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ICTs have now become a buzzword in teaching and learning. Historically, technology has been developed to solve problems, improve living standards and increase productivity. In the educational context, the objectives of ICT are to increase productivity and solve teaching-learning problems. Information and communication technologies play a major role in shaping the new global economy and producing rapid changes in society. The purpose of the study is to find out the awareness level of various ICT devices, proficiency of ICT devices, and the usage of various ICT devices by the PG students. This study was descriptive research that adopts the survey method. Here the researcher used simple random sampling to select 50 samples. To conduct the present investigation, the researcher utilized a self-made questionnaire to gather data, it includes 32 items that are divided into three major dimensions on the basis of the research objectives. The researcher used Mean, SD, and t-tests for the statistical analysis of data. After analysis of the data this study found that there is a significant difference between male and female, and no significant difference between urban and rural PG students in the awareness level of various ICT devices. The two groups of students, namely male and female, differ significantly; the other two groups, urban and rural, do not differ significantly in terms of their proficiency in various ICT devices. The study also found that four groups of students namely male, female and urban, rural differ significantly in terms of the usage of various ICT devices.

In order to improve (re)production, the tissue specific expression profile of gene(s) involved in the various stages of reproduction should be studied thoroughly. For the same, Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of target genes in various biological samples could fulfil the aim. Various published literatures are evidence that the qRT-PCR technique is one of the most widely used and practical methods for detecting gene expression levels. In this technique, the use of housekeeping or reference gene acts as a calibrator, plays a vital role for quantification of mRNA expression levels of target gene in order to achieve objective and reliable findings. Housekeeping genes are responsible for the maintenance of basic cellular activities that are required for a cell's existence, regardless of the cell's specialised role in the tissue or organism. However, designing of primers and optimization of PCR conditions for a housekeeping gene was required to study the function of various other genes in buffalo endometrium. Therefore, the present study was aimed to optimize the β-actin gene as a housekeeping gene that stably expresses in the buffalo uterine endometrium, and establish β-actin gene primers for qRT-PCR technique.

Infrared thermography (IRT) is an advanced, safe, non-invasive, and contactless technology used to determine the surface temperature of an object. Thermal cameras absorb the infrared radiation generated by the surface, then transform it into electrical signals, and provide a thermal image of the body's surface temperature distribution. In addition to human medicine, IRT has mostly been used in veterinary medicine for diagnostic purposes and to detect distress in an animal. However, IRT can be a very effective technique for livestock and poultry breeding research viz. thermoregulation, reproduction, animal welfare, etc. Before preclinical testing, it is crucial to intervene to reduce the stress levels in experimental animals for the betterment of the experimental outcome. Where the infrared thermography could help us to monitor and assess the health status or the stress level in addition to behavioral and physiological parameters before the pre-clinical testing might be beneficial for better outcome and reproducibility. Therefore, this manuscript reviews the recent advances in infrared thermography and its use in animal science.

Growth and production of near threatened Ompok pabda (Hamilton) were examined at different feeding frequencies in the present study. The experiment was conducted for four months in three earthen ponds from 1st April to 31st July 2018 at Tanore Upazila in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. The experiment was performed using pabda, (Ompok pabda) fingerling (average) to study the effect of feeding frequency on growth performance. The study carried out considering three treatments, namely T1, T2, and T3; while the feeding frequency was two times per day in treatment T1, three times per day in treatment T2, and four times per day in treatment T3. Fish were fed considering three-stage of life span; these were fingerling stage, early growing stage, and growing stage. In the fry stage, the fishes were fed 20% feed, in the fingerlings stage the fish were fed 10% feed and in the growing stage, the fish were fed 8% feed of the body weight. The mean water temperature ranged between 27.13±2.10 and 27.29±2.16 °C among treatments, while water transparency ranged between 31.91±1.58 and 29.96±1.84 cm. pH ranged between 7.62±0.14 and 7.70±0.19; while the mean dissolved oxygen was ranged between 5.35±0.11 and 5.56±0.14 among treatments. The final weight gain was found to be highest (56.36±0.01) in the treatment T2 and lowest (38.23±0.01) in the treatment T3. The SGR value was higher (3.94±0.01) in the treatments T2 followed by treatments T1 and T3. Net weight gain was significantly (p

