and conventional transplanting by using 28 sweet potato genotypes cultivated in 2020 and 2021. Unlike in the case of the mother root DMC, a significant positive correlation between the daughter root DMC in direct planting and the root DMC in transplanting was observed over two years (p
- Published
- 2023
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4. Evaluation of mother and daughter root traits in sweet potato germplasm cultivated by direct planting
- Author
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Takeo Sakaigaichi, Keisuke Suematsu, Yoshifumi Terajima, Akira Kobayashi, Yukari Kawata, and Yumi Kai
- Subjects
Daughter root ,direct planting ,genotypic difference ,heritability ,mother root ,sweet potato ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Direct planting (i.e. the planting of seed roots) in sweet potato results in the formation of two root types – ‘mother’ and ‘daughter’ roots. High and stable daughter root yields are necessary to improve the acceptance of direct planting cultivation because mother roots have no commercial value. To establish a basis for the effective breeding, the root traits of 28 sweet potato genotypes cultivated by direct planting were evaluated for mother root weight, daughter root weight (DRW), total root weight (TRW), ratio of DRW to TRW (RDRW), and ratio of mother root enlargement. Significant differences between the genotypes were observed for all five traits (p
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. Evaluation of mother and daughter root traits in sweet potato germplasm cultivated by direct planting.
- Author
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Sakaigaichi, Takeo, Suematsu, Keisuke, Terajima, Yoshifumi, Kobayashi, Akira, Kawata, Yukari, and Kai, Yumi
- Subjects
SWEET potatoes ,CULTIVATED plants ,GERMPLASM ,ROOT formation ,PLANT roots ,MOTHERS ,DAUGHTERS - Abstract
Direct planting (i.e. the planting of seed roots) in sweet potato results in the formation of two root types – 'mother' and 'daughter' roots. High and stable daughter root yields are necessary to improve the acceptance of direct planting cultivation because mother roots have no commercial value. To establish a basis for the effective breeding, the root traits of 28 sweet potato genotypes cultivated by direct planting were evaluated for mother root weight, daughter root weight (DRW), total root weight (TRW), ratio of DRW to TRW (RDRW), and ratio of mother root enlargement. Significant differences between the genotypes were observed for all five traits (p < 0.01). However, we concluded that RDRW is a reliable indicator for performance under direct planting cultivation because it showed the highest estimated heritability (0.57), and genotypes with high RDRW also indicated notably low values for coefficient of variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. EFFECT OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CUTTING DISC AND FURROW OPENERS EMPLOYED IN ROW CROP PLANTING ON SOIL MOBILIZATION
- Author
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Tiago R. Francetto, Airton dos S. Alonço, Rafael S. Becker, Vitor P. Scherer, and Mateus P. Bellé
- Subjects
agricultural engineering ,machinery-soil relation ,agricultural machinery ,field test ,direct planting ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the longitudinal distance between a cutting disc and a fertilizer furrow opener on the operational performance of the furrow opener working at different forward speeds during soil mobilization. The soil in the experimental area was classified as Typic Hapludalf with a loam soil texture. The experiment involved 24 treatment combinations in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme. These combinations were formed by the interaction of the following factors: furrow opening mechanisms, longitudinal distance from the center of the cutting mechanism to center of the furrow opener, and forward speeds. The effects of the tools on the soil mobilization variables were characterized in three phases: analysis of the natural profile and elevation and mobilization of the soil using a microprofilometer. A statistical analysis of variance was performed on the acquired data and the significance of the factors was verified using an F test. The furrow opener factor significantly substantially influenced all variables, whereas the distance significantly modified only the soil swelling and elevated soil area, with a reduction of approximately 30% in this variable when separating the mechanisms by an additional meter. Likewise, for a hoe furrow opener, the speed significantly influenced only the maximum depth of the furrow. Hence, we recommend the installation of fertilizer furrow openers close to the cutting mechanisms to increase the quality of the furrows produced in seeding operations using the direct planting system.
- Published
- 2021
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7. Evaluation of early vigor under direct planting cultivation in sweet potato
- Author
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Takeo Sakaigaichi, Yumi Kai, Akira Kobayashi, and Keisuke Suematsu
- Subjects
early vigor ,genotypic difference ,sweet potato ,direct planting ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Direct planting – in which small storage roots are planted instead of transplanting stem cuttings – has been studied as a labor-saving system in sweet potato. Early vigor is important for cultivars used in direct planting because it affects their ability to compete with weeds. In this study, the genotypic difference in early vigor was evaluated. Twelve genotypes were tested in 2018 and 2019. Days to emergence, shoot dry matter yield, plant height, and NDVI were investigated as indicators of early vigor. Significant differences in days to emergence and shoot dry matter yields were observed among genotypes in both years. ‘Kyushu No.198ʹ was outstanding in terms of early vigor. A strong relationship between plant height and shoot dry matter yield was observed; this relationship was also observed with NDVI. Growth traits that can be monitored in a non-destructive way, such as plant height, are reliable predictors of shoot dry matter yield during early growth.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Evaluation of early vigor under direct planting cultivation in sweet potato.
- Author
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Sakaigaichi, Takeo, Kai, Yumi, Kobayashi, Akira, and Suematsu, Keisuke
- Subjects
VITALITY ,PLANT shoots ,SWEET potatoes ,PLANT roots - Abstract
Direct planting – in which small storage roots are planted instead of transplanting stem cuttings – has been studied as a labor-saving system in sweet potato. Early vigor is important for cultivars used in direct planting because it affects their ability to compete with weeds. In this study, the genotypic difference in early vigor was evaluated. Twelve genotypes were tested in 2018 and 2019. Days to emergence, shoot dry matter yield, plant height, and NDVI were investigated as indicators of early vigor. Significant differences in days to emergence and shoot dry matter yields were observed among genotypes in both years. 'Kyushu No.198ʹ was outstanding in terms of early vigor. A strong relationship between plant height and shoot dry matter yield was observed; this relationship was also observed with NDVI. Growth traits that can be monitored in a non-destructive way, such as plant height, are reliable predictors of shoot dry matter yield during early growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Modeling and Design of a Disk-Type Furrow Opener’s Coulter Its Mechanical Analysis and Study for No-Till Machinery (Combination and Bertini)
- Author
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J. Ghezavati, M. Abbasgholipour, B. Mohammadi Alasti, A. Shirneshan, and A. Shadkam
- Subjects
ansys ,direct planting ,no-till farming ,rotary coulter ,solid works ,Technology - Abstract
No-till practices play an important role in decreasing production costs, increasing soil organic matter content, improving soil structure and removing unwanted environmental impacts. However, due to a lack of access to proper machinery for direct seeding in unplowed lands, such practices have failed to produce successful results since they are incapable of providing sufficient contact between soil and seeds. Introducing a machine that can plant seeds and fertilizer at two different depths in hard (unplowed) soils covered with last season’s crop residues can be the first step towards pilot no-till initiatives. This step can finally lead to the promotion of this practice in the potential areas. In this study, different components of a disk furrow opener were optimally designed in Solid Works modelling software. ANSYS was used to analyze this furrow opener and its three main related components. Finally, the coulter’s stress was determined using the von Mises criterion. The result showed that the minimum coulter stress was 1985.5Pa throughout the plane and its maximum belonged to the holes inside the hub with 1.0819x107Pa. The safety factor of the initial coulter was 17.85, while that of the optimally designed coulter was 25.
- Published
- 2017
10. PRODUTIVIDADE DE CULTIVARES DE MILHO EM ADAMANTINA, REGIÃO DA NOVA ALTA PAULISTA.
- Author
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de Souza SILVA, Lucas, Takayuki NAKAYAMA, Fernando, SANTOS, Guilherme Xavier Lúcio, CORDEIRO JUNIOR, Paulo Sérgio, DONÁ, Sérgio, FINOTO, Everton Luis, Pereira BRANDÃO, Rebeca, RODRIGUES, Lucas, and VITORINO, Rodrigo
- Subjects
- *
HIGH technology , *CORN , *GRAIN , *CROPS , *AGRICULTURE , *ANIMAL feeds , *SPIRULINA , *CORN varieties - Abstract
The maize (corn) crop is currently consolidated as the second most important crop for Brazilian agriculture, as well as being the second most consumed cereal worldwide, due to its diverse uses ranging from animal feed to the high technology. Brazil is among the largest producers, with representativeness throughout the country. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the productivity of fifteen maize varieties conducted under no - tillage system for the Nova Alta Paulista region, conducted from October 2018 to February 2019, in an experimental area belonging to APTA -- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, in the municipality of Adamantina - SP, in a system of direct sowing analyzing the following variables: Tang pile mass; Spike mass; Grain mass; Weight of 100 grains and number of grains.According to the results, the highest yields, with commercially significant values, were observed in hybrids AG 8740, AG 8076, AG 8088, AG3700 and AG8700. These five AG hybrids express high productive potential, exceeding 10,000 kg ha-1 and all NX hybrids reach productivity around 9,000 kg ha-1. There is a need to continue and extend the work by comparing more maize cultivars under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Upper Paulista. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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11. Plant growth, tuber yield formation and costs of three different propagation methods of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius).
