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1. Health systems strengthening through surgical and perioperative care pathways: a changing paradigm

Author: Rifat Atun, Kee B Park, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, John Meara, Abdul Ghaffar, Teri Reynolds, Alarcos Cieza, Ben Morton, Dion G Morton, Dhruva Ghosh, Jaymie Claire Ang Henry, Souliath Lawani, Sivesh Kamarajah, and Fareeda Agyei
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2024
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2. Strengthening health systems through surgery

Author: Abdul Ghaffar and Dion G Morton
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2024
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3. Global evaluation and outcomes of cholecystectomy: protocol for a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study (GlobalSurg 4)

Author: Janet Martin, Ewen M Harrison, Philip Alexander, Dhruv Ghosh, Catherine Shaw, Robert Sutcliffe, Ewen Harrison, Ewen Griffiths, Malcolm Cameron, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Riinu Pius, Ajith Siriwardena, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, John Primrose, Sohei Satoi, Rachel Guest, Dion G Morton, Omar Kouli, Amanda Dawson, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Nicolas Avellaneda, Alex Dermanis, Parvez Haque, Laura Kehoe, Souliath Lawani, Ana Minaya Bravo, and Ng Wee Han
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Introduction Cholecystectomy is one of the most common operations performed worldwide. Although laparoscopic surgery has been the ‘gold-standard’ approach for this operation, there is a paucity of global evidence around the variations of safe provision of cholecystectomy, including low-income and middle-income countries. This international collaborative study will allow contemporaneous data collection on the quality of cholecystectomies using measures covering infrastructure, care processes and outcomes, with the primary aim define the global variation in compliance with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative audit standards.Methods and analysis Global Evaluation of Cholecystectomy Knowledge and Outcomes is a prospective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study delivered by the GlobalSurg Collaborative. Consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy between 31 July 2023 and 19 November 2023 will be recruited, with follow-up at 30 days and 1-year postoperatively. The study will be undertaken at any hospital providing emergency or elective surgical services for biliary disease. The primary endpoint of this study is compliance with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative audit standards. Secondary outcomes include rates of 30-day complications, achievement of critical view of safety and rates of gallbladder cancer.Ethics and dissemination This project will not affect clinical practice and has been classified as clinical audit following research ethics review at University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust. The protocol will be disseminated through the international GlobalSurg and CovidSurg network.Trial registration number NCT06223061.
Published: 2024
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4. Erratum to ‘Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries’ [BJA Open 7 (2023) 100207]

Author: Mwayi Kachapila, Mark Monahan, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Yakubu Momohsani Adinoyi, Bruce M. Biccard, Christina George, Dhruva N. Ghosh, James Glasbey, Dion G. Morton, Osaheni Osayomwanbo, Rupert Pearse, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Saidu Yusuf Yakubu, Raymond Oppong, Denton Smith, Shrikant Peters, Adam Boutall, Graeme Wilson, Ettienne Coetzee, Margot Flint, Simphiwe Gumede, Shreya Rayamajhi, Sharon Bannister, Nonkululo Daniel, Maria Fourtouna, Rachel Moore, Nnosa Sentholang, Aghadi Ifeanyi kene, Amos Chukwu, Musliu Tolani, Abdulrahman Aliyu, Dalhat Salahu, Isa kabir, Ibrahim Salisu, Tinuola Adigun, Anthony Adenekan, Emmanuel Williams, Pradeep Kumar Bhatia, Ramkaran Chaudhary, Nikhil Kothari, Sanjeev Misra, Puneet Pareek, Dharma Ram Poonia, Kirti Kumar Rathod, Mahaveer Singh Rodha, Naveen Sharma, Nivedita Sharma, Subhash Chandra Soni, Vaibhav Kumar Varshney, Jeewan Ram Vishnoi, Satya Shree Balija, Anuj Goyal, Farhanul Hudda, Manoji Joshva, Rajkumar Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Shafiq Shajahan, Sameer Sharma, Sunil Kumar Singh, Praveen Talwar, Debendra Kumar Tripathi, Bhatt, Swati Daniel, Jyoti Dhiman, Sunita Goyal, Priyanka Hans, Parvez D. Haque, Deepak Jain, Harsharan Kaur, Karan Kumar, Amit Mahajan, Vishal Michael, Reuben Rajappa, Arti Rajkumar, Ravinder Singh Thind, Sreejith K. Veetil, Alisha Manisha Aggarwal, Parth Dhamija, Gurleen Kaur Garry, Himani Gupta, Ruchi Jakhar, Ashwani Kumar, Kshitij Kumar, Parmod Kumar, Gurtaj Singh, Sona Chowdhury, Neha Desai, Jyotsna Goswami, Sonia Mathai, and Viplab Patro
Subjects: Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Published: 2024
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5. Fluid Optimisation in Emergency Laparotomy (FLO-ELA) Trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy compared to usual care in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Mark R. Edwards, Gordon Forbes, Neil Walker, Dion G. Morton, Monty G. Mythen, Dave Murray, Iain Anderson, Borislava Mihaylova, Ann Thomson, Matt Taylor, Marianne Hollyman, Rachel Phillips, Keith Young, Brennan C. Kahan, Rupert M. Pearse, Michael P. W. Grocott, and for the FLO-ELA investigators
Subjects: Emergency surgical procedures/adverse effects, Hemodynamics/physiology, Intraoperative/methods, Postoperative complications/prevention and control, Prospective studies, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery are a major burden on healthcare systems. Optimal management of perioperative intravenous fluids may reduce mortality rates and improve outcomes from surgery. Previous small trials of cardiac-output guided haemodynamic therapy algorithms in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery have suggested this intervention results in reduced complications and a modest reduction in mortality. However, this existing evidence is based mainly on elective (planned) surgery, with little evaluation in the emergency setting. There are fundamental clinical and pathophysiological differences between the planned and emergency surgical setting which may influence the effects of this intervention. A large definitive trial in emergency surgery is needed to confirm or refute the potential benefits observed in elective surgery and to inform widespread clinical practice. Methods The FLO-ELA trial is a multi-centre, parallel-group, open, randomised controlled trial. 3138 patients aged 50 and over undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation to minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide protocolised administration of intra-venous fluid, or usual care without cardiac output monitoring. The trial intervention will be carried out during surgery and for up to 6 h postoperatively. The trial is funded through an efficient design call by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) programme and uses existing routinely collected datasets for the majority of data collection. The primary outcome is the number of days alive and out of hospital within 90 days of randomisation. Participants and those delivering the intervention will not be blinded to treatment allocation. Participant recruitment started in September 2017 with a 1-year internal pilot phase and is ongoing at the time of publication. Discussion This will be the largest contemporary randomised trial examining the effectiveness of perioperative cardiac output-guided haemodynamic therapy in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery. The multi-centre design and broad inclusion criteria support the external validity of the trial. Although the clinical teams delivering the trial interventions will not be blinded, significant trial outcome measures are objective and not subject to detection bias. Trial registration ISRCTN 14729158. Registered on 02 May 2017.
Published: 2023
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6. Implementation of a batched stepped wedge trial evaluating a quality improvement intervention for surgical teams to reduce anastomotic leak after right colectomy

Author: Mary L. Venn, Charles H. Knowles, Elizabeth Li, James Glasbey, Dion G. Morton, Richard Hooper, and ESCP EAGLE Safe Anastomosis Collaborative
Subjects: Stepped wedge trial, Batched stepped wedge, Incomplete trial design, Cluster randomised trial, Group randomised trial, Colorectal surgery, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Large-scale quality improvement interventions demand robust trial designs with flexibility for delivery in different contexts, particularly during a pandemic. We describe innovative features of a batched stepped wedge trial, ESCP sAfe Anastomosis proGramme in CoLorectal SurgEry (EAGLE), intended to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy, and reflect on lessons learned about the implementation of quality improvement programmes on an international scale. Methods Surgical units were recruited and randomised in batches to receive a hospital-level education intervention designed to reduce anastomotic leak, either before, during, or following data collection. All consecutive patients undergoing right colectomy were included. Online learning, patient risk stratification and an in-theatre checklist constituted the intervention. The study was powered to detect an absolute risk reduction of anastomotic leak from 8.1 to 5.6%. Statistical efficiency was optimised using an incomplete stepped wedge trial design and study batches analysed separately then meta-analysed to calculate the intervention effect. An established collaborative group helped nurture strong working relationships between units/countries and a prospectively designed process evaluation will enable evaluation of both the intervention and its implementation. Results The batched trial design allowed sequential entry of clusters, targeted research training and proved to be robust to pandemic interruptions. Staggered start times in the incomplete stepped wedge design with long lead-in times can reduce motivation and engagement and require careful administration. Conclusion EAGLE’s robust but flexible study design allowed completion of the study across globally distributed geographical locations in spite of the pandemic. The primary outcome analysed in conjunction with the process evaluation will ensure a rich understanding of the intervention and the effects of the study design. Trial registration National Institute of Health Research Clinical Research Network portfolio IRAS ID: 272,250. Health Research Authority approval 18 October 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04270721, protocol ID RG_19196.
Published: 2023
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7. Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Author: Mwayi Kachapila, Mark Monahan, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Yakubu Momohsani Adinoyi, Bruce M. Biccard, Christina George, Dhruva N. Ghosh, James Glasbey, Dion G. Morton, Osaheni Osayomwanbo, Rupert Pearse, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Saidu Yusuf Yakubu, Raymond Oppong, Aneel Bhangu, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W. Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M. Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J. Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J. Fergusson, J.C. Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L. Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O. Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A. Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M. Harrison, Azmina Verjee, Emmy Runigamugabo, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H. Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J. Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewar, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Saidbadr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B. Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R. Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi, Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman K.Z. Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G. Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M. Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W. Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M. Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A. Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M. Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O. Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A.A. Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, Céline Grosos, Laurent Fourcade, Tolg Cecilia, Colombani Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene, Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux, Bertrand Dousset, Roberto Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux, Jean-Baptiste Marret, Aurore Haffreingue, Julien Rod, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Jean-François Lecompte, Jean Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi, Chouikh Taieb, Raquillet Claire, Echaieb Anis, Nasir Bustangi, Manuel Lopezv, Aurelien Scalabre, Maria Giovanna Grella, Aurora Mariani, Guillaume Podevin, Françoise Schmitt, Erik Hervieux, Aline Broch, Cecile Muller, Dickson Bandoh, Francis Abantanga, Martin Kyereh, Hamza Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh, Adam Gyedu, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Michael Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh, Frank Owusu, Mabel Amoako-Boateng, Makafui Dayie, Richmond Hagan, Sam Debrah, Micheal Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety, Victor Etwire, Jonathan Dakubo, Samuel Essoun, William Bonney, Hope Glover-Addy, Samuel Osei-Nketiah, Joachim Amoako, Niiarmah Adu-Aryee, William Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey, Mattew Ekow, Emmanuel Akatibo, Musah Yakubu, Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie, Kenneth Aaniana, Emmanuel Acquah, Richard Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony Avoka, Kwasi Kusi, Kwame Maison, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif, Philip Taah Amoako, Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah, Enoch Dagoe, Prince Kwakyeafriyie, Elliot Akoto, Eric Ackom, Ekow Mensah, Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson, Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos Ferousis, Vasileios Kalles, Christos Agalianos, Ioannis Kyriazanos, Christos Barkolias, Angelos Tselos, Georgios Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris, Dimitrios Lytras, Athanasia Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos, Anastasios Stefanopoulos, Ioannis Patoulias, Dimitrios Sfougaris, Ioannis Valioulis, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Georgios Kyrou, Georgios Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos, Kolonia Konstantina, Nikolaos Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, T.W.C. Mak, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, K.C. Janardha, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan, Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani Natalie, Arlindawati Suyadi, Rudy Gunawan, Herlin Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun Hasanah, T. Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama, Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania Sutandi, Audrey Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew Billy, Andreass Haloho, Nadya Johanna, Felix Lee, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha Glynn, Mohammad Alherz, Wennweoi Goh, Haaris A. Shiwani, Lorraine Sproule, Kevin C. Conlon, Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar, Luca Turati, Federica Bianco, Francesca Steccanella, Gaetano Gallo, Mario Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico, Matteo Papandrea, Giuseppe Sammarco, Rosario Sacco, Angelo Benevento, Luisa Giavarini, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi Bucci, Gianluca Pagano, Viviana Sollazzo, Roberto Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio, Arianna Birindelli, Salomone Di Saverio, Gregorio Tugnoli, Miguel Angel Paludi, Pietro Mingrone, Domenica Pata, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Gianluca Pellino, Natale Di Martino, Gianluca Curletti, Paolo Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano, Stefano Berti, Elisa Francone, Silvia Boni, Laura Lorenzon, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Laura Gavagna, Giorgio Vasquez, Simone Targa, Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti, Giacomo Pata, Andrea Armellini, Deborah Chiesa, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Andrea Belli, Silvia De Franciscis, Annamaria Bigaran, Alessandro Favero, Stefano M.M. Basso, Paola Salusso, Martina Perino, Sylvie Mochet, Diego Sasia, Francesco Riente, Marco Migliore, David Merlini, Silvia Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini, Veronica Lazzari, Yuri Macchitella, Luigi Bonavina, Daniele Angelieri, Diego Coletta, Federica Falaschi, Marco Catani, Claudia Reali, Mariastella Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio Ribaldi, Massimo Coletti, Andrea Natili, Norma Depalma, Immacolata Iannone, Angelo Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi, Daniele Gui, Gerardo Perrotta, Matteo Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco, Erika Vicario, Federico Coccolini, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Nicoletta Leone, Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli, Andrea Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali, Elena Goldin, Elena Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli, Umberto Tedeschi, Luca Bortolasi, Paola Violi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Giovanni Lazzari, Calogero Iacono, Alfredo Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda, Anna Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni, Giuseppe Salamone, Mirko Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta Tutino, Vania Silvestri, Leo Licari, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolò Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Mostafa Shalaby, Pierpaolo Sileri, Claudio Arcudi, Isam Bsisu, Khaled Aljboor, Lana Abusalem, Aseel Alnusairat, Ahmad Qaissieh, Emad Al-Dakka, Ali Ababneh, Oday Halhouli, Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed, Justus Lando, Robert Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa, Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Justas Kuliavas, Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Kristijonas Jasaitis, Audrius Parseliunas, Viktorija Nevieraite, Margarita Montrimaite, Evelina Slapelyte, Edvinas Dainius, Romualdas Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Andrejus Subocius, Linas Venclauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Saulius Bradulskis, Simona Kasputyte, Deimante Mikuckyte, Mindaugas Kiudelis, Tomas Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas, Matas Pažuskis, Zigmantas Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas, Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas Gaižauskas, Edvard Grisin, Povilas Mazrimas, Rokas Rackauskas, Mantas Drungilas, Karolis Lagunavicius, Vytautas Lipnickas, Dovilè Majauskyté, Valdemaras Jotautas, Tomas Abaliksta, Laimonas Uščinas, Gintaras Simutis, Adomas Ladukas, Donatas Danys, Erikas Laugzemys, Saulius Mikalauskas, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene, Petras Višinskas, Reda Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas, Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis, Arturas Vaicius, Ruta Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R. Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S.Y. Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca A.L. Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, George Ihediwa, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Felix Alakaloko, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Olumide Elebute, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Omolara Williams, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, Olajide Abiola, Akin Olaolorun, Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Kristian Styles, Ragnar Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide, Elisabeth Jensen, Mads Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Tina Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss, Giedrius Lauzikas, Joachim Wiborg, Silje Holte, Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Michela Monteleone, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz, Taher Al-Taher, Ayah Hamdan, Ayman Salman, Rana Saadeh, Aseel Musleh, Dana Jaradat, Soha Abushamleh, Sakhaa Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel Hamarshi, Ayman, Taher, Israa Qawasmi, Khalid Qurie, Marwa Altarayra, Mohammad Ghannam, Alaa Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-Toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Enas Alaloul, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-Saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-Farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi, Ahmed Al-Khatib, Maha Al-Faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahed Ghaben, Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Noman Shahzad, Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat Ul Razi, Asdaq Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi, Ibrahim Raza, Fatima Baluch, Ahmed Raza, Ahmad Bani-Sadar, Muhammad Adil, Awais Raza, Mahnoor Javaid, Muhammad Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan, Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V. Mora, Menold Archee P. Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B. Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut Negoi, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh A. Alghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Aroub Alkaaki, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Sondos Turkustani, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Sarah Sahel, Reham Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, D.C. Grobler, Sule Burger, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L. Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A.B. Jayathilake, S.P.B. Thalgaspitiya, L.S. Wijayarathna, P.M.S.N. Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther H.G. Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S. D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D. Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B. O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Uluşahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K. Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M.H. Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco
Subjects: abdominal surgery, cost-effectiveness analysis, global surgery, high fraction of inspired oxygen, low-and middle-income countries, surgical site infection, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract: Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.
Published: 2023
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8. Systematic review of preoperative and intraoperative colorectal Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS)

