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Purpose: The objective of this work was to describe different presentations of peritoneal tuberculosis on ultrasound. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between 2008 and 2016 at the Main Hospital in Dakar, and including 38 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis. The tests were performed on Philips Envisor and Hitachi Preirus with 10 and 12 MHz linear transducers. The mean age was 26 years and the sex ratio was 0.8. The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis was based on histological evidence (17 cases), isolation of BK from sputum (5 cases), positive adenosine deaminase in ascites fluid (4 cases) or a favorable clinical course after trial antituberculosis treatment (4 cases). The structures studied were the parietal peritoneum, the mesentery, the large omentum, as well as the characteristics of ascites, and extra-peritoneal lesions. Results: Parietal peritoneal involvement was found in 89.4% of patients, including regular diffuse hypoechoic thickening in 70.5% and nodular thickening in 11.7%. Ascites was present in 84.2% of patients. The great omentum showed anomalies in 73.6% of cases in relation to 3 aspects: trilamellar thickening made up of a thick, hyperechoic central layer surrounded by 2 thin peripheral hypoechoic layers in 46.4% of cases; a single-layer hyperechoic thickening in 21.4% of cases; heterogeneous hyperechogenic thickening with hypoechoic nodules in 32.1% of cases. Mesentery abnormalities were noted in 63.1% of patients with hypoechoic thickening. Conclusion: Ultrasound with the advantage of safety and accessibility is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. In some cases, it allows for a guided percutaneous biopsy to avoid the use of laparoscopy., Purpose: The objective of this work was to describe different presentations of peritoneal tuberculosis on ultrasound. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between 2008 and 2016 at the Main Hospital in Dakar, and including 38 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis. The tests were performed on Philips Envisor and Hitachi Preirus with 10 and 12 MHz linear transducers. The mean age was 26 years and the sex ratio was 0.8. The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis was based on histological evidence (17 cases), isolation of BK from sputum (5 cases), positive adenosine deaminase in ascites fluid (4 cases) or a favorable clinical course after trial antituberculosis treatment (4 cases). The structures studied were the parietal peritoneum, the mesentery, the large omentum, as well as the characteristics of ascites, and extra-peritoneal lesions. Results: Parietal peritoneal involvement was found in 89.4% of patients, including regular diffuse hypoechoic thickening in 70.5% and nodular thickening in 11.7%. Ascites was present in 84.2% of patients. The great omentum showed anomalies in 73.6% of cases in relation to 3 aspects: trilamellar thickening made up of a thick, hyperechoic central layer surrounded by 2 thin peripheral hypoechoic layers in 46.4% of cases; a single-layer hyperechoic thickening in 21.4% of cases; heterogeneous hyperechogenic thickening with hypoechoic nodules in 32.1% of cases. Mesentery abnormalities were noted in 63.1% of patients with hypoechoic thickening. Conclusion: Ultrasound with the advantage of safety and accessibility is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. In some cases, it allows for a guided percutaneous biopsy to avoid the use of laparoscopy.

Closed loop obstruction occurs when a segment of bowel is incarcerated at two contiguous points. The diagnosis is based on multiple transitional zones. The incarcerated loops appear in U or C form or present a radial layout around the location of the obstruction. It's very important to specify the type of obstruction because, in patients with simple bowel obstruction, a conservative approach is often advised. On the other hand, a closed loop obstruction immediately requires a surgical approach because of its high morbidity and the risk of death in case of a late diagnosis., (Copyright © 2013 Éditions françaises de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Encapsulating peritonitis or "abdominal cocoon" is characterised by part or all of the digestive tube being encased in a thick membrane forming a sort of "cocoon". In addition to secondary forms related to peritoneal dialysis or those with drug related, inflammatory or tumour aetiologies, rare idiopathic forms have been described. We report here a case of an idiopathic form in a 15-year-old adolescent girl.