- Author
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Kamp, Larissa, Hartung, Jens, Mast, Benjamin, and Graeff-Hönninger, Simone
- Subjects
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YACON , *PLANT growth , *TUBERS , *POTATOES , *RATE of return , *INDUSTRIAL costs - Abstract
Highlights • Direct planting of yacon rhizomes lead to high establishment rates. • High yacon tuber yield can be achieved under temperate climate conditions. • Single tuber weight differed significantly between the propagation methods. • Cultivation of yacon is worthwhile due to low production costs. • The procurement of plant material is a major cost factor. Abstract Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) ((Poepp. and Endl.) H. Robinson) is a perennial plant native to the Andean region. Its tubers contain high amounts of fructooligosaccharide and inulin (up to 60% of DM) which are supposed to have positive effects on human health. One major aspect currently limiting yacon cultivation is the high cost of propagation. The aim of the present study was to investigate three different propagation methods i) divided seedling after budding from mother plants with pre-cultivation in the greenhouse (DSAB), ii) seedlings from rhizome pieces pre-cultivated in the greenhouse (RP1), and iii) rhizome pieces directly planted into the field (RP2) in regard to plant growth, tuber yield formation and costs. The propagation methods DSAB (92 cm) and RP2 (85 cm) produced significant bigger plants than RP1 (70 cm). Leaves and ramifications showed a similar trend, additionally number of ramifications of DSAB (24) differed significantly to RP1 (16) but not to RP2 (18). The average rhizome weight at harvest was highest for DSAB with 871 g and lowest for RP1 with 561 g. Contrary to that, on a hectare basis RP1 achieved highest tuber yields (29.8 t FM ha−1). The tuber yields of DSAB and RP2 were considerably lower with 21.3 and 17.8 t FM ha−1 respectively. Mean fresh weight of tubers differed significantly between RP1 (308 g) and RP2 (196 g), whereas DSAB (255 g) did not differ significantly from RP1 or RP2. Furthermore, RP1 reached the highest number of tubers per plant (8.2) compared with DSAB (5.6) and RP2 (6.6). Due to the highest tuber yield and low investment costs, RP1 turned out to be the cheapest propagation method for the cultivation of yacon. The most important cost factors were the procurement of plant material and pre-cultivation. A further mechanization of direct planting of yacon rhizomes (RP2) would offer the chance to decrease the propagation costs within this method significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. To manage or not? Successful native tree seedling restoration despite a dense, invasive shrub, Berberis thunbergii.
- Author
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Link III, Arthur F., Johnson, Linda M. K., and Utz, Ryan M.
- Subjects
TREE seedlings ,BARBERRIES ,WHITE oak ,QUERCUS velutina ,SOILS - Abstract
Invasive plant species suppress native trees through a variety of mechanisms. A non-native shrub, Berberis thunbergii, has been shown to depress native tree seedling densities in eastern North American deciduous forests, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We attempted to identify the mechanisms leading to decreased native tree seedling densities in Berberis-invaded understories by experimentally measuring survivorship and growth of three common eastern deciduous tree seedlings, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba, and Q. velutina. First, we reared native tree seedlings in soil samples extracted from Berberis-invaded and control forest plots to determine if early growth and survival varied between medias. Then, we introduced surviving seedlings into three classes of in situ field subplots: control (outside Berberis invasion), invaded (Berberis present), and managed subplots where Berberis removal occurred following non-chemical best practice guidelines. Slight decrease of early-stage seedling survivorship and growth occurred in extracted soils from invaded plots. Seedling survival differed between field subplots, with seedlings either showing no differences between invaded subplots (Q. alba) or faring better (P. serotina and Q. velutina) compared to managed subplots. Invaded subplots were about 1.18–1.30 °C cooler with 583–709 lumens m
−2 less light exposure compared to control or managed subplots. Additionally, managed and invaded subplots had increased moisture levels (12.0–14.9%) compared to control subplots. Seedling compromise was due to a legacy effect from Berberis disruption via soil sample extraction and/or management. Our findings contrast with other studies that show dense, invasive species outcompeting native tree seedlings and unsuccessful native restoration in Berberis stands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Increasing energy efficiency by geometric modification of hoe-type furrow opener
- Author
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R Rahimzadeh, Y Ajabshirchi, Sh Abdollahpour, A Sharifi Malvajerdi, N Sartipi, and A Mohammadi
- Subjects
direct planting ,dryland farming ,energy efficiency ,farrow opener ,wheat ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Introduction Direct planting becomes more common in the recent years, because it conserves soil and water as well as it saves energy and time. However, this technology needs special implements such as seed planter. Given that direct planting is practiced in undisturbed lands, so it was needed to design a special furrow opener. In order to obtain a suitable furrow opener this experiment was conducted in rain-fed Agricultural Research Institute in Maragheh. Materials and Methods Most of seed planters that are used for cultivation in rain fed conditions are equipped by hoe-type furrow opener. Hoe-type furrow openers have good penetration in hard and dry soils. However, they do not have the ability for direct planting. Hoe-type furrow opener was chosen as a model. Then by changing the geometric form of the depth to width ratio (d/w), the two openers were designed. In the first design, which was called O1 two wings and a narrow blade acting as a coulter were added in front of the hoe-type furrow opener. In the second design, which was called O2, in addition to the O1 modification, furrow opener width was decreased and a disk blade was added for seed sowing (Fig. 1). The performance of O1 and O2 openers were compared with the conventional hoe-type furrow opener (check) in soil bin and in field conditions. At three different forward speeds (1, 1.5 and 2 m.s-1) with 3 replications, the effects of the openers designs of vertical and horizontal soil forces were evaluated in soil-bin conditions. In order to evaluate the performance of the furrow opener in field conditions, an experiment was conducted using a split plot design based on RCBD at 4 replications. Furrow openers formed the main plots and forward speeds formed the sub plots. Each plot size was 22 meters long in two rows for each treatment. After germination of wheat crop, the numbers of seedlings in two rows were counted (along a one meter). After crop maturity, all plots were harvested by hand and grain and biological yield was measured. ANOVA test, uniformity test and mean comparison were conducted by using Genstat software. Results and Discussion The soil bin test results showed that opener design and forward speed both have significant influences on the horizontal force (p
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Weed Community in a Raw Sugarcane Renovation Area Submitted to Different Soil Managements
- Author
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M.B.B. SOARES, S. BIANCO, E.L. FINOTO, D. BOLONHEZI, J.A.A. ALBUQUERQUE, and A.A. SILVA
- Subjects
Arachis hypogaea ,Saccharum spp. ,direct planting ,minimum tillage ,fallow, phytosociology ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the weed community in a raw sugarcane renovation area with three soil managements and peanut sowing in succession. The experiment was conducted during the 2007/08 season on a raw sugarcane area harvested without prior burning in the last five cuts. A randomized block design with treatments arranged in a split plot and arranged in four replications was used. The main treatments consisted of three cropping systems: conventional tillage, minimum tillage and direct planting, and subplots consisted in the absence (resting) or presence of crop rotation with peanuts. After 135 days from planting peanuts and 180 days of sugarcane harvest, the number of weeds m-2 was counted and the shoot dry biomass of the weeds collected was determined. The data were interpreted by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability so that phytosociological indices a, b, c e d were calculated. The use of soil conservation tillage and peanut in rotation with sugarcane in the renovation areas is effective in controlling weeds and suppression of weed species difficult to control like Cyperus rotundus, Commelina bengalensis, Urochloa plantaginea, and Digitaria nuda.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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15. Sistemas de cultivo y cultivos de cobertura para la producción de soja en el Cerrado
- Author
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Veloso, Fernanda Rosa, Silva , Luis Fernando Vieira da, Jacinto, Ana Carolina Pires, Jorge , Ricardo Falqueto, Almeida, Cinara Xavier de, and Carvalho, Everson Reis
- Subjects
Direct planting ,Siembra directa ,Abonos verdes ,Adubação verde ,Green manure ,Plantación convencional ,Plantio direto ,Plantio convencional ,Conventional planting - Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different cover crops on the agronomic and yield characteristics of soybean under no-tillage and conventional cropping systems. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area in the municipality of Monte Carmelo-MG, experimental agricultural years 2016/2017 and 2018/2019, using a randomized block design, with four replications, in a strip scheme. The treatments consisted of six species of plants for ground cover (2016/2017 was sown sunn hemp, pigeon pea, lab lab, millet, sorghum and fallow and 2018/2019 were sunn hemp, forage radish, pigeon pea, millet, lab lab and fallow) and by two cropping systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage). The soybean cultivar used was SYN 1562 IPRO*(RR) in 2016/2017 and NS 7667 (Ipro, Nidera) in 2018/2019. In soybean cultivars, heights of heights: heights the final agronomic characteristics, of the first soybean, of the first plants, number of seeds per pod and plant soybean yield. The highest heights of soybean plants were after the cultivation of sunn hemp, pigeon pea, lab lab and fallow. The height of the first wave was higher over sunn hemp straw, lab lab and fallow and millet. The use of millet, forage radish and pigeon pea will provide more pods per plant in number cultivated. In 2016/2017 the no-tillage system increased soybean productivity. In the planting system all cover crops will provide conventional yield increase in 2018/2019. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes cultivos de cobertura sobre las características agronómicas y de rendimiento de la soja bajo sistemas de cultivo convencional y sin labranza. El experimento se realizó en un área experimental del municipio de Monte Carmelo-MG, años agrícolas experimentales 2016/2017 y 2018/2019, utilizando un diseño de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, en esquema de franjas. Los tratamientos consistieron en seis especies de plantas para cobertura del suelo (se sembró 2016/2017 cáñamo, guandú, lab lab, mijo, sorgo y barbecho y 2018/2019 fueron cáñamo, rábano forrajero, guandú, mijo, lab lab y barbecho) y por dos sistemas de cultivo (labranza cero y labranza convencional). El cultivar de soja utilizado fue SYN 1562 IPRO*(RR) en 2016/2017 y NS 7667 (Ipro, Nidera) en 2018/2019. En los cultivares de soja, alturas de alturas: alturas de las características agronómicas finales, de la primera soja, de las primeras plantas, número de semillas por vaina y rendimiento de la planta de soja. Las mayores alturas de las plantas de soja se dieron después del cultivo de cáñamo sol, guandú, lab lab y barbecho. La altura de la primera ola fue más altas sobre paja de cáñamo, lab lab y barbecho y mijo. El uso de mijo, rábano forrajero y guandú proporcionará más vainas por planta en número cultivado. En 2016/2017 el sistema de labranza cero incrementó la productividad de la soja. En el sistema de siembra, todos los cultivos de cobertura proporcionarán un aumento de rendimiento convencional en 2018/2019. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes plantas de cobertura sobre as características agronômicas e produtividade da cultura da soja sob sistemas de cultivo Plantio Direto e Convencional. O experimento foi realizado em área experimental no município de Monte Carmelo-MG, nos anos agrícolas 2016/2017 e 2018/2019, utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de faixas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis espécies de plantas para cobertura de solo (2016/2017 foi semeado crotalária, feijão guandu, lab lab, milheto, sorgo e pousio e 2018/2019 foram crotalária, nabo forrageiro, feijão guandu, milheto, lab lab e pousio) e por dois sistemas de cultivo (plantio direto e plantio convencional). A cultivar de soja utilizada em 2016/2017 foi a SYN 1562 IPRO*(RR) e em 2018/2019 a NS 7667 (Ipro, Nidera). Nas cultivares de soja foram avaliadas as seguintes características agronômicas: altura inicial das plantas, altura da primeira vagem, altura final, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e produtividade de grãos de soja. As maiores alturas de plantas de soja foram após o cultivo de crotalária, feijão guandu, lab lab e pousio. A altura da primeira vagem foi maior sobre a palhada de crotalária, lab lab e pousio e milheto. O uso do milheto, nabo forrageiro e feijão guandu proporcionaram maior número de vagens por planta em soja cultivada. Em 2016/2017 o sistema de plantio direto proporcionou maior produtividade da soja. No sistema de plantio convencional todas as plantas de cobertura proporcionaram aumento na produtividade em 2018/2019.