An important class of N-heteroacenes is indoloindoles which are air-stable, electron-rich and possess many tuneable properties. Initially, indoloindoles were explored for potential biological applications but current interest is based on their performance as photovoltaic materials. With growing applications of indoloindoles across multiple facets as organic functional materials, the need for efficient methods to synthesize and functionalize indoloindoles has taken a centre stage. Over the years, synthetic routes leading to indoloindoles have evolved from multistep protocols to one-pot multicomponent synthesis. Present literature boasts of a variety of reports that employ metals such as Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, or Au to mediate the reaction towards indoloindoles. As alternatives to such metal-mediated methods, researchers have also developed metal-free and catalyst-free conditions. Indoloindoles, which are fundamentally fused-indoles, are often synthesized by transforming indole derivatives but methods that employ anilines or arynes as the starting substrates are equally abundant. The present review highlights the rich diversity and versatility of recent literature for the synthesis of indolo[3,2-b]indoles, indolo[2,3-b]indoles, indolo[7,6-g]indoles, and indolo[5,4-e]indoles. This review discusses protocols that were explicitly designed to obtain the above-mentioned indoloindoles and also explores several other methods that can be adapted to access said heteroacenes. Available mechanistic details pertaining to novel transformations have been detailed for the readers. Various applications where indoloindoles function as organic light-emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors, solar cells, etc. have also been delved into before concluding with an outlook on future research.

A sulfonic acid functionalized tetraphenylethylene-based hypercrosslinked polymer (THP-SO3H) with a well-developed porous network and accessible sulfonic acid sites was synthesized and characterized by different analytical techniques. The catalytic prowess of the synthesized material THP-SO3H was investigated in a challenging dual C–C bond-breaking reaction for the synthesis of symmetrical triarylmethanes (TRAMs) in high yield. The scope of the developed metal-free method was also explored with a wide variety of substrates. The organocatalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused up to five consecutive cycles without substantial loss in its catalytic efficacy.

A simple protocol to synthesize indenes efficiently by PTSA catalyzed tandem Friedel–Crafts alkylation/hydroarylation of tertiary propargylic alcohol with electron-rich arenes is described. The desired indenes were obtained regioselectively in good to very good yields under mild reaction conditions. The allene intermediate was isolated to get an insight into the mechanistic pathway of the indene forming reaction.

In this paper, an analysis of linear and weakly nonlinear stability for an odd-viscosity-induced shear-imposed falling film over an inclined plane is performed. Using the Chebyshev spectral collocation approach, the linear effect for disturbance of arbitrary wavenumbers is numerically examined by solving the Orr–Sommerfeld eigenvalue problem within the framework of normal mode analysis. The study reveals that instability rises with increasing external shear in the streamwise direction. However, as external shear rises in the reverse flow direction, wave energy is dissipated, and the surface wave stabilizes. Furthermore, the longwave expansion method is applied to calculate the nonlinear surface deformation expression, and it is found that the odd viscosity has the ability to stabilize the fluid flow instability caused by a positive shear force. The investigation of weakly nonlinear stability is also performed using the multiple scale method, which led to the Ginzburg–Landau equation of the nonlinear surface deformation equation. The corresponding results confirm the significant effect of both imposed shear and odd viscosity coefficient on the existent subcritical unstable and supercritical stable zones along with unconditional and explosive zones near the threshold of the film flow instability. The bandwidth of the subcritical stable zone mitigates for the higher viscosity ratio while it enhances the flow-directed potent imposed shear. Additionally, the amplitude and phase speed of nonlinear waves in the supercritical stable regime rise with increasing induced shear in the fluid flow direction and gradually decrease with increasing the value of the odd viscosity coefficient.

A facile iron-catalyzed dual C–C bond cleaving reaction involving 1,3-dicarbonyl units along with electron-rich and sterically bulky arenes as efficient carbon-based leaving groups has been developed. The scope of the dual C–C bond breaking reaction was studied in detail using a range of nucleophiles to synthesize symmetrical triarylmethanes in good to excellent yields. We found success in isolating the intermediate of the reaction, formed via the initial Csp3–Csp3 bond cleavage, and subsequently converted the intermediate to the final product via the Csp3–Csp2 bond cleavage. A notable difference in the leaving aptitudes of the two carbon-based leaving groups perceived during the study enabled us to develop an application of the dual C–C bond breaking reaction for the synthesis of unsymmetrical triarylmethanes in a stepwise manner. To improve the synthetic utility, we have also fashioned a one-pot procedure to generate unsymmetrical triarylmethanes via sequential C–C bond breaking reactions. In addition to studying a novel dual C–C bond breaking reaction and providing a hint to the mechanistic pathway, the application molded from the study for the synthesis of symmetrical and especially unsymmetrical triarylmethanes may render value to the present work.

Active Sn(0) particles are synthesized in high yields by the chemical reduction of the blue–black stannous oxide using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as reducing agent at 40 °C and 60 °C. The Sn(0) particles are characterized using powder XRD, SEM, and DSC. The as-synthesized Sn(0) particles are applied as reagent for the regioselective synthesis of homopropargyl alcohols from propargyl bromide and aldehydes in distilled water at room temperature (in 50%–84% yields). No assistance of heat, microwave, ultrasound, organic co-solvent, co-reagent, or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The propargylation reaction is highly chemoselective towards aldehyde over other less electrophilic carbonyl functional groups such as ketone, amide, and carboxylic acid. Our in-house synthesized homopropargyl alcohols can be used to synthesize conjugated 1,3-diynes.