Author: Charles H Knowles, Richard L Hooper, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Tom Pampiglione, Mary L Venn, and Dion G Morton
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Objective To systematically review preoperative and intraoperative Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS) and validation studies to evaluate performance and utility in surgical decision-making. Anastomotic leak (AL) is the most feared complication of colorectal surgery. Individualised leak risk could guide anastomosis and/or diverting stoma.Methods Systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases, 30 October 2020, identified existing ALPS and validation studies. All records including >1 risk factor, used to develop new, or to validate existing models for preoperative or intraoperative use to predict colorectal AL, were selected. Data extraction followed CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies guidelines. Models were assessed for applicability for surgical decision-making and risk of bias using Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool.Results 34 studies were identified containing 31 individual ALPS (12 colonic/colorectal, 19 rectal) and 6 papers with validation studies only. Development dataset patient populations were heterogeneous in terms of numbers, indication for surgery, urgency and stoma inclusion. Heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Definitions and timeframe for AL were available in only 22 and 11 ALPS, respectively. 26/31 studies used some form of multivariable logistic regression in their modelling. Models included 3–33 individual predictors. 27/31 studies reported model discrimination performance but just 18/31 reported calibration. 15/31 ALPS were reported with external validation, 9/31 with internal validation alone and 4 published without any validation. 27/31 ALPS and every validation study were scored high risk of bias in model analysis.Conclusions Poor reporting practices and methodological shortcomings limit wider adoption of published ALPS. Several models appear to perform well in discriminating patients at highest AL risk but all raise concerns over risk of bias, and nearly all over wider applicability. Large-scale, precisely reported external validation studies are required.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020164804.
Published: 2023
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9. The impact of preoperative oral nutrition supplementation on outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Stephen R. Knight, Ahmad U. Qureshi, Thomas M. Drake, Marie Carmela M. Lapitan, Mayaba Maimbo, Edwin Yenli, Stephen Tabiri, Dhruva Ghosh, Pamela A. Kingsley, Sudha Sundar, Catherine Shaw, Apple P. Valparaiso, Aneel Bhangu, Peter Brocklehurst, Laura Magill, Dion G. Morton, John Norrie, Tracey E. Roberts, Evropi Theodoratou, Thomas G. Weiser, Sorrel Burden, and Ewen M. Harrison
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Malnutrition is an independent predictor for postoperative complications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed evidence on the impact of preoperative oral nutrition supplementation (ONS) on patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery in LMICs. We searched EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, WHO Global Index Medicus, SciELO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases from inception to March 21, 2022 for randomised controlled trials evaluating preoperative ONS in gastrointestinal cancer within LMICs. We evaluated the impact of ONS on all postoperative outcomes using random-effects meta-analysis. Seven studies reported on 891 patients (446 ONS group, 445 control group) undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Preoperative ONS reduced all cause postoperative surgical complications (risk ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% CI 0.46–0.60, P
Published: 2022
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10. The cost of pediatric abdominal tuberculosis treatment in India: Evidence from a teaching hospital

Author: Mwayi Kachapila, Shreya Sindhu, Jyoti Dhiman, Dhruva N. Ghosh, Susan John, Mark Monahan, Dion G. Morton, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Raymond Oppong, and Marc Henrion
Subjects: abdominal tuberculosis, cost-of-illness, India, pediatric, Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract: This study estimated the treatment cost of pediatric abdominal tuberculosis that potentially needs surgical treatment in India. Data were collected from 38 in-patient children at Christian Medical Hospital, Ludhiana as part of a clinical study conducted to establish the patterns of presentation and outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis in an Indian setting. A bottom-up approach was used to estimate the costs from a healthcare provider perspective, and a generalized linear model (GLM) was run to find variables that had an impact on the costs. Costs were reported in international dollars ($) and India Rupees (INR). The results show that the average direct cost was $3095.00 (standard deviation [SD]: 3480.82) or 68,065.13 INR (SD: 76,539.69). The GLM results established that duration of treatment and surgical treatment were significantly associated with higher costs. Efforts of eliminating the condition should be strengthened.
Published: 2023
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11. Machine learning identifies clusters of the normal adolescent spine based on sagittal balance

Author: Birhiray, Dion G., Chilukuri, Srikhar V., Witsken, Caleb C., Wang, Maggie, Scioscia, Jacob P., Gehrchen, Martin, Deveza, Lorenzo R., and Dahl, Benny
Published: 2025
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12. Preliminary model assessing the cost-effectiveness of preoperative chlorhexidine mouthwash at reducing postoperative pneumonia among abdominal surgery patients in South Africa.

Author: Mwayi Kachapila, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Bruce M Biccard, Dhruva N Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark Monahan, Rachel Moore, Dion G Morton, Raymond Oppong, Rupert Pearse, Tracy E Roberts, NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, ASOS Investigators, and STARSurg Collaborative
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundPneumonia is a common and severe complication of abdominal surgery, it is associated with increased length of hospital stay, healthcare costs, and mortality. Further, pulmonary complication rates have risen during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study explored the potential cost-effectiveness of administering preoperative chlorhexidine mouthwash versus no-mouthwash at reducing postoperative pneumonia among abdominal surgery patients.MethodsA decision analytic model taking the South African healthcare provider perspective was constructed to compare costs and benefits of mouthwash versus no-mouthwash-surgery at 30 days after abdominal surgery. We assumed two scenarios: (i) the absence of COVID-19; (ii) the presence of COVID-19. Input parameters were collected from published literature including prospective cohort studies and expert opinion. Effectiveness was measured as proportion of pneumonia patients. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of parameter uncertainties. The results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis were presented using cost-effectiveness planes and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.ResultsIn the absence of COVID-19, mouthwash had lower average costs compared to no-mouthwash-surgery, $3,675 (R 63,770) versus $3,958 (R 68,683), and lower proportion of pneumonia patients, 0.029 versus 0.042 (dominance of mouthwash intervention). In the presence of COVID-19, the increase in pneumonia rate due to COVID-19, made mouthwash more dominant as it was more beneficial to reduce pneumonia patients through administering mouthwash. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curves shown that mouthwash surgery is likely to be cost-effective between $0 (R0) and $15,000 (R 260,220) willingness to pay thresholds.ConclusionsBoth the absence and presence of SARS-CoV-2, mouthwash is likely to be cost saving intervention for reducing pneumonia after abdominal surgery. However, the available evidence for the effectiveness of mouthwash was extrapolated from cardiac surgery; there is now an urgent need for a robust clinical trial on the intervention on non-cardiac surgery.
Published: 2021
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13. Validation of epigenetic markers to identify colitis associated cancer: Results of module 1 of the ENDCAP-C studyResearch in context

Author: Andrew D. Beggs, Samir Mehta, Jonathan J. Deeks, Jonathan D. James, Germaine M. Caldwell, Mark P. Dilworth, Joanne D. Stockton, Daniel Blakeway, Valerie Pestinger, Alexandra Vince, Phillipe Taniere, Tariq Iqbal, Laura Magill, Glenn Matthews, and Dion G. Morton
Subjects: Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background: Chronic inflammation caused by ulcerative colitis (UC) causes a pro-neoplastic drive in the inflamed colon, leading to a markedly greater risk of invasive malignancy compared to the general population. Despite surveillance protocols, 50% of cases proceed to cancer before neoplasia is detected. The Enhanced Neoplasia Detection and Cancer Prevention in Chronic Colitis (ENDCaP-C) trial is an observational multi-centre test accuracy study to ascertain the role of molecular markers in improving the detection of dysplasia. We aimed to validate previously identified biomarkers of neoplasia in a retrospective cohort and create predictive models for later validation in a prospective cohort. Methods: A retrospective analysis using bisulphite pyrosequencing of an 11 marker panel (SFRP1, SFRP2, SRP4, SRP5, WIF1, TUBB6, SOX7, APC1A, APC2, MINT1, RUNX3) in samples from 35 patients with cancer, 78 with dysplasia and 343 without neoplasia undergoing surveillance for UC associated neoplasia across 6 medical centres. Predictive models for UC associated cancer/dysplasia were created in the setting of neoplastic and non-neoplastic mucosa. Findings: For neoplastic mucosa a five marker panel (SFRP2, SFRP4, WIF1, APC1A, APC2) was accurate in detecting pre-cancerous and invasive neoplasia (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.88), and dysplasia (AUC = 0.88; (0.84, 0.91). For non-neoplastic mucosa a four marker panel (APC1A, SFRP4, SFRP5, SOX7) had modest accuracy (AUC = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.62,0.73) in predicting associated bowel neoplasia through the methylation signature of distant non-neoplastic colonic mucosa. Interpretation: This multiplex methylation marker panel is accurate in the detection of ulcerative colitis associated dysplasia and neoplasia and is currently being validated in a prospective clinical trial. Funding: The ENDCAP-C study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme (11/100/29).
Published: 2019
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14. Clinical and economic burden of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Quebec, Canada

Author: Tarride JE, Hopkins RB, Burke N, Guertin JR, O'Reilly D, Fell CD, Dion G, and Kolb M
Subjects: Cost of illness, Healthcare utilization, Incidence, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Canada, Medicine (General), R5-920, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Jean-Eric Tarride,1,2 Robert B Hopkins,1,2 Natasha Burke,1,2 Jason R Guertin,3,4 Daria O’Reilly,1,2 Charlene D Fell,5 Genevieve Dion,6 Martin Kolb7 1Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; 2Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH), The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; 3Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; 4Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Quebec City, QC, Canada; 5Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; 6Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; 7Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), although rare, is a severe and costly disease.Objective: To estimate the clinical and economic burden of IPF over multiple years before and after diagnosis using comprehensive administrative databases for the province of Quebec, Canada.Methods: Several administrative databases from Quebec, providing information on hospital care, community care, and pharmaceuticals, were linked over a 5-year period ending March 31, 2011, which was before approval of antifibrotic drugs in Canada. Prevalent and incident IPF cases were defined using International Classification Disease-10-CA codes and International Classification Disease-9-CM codes. We used a broad definition that excluded cases with subsequent diagnosis of other interstitial lung diseases and a narrow definition that required further diagnostic testing to confirm IPF diagnosis. Incident cases had an IPF code in a particular year without any IPF code in the 2 previous years. Health care resource utilization before and after the index diagnosis date was determined and costs calculated. Costs were expressed in 2016 Canadian dollars.Results: Over 5-years, 10,579 (mean age: 76.4; 58% male) satisfied the broad definition of IPF and 8,683 (mean age: 74.5; 57% male) satisfied the narrow definition (82% of broad). Incidences of IPF overall were 25.8 and 21.7/100,000 population for broad and narrow definitions, respectively. Three-year survival was 40% and 37% in broad and narrow cohorts, respectively. For both cohorts, health care resource utilization and costs increased several years before diagnosis ($2,721 and $7,049/patient 5 years and 2 years prior to diagnosis using a broad definition, respectively) and remained elevated for multiple years post diagnosis ($12,978 and $8,267 at 2 and 3 years postdiagnosis).Conclusion: Health care resource utilization and costs of IPF increase many years prior to diagnosis. Incorporating multiyear annual costs before and after diagnosis results in a higher estimate of the economic burden of IPF than previous studies using a 1-year time frame. Keywords: cost of illness, health care utilization, incidence, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Canada
Published: 2018