- Published
- 2022
16. Modeling and Design of a Disk- Type Furrow Opener's Coulter Its Mechanical Analysis and Study for No-Till Machinery (Combination and Bertini).
- Author
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Ghezavati, J., Abbasgholipour, M., Alasti, B. Mohammadi, Shirneshan, A., and Shadkam, A.
- Subjects
COULTER principle ,HUMUS analysis - Abstract
No-till practices play an important role in decreasing production costs, increasing soil organic matter content, improving soil structure and removing unwanted environmental impacts. However, due to a lack of access to proper machinery for direct seeding in unplowed lands, such practices have failed to produce successful results since they are incapable of providing sufficient contact between soil and seeds. Introducing a machine that can plant seeds and fertilizer at two different depths in hard (unplowed) soils covered with last season's crop residues can be the first step towards pilot no-till initiatives. This step can finally lead to the promotion of this practice in the potential areas. In this study, different components of a disk furrow opener were optimally designed in Solid Works modelling software. ANSYS was used to analyze this furrow opener and its three main related components. Finally, the coulter's stress was determined using the von Mises criterion. The result showed that the minimum coulter stress was 1985.5Pa throughout the plane and its maximum belonged to the holes inside the hub with 1.0819x107Pa. The safety factor of the initial coulter was 17.85, while that of the optimally designed coulter was 25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
17. DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL DO CONJUNTO TRATOR-SEMEADORA EM DIFERENTES VELOCIDADES E SISTEMAS DE PLANTIO.
- Author
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Corrêa Júnior, Delorme, Ferreira Garcia, Ricardo, de Amaral Gravina, Geraldo, and do Vale, Welington Gonzaga
- Abstract
The performance evaluations of tractors and seeders in different operating conditions are performed with the purpose of optimizing their operation in order to obtain the best yield with the minimum of energy expenditure. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of the speed of operation and soil preparation systems on the performance of a tractor-seeder in the bean planting. A randomized complete block design was used in 3 x 2 factorial with three replications, using three speeds (3, 8 and 14 km.h-1) in a direct and conventional planting system. The following variables were analyzed: roller skating, theoretical and effective field capacity, operating efficiency, hourly and operational fuel consumption, seed distribution and seed dosing speed. The results showed that the tractor and seeder skids were smaller in direct planting and the skating of the tractor was lower in the speed of 3 km h-1. The lowest values of hourly and operational fuel consumption were observed at the speed of 8 km h-1. The number of seeds m-1 and ideal spacing presented higher values in the conventional system and at the lower speed. Faced with the presented conditions, it was concluded that the operating speed of 8 km h-1 presented the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
18. An assessment of the forest regeneration potential of the taungya system of farming in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria.
- Author
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Azeez, Ismail O, Popoola, Labode, and Shulamite, Idowu O
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FOREST regeneration ,SUSTAINABLE development ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,SILVICULTURAL systems - Abstract
Balancing forest regeneration and meeting food and fibre needs of Nigeria’s ever-increasing population challenges is imperative to her sustainable development. Two methods of artificial forest regeneration practiced in Oyo State, Nigeria to meet these challenges are direct planting and taungya systems. This paper reports the performance of the taungya system of forest regeneration in Osho Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria with a view to harnessing information for informed and effective policy decision on sustainable forestry development. Four out of seven taungya centres within and around the reserve were purposively studied using questionnaire administration, oral interviews and direct field measurement. Direct field measurement was undertaken in 10 temporary sampling plots, each measuring 25 m × 25 m. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics atP= 0.05. The taungya farmers in the study area were male and a majority (76.0%) had no formal education. More than half of the farmers (56.0%) had knowledge about taungya and silvicultural operations, while 82.0% of them had no other farm outside the taungya farm. The observed survival of trees planted on the farms was high. Significant variation was observed in the circumference at breast height (Cbh) of species under the direct planting and taungya systems withGmelina arboreacontributing to most of the variation and the differences in stand age. The survival percentage of tree species under taungya was higher (52.0% ha−1) than that under direct planting system (41.0% ha−1). The study identified lack of credit facilities, inadequate funding and ignorance of the advantage of tree crops on tropical farmland as well as inadequate technical support as the major constraints of the taungya system. The taungya system is effective for forest regeneration albeit taking care of farmers’ interest beyond the tree canopy closure age is recommended, if more trees are expected to survive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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19. Evaluation of early vigor under direct planting cultivation in sweet potato
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Takeo Sakaigaichi, Yumi Kai, Keisuke Suematsu, and Akira Kobayashi
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0106 biological sciences ,direct planting ,fungi ,Plant culture ,food and beverages ,Sowing ,genotypic difference ,sweet potato ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,early vigor ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,SB1-1110 ,Cutting ,Horticulture ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Transplanting ,Cultivar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Direct planting – in which small storage roots are planted instead of transplanting stem cuttings – has been studied as a labor-saving system in sweet potato. Early vigor is important for cultivars used in direct planting because it affects their ability to compete with weeds. In this study, the genotypic difference in early vigor was evaluated. Twelve genotypes were tested in 2018 and 2019. Days to emergence, shoot dry matter yield, plant height, and NDVI were investigated as indicators of early vigor. Significant differences in days to emergence and shoot dry matter yields were observed among genotypes in both years. ‘Kyushu No.198ʹ was outstanding in terms of early vigor. A strong relationship between plant height and shoot dry matter yield was observed; this relationship was also observed with NDVI. Growth traits that can be monitored in a non-destructive way, such as plant height, are reliable predictors of shoot dry matter yield during early growth.
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- 2020
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20. Effects of Direct and Conventional Planting on Soil Properties and Yield Characteristics of Second Crop Maize
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Selçuk Arslan and Tayfun Korucu
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toprak işleme ,doğrudan ekim ,tohum dağılımı ,ekim indisleri ,filizlenme oranı ,mısır verimi ,tillage ,direct planting ,seed distribution ,seeding indices ,emergence rate ,maize yield ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Conventional tillage CT , a commercial direct planter DP1 , and a modified direct planter DP2 were used in this study to determine the performance of DP compared to CT and DP1 in second crop maize after winter wheat. Experiments were conducted with six replications through complete randomized block design. Average seed spacing was about 18 cm and the quality of feed index was about 90% in all methods. Multiple index was the smallest 0.56% in CT, suggesting best horizontal seed distribution whereas DP1 had the highest rate 3.89% . Variation about the mean seed spacing was less than the upper limit of 29% in precision in spacing in all cases. The adjusted seeding depth was 6.0 cm in CT 5.99 cm with the best placement and the poorest placement was found in DP2 2.90 cm . Seed depth distribution was different in the three cases P
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- 2009
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21. Composition and diversity of bees (Hymenoptera) attracted by Moericke traps in an agricultural area in Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brasil Composição e diversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera) coletadas por armadilhas Moericke em uma área agrícola de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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Luceli de Souza and Maria J. de O. Campos
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Ecologia de comunidade ,apifauna ,cultura anual ,plantio direto ,armadilha de água ,Community ecology ,annual crops ,direct planting ,pantraps ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The composition and diversity of bees in an agricultural area in Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were studied from May 2003 to June 2004, using Moericke traps. The collection site, an area with 58.08 hectares, is characterized by grain production and direct planting, with 70% of the surrounding area planted with sugar cane. During the study, 456 bees were collected, distributed among 20 genera, pertaining to the families Andrenidae (4.8%), Apidae (40.8%) and Halictidae (54.4%). Specimens of genera Dialictus (38%) and Diadasia (30%) predominated in this area. The species diversity, assessed using the Shannon and Simpson indices, were H’=1.88 and 1/ D= 4.15, respectively, and the Evenness index was 0.61.Foram estudadas a composição e diversidade de abelhas em uma área agrícola no município de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, de maio de 2003 a junho de 2004, utilizando armadilha de Moericke. O local de coleta, uma área com 58,08 hectares, caracteriza-se pela produção de grãos e a prática de plantio direto, sendo que 70% da área de entorno é utilizada para o plantio de cana-de-açúcar. Foram coletadas 456 abelhas distribuídas em 20 gêneros, pertencentes às famílias Andrenidae (4,8%), Apidae (40,8%) e Halictidae (54,4%). Espécimes dos gêneros Dialictus (38%) e Diadasia (30%) foram predominantes nesta área. A diversidade de espécies avaliadas pelos índices de Shannon e Simpson foram H’=1,88 e 1/D= 4.15, respectivamente, e o índice de Equitatibilidade de 0,61.