A novel redox-driven method to synthesize Pd-γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite from Fe 3 O 4 and PdCl 2 under modified hydrothermal technique has been developed. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, FESEM, TEM and EDX to understand the composition as well as morphology. The Pd-γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was found to show excellent catalytic activity towards Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in water without the assistance of ligands, organic solvents or phase transfer catalysts. A wide range of functional substitutions in aryl halide as well as arylboronic acid moieties is tolerated in the developed protocol. The nanocatalyst can be recovered magnetically, and reused up to six cycles without significant loss in its catalytic activity.

Active bismuth is synthesized by the chemical reduction of bismuth trichloride using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized active bismuth is applied as a reagent for the synthesis of homoallyl alcohol/homopropargyl alcohol from allyl bromide/propargyl bromide and carbonyl compounds in water at $$50\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ . The homoallyl amines are also synthesized from N-tosyl aldimines and allyl bromide using active bismuth reagent in good yields. No assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The waste bismuth material obtained after the completion of the organic reaction can be reduced to active bismuth by sodium stannite solution and successfully reused for mediating the allylation of aldehydes. Synopsis Active bismuth mediated allylation/crotylation of aldehydes is developed in water to get homoallyl alcohols. The method is also applied for the allylation of N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water to achieve the homoallyl amines and homopropargyl alcohols, respectively. The reactions do not require the assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere.

In this study, wind data of different location of Bangladesh has been analyzed collected from Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). From some analyses, Kuakata sea region has been selected as proper location for establishing wind power system. Through proper investigation it has been tried to find out the way for developing sustainable wind energy system which is to be developed in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Besides it has been analyzed different turbines and found which is better for a particular location. It has been observed that to provide a sustainable wind energy system, a minimum wind velocity of 4 m/sec is needed for specific turbine. Diesel generator has been used to supply deficiency of wind system during lower wind flow. Besides, converter and battery have been set up to store excess power. All of the theoretical endeavours have been observed through simulation. World renowned software named ‘Homer’ has been used for simulation. Using this software sensitivity analysis and optimization have been accomplished. Through all these efforts it has been tried to propose how to set up optimum wind power system.

Cerebrovascular disease represents an enormous burden of disease and disability to mankind. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtpa) within 3hr of symptomonset is currently approved for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Though it is widely used in western countries, the use of IV(intravenous) thrombolysis in peripherally located hospital is still a problem because for its short window period of 3hr of stroke onset.Here we are reporting the first case of IV thrombolysis in RIMS with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtpa) recently. 78 years old man presented to us with right hemiparesis, power (1/5), global aphasia and altered sensorium. Patient presented to us at around one and half hour of stroke. At the time of presentation patient National institute of health stroke scale(NIHSS) score was 12 and Barthel index was 0. CT head done show no infraction, patient was thrombolysedwith 50mgActilyse(alteplase) within 30 minute of arrival to the hospital. Patient started improvement within 30 minute of starting thrombolysis, after 12hr of thrombolysis patient had power(4/5) with mild sensory aphasia. Repeat CT shows large left Middle cerebral artery(MCA) infract and CT angiography shows normal circle of willis.

INTRODUCTION: Serratia marcescens is a member of the Entero bactereacae family. S. marcescens is widely distributed in nature. It is isolated as saprophytes from soil and water. Reports of nosocomial infections caused by S. marcescens have increased in recent years. Infections include UTI, RTI, Septicaemia, Meningitis and Endotoxic shock. Only small proportion (

We have isolated Salmonella Typhi from blood culture of ten cases of Enteric fever within a period of three months at Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine. The individual cases were from different geographical areas. Case 2, Case 5 and case 7 were from Dumdum. Isolation of ten cases within such a short period of three months between March, April & May 2014 prompted us to report them.

Due to minimized dead load, cable systems have a key advantage for spanning large distances.

Nivedita Setu is the state-of-the-art, multi-span extradosed cable stayed bridge supported by single plane of cables. This landmark six lane road bridge deck is 29m wide single cell precast concrete segmental box. The pier table supported on a single pylon pier was a critical part of the superstructure. Huge dimensions and massive weight of pier head and integrated with the pylon pier posed a major challenge to bridge engineers. An innovative state-of-the-art solution of steel- concrete composite structure was developed to simplify the construction in terms of both time and cost. The significance of hybrid steel stability frame-precast shell amalgamated into the optimum choice of handling and transportation of segments to bridge site without exceeding the capacity of construction machinery and erection tackles.The paper discusses the innovative technique in design and construction of the critical pier head segment and its impact on completion of the iconic bridge.