15. Surgical site infection and costs in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the economic burden.

Author: Mark Monahan, Susan Jowett, Thomas Pinkney, Peter Brocklehurst, Dion G Morton, Zainab Abdali, and Tracy E Roberts
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Surgical site infection (SSI) is a worldwide problem which has morbidity, mortality and financial consequences. The incidence rate of SSI is high in Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) compared to high income countries, and the costly surgical complication can raise the potential risk of financial catastrophe. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study is to critically appraise studies on the cost of SSI in a range of LMIC studies and compare these estimates with a reference standard of high income European studies who have explored similar SSI costs. METHODS:A systematic review was undertaken using searches of two electronic databases, EMBASE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, up to February 2019. Study characteristics, comparator group, methods and results were extracted by using a standard template. RESULTS:Studies from 15 LMIC and 16 European countries were identified and reviewed in full. The additional cost of SSI range (presented in 2017 international dollars) was similar in the LMIC ($174-$29,610) and European countries ($21-$34,000). Huge study design heterogeneity was encountered across the two settings. DISCUSSION:SSIs were revealed to have a significant cost burden in both LMICs and High Income Countries in Europe. The magnitude of the costs depends on the SSI definition used, severity of SSI, patient population, choice of comparator, hospital setting, and cost items included. Differences in study design affected the comparability across studies. There is need for multicentre studies with standardized data collection methods to capture relevant costs and consequences of the infection across income settings.
Published: 2020
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16. A Rapid and Simple Bioassay Method for Herbicide Detection

Author: Xiu-Qing Li, Alan Ng, Russell King, and Dion G. Durnford
Subjects: herbicidal activity detection, run-off, Chlamydomonas, paper-disk, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, has been used in bioassay detection of a variety of toxic compounds such as pesticides and toxic metals, but mainly using liquid culture systems. In this study, an algal lawn--agar system for semi-quantitative bioassay of herbicidal activities has been developed. Sixteen different herbicides belonging to 11 different categories were applied to paper disks and placed on green alga lawns in Petri dishes. Presence of herbicide activities was indicated by clearing zones around the paper disks on the lawn 2-3 days after application. The different groups of herbicides induced clearing zones of variable size that depended on the amount, mode of action, and chemical properties of the herbicides applied to the paper disks. This simple, paper-disk-algal system may be used to detect the presence of herbicides in water samples and act as a quick and inexpensive semi-quantitative screening for assessing herbicide contamination.
Published: 2008

17. Translocation of Proteins into Complex Plastids with Three Envelope Membranes

Author: Durnford, Dion G., Schwartzbach, Steven D., Schwartzbach, Steven D., editor, Kroth, Peter G., editor, and Oborník, Miroslav, editor
Published: 2024
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18. Photoacclimation strategies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to high-light stress in stationary phase

Author: Devkota, Shilpa and Durnford, Dion G.
Published: 2025
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19. Loss of expression and promoter methylation of SLIT2 are associated with sessile serrated adenoma formation.

Author: Andrew D Beggs, Angela Jones, Neil Shepherd, Abed Arnaout, Caroline Finlayson, A Muti Abulafi, Dion G Morton, Glenn M Matthews, Shirley V Hodgson, and Ian P M Tomlinson
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Serrated adenomas form a distinct subtype of colorectal pre-malignant lesions that may progress to malignancy along a different molecular pathway than the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Previous studies have hypothesised that BRAF mutation and promoter hypermethylation plays a role, but the evidence for this is not robust. We aimed to carry out a whole-genome loss of heterozygosity analysis, followed by targeted promoter methylation and expression analysis to identify potential pathways in serrated adenomas. An initial panel of 9 sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) and one TSA were analysed using Illumina Goldengate HumanLinkage panel arrays to ascertain regions of loss of heterozygosity. This was verified via molecular inversion probe analysis and microsatellite analysis of a further 32 samples. Methylation analysis of genes of interest was carried out using methylation specific PCR (verified by pyrosequencing) and immunohistochemistry used to correlate loss of expression of genes of interest. All experiments used adenoma samples and normal tissue samples as control. SSA samples were found on whole-genome analysis to have consistent loss of heterozygosity at 4p15.1-4p15.31, which was not found in the sole TSA, adenomas, or normal tissues. Genes of interest in this region were PDCH7 and SLIT2, and combined MSP/IHC analysis of these genes revealed significant loss of SLIT2 expression associated with promoter methylation of SLIT2. Loss of expression of SLIT2 by promoter hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity events is significantly associated with serrated adenoma development, and SLIT2 may represent a epimutated tumour suppressor gene according to the Knudson "two hit" hypothesis.
Published: 2013
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20. A systematic review of systematic reviews and panoramic meta-analysis: staples versus sutures for surgical procedures.