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- 2008
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22. Phytostabilization of mine tailings using compost-assisted direct planting: Translating greenhouse results to the field.
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Gil-Loaiza, Juliana, White, Scott A., Root, Robert A., Solís-Dominguez, Fernando A., Hammond, Corin M., Chorover, Jon, and Maier, Raina M.
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- *
PHYTOREMEDIATION , *GREENHOUSE effect , *ABANDONED mined lands reclamation , *SMELTING furnaces , *FEASIBILITY studies - Abstract
Standard practice in reclamation of mine tailings is the emplacement of a 15 to 90 cm soil/gravel/rock cap which is then hydro-seeded. In this study we investigate compost-assisted direct planting phytostabilization technology as an alternative to standard cap and plant practices. In phytostabilization the goal is to establish a vegetative cap using native plants that stabilize metals in the root zone with little to no shoot accumulation. The study site is a barren 62-hectare tailings pile characterized by extremely acidic pH as well as lead, arsenic, and zinc each exceeding 2000 mg kg − 1 . The study objective is to evaluate whether successful greenhouse phytostabilization results are scalable to the field. In May 2010, a 0.27 ha study area was established on the Iron King Mine and Humboldt Smelter Superfund (IKMHSS) site with six irrigated treatments; tailings amended with 10, 15, or 20% ( w / w ) compost seeded with a mix of native plants ( buffalo grass , arizona fescue , quailbush , mountain mahogany , mesquite , and catclaw acacia ) and controls including composted (15 and 20%) unseeded treatments and an uncomposted unseeded treatment. Canopy cover ranging from 21 to 61% developed after 41 months in the compost-amended planted treatments, a canopy cover similar to that found in the surrounding region. No plants grew on unamended tailings. Neutrophilic heterotrophic bacterial counts were 1.5 to 4 orders of magnitude higher after 41 months in planted versus unamended control plots. Shoot tissue accumulation of various metal(loids) was at or below Domestic Animal Toxicity Limits, with some plant specific exceptions in treatments receiving less compost. Parameters including % canopy cover, neutrophilic heterotrophic bacteria counts, and shoot uptake of metal(loids) are promising criteria to use in evaluating reclamation success. In summary, compost amendment and seeding, guided by preliminary greenhouse studies, allowed plant establishment and sustained growth over 4 years demonstrating feasibility for this phytostabilization technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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23. Sistemas de produção no controle de plantas daninhas em culturas anuais no Cerrado Piauiense.
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Pacheco, Leandro Pereira, André Petter, Fabiano, dos Santos Soares, Leandro, da Silva, Rodrigo Fonseca, and da Silva Oliveira, João Batista
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
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24. Population fluctuation in soil meso- and macrofauna by the successive application of pig slurry.
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da Silva, Rodrigo Ferreira, Moisés Bertollo, Gilvan, Inês Antoniolli, Zaida, Mateus Corassa, Geomar, and Carlos Kuss, Cassiano
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Classificação de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão para o sistema plantio direto conforme o indice de adequação
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Silva, Marcos Roberto da, Daniel, Luiz Antonio, 1948-2020, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Números indices (Economia) ,Mecanização ,Data base ,Index Numbers ,Direct Planting ,Plantio direto ,Banco de dados ,Mechanization - Abstract
Orientador: Luiz Antonio Daniel Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola Resumo: O Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) está consagrado na agricultura, no entanto muitas informações ainda estão distantes dos agricultores, principalmente as relacionadas com a tecnologia utilizada pelos fabricantes de máquinas na oferta de modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão indicadas para o sistema. O principal veículo de informações sobre modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras é o catálogo de fabricante, cuja finalidade é expressar de maneira resumida as principais características técnicas que compõem os modelos. Frente a esses fatos e apoiados em análise bibliográfica e na vivência prática, estabeleceu-se a hipótese de que com técnicas de sistematização de dados e recursos da informática é possível processar esses dados de catálogos e produzir um ¿estudo censitário¿ referente à variabilidade ofertada nos modelos de emeadoras-adubadoras produzidas pela indústria brasileira e, que também é possível, com base na ¿teoria de números índices¿ estabelecer um parâmetro que expresse as características de cada modelo, permitindo uma classificação em categorias de acordo com as suas características técnicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de sistematizar os dados contidos num conjunto de catálogos tecnológicos referente aos modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão, analisando as informações de modo a permitir a construção de um banco de dados e posteriormente subsidiar a aplicação de métodos estatísticos viabilizando a obtenção de um levantamento das características técnicas dos modelos oferecidos no mercado brasileiro, além de possibilitar a proposição de um índice classificatório dos modelos com base nas suas características técnicas. Os resultados mostram uma análise em 93 catálogos fornecidos por fabricantes brasileiros de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão, que representam aproximadamente 90 % do mercado nacional, gerando informações para caracterizar 278 modelos. Constitui-se um banco de dados com base em 40 características técnicas descritas nos catálogos, sendo que 15 foram selecionadas para análise estatística e, dentre estas, 7 foram utilizadas na formulação de um número índice, denominado ¿Índice de Adequação¿ de semeadoras-adubadoras para semeadura direta cuja aplicação permitiu classificar 250 modelos em cinco categorias diferentes; sendo que 73% dos modelos analisados compõem as categorias A e B; indicadas para pequenas e médias propriedades; 19% compõem a categoria C, indicada para médias e grandes propriedades e 8% dos modelos compõem as categorias D e E; indicadas para grandes propriedades. Conclui-se então que o levantamento destas informações com base em catálogos fornecidas pelos fabricantes permite uma análise detalhada das características técnicas que compõem os modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão para o SPD ofertadas no mercado e, que a proposição de um número índice permitiu sintetizar as informações de catálogos e classificar o modelo de acordo com as categorias de adequação, específicas para cada tipo de propriedade agrícola Abstract: No-Tillage Farming is consecrated in agriculture nowadays. However many information is still far from the farmers, especially those related to the technology used by the machinery manufacturers in offering no-till and precision models planting and fertilizing equipment. The most important information vehicle about the planters is the manufacturer¿s catalogue, which objective is to show the major techniques characteristics of the machine models in a concise manner. So, considering those facts, with bibliographical analysis and practical experience a hypothesis was established, that those catalogue data can be processed with data systematization techniques and electronic informative computer science resources. It produces a census study related to the technological variability offered by the Brazilian models of planting-fertilizing machines, what is also possible based on the index numbers theory to establish a parameter that express each model characteristics and permits to classify the machines according with its techniques characteristics. The objective of this work was to systematize the data of a set of 93 planting machine catalogues, which represent 90% of the national market approximately. A data base was constructed and further used to provide information to the application of the statistical analysis. This made possible the knowledge of the techniques characteristics of models of direct planting and fertilizing precision machine offered by the Brazilian manufacturers and their classification based in theirs characteristics. Each machine¿s data base enclosed 40 techniques characteristics and 15 of them was selected for the statistical analysis and, amongst these, 7 had been used in the formularization of a number index, called "Index of Adequacy". From this, it was possible to classify 250 models in 5 different categories: in the A and B categories, for small and medium properties 73% was fitted; 19% compounded the category C, for the medium and big properties and 8% of the machines were classified in the categories D and E, for the largest properties. The results showed that the survey of the machine catalogue data, furnished by the manufacturers permits a detailed analysis of the techniques characteristics of the precision and direct planting and fertilizing machines and that the models available in the market can be classified using an index number or adequacy index, that synthesize the catalogues¿ data Mestrado Água e Solo Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
- Published
- 2021
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26. Analise espacial e multicriterial da qualidade das lavouras de milho 'Safrinha' no medio Paranapema
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Dias, Hugo de Souza, Lamparelli, Rubens Augusto Camargo, 1955, Vieira, Sidney Rosa, Magalhães, Paulo Sergio Graziano, Marinho, Mara de Andrade, Opazo, Miguel Angel Uribe, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Sistemas de suporte de decisão ,Fuzzy sets ,Solos - Manejo ,Soils - Management ,Seeding ,Geostatistics ,Direct Planting ,Plantio direto ,Decision support systems ,Geologia - Métodos estatísticos ,Semeadura ,Conjuntos fuzzy - Abstract
