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The COVID-19 disease, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a very contagious disease that has killed many people around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, the spread of the disease appears to be slower in Africa. Although a number of studies have been published on the relationship between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 transmission, the effects of climate conditions on COVID-19 remain largely unexplored and without consensus following the main research finding over Africa (often based on a single country or city). Here, using available epidemiological data over 275 days (i.e., from March 1 to November 30, 2020) taken from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control of the European Union database and daily data of surface air temperature and humidity from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), this paper investigates the potential contributions of climate conditions on COVID-19 transmission over 16 countries selected from three bioclimatic regions of Africa (i.e., Sahel, Maghreb and Gulf of Guinea). On average, our main findings highlight statistically significant inverse correlations between COVID-19 cases and temperature over the Maghreb and the Gulf of Guinea regions, whereas positive correlations are found in the Sahel, especially over the central part including Niger and Mali. Correlations with specific humidity and water vapor parameters display significant and positive values over the Sahelian and the Gulf of Guinean countries and negative values over the Maghreb countries. In other word, results imply that the COVID-19 pandemic transmission is influenced differently across the three bioclimatic regions: i) cold and dry environmental conditions over the Maghreb; ii) warm and humid conditions over the Sahel iii) cold and humid conditions over the Gulf of Guinea. These findings could be useful for decision-makers who plan public health and control measures in affected African countries and would have substantial implications for directing respiratory disease surveillance activities.

Many soils of the inter-tropical regions are P-deficient because of their high fixing power and low P content. Rock phosphate resources used to produce the phosphate fertilizers are exhausted and chemical fertilizer are causing environmental degradation. This issue raised thequestion of sustainability of fertilization and subsequently has enhanced the interest in the use of microorganisms as biofertilizers. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize potential P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from two P deficient agricultural regions in Senegal. Twelve potential PSB were selected and further screened forother plant growth promoting traits (Indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) and siderophore production) and characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. All the isolates produced auxin and sevenof them produced siderophore. DNA sequencing showed that five isolates were affiliated to the genus Bacillus,four to the genus Staphylococcus, two to the genus Microbacterium and one isolate showed high similarities with members of the genus Burkholderia.The selected bacteria will further be tested onsomeplants to assess their biofertilization potential.

International audience; Description du sujet: Ces dernières années, la fibre de coco a été testée avec succès en milieu horticole pour plusieurs cultures ornementales et agronomiques où, elle est utilisée comme substrat principal ou mélangée à tous types de supports. Possédant une excellente propriété d'aération et de rétention d'eau, la fibre de coco favorise une croissance rapide des racines et de la plante en général.Objectif: La présente étude vise à déterminer la proportion optimale de fibre de coco apportée au sol pour une meilleure croissance de plants d’Acacia mangium en conditions semi-contrôlées.Méthodes: Pour ce faire, des plants d’Acacia mangium sont cultivés sur différents substrats comportant différentes proportions de fibre de coco. L’effet de chaque substrat a été évalué par la mesure des paramètres de croissance tel que: la hauteur des plants, la biomasse totale, le taux de nodulation et la teneur en azote et phosphore de la biomasse totale.Résultats :Il ressort de cette étude que l’utilisation de la fibre de coco seule comme un substrat de culture ne favorise pas une meilleure croissance et nodulation de A. mangium. De plus, la proportion de 2/3 de fibre de coco et 1/3 de sol semble être la meilleure dose. Conclusion: Il est donc important de l’utiliser comme un compost dans le milieu afin d’avoir une meilleure croissance et une bonne nodulation.