Author: Karla Hemming, Thomas Pinkney, Kay Futaba, Mary Pennant, Dion G Morton, and Richard J Lilford
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the evidence across surgical specialties as to whether staples or sutures better improve patient and provider level outcomes. DESIGN:A systematic review of systematic reviews and panoramic meta-analysis of pooled estimates. RESULTS:Eleven systematic reviews, including 13,661 observations, met the inclusion criteria. In orthopaedic surgery sutures were found to be preferable, and for appendicial stump sutures were protective against both surgical site infection and post surgical complications. However, staples were protective against leak in ilecolic anastomosis. For all other surgery types the evidence was inconclusive with wider confidence intervals including the possibly of preferential outcomes for surgical site infection or post surgical complication for either staples or sutures. Whilst reviews showed substantial variation in mean differences in operating time (I(2) 94%) there was clear evidence of a reduction in average operating time across all surgery types. Few reviews reported on length of stay, but the three reviews that did (I(2) 0%, including 950 observations) showed a non significant reduction in length of stay, but showed evidence of publication bias (P-value for Egger test 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Evidence across surgical specialties indicates that wound closure with staples reduces the mean operating time. Despite including several thousand observations, no clear evidence of superiority emerged for either staples or sutures with respect to surgical site infection, post surgical complications, or length of stay.
Published: 2013
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21. Routine sterile glove and instrument change at the time of abdominal wound closure to prevent surgical site infection (ChEETAh): a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Kachapila, Mwayi, Oppong, Raymond, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Bhangu, Aneel, Dauda, Risikat, Ghosh, Dhruva N., Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Lawani, Ismail, Medina, Antonio Ramos-De la, Monahan, Mark, Morton, Dion G., Omar, Omar, Picciochi, Maria, Tabiri, Stephen, Roberts, Tracy E., Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Glasbey, James, Hardy, Pollyanna, Harrison, Ewen, Lillywhite, Rachel, Magill, Laura, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Simoes, Joana, Smith, Donna, Kadir, Bryar, Pinkney, Thomas, Brant, Felicity, Li, Elizabeth, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Bahrami-Hessari, Michael, Bywater, Edward, Martinez, Laura, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Williams, Emmanuel, Fourtounas, Maria, Melic, Bokossa K. Covalic, Suroy, Atul, Ahogni, Didier, Ahounou, Aristide, Boukari, K. Alassan, Gbehade, Oswald, Hessou, Thierry K, Nindopa, Sinama, Nontonwanou, M.J. Bienvenue, Guessou, Nafissatou Orou, Sambo, Arouna, Tchati, Sorekou Victoire, Tchogo, Affisatou, Tobome, Semevo Romaric, Yanto, Parfait, Gandaho, Isidore, Hadonou, Armel, Hinvo, Simplice, Hodonou, Montcho Adrien, Tamou, Sambo Bio, Lawani, Souliath, Dossou, Francis Moise, Gaou, Antoine, Goudou, Roland, Kouroumta, Marie-Claire, Malade, Enrif, Dikao, Anne stredy Mkoh, Nsilu, Joel Nzuwa, Ogouyemi, Pencome, Akpla, Marcelin, Mitima, Nathan Bisimwa, Kovohouande, Blaise, Loupeda, Stephane Laurent, Agbangla, Mamonde Victorin, Hedefoun, Sena Emmanuel, Mavoha, Thierry, Ngaguene, Juvenal, Rugendabanga, Janvier, Soton, Rish Romaric, Totin, Martin, Agbadebo, Mouhamed, Dewamon, Hubert, Akpo, Irene, Djeto, Martin, Hada, Aissatou, Hollo, Monsede, Houndji, Albert, Houndote, Anasthasie, Hounsa, Sylvestre, Kpatchassou, Expedit, Yome, Hugues, Alidou, Mohamed Moussa, Bara, Eric Jerry, Yovo, B.T. Bonheur Dossou, Guinnou, Robert, Hamadou, Souleymane, Kola, H.Pauline, Moussa, Nabil, Cakpo, Boniface, Etchisse, Lolyta, Hatangimana, Emery, Muhindo, Moise, Sanni, Katia, Yevide, Agossou Barthelemy, Agossou, Hermann, Musengo, Fiston Basirwa, Behanzin, Hulrich, Seto, Djifid Morel, Alia, Bill Armstrong, Alitonou, Arnaud, Mehounou, Y.Edith, Agbanda, Lucien, Attinon, Julien, Hounsou, Nounagnon Rene, Gbassi, Marcel, Adagrah, Aniakwo, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, Boakye, Benedict, Debrah, Samuel A, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, Enti, Donald, Koggoh, Patience, Kpankpari, Richard, Opandoh, Isanella Naa M., Manu, Meshach Agyemang, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, Mensah, Samuel, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Nortey, Michael, Nkrumah, John, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Asabre, Esther, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Koomson, Barbara, Kusiwaa, Ataa, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Ankomah, James, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, Fosu, Godfred, Serbeh, Godwin, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Robertson, Zelda, Acheampong, Dorcas O, Acquaye, Jane, Adinku, Michael, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, Amoah, Michael, Amoah, George, Appiah, Juliana, Arthur, Joshua, Ayim, Alex, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Dally, Charles, Davor, Anthony, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, Haruna, Iddrisu, Kwarley, Naa, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Nimako, Boateng, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, Opoku, Dominic, Osabutey, Anita, Sagoe, Robert, Tuffour, Samuel, Tufour, Yaa, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, Yorke, Joseph, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, Boakye, Percy, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Gyamfi, Brian, Kontor, Bismark Effah, Kyeremeh, Christian, Manu, Ruth, Mensah, Elijah, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Owusu, Junior Atta, Adobea, Vivian, Bennin, Amos, Dankwah, Fred, Doe, Stanley, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, Kobby, Ephraim, Larnyor, Hanson, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, Zume, Marshall, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Osman, Imoro, Kunfah, Sheba, Limann, Gbana, Mohammed, Shamudeen Ahhassan, Mohammed, Sheriff, Musah, Yakubu, Ofori, Bernard, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Yakubu, Mustapha, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, Bhatti, Kavita, Dhiman, Jyoti, Dhir, Karan, Hans, Monika, Haque, Parvez D, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, Madankumar, Latha, Mittal, Rohin, Nagomy, Ida, Prasad, Soosan, Dasari, Amos, Jacob, Priya, Kurien, Elizabeth, Mathew, Arpit, Prakash, Danita, Susan, Anju, Varghese, Rose, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, Avendaño, Alejandro Cuevas, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del, Sánchez, Irani Durán, Vazquez, Diana Gonzalez, Lara, Maria Martínez, Maldonado, Laura Martinez Perez, Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la, Medina, Antonio Ramos De la, Adeleye, Victoria, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, Akinajo, Opeyemi, Akinboyewa, David, Alasi, Iyabo, Alakaloko, Felix, Atoyebi, Oluwole, Balogun, Olanrewaju, Belie, Orimisan, Bode, Christopher, Ekwesianya, Andrew, Elebute, Olumide, Ezenwankwo, Francis, Fatuga, Adedeji, Ihediwa, George, Jimoh, Adesola, Kuku, Jubril, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Makanjuola, Ayomide, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, Nwokocha, Samuel, Ogein, Olubunmi, Ojewola, Rufus, Oladimeji, Abraham, Olajide, Thomas, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Ugwu, Aloy, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, Adeleke, Nurudeen, Adesola, Muideen, Afolabi, Rafiat, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Aremu, Isiaka, Bello, Jibril, Lawal, Saheed, Lawal, Abdulwahab, Raji, Hadijat, Sayomi, Olayinka, Shittu, Asimiyu, Acquah, Regina, Banka, Charles, Esssien, Derick, Hussey, Romeo, Mustapha, Yakubu, Nunoo-Ghartey, Kojo, Yeboah, Grace, Aniakwo, Luke A, Adjei, Margarey N M, Adofo-Asamoah, Yvonne, Agyapong, Meshach M, Agyen, Thomas, Alhassan, Baba A B, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel P, Ashong, Josephine, Awindaogo, Joseph K, Brimpong, Benjamin B, Dayie, Makafui S C J K, Ghansah, Wendy W, Gyamfi, Jude E, Kudoh, Vincent, Mensah, Philip, Opandoh, Isabella N Morkor, Morna, Martin T, Odame, Emelia, Ofori, Emmanuel O, Quaicoo, Sandra, Quartson, Elizabert M, Teye-Topey, Cynthia, Yigah, Makafui, Yussif, Safia, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, Agyekum-Gyimah, Vera O, Agyemang, Eric, AkotoAmpaw, Arko, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, Arkorful, Temitope E, Dokurugu, Moses A, Essel, Nanabanyin, Ijeoma, Aja, Obiri, Emmanuel L, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, Quarchey, Karen N D, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie, Andoh, Aaron B, Boateng, Ruby A, Kusiwaa, Atta, Naah, Adeline, Oppon-Acquah, Ato, Oppong, Benjamin A, Agbowada, Emma A, Akosua, Ameley, Armah, Ralph, Asare, Christopher, Awere-Kyere, Lawrence K B, Bruce-Adjei, Amanda, Christian, Nana Ama, Gakpetor, Delali A, Kennedy, Korankye K, Mends-Odro, Jacqueline, Obbeng, Ambe, Ofosuhene, Doris, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Ciociano, Maria Chávez Jonathan M Chejfec, Valle, Carlos J Zuloaga Fernández del, Aziz, Hafsa I Ahmed Gowhar, Calvillo, Marijose De Cristo Gonzalez, Iriarte, David Giovanny I Morales, Namur, Luz del Carmen M, Mustapha, Bilkisu K Lawal Aisha, Utumatwishima, Athanasie Mukasine Jean N, Abdul-Aziz, Iddrisu I A, Anasara, Gilbert A G, Ogudi, David K D, Quansah, Jonathan I K, Kumar, Nivesh Agrawal Uttkarsh, Mehraj, Imtiyaz Mantoo Asif, Nayak, Sonia Mathai Pragyanmai, Díaz, Kriscia V Ascencio, Herrera, Victor J Avalos, Camacho, Francisco J Barbosa, Pérez, Irma V Brancaccio, Llamas, Miguel A Calderón, Cardona, Guillermo A Cervantes, Andrade, Luis R Cifuentes, Flores, Ana O Cortés, Torres, Edgar J Cortes, Valadez, Tania A Cueto, Valadez, Andrea E Cueto, Cardoza, Jose A Flores, González, Luis A García, Bojorquez, Jaime L González, Ponce, Fanny Y González, Ramírez, Cristhian S Guerrero, Barba, José A Guzmán, Ramírez, Bertha G Guzmán, Ruvalcaba, Mario J Guzmán, Alva, Daniel A Hérnandez, Camargo, Silvia A Ibarra, Peña, Juan C Ibarrola, Pérez, Zayra M Lara, Tellez, Mel P Mellado, Ackerman, Roberto C Miranda, Vallejo, Luis R Pacheco, Bocanegra, Víctor H Pérez, Navarro, Jose V Pérez, Posada, Francisco J Plascencia, Hernández, María A Quirarte, Gonzalez, Luis R Ramirez, Elizalde, Emilio A Reyes, Ascencio, Evelia V Romo, Velasco, Carlos B Ruiz, Martínez, José A Sánchez, Pulido, José I Sandoval, García, Alejandro G Serrano, Carreón, Luis O Suárez, Ávila, Juan J Tijerina, Gastelum, Jesus O Vega, Ramirez, Melissa L Vicencio, Casas, Maria F Zarate, Mata, Jesus Antonion Aguilar, Vanegas, Miguel Antonio Calderon, Arias, Rocio Guadalupe Cano, Barajas, Brenda Vanessa Enriquez, Angeles, Laura Olivia Montano, Lomeli, Angelo Fernando Mortola, Navarro, Jose Esteban Orozco, Baolboa, Laura Gabriela Pena, Dominguez, Ana Camille G, Morales, Jesus Flavio M, Pesquera, Jose Alberto A, Fonseca, Roland Kevin Cethorth, Hernandez, Edgard Efren Lozada, Ramirez, Jairo Arturo Rodriguez, Moscoso, Mitzi R Becerra, Duniya, Sharon A N, Adeleye, Gbadebo T C, Bakare, Tajudeen I B, Ohemu, Alexander A, Habumuremyi, Divine Umuhoza Sosthene, Seneza, Gabriel Ntwari Celestin, Haragirimana, Jean de Dieu, Ingabire, Allen J C, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Gyamfi, Frank E, Nyadu, Bertina B, Adu-Aryee, Nii A, Amoako, Joachim K, Aperkor, Nicholas T, Asman, Wilfred K, Attepor, Godsway S, Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette A, Brown, George D, Etwire, Victor K, Fenu, Benjamin S, Kumassah, Philemon K, Larbi-Siaw, Linda A, Olatola, David O, Tsatsu, Sandra E, Barimah, Charles G, Boateng, Guy C, Kwabena, Ponala W, Kwarteng, Seidu M, Luri, Prosper T, Acquah, Daniel K, Adams, Shamsudeen M, Alhassan, Mohammed S, Asirifi, Samuel A, Dery, Mathias K, Ofori, Bernard A, Sam, Napoleon Bellua, Seidu, Anwar S, Acquah, Emmanuel Kojo, Coompson, Christian L, Gyambibi, Addo K, Kontor, Bismark E, Poonia, Dharma R, Rathod, Kirti K, Rodha, Mahaveer S, Soni, Subhash C, Varsheney, Vaibhav K, Vishnoi, Jeevan R, Garnaik, Deepak K, Lokavarapu, Manoj J, Seenivasagam, Rajkumar K, Kalyanapu, Jeffery A, Gautham, Arun K, Singh, Deepak S, Abraham, Eunice S, Gold, Chinta S, Joseph, Jeremiah N, Kurien, Elizabeth N, Mathew, Arpit J, Mathew, Amy E, Prakash, Danita D, Hans, Monika A, Sam, Vivin Daniel, Thind, Ravinder Singh, Veetil, Sreejith K, Daniel, Esther R, Jacob, Smitha E, Jesudason, Mark R, Samuel, Vasanth Mark, Sivakumar, Moonish V, Saluja, Sundeep S, Attri, Ashok K, Pai, Murlidhar V, Prabhu, P S, T, Sundeep P, Alexander, Philip V, Ismavel, Vijay A, Solomi, Carolin V, Alpheus, Rahul A, Choudhrie, Ashish Victor, Gunny, Rashmi Jacob, Malik, Muneer A, Peters, Nitin J, Chowdri, Nisar A, Dar, Rayees A, Parray, Fazl Q, Shah, Zamir A, Wani, Rauf A, Villaseñor, S Alvarez, Hernández, Aldo Bernal, Ahumada, Elyoenai Bonilla, Cardiel, Guadalupe Castillo, Guevara, Gabino Cervantes, Perez, Enrique Cervantes, Martinez, Esteban Cueva, Barradas, Paulina Domínguez, Estrada, Isaac Esparza, Becerril, Paola Flores, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, Reyna, Benjamín García, Sánchez, Eduardo Gómez, Espinoza, Eduardo González, Ojeda, Alejandro González, Torres, Martin Islas, Tornero, Jorge Jiménez, País, Roberto Mares, Santana, Damián Mora, Villela, Gilberto Morgan, Hinojosa, Rodrigo Nájar, Escobar, Cesar Nuño, Rodríguez, Itzel Ochoa, Flores, Oscar Olvera, Barreiro, Angelica Ortega, Rubio, Jacqueline Osuna, Bravo, Cornelio Ruelas, Villaseñor, Guillermo Sanchez, Tinajero, Carlos Colunga, Samano, Fernanda Diaz, Banuelos, Gerardo Gallardo, Ortiz, Francisco Ibanez, Ramirez, Maryzela Lazo, Arroyo, Gerardo Lopez, Perez, Jaime Orozco, Ramirez, Damaris Orozco, Lozano, Jesus Pizarro, Reyes, Guillermo Yanowsky, Castillo, Monica N, Mellado, Dorihela H, Bozada-Gutierrez, Katya, Casado-Zarate, Ana Florencia, Delano-Alonso, Roberto, Herrera-Esquivel, Jose, Moreno-Portillo, Mucio, Trejo-Avila, Mario, Quiros, Bruno Crocco, Ambriz-González, Gabriela, Cabrera-Lozano, Ishtar, Calderón-Alvarado, Ana B, León-Frutos, Francisco J, Villanueva-Martínez, Erick E, Aliyu, Mohammed S, Balogun, Abigail Olajumoke, Francis, Abantanga Atindaana, Duromola, Kehinde Michael, Gana, Stephen G, George, Mukoro Duke, Iji, Lambert Onahi, Jimoh, Aminat O, Koledade, Afolabi K, Lawal, Ahmad T, Nwabuoku, Stanley Emeka, Ogunsua, Oluseyi O, Okafor, Ifeanyi Fidelis, Okorie, Ethos Ike, Saidu, Ibrahim A, Sholadoye, Tunde T, Abdulkarim, Abdulhafiz A, Abdullahi, Lawal Barau, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, Tukur, Aliyu Muhammad, Umar, Ahmad Shehu, Umar, Aminatu M, Yusuf, Salisu Abeku, Ado, Khadija A, Aliyu, Nura U, Anyanwu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka, Daneji, Sulaiman M, Magashi, Mahmoud Kawu, Mohammad, Mohammad A, Muhammad, Abubakar Bala, Muhammad, Saminu S, Muideen, Bello Abodunde, Nwachukwu, Calistus U, Sallau, Suleiman B, Sheshe, Abdulrahman A, Takai, Idris Usman, Umar, Garzali I, Adze, Joel A, Airede, Lydia R, Bature, Stephen B, Galadima, Moses C, Hamza, Babatunde K, Kache, Stephen A, Kagomi, Williams Y, Kene, Ifeanyi A, Makama, Jerry G, Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Amina A, Taingson, Mathew C, Odunafolabi, Tunde A, Okereke, Chukwuma E, Oladele, Oluwafemi O, Olaleye, Oluwaseun H, Olubayo, Oyetunde O, Abiola, Olukayode P, Abiyere, Henry O, Adebara, Idowu O, Adeniyi, Adebayo A, Adewara, Olumide E, Adeyemo, Olabisi T, Adeyeye, Ademola A, Ariyibi, Abimbola L, Awoyinka, Babatunde S, Ayankunle, Olumide M, Babalola, Olakunle F, Banjo, Oluseyi O, Egharevba, Peter A, Fatudimu, Oluwafemi S, Obateru, John A, Odesanya, Oluremi J, Ojo, Owolabi D, Okunlola, Abiodun I, Okunlola, Cecilia K, Olajide, Adewale T, Orewole, Tesleem O, Salawu, Adedayo I, Abdulsalam, Moruf A, Adelaja, Aderinsola T, Ajai, Olalekan T, Atobatele, Kazeem M, Bakare, Oludayo Oluwaseyi, Faboya, Omolara M, Imam, Zainab O, Nwaenyi, Francisca C, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle A, Oludara, Mobolaji A, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade A, Onyeka, Chinonso U, Oshodi, Olabode A, Oshodi, Yusuf A, Salami, Omotade S, Williams, Omolara M, Adeyeye, Victoria Ibukunoluwa, Agbulu, Moses Vincent, Akinajo, Opeyemi Rebecca, Akinboyewa, David O, Alakaloko, Felix M, Alasi, Iyabo O, Atoyebi, Oluwole A, Balogun, Olanrewaju S, Bode, Christopher O, Busari, Maryam Oluwatobi, Duru, Nnamdi Jonathan, Edet, Glory Bassey, Elebute, Olumide A, Ezenwankwo, Francis Chinonso, Fatuga, Adedeji L, Ihediwa, George C, Inyang, Emmanuel Sylvester, Jimoh, Adesola I, Kuku, Jubril Oladayo, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun A, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq O, Makwe, Christian Chigoze, Mgbemena, Chinelo Victoria, Nwokocha, Samuel U, Ogunjimi, Moses Adebisi, Ohazurike, Ephraim Okwudiri, Ojewola, Rufus W, Badedale, Moyosoluwa Eunice, Okeke, Chike J, Okunowo, Adeyemi A, Oladimeji, Abraham T, Olajide, Thomas O, Oluseye, Oluwaseun O, Orowale, Adeola Ayoola, Osinowo, Adedapo Olumide, Oyegbola, Christianah Bidemi, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah P, Timo, Manuella Talla, Ugwu, Aloy Okechukwu, Williams, Emmanuel Ojo, Duruewuru, Innocent O, Egwuonwu, Ochonma A, Emeka, James J, Modekwe, Victor Ifeanyichukwu, Nwosu, Chimdiebele Daisy, Obiechina, Sylvester O, Obiesie, Ahuizechukwu E, Okafor, Celestine I, Okonoboh, Theophilus O, Okoye, Odili A, Onu, Onyekachi A, Onyejiaka, Chukwudubem C, Uche, Chisom Faith, Ugboajah, Joseph O, Ugwu, Jideofor Okechukwu, Adeleke, Akeem A, Adepiti, Akinfolarin C, Aderounmu, Adewale A, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz O, Adisa, Adewale O, Ajekwu, Samuel C, Ajenifuja, Olusegun K, Alatise, Olusegun I, Badmus, Tajudeen A, Mohammed, Tajudeen O, Salako, Abdulkadir A, Sowande, Oludayo A, Talabi, Ademola O, Wuraola, Funmilola O, Adegoke, Paul Aderemi, Eseile, Ideyonbe Samuel, Ogundoyin, Olakayode Olaolu, Olulana, Dare Isaac, Adumah, Collins C, Ajagbe, Adewale O, Akintunde, Olugbenga P, Asafa, Opeyemi Q, Eziyi, Amogu K, Fasanu, Adeniyi O, Ojewuyi, Olufemi O, Ojewuyi, Abiodun R, Oyedele, Abisola E, Taiwo, Oluwaseun A, Abdullahi, Habiba I, Adewole, Nathaniel D, Agida, Teddy E, Ailunia, Eunice E, Akaba, Godwin O, Bawa, Kehinde G, Chinda, John Y, Daluk, Esther B, Eniola, Sefiu B, Ezenwa, Augusta O, Garba, Stephen E, Mshelbwala, Philip M, Ndukwe, Ngozi O, Ogolekwu, Idoko P, Osagie, Olabisi O, Sani, Samuel A, Tabuanu, Nancy O, Umar, Aminu M, Agbonrofo, Peter I, Arekhandia, Alexander I, Edena, Morrison E, Eghonghon, Raymond A, Enaholo, Joel E, Ideh, Stanley N, Iribhogbe, Oseihie I, Irowa, Omorodion O, Isikhuemen, Maradona E, Odutola, Oluwatomi R, Okoduwa, Kester O, Omorogbe, Scott O, Osagie, Osasumwen T, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat A, Adebayo, Sikiru Adekola, Ajagbe, Oluwasanmi A, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Egbuchulem, Kelvin I, Ekwuazi, Hyginus O, Idowu, Oluwasegun C, Irabor, David O, Lawal, Taiwo A, Lawal, Olatunji O, Ogundoyin, Olakayode O, Sanusi, Akinsola T, Takure, Augustine O, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman Olajide, Adebisi, Mary Oluwadamilola, Adeleke, Nurudeen Abiola, Afolabi, Rafiat Tinuola, Aremu, Isiaka Ishola, Bello, Jibril Oyekunle, Lawal, Saheed Abolade, Raji, Hadijat Olaide, Igwe, Patrick O, Iweha, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya, John, Raphael E, Okoro, Philemon E, Oriji, Vaduneme Kingsley, Oweredaba, Ibiene T, Majyabere, Jean Paul, Habiyakare, Jean Aimable, Nabada, Marie Gloriose, Masengesho, Jean pierre, Niyomuremyi, Jean Paul, Uwimana, Jean Claude, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, Urimubabo, Christian Jean, Shyirakera, Jean Yves, Adams, Mary Augusta, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, Abdulai, Samira, Agboadoh, Nelson, Akoto, Erica, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Dedey, Florence, Nsaful, Josephine, Wordui, Theodore, Abubakari, Fatao, Akunyam, Johnson, Ballu, Cletus, Ngaaso, Kennedy, Kyeremeh, Collins, Osei, Edwin, Owusu, Frank, Sie-Broni, Clement, Abdul-Hafiz, Saba, Amadu, Munira, Awe, Martin, Azanlerigu, Millicent, Edwin, Yenli, Maalekuu, Aloysius, Malechi, Hawa, Mohammed, Ibrahim, Mumuni, Kareem, Yahaya, Shekira, Alhassan, Jaabir, Jeffery-Felix, Ametepe, Naah, Gifty, Noufuentes, Carmen, Sakyi, Abraham, Chaudhary, Ramkaran, Misra, Sanjeev, Pareek, Puneet, Pathak, Manish, Sharma, Naveen, Sharma, Nivedita, Huda, Farhanul, Mishra, Neha, Ranjan, Rohit, Singh, Shanky, Solanki, Pratik, Verma, Raunak, Yhoshu, Enono, John, Suzan, Kutma, Ananta, Philips, Sanish, Hepzibah, Alice, Mary, Grace, Chetana, Chetana, Dummala, Prashant, Jacob, Jurgen, Mary, Priya, Samuel, Oliver, Sukumar, Ashwin, Syam, Niyah, Bhatt, Alisha, Bhatti, William, Dhar, Tapasya, Goyal, Ankush, Goyal, Sunita, Jain, Deepak, Jain, Rita, Kaur, Savleen, Kumar, Karan, Luther, Anil, Mahajan, Amit, Mandrelle, Kavita, Michael, Vishal, Mukherjee, Partho, Rajappa, Reuben, Singh, Prashant, Williams, Rahul, D, Sreekar, Kumari, Pushplatha, Shankar, Bharat, Sharma, Srujan, Surendran, Suraj, Thomas, Anita, Trinity, Paul, Kanchodu, Sudheer, Leshiini, K, Bansal, Ishan, Gupta, Sanjay, Gureh, Monika, Kapoor, Simran, Aggarwal, Manisha, Kanna, Vinoth, Kaur, Harmanjot, Kumar, Ashwani, Singh, Simrandeep, Singh, Gurtaj, John, Viju, Adnan, Mohammed, Kumar, Pardeep, S, Abhishek, Sehrawat, Vikram, Singla, Deepak, Thami, Gaurav, Kumar, Vijay, Mathew, Stanley, Akhtar, Naseem, Chaturvedi, Arun, Gupta, Sameer, Prakash, Puneet, Rajan, Shiv, Singh, Mohit, Tripathi, Abhilasha, Thomas, Josy, Zechariah, Pradeep, Kichu, Moloti, Joseph, Susan, Pundir, Neha, Samujh, Ram, Kour, Robindera, Saqib, Najmus, Raul, Subrat, Rautela, Komal, Sharma, Rajeev, Singh, Nishu, Vakil, Rakesh, Chowdhury, Priyanka, Chowdhury, Sona, Roy, Bipradas, Abdullahi, Aisha, Abubakar, Maimuna, Awaisu, Mudi, Bakari, Fadimatu, Bashir, Mohammed, Bello, Ahmad, Daniyan, Muhammad, Gimba, Justina, Gundu, Isaac, Oyelowo, Nasir, Sufyan, Ibrahim, Umaru-Sule, Hajara, Usman, Mohammed, Yahya, Anisah, Yakubu, Alfa, Abdullahi, Muzzammil, Soladoye, Abdulmajeed, Yahaya, Abubakar, Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu, Aminu, Bashiru, Bello-Tukur, Firdaws, Chinyio, Damai, Joshua, Samaila, Lawal, Jamila, Mohammed, Caleb, Nuwam, Deborah, Sale, Danjuma, Sani, Abdulrasheed, Tabara, Salome, Usam, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Josiah, Adegoke, Folasade, Ige, Oluwasuyi, Bakare, Adewumi, Akande, Olukemi, Anyanwu, Noble, Eke, Grace, Oyewole, Yemisi, Abunimye, Esther, Adeoluwa, Adebunmi, Adesiyakan, Adedotun, Amao, Michael, Ashley-Osuzoka, Christiana, Gbenga-Oke, Christianah, Olanrewaju, Olabisi, Olayioye, Olawunmi, Olutola, Stephen, Onyekachi, Kenneth, Osariemen, Emili, Osunwusi, Benedetto, Owie, Emmanuel, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, Ugwunne, Chuka, Olasehinde, Olalekan, Akinloye, Abidemi, Akinniyi, Ayodeji, Ejimogu, Joseph, Okedare, Amos, Omotola, Omolara, Sanwo, Francis, Awodele, Kehinde, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, Alfred, Janet, Atim, Terkaa, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, Olori, amson, Suleiman, Salisu, Sunday, Helen, Ida, Genesis, Oruade, David, Osemwegie, Osarenkhoe, Ajibola, Gboyega, Elemile, Peter, Fakoya, Adegbolahan, Ojediran, Oluwabukade, Olagunju, Naomi, Bello, Robiat, Ojajuni, Adeolu, Oyewale, Sabur, Abhulimen, Victor, Okoi, Nnyonno, Mizero, Japhet, Mutimamwiza, Immaculee, Nirere, Francoise, Niyongombwa, Irenee, Byaruhanga, Anastase, Dukuzimana, Rongin, Uwizeye, Marcel, Ruhosha, Mathias, Igiraneza, joselyne, Ingabire, Faustine, Karekezi, Aloys, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, Mukamazera, Lydia, Mukangabo, Clemence, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, Mukaneza, Francine, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, Ndegamiye, Gibert, Nyirangeri, Pierrine, Tubasiime, Ronald, Dusabe, Moses, Izabiriza, Emelyne, Mutuyimana, Josiane, Mwenedata, Olivier, Rwagahirima, Elisee, Zirikana, Job, Sibomana, Isaie, Rubanguka, Desire, Umuhoza, Josine, Uwayezu, Roda, Uzikwambara, Leoncie, Dieudonne, Aime, Kabanda, Elysee, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, Mukakomite, Christine, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, Butana, Herbert, Dusabeyezu, Moise, Batangana, Mediatrice, Bucyibaruta, Georges, Mukanyange, Violette, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, Mwungura, Espoir, Ncogoza, Isaie, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, Nyirasebura, Dancilla, Dusabimana, Anaclet, Kanyesigye, Sam, Munyaneza, Robert, Hyman, Gabriella, Moore, Rachel, Sentholang, Nnosa, Wondoh, Paul, Ally, Zain, Domingo, Aimee, Munda, Philip, Nyatsambo, Chido, Ojo, Victor, Pswarayi, Rudo, Cook, Jonathan, Jayne, David, Laurberg, Soeren, Brown, Julia, Smart, Neil, and Cousens, Simon
Published: 2024
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22. Fluid Optimisation in Emergency Laparotomy (FLO-ELA) Trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy compared to usual care in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Edwards, Mark R., Forbes, Gordon, Walker, Neil, Morton, Dion G., Mythen, Monty G., Murray, Dave, Anderson, Iain, Mihaylova, Borislava, Thomson, Ann, Taylor, Matt, Hollyman, Marianne, Phillips, Rachel, Young, Keith, Kahan, Brennan C., Pearse, Rupert M., and Grocott, Michael P. W.
Published: 2023
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23. Implementation of a batched stepped wedge trial evaluating a quality improvement intervention for surgical teams to reduce anastomotic leak after right colectomy