Orientador: Rubens A. C. Lamparelli Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola Resumo: Apesar do milho "safrinha" já representar uma grande proporção do milho produzido no Brasil e ter tido um significativo aumento de produtividade nos últimos anos, esta cultura ainda é relacionada ao baixo uso de tecnologia e à baixa produtividade. A primeira etapa deste estudo analisa as estatísticas e as relações entre os seguintes itens de verificação da qualidade das lavouras: data de semeadura; cobertura morta do solo; espaçamento das entrelinhas; estande e população de plantas; plantas problema; espaços entreplantas; infestação de ervas daninhas e perdas de colheita. A segunda etapa analisou a correlação espacial destas variáveis entre os diferentes talhões amostrados e mapeou a sua distribuição através das ferramentas da geoestatística na região do Médio Paranapanema. Na terceira etapa as variáveis foram utilizadas como critérios em uma avaliação multicriterial gerando um mapa de qualidade das lavouras. O método de polígonos de Thiessen foi utilizado no desagrupamento das estatísticas básicas (média, variância, assimetria), minimizando os problemas originados pela não aleatoriedade espacial da amostragem. O sistema de Plantio Direto (PD) foi discriminado estatisticamente do sistema de Preparo Convencional (PC) através de diversas variáveis, mas apenas a cobertura morta discriminou o PD da Semeadura na Palha de Inverno (SPi) e do PC. Oitenta e cinco por cento dos talhões avaliados tinham estande dentro dos limites aceitáveis e boa distribuição de plantas. Sessenta por cento dos itens de verificação apresentaram continuidade espacial entre talhões, o que permitiu o mapeamento através de krigagem ordinária. As áreas não ocupadas com milho foram retiradas da análise espacial utilizando-se uma máscara do uso da terra produzida pela classificação de imagens de satélite. A análise multicriterial (MCE) combinou o processo de análise hierárquica (AHP), para dar pesos aos critérios, e conjuntos fuzzy, para normalizar os critérios, possibilitando a avaliação e o mapeamento da qualidade das lavouras de milho "safrinha" em uma área de 1.577 km2. Palavras chaves: sistemas de preparo de solo; auditoria de qualidade; polígonos de Thiessen; sistemas de suporte a decisão; processo de análise hierárquica (AHP) Abstract: Even though off-season or winter maize ("safrinha") today accounts for a large fraction of Brazilian maize production, and has displayed a significant increase in yield during the past few years, this crop is still associated with low technology and low yield. The first part of this study analyzes the statistics and relations among several variables of agricultural quality (items of quality verification): planting date; crop mulch cover; row spacing; plant stand and population; problem plants; plant spacing; weed infestation; harvest losses. The second part analyzes the spatial correlation of these variables among different plots sampled and maps the distribution by using spatial statistical tools in the Middle Paranapanema River Valley. In the third part, the variables were used as criteria in a multicriteria evaluation (MCE) that created an agricultural quality maps. Thiessen polygons were used to declustering the basic statistics (mean, variance, coefficient of skewness), minimizing problems introduced by non-random spatial sampling. No-tillage cultivation was statistically discriminated from conventional tillage by several variables, but only crop mulch cover separated no-tillage from winter crop mulch cultivation and conventional tillage. Eighty-five percent of plots studied had stands within acceptable limits and displayed good distribution of plants. Sixty percent of the variables showed spatial continuity among the plots, which permitted mapping by use ordinary kriging. Areas not planted in maize were removed from the spatial analysis using a mask of land use produced by a classification of satellite imagery. Multicriteria evaluation (MCE) combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weight the criteria, and fuzzy sets were used to normalize the criteria, permitting the evaluation and mapping of agricultural quality of off-season ¿safrinha¿ maize in an area of 1,577 km2. Index terms: tillage systems; quality audit; Thiessen polygons; decision making; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Doutorado Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
- Published
- 2021
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27. Comunidade Infestante e Área de Reforma de Cana Crua Submetida a Diferentes Manejos
- Author
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Silvano Bianco, Adinan Alves da Silva, D. Bolonhezi, Everton Luis Finoto, José de Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque, and M. B.B. Soares
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Saccharum spp ,direct planting ,QH301-705.5 ,Physiology ,pousio ,Randomized block design ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,fallow, phytosociology ,Minimum tillage ,Arachis hypogaea ,Fallow ,Biology (General) ,cultivo mínimo ,Conventional tillage ,Botany ,Sowing ,fitossociologia ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Crop rotation ,Tillage ,Direct planting ,plantio direto ,Agronomy ,minimum tillage ,QK1-989 ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Phytosociology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Cyperus rotundus - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the weed community in a raw sugarcane renovation area with three soil managements and peanut sowing in succession. The experiment was conducted during the 2007/08 season on a raw sugarcane area harvested without prior burning in the last five cuts. A randomized block design with treatments arranged in a split plot and arranged in four replications was used. The main treatments consisted of three cropping systems: conventional tillage, minimum tillage and direct planting, and subplots consisted in the absence (resting) or presence of crop rotation with peanuts. After 135 days from planting peanuts and 180 days of sugarcane harvest, the number of weeds m-2 was counted and the shoot dry biomass of the weeds collected was determined. The data were interpreted by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability so that phytosociological indices a, b, c e d were calculated. The use of soil conservation tillage and peanut in rotation with sugarcane in the renovation areas is effective in controlling weeds and suppression of weed species difficult to control like Cyperus rotundus, Commelina bengalensis, Urochloa plantaginea, and Digitaria nuda. Acredita-se ser possível reduzir o custo com o controle de plantas daninhas em áreas de reforma de cana crua adotando-se sistemas de manejos adequados. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a comunidade infestante em área de reforma de cana crua submetida a diferentes manejos. Nesta pesquisa, utilizando-se uma área de um canavial colhido sem queima prévia, nos últimos cinco cortes foram avaliados três sistemas de cultivo: convencional, mínimo e plantio direto, associados ao pousio e cultivo do amendoim. Após 135 dias da semeadura do amendoim e 180 dias da colheita da cana-de-açúcar, foi feita a contagem do número de plantas daninhas por meetro quadrado e da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas daninhas coletadas. Todos os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente. Para interpretação dos resultados, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e valores dos índices fitossociológicos a, b, c e d calculados. Conclui-se que a utilização do sistema de plantio direto associado ao cultivo do amendoim em rotação com a cana-de-açúcar em áreas de cana crua favorece o controle e a supressão de espécies de plantas daninhas de difícil controle, como Cyperus rotundus, Commelina benghalensis, Urochloa plantaginea e Digitaria nuda.
- Published
- 2016
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28. Production systems and weed control in annual crops of the Cerrado area of the State of Piauí
- Author
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João Batista da Silva Oliveira, Rodrigo Fonseca da Silva, Leandro dos Santos Soares, Fabiano André Petter, and Leandro Pereira Pacheco
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0106 biological sciences ,Sobressemeadura ,biology ,Soja ,Soil Science ,Intercropping ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plantio direto ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Consórcio ,Maize ,Direct planting ,Milho ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Overseeding ,Soybeans ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
RESUMO O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a contribuição do uso de plantas de cobertura em sistema de plantio direto e convencional nas culturas de soja, milho e arroz no Cerrado piauiense. O experimento foi realizado nos anos agrícolas 2010/2011 e 2011/12, de outubro 2010 a abril de 2012, na Serra do Quilombo, Fazenda Celeiro, município de Bom Jesus, PI. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com os sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional e plantio direto avaliados nas parcelas, e nas subparcelas, cinco sistemas de produção com culturas anuais (soja, milho e arroz) e plantas de cobertura. O sistema de plantio direto, por meio da produção de fitomassa oriunda da sobressemeadura de Urochloa ruziziensis e Pennisetum glaucum na soja, Urochloa ruziziensis semeada em consórcio simultâneo com o milho, resultou em reduções significativas na emergência e acúmulo de fitomassa seca das plantas daninhas predominantes na área (Spermacoce latifolia, Chamesyce hirta, Amaranthus viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis e Cenchrus echinatus). ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the use of cover crops, under direct planting and a conventional system, on crops of soybeans, maize and rice in the Cerrado area of the State of Piauí, Brazil (PI). The experiment was carried out during the agricultural years of 2010/2011 and 2011/12, from October 2010 to April 2012, in the Serra do Quilombo, on the Celeiro Farm in Bom Jesus, PI. The design was of randomised blocks in split lots. Soil management systems of conventional tillage and direct planting were evaluated in the lots, and five systems of annual-crop production (soybeans, maize and rice) and cover plants in the sub-lots. Due to the production of phytomass from the overseeding of Urochloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum in the soybean, and by Urochloa ruziziensis being sown intercropped with the maize, the system of direct planting resulted in significant reductions in the emergence and dry matter accumulation of weeds prevalent in the area (Spermacoce latifolia, Chamesyce hirta, Amaranthus viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis and Cenchrus echinatus).