L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer sur une série prospective continue le diagnostic et la prise en charge de la mastodynie à l’institut Joliot Curie de Dakar. Nous avons suivi 80 patientes sur une période de 36 mois. Le bilan diagnostique était constitué d’une échographie chez les patientes jeunes, d’une mammographie chez les patientes de plus de 40 ans. En cas de découverte fortuite d’une lésion parenchymateuse une cytologie ou une biopsie était effectuée. En cas de persistance de la symptomatologie après 3 mois on demandait un bilan hormonal fait d’un dosage de la FSH, de la LH, et de la prolactinémie. Plus de la moitié des patientes avaient moins de 35 ans. Les patientes répondaient à une psychothérapie dans 20 % des cas, à un traitement anti-inflammatoire en topique associée à un antalgique de classe 2 dans 85 % des cas, à une progestérone locale dans 50 % des cas et à un traitement anti-oestrogénique oral dans 100 % des cas.Mots-clés : mastodynies, diagnostic, traitements.Treatment of mastalgia at Joliot Curie Institute in Dakar : about 80 casesThe objective of this study is to estimate on a continuous forward-looking series the diagnosis and treatment of mastalgia at Joliot Curie Cancer Institute in Dakar. We followed 80 patients during 36 months. All young patients had ultrasound and those who are up to 40 years had mammograms. In case of underlying previously unknow lesions, cytology or core needle biopsy were made. After 3 months of non effective treatment we asked for hormonal check by FSH, LH and prolactine level. More than 50% of patients were less than 35. We had good response to treatment by psychotherapy in 20% of cases, by local non steroidal anti-inflammatory with analgesic in 85% of cases, by local progesterone in 50% of cases and by antioestrogen in 100% of cases.Keywords: mastalgia, diagnosis, treatments.

Les Partenariats Public-Privé (PPP) sont devenus les nouveaux instruments de développement des infrastructures et d’amélioration de la qualité des services publics (Mazouz, 2008). Ils s’appliquent à différents domaines, notamment aux activités physiques et sportives. Dans le cadre des pays en développement comme le Sénégal, leur attrait n’est pas à démontrer du fait des besoins en services sociaux de toute nature (Marty et Voisin, 2007). Toutefois, malgré les bienfaits ou avantages qu’ils apportent à la construction des infrastructures ou à la qualité des services publics, ces nouvelles dynamiques contractuelles, entre les pouvoirs publics et leurs partenaires privés, doivent nécessairement épouser les contours sociaux des services publics ou infrastructures gérées en partenariat.Mots-clés: Partenariat Public-Privé, Service Public, Contrat, Sport, SénégalEnglish AbstractPublic-Private Partnerships (PPP) constitute new ways to develop infrastructures and enhance publics services. They are applied in many fields, especially in physical and sport activities. In developing countries like Sénégal, such partnerships are not to be proved due to the different needs in social services. However, these new contracts between government and private partners, should be in harmony with public services principles, despite the advantages which are linked to them.Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, Public Service, Contract, Sport, Sénégal

International audience; Acacia senegal (L) Willd. and Acacia seyal Del. are highly nitrogen-fixing and moderately salt tolerant species. In this study we focused on the genetic and genomic diversity of Acacia mesorhizobia symbionts from diverse origins in Senegal and investigated possible correlations between the genetic diversity of the strains, their soil of origin, and their tolerance to salinity. We first performed a multi-locus sequence analysis on five markers gene fragments on a collection of 47 mesorhizobia strains of A. senegal and A. seyal from 8 localities. Most of the strains (60%) clustered with the M. plurifarium type strain ORS 1032T, while the others form four new clades (MSP1 to MSP4). We sequenced and assembled seven draft genomes: four in the M. plurifarium clade (ORS3356, ORS3365, STM8773 and ORS1032T), one in MSP1 (STM8789), MSP2 (ORS3359) and MSP3 (ORS3324). The average nucleotide identities between these genomes together with the MLSA analysis reveal three new species of Mesorhizobium. A great variability of salt tolerance was found among the strains with a lack of correlation between the genetic diversity of mesorhizobia, their salt tolerance and the soils samples characteristics. A putative geographical pattern of A. senegal symbionts between the dryland north part and the center of Senegal was found, reflecting adaptations to specific local conditions such as the water regime. However, the presence of salt does not seem to be an important structuring factor of Mesorhizobium species.

28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1135-1138, This paper presents the main results of a research project called SHARCC, focused on rear contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells. Within this project, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), different tasks were shared by the partners taking into account their specific skills. This project led to efficiencies about 19% on innovative cell structures obtained with an industrial process based on laser ablation.