Author: Venn, Mary L., Knowles, Charles H., Li, Elizabeth, Glasbey, James, Morton, Dion G., and Hooper, Richard
Published: 2023
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24. Single-Sided Magnet System for Quantitative MR Relaxometry and Preclinical In-Vivo Monitoring.

Author: Dion G. Thomas, Yu-Chieh Tzeng, Petrik Galvosas, Freya G. Harrison, Mary J. Berry, Paul D. Teal, Sean D. Galvin, and Sergei I. Obruchkov
Published: 2023
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25. Oxygen saturation-dependent effects on blood transverse relaxation at low fields

Author: Thomas, Dion G., Galvosas, Petrik, Tzeng, Yu-Chieh, Harrison, Freya G., Berry, Mary J., Teal, Paul D., Wright, Graham A., and Obruchkov, Sergei
Published: 2022
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26. Live long and prosper: Acetate and its effects on longevity in batch culturing of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author: Zamzam, Ghaith, Lee, Christopher W.J., Milne, Fiona, Etsell, Jenna, and Durnford, Dion G.
Published: 2022
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27. Outcomes of medial collateral ligament reconstruction with suture-augmented semitendinosus autograft.

Author: Garside, John C., Bellaire, Christopher P., Birhiray, Dion G., Kirloskar, Kunal M., and Argintar, Evan H.
Abstract: Purpose: This study evaluates patient-reported outcomes among patients who underwent medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction with suture-augmented semitendinosus autograft (SASA). Methods: Patients who underwent SASA MCL reconstruction between 2017 and 2022 participated in preoperative and postoperative surveys for patient-reported outcomes: Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS), and Veterans Rand 12 (VR-12). Paired t-tests were performed to compare preoperative and postoperative scores. Postoperative complications were analyzed for all patients. Results: A total of 19 operations were identified during the study period, and 16 patients were included in the study. Patients reported significant decreases in VAS (mean [95% CI] of −3.86 [−6.09, −1.63], p = 0.0022) and WOMAC (−24.87 [−40.30, −9.4], p = 0.0037) scores postoperatively. Patients also reported significant increases in KOOS (22.60 [9.79, 35.40], p = 0.0019), SANE (38.06 [18.83, 57.27], p = 0.0007), and VR-12 Physical (14.32 [6.38, 22.27], p = 0.0017) scores. Patients did not report significant changes in MARS (0.87 [−1.88, 3.63], p = 0.5081) or VR-12 Mental (−2.90 [−9.37, 3.56], p = 0.3516) scores after surgery. Four patients required reoperation for either arthrofibrosis (n = 3) or ACL reinjury following a multiligament procedure that did not require revision to the MCL reconstruction (n = 1). Conclusion: In this cohort of patients undergoing MCL reconstruction with SASA, patients reported significant improvement in functional outcomes and reduction in pain postoperatively. SASA is a safe and effective technique for MCL reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2025
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28. The impact of preoperative oral nutrition supplementation on outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Knight, Stephen R., Qureshi, Ahmad U., Drake, Thomas M., Lapitan, Marie Carmela M., Maimbo, Mayaba, Yenli, Edwin, Tabiri, Stephen, Ghosh, Dhruva, Kingsley, Pamela A., Sundar, Sudha, Shaw, Catherine, Valparaiso, Apple P., Bhangu, Aneel, Brocklehurst, Peter, Magill, Laura, Morton, Dion G., Norrie, John, Roberts, Tracey E., Theodoratou, Evropi, Weiser, Thomas G., Burden, Sorrel, and Harrison, Ewen M.
Published: 2022
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29. Embracing change: a collective call to address multimorbidity in surgical pathways