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- 2016
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29. Eradication of Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) from apple propagating wood by hot water treatment
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Aldwinckle, Herb S., Gustavson, Herb L., Schmidt, Hanna, editor, and Kellerhals, Markus, editor
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- 1994
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30. Ceylanpınar Tarım İşletmesi'nde buğday üretiminde kontrollü tarla trafiği uygulamaları
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Şener, Ömer Bülent, Marakoğlu, Tamer, Enstitüler, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makineleri ve Teknolojileri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, and Tarım Makineleri ve Teknolojileri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Geleneksel toprak işleme ,Direct planting ,Ziraat ,Buğday ,Traditional soil cultivation ,Wheat ,Agriculture ,Doğrudan ekim - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, geleneksel ekim, doğrudan ekim ve doğrudan izli ekim uygulamalarının buğday üretiminde, verim ve verim parametreleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Denemeler, TİGEM Ceylanpınar Tarım İşletmesinde nadasa ekilen buğday bitkisi üzerine kuru tarım koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Geleneksel uygulamada; pulluk + ikileme aleti + hububat ekim makinası, doğrudan ekim uygulamasında; doğrudan hububat ekim makinası ve doğrudan izli ekim uygulamasında ise doğrudan izli hububat ekim makinası kullanılmıştır. Tüm parsellerin ekimi ve hasadı aynı tarihlerde birlikte yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda geleneksel uygulamada toplam yakıt tüketimi değeri 3,00 l/da, diğer iki uygulamadaki yakıt tüketimi değerleri ise 0,70 l/da olarak ölçülmüştür. Doğrudan izli ekim uygulamasına ait penetrasyon direnci ölçümleri sonucu ekim işleminden sonra boş bırakılan lastik izleri yerlerinden yapılan gübre, ilaç ve hasat işlemleri sonrası lastik izindeki penetrasyon direnci değişimi incelendiğinde sırasıyla, % 4-% 28,6-% 228,6 oranında ilk duruma göre toprağın sıkıştığı belirlenmiştir Uygulamalara ait tarla filiz çıkışı değerleri incelendiğinde en yüksek tarla filiz çıkışı % 95,6 ile doğrudan ekim uygulamasında, en düşük ise % 93,25 ile geleneksel ekim uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Uygulamalara bağlı olarak 2015 yılında buğday dane verimi değerleri 250-276 kg/da arasında değişim göstererek en yüksek doğrudan ekimde elde edilmiştir. Uygulamalara ait dane verimi değerleri üzerine yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, uygulamaların dane verimi üzerindeki etkisi istatistikî olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P, The effects of traditional planting, direct planting and directly traced planting application on efficiency and efficiency parameters in wheat production were scrutinized in the present study. The tests were conducted in dry farming conditions in fallow wheat plant in TIGEM Ceylanpınar Agricultural Enterprise. In traditional application; plough + doubling device + drill machine, in directly planting application; directly grain planting machine, and in directly traced planting application, directly traced grain planting machine was used. Planting and harvesting of all parcels was carried out together at the same dates. As a result of the evaluations, total fuel consumption value in traditional application was measured as 3,00 l/da, and fuel consumption values in the other two applications were measured as 0,70 l/da. As a result of the penetration resistance measurements in directly traced planting application, following the fertilizer, pesticide and harvest procedures carried out in tire trace places that were left empty after the planting procedure, when penetration resistance change in the tire traces were examined, it was determined that soil was compressed according to the first situation in the ratios of respectively 4%-28%, 6-228,6. When field sprout occurrence in the applications was examined, the highest field sprout occurrence was obtained in direct planting application as 95,6%, and the lowest was obtained in traditional planting application as 93,25%. Wheat grain efficiency values in 2015 depending on the applications differed between 250-276 kg/da and the highest value was obtained in direct planting. According to the variance analysis results of grain efficiency values of the applications, the effect of the applications on grain efficiency was found to be significant statistically (P
- Published
- 2016
31. Population fluctuation in soil meso- and macrofauna by the successive application of pig slurry
- Author
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Gilvan Moisés Bertollo, Geomar Mateus Corassa, Cassiano Carlos Kuss, Zaida Inês Antoniolli, and Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva
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Soil biology ,Population ,Liquid manure ,Soil Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Horticulture ,01 natural sciences ,Resíduos líquidos ,Soil fauna ,Diversity index ,Dominance (ecology) ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Fauna do solo ,Species diversity ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plantio direto ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Liquid waste ,Direct planting ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Slurry ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Organic fertilizer - Abstract
Pig farming has increased in recent years, resulting in the production of a large quantity of liquid manure, which can be used as a source of organic fertiliser. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of pig slurry on the community of soil fauna in a system of direct seeding. The study was carried out in an experimental area in the town of Taquaruçu do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a (4 + 1) x 4 factorial scheme, comprising five fertilisation treatments, 0 (no fertiliser), 20, 40 and 80 m3 of pig slurry ha-1 and one additional treatment (mineral fertiliser), with four evaluations corresponding to the number of slurry application (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th application), and four replications. The soil fauna was sampled using PROVID traps. The following were evaluated: the relative frequency of the groups of soil fauna, the populations of springtails and mites, density, richness, Simpson's dominance index and the Shannon diversity index. The populations of mites and springtails, and indices of diversity, richness and dominance are influenced by the successive application of pig slurry. Successive applications of pig slurry increase the diversity of the soil fauna by reducing the population of organisms of the Order Collembola. Canonical correlation analysis showed an association between the number of springtails and 80 m3 of pig slurry ha-1 after the third application. RESUMO A criação de suínos tem aumentado nos últimos anos, ocasionando a produção de elevada quantidade de dejeto líquido, cuja alternativa para seu uso é a aplicação no solo como fonte de fertilizante orgânico. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a influência de dejeto líquido de suínos na comunidade da fauna do solo em sistema plantio direto. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental no município de Taquaruçu do Sul-RS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial (4+1) x 4, sendo cinco tratamentos de adubações: 0 (sem adubo), 20; 40 e 80 m3 ha-1 de dejetos líquido de suínos e tratamento adicional (adubação mineral) e quatro avaliações: correspondendo ao número de aplicações do dejeto líquido de suínos (1ª, 2ª, 3ª e 4ª aplicação), com quatro repetições. As coletas da fauna edáfica foram realizadas com armadilhas tipo PROVID. Avaliou-se a frequência relativa dos grupos da fauna edáfica, população de colêmbolos e ácaros, densidade, riqueza, índice dominância de Simpson e diversidade de Shannon. A população de ácaros e colêmbolos e os índices de diversidade, riqueza e dominância são influenciados pela aplicação sucessiva de dejeto líquido de suínos. Aplicações sucessivas de dejeto líquido de suíno aumenta a diversidade da fauna do solo pela redução na população de organismos da ordem Collembola. A análise de correlação canônica evidenciou associação do número de colêmbolos com 80 m3 ha-1 de dejeto líquido de suínos após a terceira aplicação.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Weed community in a raw sugarcane renovation area submitted to different soil managements
- Author
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Soares, M. B.B., Bianco, S. [UNESP], Finoto, E. L., Bolonhezi, D., Albuquerque, J. A.A., Silva, A. A., Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio (APTA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), and Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
- Subjects
Saccharum spp ,Direct planting ,Minimum tillage ,Arachis hypogaea ,Fallow ,Phytosociology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:41:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:28:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582016000100091.pdf: 1726609 bytes, checksum: 5d8a713113668d526b5d64f7ef798baf (MD5) The objective of this study was to evaluate the weed community in a raw sugarcane renovation area with three soil managements and peanut sowing in succession. The experiment was conducted during the 2007/08 season on a raw sugarcane area harvested without prior burning in the last five cuts. A randomized block design with treatments arranged in a split plot and arranged in four replications was used. The main treatments consisted of three cropping systems: conventional tillage, minimum tillage and direct planting, and subplots consisted in the absence (resting) or presence of crop rotation with peanuts. After 135 days from planting peanuts and 180 days of sugarcane harvest, the number of weeds m-2 was counted and the shoot dry biomass of the weeds collected was determined. The data were interpreted by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability so that phytosociological indices a, b, c e d were calculated. The use of soil conservation tillage and peanut in rotation with sugarcane in the renovation areas is effective in controlling weeds and suppression of weed species difficult to control like Cyperus rotundus, Commelina bengalensis, Urochloaplantaginea, and Digitaria nuda. Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio (APTA) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP)
- Published
- 2016
33. Uso da teoria de números índices para adequação de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão Use of the theory of index numbers for selection of fertilizer and seed drills of precision
- Author
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Marcos R. da Silva, Luiz A. Daniel, and Afonso Peche Filho
- Subjects
tomada de decisão ,plantio direto ,direct planting ,mecanização ,decision-making ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,lcsh:S1-972 ,mechanization - Abstract
Com este trabalho, objetivou-se sistematizar dados contidos em um conjunto de catálogos tecnológicos referentes aos modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão disponíveis no mercado nacional, analisar as informações disponíveis, construir um banco de dados com as características técnicas e propor um índice classificatório para os modelos. Analisaram-se 93 catálogos fornecidos por fabricantes nacionais, possibilitando caracterizar 250 modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão. Com base em 31 características técnicas disponíveis nos catálogos, construiu-se um banco de dados utilizando-se nove dessas características, na formulação de um número índice denominado -Índice de Adequação- (IA). A aplicação do IA permitiu que se classificassem os 250 modelos em cinco categorias (A, B, C, D e E), sendo que 73% dos modelos analisados integraram as categorias A e B, indicadas para pequenas e médias propriedades; 19% completaram a categoria C, indicada para médias e grandes propriedades e 8% dos modelos integraram as categorias D e E, indicadas para grandes propriedades. Conclui-se, portanto, que o IA é uma ferramenta que poderá ser utilizada por produtores na tomada de decisão, para escolha da semeadora-adubadora mais adequada às características da propriedade.The objectives of this work were to systemize the data contained in a set of technical catalogues referring to models of fertilizer and seed drills of precision to analyze the available information in order to prepare a database with technical characteristics and to propose a classification index for the models based on these characteristics. 93 catalogues of fertilizer and seed drills of precision supplied by Brazilian manufacturers were analyzed for generating information to characterize 250 models. On the basis of 31 technical characteristics available in catalogues, a database was prepared in which 9 of these characteristics were used in the formulation of an index number, called -Index of Adequacy- (IA). The application of IA allowed to classify the 250 models in five different categories (A, B, C, D and E), where 73% of the analyzed models composed the categories A and B, indicated for small and medium farms; 19% composed the category C, indicated for medium and large farms; and 8% of the models composed the categories D and E, indicated for large farms. It may be concluded that the adequacy index is a tool that could be used by producers in the decision-making to select most adequate fertilizer and seed drill for farm characteristics.
- Published
- 2007
34. Effects of Planter Type and Seeding Rate in No-tillage Systems on Wheat Yield in Pol- e Dokhtar
- Author
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Mehranzadeh, Mohammad, rokrok, Borzoo shikhi, Mehranzadeh, Mohammad, and rokrok, Borzoo shikhi
- Abstract
In the cropping year 2013-2014, a split plot experiment using the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in a field in Pol-e Dokhtar in Lorestan Province to study the effects of planter type and seeding rates used in direct and customary planting practices. Results showed there were significant differences between planters with respect to percentage of broken seeds at the 1% level. Comparison of the means indicated the highest percentage of broken seeds (5.1%) belonged to the Barzagar-e Hamadani planter and the lowest to the Gaspardo and Sfoggia direct planters. Type of planter also influenced precision in longitudinal distance at the 5% level. Moreover, comparison of the means revealed that the best uniformity in appropriate longitudinal distance between seeds in planted rows was that of the Gaspardo and Sfoggia direct planters and the worst that of the Barzegar-e Hamadani planter and that the effects of various planters were significant at the 5% level. The Gaspardo and Sfoggia direct planters, with 88.26 and 86.49%, respectively, had the maximum uniformity in depth of planting, and the Barzegar-e Hamadani with 79.03% the minimum. ANOVA suggested the various planters were not significantly different in wheat yield, while the effects of seeding rate treatments on wheat seed yield were significant at the 5% level. Nevertheless, comparison of the means showed that the Gaspardo direct planter raised seed yield by 1.32 and 11.13% compared to the Sfoggia direct planter and the Barzegar-e Hamadani planter, respectively, and that it enjoyed relative superiority over them. Moreover, comparison of the means related to seeding rates indicated the 200 kg/ha rate increased seed yield by 11.05 and 24.36%, respectively, compared to the 160 and 240 kg/ha rates. Results of this research suggested direct planting with the Gaspardo planter at the seeding rate of 200 kg/ha achieved maximum seed yield. Therefore, this combination was recommended for the
- Published
- 2015
35. Corn energetic analysis at direct planting system, at a rural settlement, Itaberá/SP
- Author
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Ricardo Rodrigues dos Santos, Elias josé Simon, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
Physics ,Energetic balance ,Análise energética ,Corn ,Mineralogy ,Forestry ,Plantio direto ,Energy analysis ,Balanço energético ,Direct planting ,Milho ,Energy source - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T18:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:51:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN0102-9169-2010-25-01-121-137.pdf: 85155 bytes, checksum: 5cdadcc78c4bfeb0aebee59ef33f0652 (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar do ponto de vista energético o agroecossistema milho, em sistema de plantio direto, localizado na área III do projeto de assentamento de trabalhadores rurais Pirituba II, no município de Itaberá/SP. A análise energética quantificou todas as operações realizadas, juntamente com suas exigências físicas, os insumos utilizados e os grãos produzidos, classificando-os em seus respectivos fluxos, a partir da definição das entradas e saídas de energia, traduzindo-os em equivalentes energéticos e determinando, assim, a matriz energética do agroecossistema. Os índices calóricos utilizados foram os de eficiência cultural e e nergia cultural líquida. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram a dependência do sistema de fontes de energia industrial, provindas de fertilizantes (39,49%) e agrotóxicos (27,74%), e de energia fóssil do óleo diesel (24,94%). Os valores energéticos, referentes aos tipos de energia direta e indireta, apresentaram grandezas distintas, significando que as fontes energéticas utilizadas encontram-se pouco equilibradas. A eficiência cultural encontrada foi de 12,86 e a energia cultural líquida atingiu 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1. Num segundo momento, os dados obtidos foram comparados aos publicados por Bueno (2002), que realizou sua pesquisa no sistema de plantio convencional, onde as entradas culturais de ambos os sistemas apresentaram valores distintos, com 9.696,97 MJ x ha-1 (plantio direto), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional). As saídas úteis tiveram resultados diferentes com 124.722,89 MJ x ha-1 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectivamente. Portanto, a energia cultural líquida foi bem maior no sistema estudado (115.025,92 MJ x ha-1) comparativamente ao sistema convencional (70.334,60 MJ x ha-1). Também, é importante salientar que o dispêndio energético dos fertilizantes nitrogenados contribuiu para o elevado consumo energético das duas matrizes energéticas estudadas, e que há pouca contribuição da energia de fonte biológica em ambos os sistemas. The aim of this work was to proceed, from the energetic point of view, an analysis of a corn agroecosystem, on the direct planting, located at Pirituba II rural workers placement project, Área III, city of Itaberá/SP. The energetic analysis mesured all operations, together with its fisical demands, the inputs and produced grains, classifying them within their respective flux, based on the definition of energy inputs and outputs, converting them into energetic equivalents and, so, determining the energetic matrix of de agroecosystem. The caloric index used were cultural efficiency and cultural liquid energy. The results showed the dependence of the studied systems on the chemical energy sources, from fertilizers (39,49%), agrotoxics (27,74%), and fossile energy of diesel (24,94%). The energetic values of the direct and indirect energy showed a very big difference between them, what means that the energy sources used in the system are not balanced. The cultural efficiency found was 12,86 and cultural liquid energy got to 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1. Later on, obtained data was compared to already existing data in Bueno (2002), who researched conventional planting system. The cultural inputs of both systems were energeticaly different: 9.696,97 MJ x ha-1 (direct planting), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional planting). The outputs had very different results: 124.722,89 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectively. So, we had much more cultural liquid energy on the studied system: 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1, compared to convencional system: 70.334,60 MJ x ha-1. The energectic loss of nitrogened fertilizers contributed for the high energetic loss of both energetic studied matrices. There are few contribution from biological energy source in both systems. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18603970, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18603970, SP, Brasil
- Published
- 2010
36. Composição e diversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera) coletadas por armadilhas Moericke em uma área agrícola de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
- Author
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Luceli de Souza, Maria José de Oliveira Campos, Universidade São Francisco, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
Halictidae ,biology ,Apidae ,business.industry ,Ecology ,direct planting ,Andrenidae ,Species diversity ,Sowing ,Forestry ,apifauna ,Hymenoptera ,biology.organism_classification ,pantraps ,Ecologia de comunidade ,plantio direto ,Agriculture ,cultura anual ,annual crops ,Animal Science and Zoology ,armadilha de água ,Community ecology ,business ,Hectare - Abstract
Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0073-47212008000200012.pdf: 452806 bytes, checksum: bad091040f752eb349917d4c4f5ddb6c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0073-47212008000200012.pdf: 452806 bytes, checksum: bad091040f752eb349917d4c4f5ddb6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0073-47212008000200012.pdf: 452806 bytes, checksum: bad091040f752eb349917d4c4f5ddb6c (MD5) S0073-47212008000200012.pdf.txt: 40711 bytes, checksum: c90df6388a532ca6649ec559ebf4b031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:09:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0073-47212008000200012.pdf: 452806 bytes, checksum: bad091040f752eb349917d4c4f5ddb6c (MD5) S0073-47212008000200012.pdf.txt: 40711 bytes, checksum: c90df6388a532ca6649ec559ebf4b031 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0073-47212008000200012.pdf: 452806 bytes, checksum: bad091040f752eb349917d4c4f5ddb6c (MD5) S0073-47212008000200012.pdf.txt: 40711 bytes, checksum: c90df6388a532ca6649ec559ebf4b031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Foram estudadas a composição e diversidade de abelhas em uma área agrícola no município de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, de maio de 2003 a junho de 2004, utilizando armadilha de Moericke. O local de coleta, uma área com 58,08 hectares, caracteriza-se pela produção de grãos e a prática de plantio direto, sendo que 70% da área de entorno é utilizada para o plantio de cana-de-açúcar. Foram coletadas 456 abelhas distribuídas em 20 gêneros, pertencentes às famílias Andrenidae (4,8%), Apidae (40,8%) e Halictidae (54,4%). Espécimes dos gêneros Dialictus (38%) e Diadasia (30%) foram predominantes nesta área. A diversidade de espécies avaliadas pelos índices de Shannon e Simpson foram H =1,88 e 1/D= 4.15, respectivamente, e o índice de Equitatibilidade de 0,61. The composition and diversity of bees in an agricultural area in Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were studied from May 2003 to June 2004, using Moericke traps. The collection site, an area with 58.08 hectares, is characterized by grain production and direct planting, with 70% of the surrounding area planted with sugar cane. During the study, 456 bees were collected, distributed among 20 genera, pertaining to the families Andrenidae (4.8%), Apidae (40.8%) and Halictidae (54.4%). Specimens of genera Dialictus (38%) and Diadasia (30%) predominated in this area. The species diversity, assessed using the Shannon and Simpson indices, were H =1.88 and 1/ D= 4.15, respectively, and the Evenness index was 0.61. Universidade São Francisco UNESP Departamento de Ecologia UNESP Departamento de Ecologia
- Published
- 2008
37. Avaliação agro-económica da adopção da agricultura de precisão e da integração lavoura-pecuária no Cerrado brasileiro
- Author
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Lazarini, Denis Silveira, Silva, Francisco Gomes da, and Cordeiro, Luiz Adriano Maia
- Subjects
agricultura de precisão ,integration of agriculture and cattle ,precision agriculture ,productivity ,direct planting ,integração lavoura-pecuária ,Cerrado ,produtividade - Abstract
Mestrado em Economia Agrária e Sociologia Rural - Instituto Superior de Agronomia Intending to evaluate the adoption of the technology of precision agriculture agronomically and economically as well as the system of the agrarian and cattle production on the Brazilian "Cerrado"(Scrubland), it was used an irrigated area through a central pivot of 100 ha. It was cultivated beans (Phascoulus vulgaris L.) FROM 2003 TO 2006 INTERCHANGED WITH CATTLE BREEDING in 2004 and 2005.The precision agriculture is a group of data tools associated with the sample and soil analysis process that reduced the soil correctives in 30%, The integration of agriculture and cattle program started with the Brachiara planting (Brachiaria brizantha cv.marandu) after the beans sow in 2003. The accumulated nutrients of the cover biomass contributed for the increase of the beans productivity in 2006.Another relevant aspect observed with the cover introduction in the system was the significant reduction in the pulverizing amount of agricultural defensive. The introduction of the first cattle in the area of covered pasture was in August 2004 and the last in December 2005, and the average weight gain of each animal was 1,1 Kg a day. The economic evaluation concluded that the cost benefit relation was favorable for the adoption of the proposed production system in the study.