Author: Kamarajah, Sivesh K., primary, Bhangu, Aneel, additional, Ahuja, Shalini, additional, Dhesi, Jugdeep, additional, Yeung, Joyce, additional, Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah, additional, Pinkney, Thomas, additional, and Morton, Dion G., additional
Published: 2024
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30. Long-term survival of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during conditional senescence

Author: Damoo, Djihane Yushrina and Durnford, Dion G.
Published: 2021
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31. Photoacclimation to high-light stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during conditional senescence relies on generating pH-dependent, high-quenching centres

Author: Meagher, Emily, Rangsrikitphoti, Pattarasiri, Faridi, Babar, Zamzam, Ghaith, and Durnford, Dion G.
Published: 2021
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32. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Author: Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Hans, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlos, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marinos, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhães, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, McCluney, Simon J, McIntyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, McKevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogues, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, Viviana A, Velmahos, George C, Velopulos, Catherine G, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS, Vivas, Alfredo A, Wade, Ryckie G, Wadley, Martin S, Wall, Joshua JS, Walters, Andrew M, Warren, Oliver J, Weerasinghe, Chamindri K, Wilkin, Richard JW, Williams, Katherine J, Winter, Stuart C, Wormald, Justin CR, Wright, Franklin L, Xyda, Souzana E, Young, Alastair L, Youssef, Mina MG, Yousuf, Farhat B, El Youzouri, Hanan, Zappa, Marco A, Abate, Emmanuele, Abdalaziz, Hossam, Abdelkarim, Mostafa, Abdou, Hossam, Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad, Abuown, Ala, Acebes-Garcia, Fernando, Acharya, Metesh, Adamina, Michel, Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel, Aftab, Raiyyan, Agarwal, Arnav, Aguilar, José, Ahmed, Yousra, Aitken, Emma, Al-Azzawi, Marwa, Al-Embideen, Somya, Al-Masri, Mahmoud, Al-Najjar, Hani, Al-Sukaini, Ahmad, Alam, Ruhina, Alderson, Derek, Aliyeva, Zumrud, Aljanadi, Firas, Almasri, Murad, Alonso-Ortuño, Paula, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amira, Gamal, Amjad, Rabbia, Anania, Gabriele, Andabaka, Tatjana, Angelou, Dimitrios, Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, James, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexis, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, James, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Giles, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantinos, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagros, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Miles, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicolas, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abess, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercedes, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matyas, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reyes, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Blas, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourios, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Giles, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marcos, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlos, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thomas, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ullas, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nicholas, Kalavrezos, Nicholas, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, James, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelos, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christos, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, Kulkarni, Rugved, Kurihara, Hayato, Laface, Letizia, Lakkis, Zaher, Lami, Mariam, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lázaro, André, Lecolle, Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatius, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Louis, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, MacDonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Baris, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlos, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Dennis, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, McCanny, Andrew, McKenzie, Katherine, McLarty, Nicola, McPherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Douglas, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chris, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolos, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagros, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, MD, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgios, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Markus, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thomas, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomos, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlos, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieves, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thomas, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Scalabre, Aurelien, Schache, Andrew, Schiavina, Riccardo, Schineis, Christian, Schreckenbach, Teresa, Scorza, Antonella, Scott, Lucy, Seegert, Sara, Seguin-Givelet, Agathe, Senent-Boza, Ana, Seymour, Keith, Shabana, Amanda, Shah, Karishma, Shah, Jigar, Shah, Preena, Shah, Sujay, Shakir, Taner, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shankar, Sushma, Shaw, Richard, Shehata, Sameh, Shenfine, Amy, Sheridan, Kelda, Sherief, Ahmed, Sherief, Mohamed, Sherif, Mohamed, Shinkwin, Michael, Shu, Sebastian, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Shailendra, Sinha, Sanjay, Sinha, Deepti, Siragusa, Leandro, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Sivayoganathan, Sriharan, Smillie, Robert, Smith, Claire, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Christopher, Sochorova, Dana, Soggiu, Fiammetta, Sohrabi, Catrin, Solari, Francesca, Solli, Piergiorgio, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Spoletini, Domenico, Spriano, Giuseppe, Sravanam, Sanskrithi, Ssentongo, Paddy, Stanger, Sophie, Stavroulias, Dionisios, Steel, Ben, Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, Rosamond, Tartaglia, Dario, Tawheed, Ahmed, Tayeh, Salim, Teles, Tobias, Testa, Valentina, Tewari, Nilanjana, Thoenissen, Philipp, Thomas, Kane, Thomin, Anne, Thrush, Jessica, Tierney, Sean, Tiwari, Abhinav, Toh, Simon, Toledo, Enrique, Tonini, Valeria, Torkington, Jared, Torquati, Alfonso, Torzilli, Guido, Totty, Joshua, Tourountzi, Paraskevi, Tousidonis, Manuel, Townend, Philip, Townsend, Catherine, Trompeter, Alex, Trotta, Francesco, Truant, Stéphanie, Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlos, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Turco, Celia, Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Turri, Giulia, Tustin, Harry, Tyler, Jayne, Tzedakis, Stylianos, Tzovaras, George, Uittenbogaart, Martine, Ullah, Ramzan, Urban, Shane, Urbani, Alessia, Usai, Antonella, Vaccarella, Gianpaolo, Valdes-Hernandez, Javier, Valsecchi, Luca, Vashisht, Rajiv, Vázquez-Fernández, Andrea, Venn, Mary, Vera-Mansilla, Cristina, Vergari, Roberto, Vescio, Giuseppina, Vidya, Raghavan, Vieira, Paula, Vijay, Vardhini, Vimalachandran, Dale, Violante, Tommaso, Volpe, Anita, Vovola, Fernanda, Vulliamy, Paul, Wall, Rosemary, Wallwork, Kate, Ward, Alex, Warwick, David, Waseem, Saima, Weaver, Helen, Wells, Fiona, Wen, Jiaxin, West, Raha, Whitehall, Emma, Wild, Laura, Wilkins, Alex, Williams, Gethin, Williams, Matthew, Winnand, Philipp, Wong, Ken, Worku, Dawit, Wright, Naomi, Yalamanchili, Seema, Yershov, Danylo, Yildiz, Alp, Young, Richard, Yurttas, Can, Zadegan, Frederic, Zafar, Noman, Zakaria, Rasheed, Zambon, Martina, Zanini, Nicola, Zarate, Alba, Zerbib, Philippe, Zizzo, Maurizio, Zmora, Oded, Zonta, Sandro, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I, van der Plas, Willemijn Y, Ali, Inthekab Ali Mohamed, Bakri, Nur Amalina Che, Bauset, Juan Carlos Catalá, Abou Chaar, Mohamad K, Marino Cosentino, Luigi MP, Gómez Díaz, Carlos J, Garcia Galocha, Jose L, de Gheldere, Charles A, Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça, Beltrán de Heredia, Juan, Blazer III, Dan G, Nugent III, William C, Ali karar, Ali A, Borja De Lacy, F, Blas Laina, Juan luis, Shane Lester, Madan Jha, Liyanage, Aloka S D, Al Maadany, Faraj S, De Marchi, Joshua A, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Mithany, Reda H M, Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, De Salas, Maria Marqueta, De Souza, Anthony C, Dolores Del Toro, M, Archer, James E, Odeh, Abdulrahman, Erridge, Simon, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Jones, Gareth P, Gardner, Anne, Tripathi, Shiva S, Gregg, Anne, Jeganathan, Reuben, Siddique, Muhammad Harris, Lombardi, Celestino P, Martin, Benjamin, Leo, Cosimo Alex, Dass, Debashis, Di Franco, Gregorio, Jiao, Long R, Mari, Giulio Maria, Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal, Connelly, Tara M, Alanbuki, Ammar, De Virgilio, Armando, Schilling, Clare, San Miguel Mendez, Carlos, Kulkarni, Gauri, Nizami, Kulsoom, Walsh, Stewart, Dean, Harry, Ruiz-Marin, Miguel, Houston, Rory, Trompetto, Mario, Chrastek, David, Kouritas, Vasileios, Cannoletta, Maria, Rosato, Francesco, Kaushal, Manish V, Costa, Paulo Matos, Elkadi, Hannah H, Johnstone, Jack R, Irvine, Esmee, Alvarez, Maria R, Corbellini, Carlo, Venkatesan, Gowtham S, Mateo-Sierra, Olga, Martínez-Pérez, Carolina, Serrano González, Javier, Hernández Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel, Díaz Pérez, David, Gutiérrez Samaniego, María, Galindo Jara, Pablo, Sharma, Neil, Smart, Neil J, and Keller, Deborah S
Published: 2020
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33. Prophylactic biological mesh reinforcement versus standard closure of stoma site (ROCSS): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author: Bhangu, Aneel, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Ives, Natalie, Magill, Laura, Glasbey, James, Forde, Colm, Bisgaard, Thue, Handley, Kelly, Mehta, Samir, Morton, Dion, Pinkney, Thomas, Brown, James, Futaba, Kaori, Khan, Sarah, Pallan, Arvind, Patel, Abhilasha, Ashdown-Phillips, Steve, Roberts, Tracy, Jowett, Susan, Munetsi, Lorraine, Torrance, Andrew, Hilken, Nicholas, Hill, Matt, Hunter, Mark, Leek, Susan, Lilly, Helen, Sawant, Amruta, Vince, Alexandra, Walters, Michael, Bemelman, Willem, Blussé, Marjolein, Borstlap, Wernard, Busch, Olivier RC, Buskens, Christianne, Klaver, Charlotte, Marsman, Hendrik, van Ruler, Oddeke, Tanis, Pieter, Westerduin, Emma, Wicherts, Dennis, Das, Parthasarathi, Essapen, Sharadah, Frost, Victoria, Glennon, Ana, Gray, Catherine, Hussain, Anwar, McNichol, Lisa, Nisar, Pasha, Scott, Humphrey, Trickett, Jonathan, Trivedi, Prateesh, White, Daniel, Amarnath, Talakalukoppa, Ardley, Rohan, Gupta, Robin, Hall, Emily, Hodgkins, Kathryn, Narula, Harjeet, Sewell, Terri-Ann, Simms, John M, Toms, Julie, White, Tim, Atkinson, Angela, Beral, Dan, Lancaster, Nicola, Mackenzie, Felicity, Wilson, Tim, Cruttenden-Wood, David, Gibbins, Jackie, Halls, Mark, Hill, Dennise, Hogben, Karen, Jones, Stephanie, Lamparelli, Michael J, Lewis, Mark, Moreton, Sarah, Ng, Paul, Oglesby, Arabis, Orbell, James, Stubbs, Benjamin, Subramanian, Krishnan, Talwar, Anjay, Wilsher, Simon, Al-Rashedy, Mohammed, Fensom, Catherine, Gok, Muhammed, Hardstaff, Lisa, Malik, Kamran, Sadat, Mohammed, Townley, Barbara, Wilkinson, Lesley, Cosier, Tracey, Mangam, Sudhakar, Rabie, Mohamed, Broadley, Graham, Canny, John, Fallis, Simon, Green, Nikki, Hawash, Ahmed, Karandikar, Sharad, Mirza, Mehboob, Rawstorne, Edward, Reddan, Julie, Richardson, Jonathan, Thompson, Chris, Waite, Kathryn, Youssef, Haney, De Nes, Lindsey, Rosenstock, Steffen, Strandfelt, Pernille, Westen, Mikkel, Aryal, Kamal, Kshatriya, Kirosh Shankar, Lal, Roshan, Velchuru, Vamsi, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Akbar, Ayesha, Antoniou, Anthony, Clark, Sue, Datt, Pooja, Goh, Jason, Jenkins, Ian, Kennedy, Robin, Maeda, Yasuko, Nastro, Piero, Owen, Harriet, Phillips, Robin KS, Warusavitarne, Janindra, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Charleston, Peter, Clouston, Hamish, Duff, Sarah, Fatayer, Taher, Gipson, Anna, Heywood, Nick, Junejo, Muneer, Kennedy, James, Lalor, Helen, Manning, Chris, McCormick, Richard, Parmar, Kathryn, Preston, Stephen, Ramesh, Aswatha, Sharma, Abhiram, Telford, Karen, Adeosun, Abidemi, Hammond, Toby, Smolen, Susan, Topliffe, Joanne, Docherty, James G, Lim, Michael, Macleod, Kathleen, Monaghan, Eimar, Patience, Lesley, Thomas, Ian, Walker, Kenneth G, Walker, Michael, Watson, Angus JM, Burgess, Amanda, Ghanem, Yasser, Glister, Georgina, Kapur, Sandeep, Paily, Abhilash, Pal, Atanu, Ravikumar, Rathinam, Rosbergen, Melissa, Sargen, Kevin, Speakman, Christopher, Agarwal, Anil K, Banerjee, Amlan, Borowski, David, Garg, Dharmendra, Gill, Talvinder, Johnston, Tracey, Kelsey, Susan, Munipalle, Phanibhushana Chakravarthy, Tabaqchali, Mohamed, Wilson, Deborah, Acheson, Austin, Cripps, Heather, El-Sharkawy, Ahmed, Ng, Oliver, Sharma, Parveen, Ward, Kym, Chandler, Dawne, Courtney, Edward, Bunni, John, Butcher, Katrina, Dalton, Stephen, Flindall, Ian, Katebe, Joyce, Roy, Pratik, Tate, Jeremy, Vincent, Tracy, Williamson, Michael ER, Wood, James, Bignell, Mark, Branagan, Graham, Broardhurst, Jack, Chave, Helen, Dean, Hilary, D'Souza, Nigel, Foster, Gemma, Sleight, Simon, Sutaria, Rupesh, Ahmed, Ishmail, Budhoo, Misra Rai, Colley, Julie, Cruickshank, Neil, Gill, Kathryn, Hayes, Anne, Joy, Howard, Kamabjha, Carrington, Plowright, James, Radley, Simon, Rea, Mr, Thumbe, Vijay, Varghese, Philip, Wilkin, Richard, Zulueta, Elzbieta, Allsop, Lynne, Atkari, Bence, Badrinath, Krishnamurthy, Daliya, Prita, Dube, Mukul, Heeley, Cheryl, Hind, Richard, Nash, Dominic, Palfreman, Andrea, Peacock, Oliver, Watson, Nicholas, Blodwell, Michelle, Javaid, Ali, Mohamad, Ashiq, Muhammad, Karim, Qureshi, Nafees, Ridgway, Stephanie, Siddiqui, Kamran, Solkar, Mamoon, Vere, Joanne, Wordie, Alexander, Chang, Jessica, Elgaddal, Sanaa, Green, Marie, Hollyman, Marianne, Mirza, Nazzia, Rankin, Jayne, Williams, Graham, Ali, Wadah, Hardwick, Anne, Mohamed, Zakir, Navid, Ahmad, Netherton, Kimberley, Obreja, Mugurel, Rao, Milind, Stringer, Joanna, Tennakoon, Athula, Bullen, Timothy, Butt, Mansoor, Dawson, Robin, Dawson, Sarah, Farmer, Martin, Garimella, Veerabhadram, Gates, Zoe, Wilkings, Lisa, Yeomans, Neil, Adedeji, Olufunso, Alalawi, Rashid, Al Araimi, Aamed, Ashraf, Shazad, Bach, Simon, Beggs, Andrew, Cagigas, Carmen, Dattani, Mit, Dimitriou, Nikolletta, Ghods-Ghorbani, Manijeh, Gourevitch, David, Haydon, Geoffrey, Ismail, Tariq, Keh, Christopher, Morton, Dion G, Narewal, Mandip, Papettas, Trifonas, Pinkney, Tom, Poh, Aaron, Ranstorne, Edward, Royle, Timothy J, Shah, Tahir, Singh, Jagdeep, Smart, Chris, Suggett, Nigel, Tayyab, Muhammad, Vijayan, Deepak, Vohra, Ravinder, Wairaich, Naseem, Yeung, Denise, Bamford, Richard, Chambers, Joanne, Cotton, David, Houlihan, Rebecca, Kynaston, James, Longman, Rob, Lowe, Amelia, Messenger, David, Owais, Anwar, Phillpott, Catherine, Shabbir, Jamshed, Baragwanath, Phil, El-Sayed, Charlotte, Gaunt, Anne, Khatri, Chetan, McCullough, Peter, Ward, Stephen, Obukofe, Ross, Stroud, Robert, Mason, David, Williams, Nigel, Wong, Ling S, Chaudhri, Sanjay, Cooke, Jill, Cunha, Melissa, Fairey, Howard, Norwood, Michael, Singh, Baljit, Thomasset, Sarah, Abbott, Sian, Addison, Sarah, Archer, James, Church, Robert, Holford, Erika, Lenehan, Fionnaula, Odogwu, Steve, Richardson, Lisa, Sidebotham, Jane, Swan, Elaine, Tilley, Alison, Wagstaff, Lynda, Amey, Isobel, Baird, Yolanda, Cripps, Neil, Greenslade, Susanna, Harris, Guy, Levy, Bruce, Mckenzie, Paul, Misselbrook, Alison, Moore, Sally, Skull, Angela, Nicol, Deborah, Reddy, Bala, Thrush, Jessica, Iglesias Vecchio, Miriam, Dunn, Yvonne, Williams, Claire, Furtado, Sanjay, Gill, Michael, Gilmore, Lydia, Goldsmith, Paul, Kocialkowski, Cezary, Loganathan, Sadasivam, Nath, Rabindra, Paraoan, Marius, Taylor, Tracey, Allison, Andrew, Allison, Joanna, Curtis, Nathan, Dalton, Richard, D'Costa, Conrad, Dennison, Godwin, Foster, Jake, Francis, Nader, Gibbons, James, Hamdan, Mohammed, Lewis, Alison, Ockrim, Jonathan, Sharma, Rishabha, Spurdle, Katie, Varadharajan, Saseendran, Aghahoseini, Assad, Alexander, David J, Bandyopadhyay, Dibyendu, Bradford, Ian, Chitsabesan, Praminthra, Coleman, Zoe, Gibson, Andrew, Lasithiotakis, Kostas, Panagiotou, Dimitrios, Polyzois, Konstantinos, Stojkovic, Stevan, Woodcock, Nicholas, Wright, Monica, Hargest, Rachel, Jackson, Richard, Rajesh, Arumugam, Ogunbiyi, Olagunju, Slater, Andrew, and Yu, Ly-Mee
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Erratum to “Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries” [BJA Open 7 (2023) 100207]

Author: Kachapila, Mwayi, primary, Monahan, Mark, additional, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., additional, Adinoyi, Yakubu Momohsani, additional, Biccard, Bruce M., additional, George, Christina, additional, Ghosh, Dhruva N., additional, Glasbey, James, additional, Morton, Dion G., additional, Osayomwanbo, Osaheni, additional, Pearse, Rupert, additional, Roberts, Tracy E., additional, Suroy, Atul, additional, Yakubu, Saidu Yusuf, additional, and Oppong, Raymond, additional
Published: 2024
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35. NAEP 2008: Trends in Academic Progress. NCES 2009-479

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Rampey, B. D., Dion, G. S., and Donahue, P. L.
Abstract: This report presents the results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) long-term trend assessments in reading and mathematics, which were most recently given in the 2007-2008 school year to students at ages 9, 13, and 17. Nationally representative samples of over 26,000 public and private school students were assessed in each subject area. The most recent results are compared to those from 2004 and from the first year the assessment was conducted: the reading assessment was first administered in 1971, and the mathematics assessment was first administered in 1973. The long-term trend program has used essentially the same assessments in each administration year to provide data that can be used to evaluate changes in student performance over long periods of time. In 2004, a number of changes were made to the long-term trend assessment to update the assessment content and procedures while maintaining the ability to report trends over the long term. Some of the changes included replacing questions that were based on outdated contexts; changing some administration procedures; and providing accommodations for students with disabilities and for English language learners. These revisions did not alter the knowledge and skills that are assessed by the long-term trend assessments. In reading, average scores increased at all three ages since 2004. Average scores were 12 points higher than in 1971 for 9-year-olds and 4 points higher for 13-year-olds. The average reading score for 17-year-olds was not significantly different from that in 1971. In mathematics, average scores for 9- and 13-year-olds increased since 2004, while the average score for 17-year-olds did not change significantly. Average scores were 24 points higher than in 1973 for 9-year-olds and 15 points higher for 13-year-olds. The average mathematics score for 17-year-olds was not significantly different from that in 1973. (Contains 1 footnote, 21 figures and 9 tables.)
Published: 2009

36. The Nation's Report Card[TM]: Mathematics 2007 Performance of Public School Students in Puerto Rico--Focus on the Content Areas. NCES 2009-451

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Dion, G. S., Kuang, M., and Dresher, A. R.
Abstract: In 2007, public school students in Puerto Rico at grades 4 and 8 participated in a Spanish-language version of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in mathematics. A representative sample of approximately 2,800 students from 100 public schools was assessed at each grade. This report contains performance results on NAEP mathematics questions for public school students in Puerto Rico and the nation. At grade 4, the average of the question scores for students in Puerto Rico was lower than the score for students in the nation overall and within each content area. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between male and female students in Puerto Rico overall and in each content area. At grade 8, the overall average of the question scores for students in Puerto Rico was lower than the score for students in the nation. Results were similar for each content area. While there was no significant difference between the performance of male and female students in Puerto Rico overall, male students had a higher score than female students in the measurement content area, and female students had a higher score than their male peers in the data analysis and probability content area. The report includes appendix of tables, listing the NAEP 2007 mathematics questions for grades 4 and 8 that were released to the public after the assessment. They are organized by content area and increasing order of difficulty for students in Puerto Rico. (Contains 12 figures and 6 tables.)
Published: 2008

37. National Indian Education Study, 2007. Part I: Performance of American Indian and Alaska Native Students at Grades 4 and 8 on NAEP 2007 Reading and Mathematics Assessments. NCES 2008-457

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Moran, R., Rampey, B. D., Dion, G., and Donahue, P.
Abstract: This report presents the results for Part I of the study focusing on the performance of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) fourth- and eighth-graders on the 2007 National Assessment of Educational Progress in reading and mathematics. A national sample of approximately 10,100 AI/AN students at grades 4 and 8 participated in the 2007 reading assessment and 10,300 in the mathematics assessment. Results from this study are compared to those from the first NIES conducted in 2005. The results for 11 states with relatively large populations of AI/AN students are presented in addition to the national results. In both reading and mathematics, overall scores for AI/AN fourth and eighth-graders showed no significant change since 2005 and were lower than the scores for non-AI/AN students in 2007. In 2007 at both grades, AI/AN students attending schools in which less than 25 percent of the students were AI/AN scored higher than their peers attending schools with higher concentrations of AI/AN students, and those attending public schools scored higher than their peers in Bureau of Indian Education schools. Although overall average scores for AI/AN students were lower than the scores for non-AI/AN students at both grades in 2007, they were not consistently lower than the scores for all racial/ethnic groups. Average scores in both grades for AI/AN students were lower than the scores for White and Asian/Pacific Islander students. Scores for higher-performing AI/AN students were higher than those of their Black peers in both grades. In reading, AI/AN fourth-graders attending city schools scored higher than their Hispanic peers, and AI/AN eighth-graders attending rural schools scored lower than their Hispanic peers. In mathematics, average scores for AI/AN students in both grades were not significantly different from their Hispanic peers. (Contains 39 figures and 30 tables.) [For Part I of the 2005 edition of this study, see ED491693. For Part II of the 2005 edition of this study, see ED493678.]
Published: 2008

38. The Nation's Report Card[TM]: Trial Urban District Assessment--Mathematics 2007. NCES 2008-452

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Lutkus, A. D., Grigg, W., and Dion, G.
Abstract: This report presents trial school-district-level results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics 2003, 2005, and 2007 assessments at grades 4 and 8 for 10 urban public-school districts: Atlanta City School District; Austin Independent School District (ISD); Boston School District; Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools; City of Chicago School District 299; Cleveland Municipal School District; Houston Independent School District; Los Angeles Unified School District; New York City Public Schools; and San Diego City Unified School District. In 2005, Austin ISD was added and also participated in 2007. These districts participated voluntarily in the trial assessment. Data for the District of Columbia, which regularly participates in NAEP, are also included. Student performance is reported in terms of average scale scores on the NAEP mathematics scale and the percentages of students who attained the achievement levels set by the National Assessment Governing Board. Comparisons are made to results for public schools in large central cities. Student performance is reported by race/ethnicity, eligibility for free/reduced-price school lunch, and for students with disabilities and English language learners. At grade 4, between 2003 and 2007, mathematics performance improved in 8 of the 10 districts that participated in both years. Between 2007 and 2005, four districts scored higher and one scored lower. At grade 8, eight districts had higher scores in 2007 than in 2003, and six had higher scores when 2007 was compared with 2005. (Contains 9 tables and 2 figures.)
Published: 2007

39. The Nation's Report Card[TM]: Mathematics 2007--National Assessment of Educational Progress at Grades 4 and 8. NCES 2007-494

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Lee, J., Grigg, W., and Dion, G.
Abstract: The 2007 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) evaluated students' understanding of mathematics concepts and their ability to apply mathematics to everyday situations. Students demonstrated their knowledge of these critical skills by responding to questions about number properties and operations, measurement, geometry, data analysis and probability, and algebra. A nationally representative sample of more than 350,000 students at grades 4 and 8 participated in the 2007 mathematics assessment. Comparing these results to results from previous years shows the progress fourth- and eighth-graders are making both in the nation and in individual states. The average score for fourth-graders increased 27 points over the past 17 years, and the score for eighth-graders increased 19 points. Students at all levels of performance made gains, resulting in higher percentages of students at or above the Basic and Proficient achievement levels. White, Black, and Hispanic students at both grades showed a better understanding of mathematics in 2007 when compared to all previous assessment years. However, when compared to the first assessment year in 1990, only the White-Black score gap at grade 4 narrowed in 2007. The White-Black score gap at grade 8 narrowed between 2005 and 2007. The mathematics score for Asian/Pacific Islander students was higher in 2007 than in previous assessment years for grade 4, but at grade 8 showed no significant change from 2005 to 2007. At both grades 4 and 8, scores rose for students regardless of their eligibility for the free and reduced-price school lunch program, a measure of socioeconomic status. Average scores were higher in 2007 than in 2005 for students who were eligible as well as for students who were not eligible. Includes appendix of tables. (Contains 20 figures and 32 tables.)
Published: 2007