- Published
- 2008
38. Uso da teoria de números índices para adequação de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão
- Author
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Silva, Marcos R. da, Daniel, Luiz A., and Peche Filho, Afonso
- Subjects
tomada de decisão ,plantio direto ,direct planting ,mecanização ,decision-making ,mechanization - Abstract
Com este trabalho, objetivou-se sistematizar dados contidos em um conjunto de catálogos tecnológicos referentes aos modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão disponíveis no mercado nacional, analisar as informações disponíveis, construir um banco de dados com as características técnicas e propor um índice classificatório para os modelos. Analisaram-se 93 catálogos fornecidos por fabricantes nacionais, possibilitando caracterizar 250 modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão. Com base em 31 características técnicas disponíveis nos catálogos, construiu-se um banco de dados utilizando-se nove dessas características, na formulação de um número índice denominado -Índice de Adequação- (IA). A aplicação do IA permitiu que se classificassem os 250 modelos em cinco categorias (A, B, C, D e E), sendo que 73% dos modelos analisados integraram as categorias A e B, indicadas para pequenas e médias propriedades; 19% completaram a categoria C, indicada para médias e grandes propriedades e 8% dos modelos integraram as categorias D e E, indicadas para grandes propriedades. Conclui-se, portanto, que o IA é uma ferramenta que poderá ser utilizada por produtores na tomada de decisão, para escolha da semeadora-adubadora mais adequada às características da propriedade. The objectives of this work were to systemize the data contained in a set of technical catalogues referring to models of fertilizer and seed drills of precision to analyze the available information in order to prepare a database with technical characteristics and to propose a classification index for the models based on these characteristics. 93 catalogues of fertilizer and seed drills of precision supplied by Brazilian manufacturers were analyzed for generating information to characterize 250 models. On the basis of 31 technical characteristics available in catalogues, a database was prepared in which 9 of these characteristics were used in the formulation of an index number, called -Index of Adequacy- (IA). The application of IA allowed to classify the 250 models in five different categories (A, B, C, D and E), where 73% of the analyzed models composed the categories A and B, indicated for small and medium farms; 19% composed the category C, indicated for medium and large farms; and 8% of the models composed the categories D and E, indicated for large farms. It may be concluded that the adequacy index is a tool that could be used by producers in the decision-making to select most adequate fertilizer and seed drill for farm characteristics.
- Published
- 2007
39. Substituição da Brachiaria decumbens pela Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em sistema de plantio direto
- Author
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Campidelli, Oscar [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Lima, Sérgio Lazaro de [UNESP]
- Subjects
Direct planting ,Capim-braquiaria ,Pastagens ,Pasture ,Grass-braquiária ,Plantio direto - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campidelli_o_me_botfca.pdf: 937441 bytes, checksum: 8f941847f5081bc196641a7183b27b06 (MD5) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção da Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu semeada na palhada da Brachiaria decumbens. O experimento foi instalado em condição de campo, no ano agrícola 2005/06, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu/UNESP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. As parcelas foram implantadas com espaçamento único de 15 cm entre linhas. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: tratamento 1 (T1 - dessecou-se a B. decumbens e aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e 30 dias depois aplicou-se uma subdosagem com 2 Lha-1 e após 2 dias efetuo-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente), tratamento 2 (T2 - aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e imediatamente fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente), tratamento 3 (T3 - fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente e imediatamente aplica-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato), e tratamento 4 (T4 - aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e após 2 dias fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha com 20 kgha-1 de semente). Foram avaliados a cobertura morta proporcionada pela B. decumbens sobre o solo e o percentual de cobertura verde da Brachiaria brizantha, bem como sua matéria verde e seca, aos 30, 50 e 70 dias após semeadura (DAS). A quantidade de matéria morta cobrindo o solo aos 30, 50 e 70 dias após a semeadura (DAS), da Brachiaria brizantha, apresentou resultados negativos para a germinação, emergência, produção de massa verde e seca e porcentagem de cobertura verde, da mesma, nos tratamentos T2, T3 e T4, e um melhor resultado para o T1. Desta forma, pode- 2 se concluir que o melhor manejo é dessecar a cultura antecessora 30 dias ou mais, antes da semeadura da nova cultura. The present research aimed at to evaluate the production of Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu sowed in the palhada of the Brachiaria decumbens. The experiment was installed in field condition, in the agricultural year 2005/06, in Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu / UNESP. The treatments were set as a complete randomized experiment, with five repetitions. The portions were implanted with only spacing of 15 cm among lines. The applied treatments were: treatment 1 (T1 - the B. decumbens was desiccated and it was applied 6 Lha-1 of glifosato and 30 days later a dosage was applied with 2 Lha-1 and after 2 days make her the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1), treatment 2 (T2 - 6 Lha-1 of glifosato was applied and immediately it was made the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1), treatment 3 (T3- it was made the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1 and immediately 6 Lha-1 of glifosato is applied), and treatment 4 (T4 - 6 Lha-1 of glifosato was applied and after 2 days it was made the sowing of B. brizantha with 20 seed kgha-1). They were appraised the proportionate covering for B. decumbens on the soil and the percentage of green covering of the B. brizantha, as well as his green and dry matter, to the 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing (DAS). The amount of dead matter covering the soil to the 30, 50 and 70 days after the sowing (DAS), of the Brachiaria brizantha, it presented negative results for the germination, emergency, production of green and dry mass and percentage of green covering, of the same, in the treatments T2, T3 and T4, and a better result for T1. This way, it can be 4 concluded that the best handling is to desiccate the culture predecessor 30 days or plus, before the sowing of the new culture.
- Published
- 2006
40. Análise energética do milho em sistema de plantio direto, em assentamento rural, Itaberá/SP
- Author
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Santos, Ricardo Rodrigues dos [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Simon, Elias José [UNESP]
- Subjects
Assentamento rural ,Direct planting ,Milho ,Cultural liquid energy ,Análise energética ,Cultural efficience ,Corn ,Rural placement ,Plantio direto - Itaberá (SP) ,Energy analysis - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_rr_me_botfca.pdf: 739634 bytes, checksum: 22dd4ee99538bf6df069fdde6891965e (MD5) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar do ponto de vista energético o agroecossistema milho, em sistema de plantio direto, localizado na área III do projeto de assentamento de trabalhadores rurais Pirituba II, no município de Itaberá/SP. A análise energética quantificou todas as operações realizadas, juntamente com suas exigências físicas (quilogramas, litros, horas, metro, hectare, alqueire etc), os insumos utilizados e os grãos produzidos, classificando-os em seus respectivos fluxos, a partir da definição das entradas e saídas de energia, traduzindo-os em equivalentes energéticos e determinando, assim, a matriz energética do agroecossistema. Os índices calóricos utilizados foram os de eficiência cultural e energia cultural líquida. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram a dependência do sistema de fontes de energia industrial, provindas de fertilizantes (44,42%) e agrotóxicos (18,71%), e de energia fóssil do óleo diesel (28,06%). Os valores energéticos, referentes aos tipos de energia direta e indireta, apresentaram grandezas distintas, sendo que a energia indireta (65,60%) representou quase o dobro da energia direta (34,40%) utilizada no sistema, significando que as fontes energéticas utilizadas encontram-se pouco equilibradas. A 2 eficiência cultural encontrada foi de 14,39, apontando que para cada unidade calórica aplicada no agroecossistema o retorno foi de 13,39 unidades e a energia cultural líquida atingiu 115.388,28 MJ x ha-1. Num segundo momento, os dados obtidos foram comparados aos dados publicados por Bueno (2002), que realizou sua pesquisa neste mesmo agroecossistema, ano agrícola e área, porém em duas glebas diferentes que empregavam o sistema de plantio convencional. Na comparação entre os estudos, as entradas culturais de ambos os sistemas foram energeticamente muito semelhantes com 8.619,73 MJ x ha-1 (plantio direto)... The aim of this work was to proceed, from the energetic point of view, an analysis of a corn agroecosystem, on the direct planting, located at Pirituba II rural workers placement project, Área III, city of Itaberá/SP. The energetic analysis mesured all operations, together with its fisical demands (kilograms, liters, hours, meters, surface measures, etc), the inputs and produced grains, classifying them within their respective flux, based on the definition of energy inputs and outputs, converting them into energetic equivalents and, so, determining the energetic matrix of de agroecosystem. The caloric index used were cultural efficiency and cultural liquid energy. The results showed the dependence of the studied systems on the chemical energy sources, from fertilizers (44,42%), agrotoxics (18,71%), and diesel (28,06%). The energetic values of the direct and indirect energy showed a very big difference between them: indirect energy (65,60%) represented almost twice the direct energy (34,40%) used on the system, what means that the energy sources used in the system are not balanced. The cultural efficiency found was 14,39, pointing that for every caloric unity applied on the agroecosystem, the return was of 13,39 units and cultural liquid energy got to 115.388,28 MJ x ha-1. Later on, obtained data was compared to already existing data in Bueno 4 (2002), who researched corn agroecosystem, in the same agriculture period, at the same area, in two different gleba, with conventional planting system. Comparing both studies, the cultural inputs of both systems were energeticaly almost the same: 8.619,73 MJ x ha-1 (direct planting), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional planting). The outputs had very different results: 124.008,01 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectively. So, we had much more cultural liquid energy on the studied system: 115.388,28 MJ x ha-1, compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
- Published
- 2006
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