40. The Nation's Report Card[TM]: 12th-Grade Reading and Mathematics, 2005. NCES 2007-468

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Grigg, W., Donahue, P., and Dion, G.
Abstract: This report presents results of the 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in reading and mathematics at grade 12. Assessment results based on a nationally representative sample of twelfth-graders assessed in each subject are reported as average scores and as the percentages of students performing at or above three achievement levels: Basic, Proficient, and Advanced. Scores are also reported at different percentiles (showing performance for lower-, middle-, and higher-performing students) and by subject subscales (showing performance in specific content areas). Results for groups of students defined by various background characteristics (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, and highest level of parental education) are included as well. Students' performance in the 2005 reading assessment is compared to students' performance in previous assessment years and shows a decline in the average score in 2005 in comparison to 1992, and no significant change in comparison to 2002. Results from the 2005 mathematics assessment could not be compared to those from previous years because of changes in the assessment content and administration. In 2005, 61 percent of twelfth-graders performed at or above the Basic level in mathematics and 73 percent performed at or above Basic in reading. The report also includes sample assessment questions in reading and mathematics, and a page of technical notes provides information about sampling, use of accommodations, school and student participation, and statistical significance. (Contains 4 tables and 15 figures.)
Published: 2007

41. Trial Urban District Assessment: Mathematics 2005. The Nation's Report Card[TM]. NCES 2006-457r

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Rampey, B. D., Lutkus, A. D., and Dion, G.
Abstract: This report presents trial school-district-level results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics 2003 and 2005 assessments at grades 4 and 8 for nine urban public-school districts: Atlanta City, Boston School District, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, City of Chicago School District 299, Cleveland Municipal School District, Houston ISD, Los Angeles Unified, New York City Public Schools, and San Diego City Unified. In 2005, Austin ISD was added. These districts participated voluntarily in the trial assessment. Data for the District of Columbia, which regularly participates in NAEP, are also included. Student performance is reported in terms of average scale scores on the NAEP mathematics scale and the percentages of students who attained the achievement levels set by the National Assessment Governing Board. Comparisons are made to results in large central cities. Student performance is reported by race/ethnicity, eligibility for free/reduced-price school lunch, gender, and parents' highest level of education, and for students with disabilities and English language learners. At grade 4, between 2003 and 2005, mathematics performance improved in 8 of the 10 districts that participated in both years. At grade 8, during the same period, performance improved in 4 of the 10 districts. Technical Notes and Data Appendix are included. (Contains 22 tables and 9 figures.) [For "The Nation's Report Card: Trial Urban District Assessment Mathematics 2005. NCES 2006-457," see ED488964. For "Trial Urban District Assessment: Reading 2005. The Nation's Report Card[TM]. NCES 2006-455," see ED488963.]
Published: 2006

42. The Nation's Report Card: Trial Urban District Assessment Mathematics 2005. NCES 2006-457

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Rampey, B.D, Lutkus, A.D, and Dion, G.
Abstract: The Nation's Report Card [TM], the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), is a nationally representative and continuing assessment of what America's students know and can do in various subject areas. For over three decades, assessments have been conducted periodically in reading, mathematics, science, writing, history, geography, and other subjects. NAEP is a sample-based survey assessment that provides periodic reports on student academic performance at the national and state levels. The Trial Urban District Assessment (TUDA), a special project in NAEP, began assessing performance in selected large urban districts in 2002 with reading and writing assessments, and continued in 2003 and 2005 with reading and mathematics assessments. Eleven large urban school districts participated in 2005, with Austin participating for the first time. This report provides the 2005 NAEP mathematics results for the participating districts. The report compares results to public school students? performance in the nation and in large central cities, and to results for the previous mathematics assessment in 2003, where applicable, using a .05 significance level.
Published: 2005

43. The Nation's Report Card[TM]: Mathematics, 2005. NCES 2006-453

Author: National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Perie, M., Grigg, W., and Dion, G.
Abstract: This report presents the national and state results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessment in mathematics and compares them to results from assessments in 2003 and in the first year data were available, usually 1990. In 2005, nationally representative samples of about 172,000 fourth-grade and 162,000 eighth-grade students nationwide participated in that assessment. Results are presented in two ways: in terms of scale scores and as the percentage of students scoring at or above three benchmarks called achievement levels. NAEP mathematics scores are reported for grades 4 and 8 on a 0-500 scale. Scale score results also are presented for students at various percentiles. Item maps provide interpretative information about a scale score in terms of the skills and knowledge students with a certain score are likely to have. Items placed along the scale in an item map demonstrate how skills correspond to levels of performance. NAEP results are reported at three achievement levels: Basic, Proficient, and Advanced. Achievement levels are performance standards showing what students should know and be able to do. They are set by the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB), based on recommendations from panels of educators and members of the public, to provide a context for interpreting student performance on NAEP. In this report, the achievement-level results are reported as percentages of students performing at or above Basic and at or above Proficient. (Contains 16 figures and 20 tables.)
Published: 2005

44. Algal genomes reveal evolutionary mosaicism and the fate of nucleomorphs

Author: Curtis, Bruce A., Tanifuji, Goro, Burki, Fabien, Gruber, Ansgar, Irimia, Manuuel, Maruyama, Shinichiro, Arias, Maria C., Ball, Steven G., Gile, Gillian H., Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Hopkins, Julia F., Kuo, Alan, Rensing, Stefan A., Schmutz, Jeremy, Symeonidi, Aikaterini, Elias, Marek, Eveleigh, Robert J. M., Herman, Emily K., Klute, Mary J., Nakayama, Takuro, Obornik, Miroslav, Reyes-Prieto, Adrian, Armbrust, E. Virginia, Aves, Stephen J., Beiko, Robert G., Coutinho, Pedro, Dacks, Joel B., Durnford, Dion G., Fast, Naomi M., Green, Beverley R., Grisdale, Cameron J., Hempel, Franziska, Henrissat, Bernard, Hoppner, Marc P., Ishida, Ken-Ichiro, Kim, Eunsoo, Koreny, Ludek, Kroth, Peter G., Liu, Yuan, Malik, Shehre-Banoo, Maier, Uwe G., McRose, Darcy, Mock, Thomas, Neilson, Jonathan A. D., Onodera, Naoko T., Poole, Anthony M., Pritham, Ellen J., Richards, Thomas A., Rocap, Gabrielle, Roy, Scott W., Sarai, Chihiro, Schaack, Sarah, Shirato, Shu, Slamovits, Claudio H., Spencer, Davie F., Suzuki, Shigekatsu, Worden, Alexandra Z., Zauner, Stefan, Barry, Kerrie, Bell, Callum, Bharti, Arvind K., Crow, John A., Grimwood, Jane, Kramer, Robin, Lindquist, Erika, Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf, McFadden, Geoffrey I., Lane, Christopher E., Keeling, Patrick J., Gray, Michael W., Grigoriev, Igor V., and Archibald, John M.
Subjects: comparative genomics
Abstract: Cryptophyte and chlorarachniophyte algae are transitional forms in the widespread secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of photosynthesis by engulfment of eukaryotic algae. Unlike most secondary plastid-bearing algae, miniaturized versions of the endosymbiont nuclei (nucleomorphs) persist in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes. To determine why, and to address other fundamental questions about eukaryote eukaryote endosymbiosis, we sequenced the nuclear genomes of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Both genomes have 21,000 protein genes and are intron rich, and B. natans exhibits unprecedented alternative splicing for a single-celled organism. Phylogenomic analyses and subcellular targeting predictions reveal extensive genetic and biochemical mosaicism, with both host- and endosymbiont-derived genes servicing the mitochondrion, the host cell cytosol, the plastid and the remnant endosymbiont cytosol of both algae. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus gene transfer still occurs in both organisms but plastid-to-nucleus and nucleomorph-to-nucleus transfers do not, which explains why a small residue of essential genes remains locked in each nucleomorph.
Published: 2012

45. Erratum to ‘Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries’ [BJA Open 7 (2023) 100207]

Author: Biccard, Bruce M., Smith, Denton, Peters, Shrikant, Boutall, Adam, Wilson, Graeme, Coetzee, Ettienne, Flint, Margot, Gumede, Simphiwe, Rayamajhi, Shreya, Bannister, Sharon, Daniel, Nonkululo, Fourtouna, Maria, Moore, Rachel, Sentholang, Nnosa, Osayomwanbo, Osaheni, Ifeanyi kene, Aghadi, Yakubu, Saidu Yusuf, Chukwu, Amos, Tolani, Musliu, Adinoyi, Yakubu Momohsani, Aliyu, Abdulrahman, Salahu, Dalhat, Isa kabir, Salisu, Ibrahim, Adigun, Tinuola, Adenekan, Anthony, Williams, Emmanuel, Bhatia, Pradeep Kumar, Chaudhary, Ramkaran, Kothari, Nikhil, Misra, Sanjeev, Pareek, Puneet, Poonia, Dharma Ram, Rathod, Kirti Kumar, Rodha, Mahaveer Singh, Sharma, Naveen, Sharma, Nivedita, Chandra Soni, Subhash, Varshney, Vaibhav Kumar, Vishnoi, Jeewan Ram, Balija, Satya Shree, Goyal, Anuj, Hudda, Farhanul, Joshva, Manoji, Seenivasagam, Rajkumar Kottayasamy, Shajahan, Shafiq, Sharma, Sameer, Singh, Sunil Kumar, Talwar, Praveen, Tripathi, Debendra Kumar, Bhatt, Daniel, Swati, Dhiman, Jyoti, George, Christina, Ghosh, Dhruva N., Goyal, Sunita, Hans, Priyanka, Haque, Parvez D., Jain, Deepak, Kaur, Harsharan, Kumar, Karan, Mahajan, Amit, Michael, Vishal, Rajappa, Reuben, Rajkumar, Arti, Suroy, Atul, Thind, Ravinder Singh, Veetil, Sreejith K., Aggarwal, Alisha Manisha, Dhamija, Parth, Garry, Gurleen Kaur, Gupta, Himani, Jakhar, Ruchi, Kumar, Ashwani, Kumar, Kshitij, Kumar, Parmod, Singh, Gurtaj, Chowdhury, Sona, Desai, Neha, Goswami, Jyotsna, Mathai, Sonia, Patro, Viplab, Kachapila, Mwayi, Monahan, Mark, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Glasbey, James, Morton, Dion G., Pearse, Rupert, Roberts, Tracy E., and Oppong, Raymond
Published: 2024
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46. Protein Targeting to the Plastid of Euglena

Author: Durnford, Dion G., Schwartzbach, Steven D., COHEN, IRUN R., Series editor, LAJTHA, ABEL, Series editor, LAMBRIS, JOHN D., Series editor, PAOLETTI, RODOLFO, Series editor, Schwartzbach, Steven D., editor, and Shigeoka, Shigeru, editor
Published: 2017
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47. THE COST OF PAEDIATRIC ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM A TEACHING HOSPITAL

Author: Kachapila, Mwayi, primary, Sindhu, Shreya, additional, Dhiman, Jyoti, additional, Ghosh, Dhruva N., additional, John, Susan, additional, Monahan, Mark, additional, Morton, Dion G., additional, Roberts, Tracy E., additional, Suroy, Atul, additional, and Oppong, Raymond, additional
Published: 2023
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48. Evolution and regulation of Bigelowiella natans light-harvesting antenna system

Author: A.D. Neilson, Jonathan, Rangsrikitphoti, Pattarasiri, and Durnford, Dion G.
Published: 2017
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49. Systematic review of preoperative and intraoperative colorectal Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS)

Author: Venn, Mary L, primary, Hooper, Richard L, additional, Pampiglione, Tom, additional, Morton, Dion G, additional, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, additional, and Knowles, Charles H, additional
Published: 2023
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50. Fluid optimisation in emergency laparotomy (FLO-ELA) trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy compared to usual care in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Edwards, Mark, Forbes, Gordon, Walker, Neil, Morton, Dion G., Mythen, Monty G., Murray, Dave, Anderson, Iain, Mihaylova, Borislava, Thomson, Ann, Taylor, Matt, Hollyman, Marianne, Phillips, Rachel, Young, Keith, Kahan, Brennan C., Pearse, Rupert M., and Grocott, Mike
Abstract: Introduction: postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery are a major burden on healthcare systems. Optimal management of perioperative intravenous fluids may reduce mortality rates and improve outcomes from surgery. Previous small trials of cardiac-output guided haemodynamic therapy algorithms in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery have suggested this intervention results in reduced complications and a modest reduction in mortality. However, this existing evidence is based mainly on elective (planned) surgery, with little evaluation in the emergency setting. There are fundamental clinical and pathophysiological differences between the planned and emergency surgical setting which may influence the effects of this intervention. A large definitive trial in emergency surgery is needed to confirm or refute the potential benefits observed in elective surgery and to inform widespread clinical practice.Methods: the FLO-ELA trial is a multi-centre, parallel-group, open, randomised controlled trial. 3138 patients aged 50 and over undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation to minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide protocolised administration of intra-venous fluid, or usual care without cardiac output monitoring. The trial intervention will be carried out during surgery and for up to 6 h postoperatively. The trial is funded through an efficient design call by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) programme and uses existing routinely collected datasets for the majority of data collection. The primary outcome is the number of days alive and out of hospital within 90 days of randomisation. Participants and those delivering the intervention will not be blinded to treatment allocation. Participant recruitment started in September 2017 with a 1-year internal pilot phase and is ongoing at the time of publication.Discussion: this will be the largest contemporary randomised trial examining the effectiveness of perioperative cardiac output-guided haemodynamic therapy in patients undergoing major emergency gastrointestinal surgery. The multi-centre design and broad inclusion criteria support the external validity of the trial. Although the clinical teams delivering the trial interventions will not be blinded, significant trial outcome measures are objective and not subject to detection bias.Trial registration: ISRCTN 14729158. Registered on 02 May 2017.
Published: 2023

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