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Tribe Dinidorini Stål, 1868 — Coridius viduatus (F., 1794). Kleyaa, V-2004, N. Naher leg. (AMPC) Abou-Nasser (1958); Lis (2006); Aukema (2018)., Published as part of Matocq, Armand & Azar, Dany, 2023, Preliminary inventory of terrestrial Heteroptera from Lebanon (Hemiptera: Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 5230 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7550504, {"references":["Abou-Nasser, A. (1958) Liste des insectes nuisibles aux cultures au Liban. Publication des Services agricoles, Beyrouth, 47 pp.","Lis, J. A. (2006) Family Cydnidae & Dinidoridae. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomorpha. II. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 119 - 147 & 228 - 232.","Aukema, B. (Ed.) (2018 - 2022) Catalogue of the Palaearctic Heteroptera. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Available from: https: // catpalhet. linnaeus. naturalis. nl (accessed 23 January 2022)"]}

This paper gives, for the first time, a faunistic list of terrestrial Heteroptera (Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha) known to occur in Lebanon. The list is based on examination and identification by the first author of specimens preserved in various collections and on reliable published records. A total of 231 species and subspecies belonging to 161 genera and 26 families are recorded for the country. Among these species, 71 belonging to 60 genera and 11 families are not cited in the Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region (Aukema & Rieger, 1995–2006; Aukema et al., 2013; Aukema 2018–2022), as being present in Lebanon, and thus may be considered as new for the country. A list of 18 species of terrestrial Heteroptera housed at the Lebanese University Collection is also given but these identifications need to be verified.

Aspongopus chinensis Dallas, 1851 is an important insect resource with a long utilization history as traditional Chinese medicine and food owing to its various health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-bacteria, and anti-clotting properties. However, the long period of reproductive diapause during the overwintering stage has limited the broad utilization and artificial cultivation of A. chinensis. Diapause is largely regulated by juvenile hormones. Therefore, understanding the relationship between juvenile hormone metabolism and A. chinensis diapause may provide useful insight for developing genetic engineering strategies to regulate diapause. We identified differentially expressed genes in diapause and non-diapause adults of A. chinensis by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 336,230,260 clean reads were assembled into 80,769 unigenes. Overall, 3,524 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 2,174 down-regulated and 1,350 up-regulated genes in diapause adults. Among these differentially expressed genes, 22 were significantly enriched in the JH III metabolism-related pathway based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. These results provide insight into the molecular-level mechanism of diapause regulation and highlight new targets for preventing diapause to improve A. chinensis cultivation and productivity.

Coridiellus pseudocyclopeltus, a new species of the dinidorid subfamily Dinidorinae, is described from Zaire and is compared with Coridiellus cyclopeltus (Distant, 1890). It is the seventh species of this genus known from Afrotropical Region. A key to all the species of the genus Coridiellus is also provided. Male parameres are used for identification and their photographs are given for the first time for all species of the genus.

Megymenum tuberculatum Hemala & Kocorek, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae: Megymeninae: Megymenini) from Java (Indonesia) is described, illustrated and compared with M. brevicorne (Fabricius, 1787). Although the description is based on only one female specimen, the differences in the morphology of head, pronotum, and spermatheca are significant. In addition, M. brevicorne is briefly redescribed and its distribution and biology reviewed along with its first record from Nepal.

The true bug, Aspongopus chinensis Dallas, 1851 (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae), is a fascinating insect with prolonged diapause and medicinal properties but also a notorious pest. However, because of the lack of genomic resources, an in-depth understanding of its biological characteristics is lacking. Here, we report the first genome assembly of A. chinensis anchored to 10 pseudochromosomes, which was achieved by combining PacBio long reads and Hi-C sequencing data. This chromosome-level genome assembly was 1.55 Gb in size with a scaffold N50 of 156 Mb. The benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog (BUSCO) analysis of the assembly captured 96.6% of the BUSCO genes. A total of 686,888,052 bp of repeat sequences, 18,511 protein-coding genes, and 1,749 noncoding RNAs were annotated. By comparing the A. chinensis genome with that of 8 homologous insects and 2 model organisms, 213 rapidly evolving gene families were identified, including 83 expanded and 130 contracted gene families. The functional enrichment of Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways showed that the significantly expanded gene families were primarily involved in metabolism, immunity, detoxification, and DNA/RNA replication associated with stress responses. The data reported here shed light on the ecological adaptation of A. chinensis and further expanded our understanding of true bug evolution in general.

Pentatomoidea is the largest superfamily of Pentatomomorpha, however, the phylogenetic relationships among pentatomoid families have been debated for a long time. In the present study, we gathered the mitogenomes of 55 species from eight common families (Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Dinidoridae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae, Plataspidae, Urostylididae and Pentatomidae), including 20 newly sequenced mitogenomes, and conducted comparative mitogenomic studies with an emphasis on the structures of non-coding regions. Heterogeneity in the base composition, and contrasting evolutionary rates were encountered among the mitogenomes in Pentatomoidea, especially in Urostylididae, which may lead to unstable phylogenetic topologies. When the family Urostylididae is excluded in taxa sampling or the third codon positions of protein coding genes are removed, phylogenetic analyses under site-homogenous models could provide more stable tree topologies. However, the relationships between families remained the same in all PhyloBayes analyses under the site-heterogeneous mixture model CAT + GTR with different datasets and were recovered as (Cydnidae + (((Tessaratomidae + Dinidoridae) + (Plataspidae + Scutelleridae)) + ((Acanthosomatidae + Urostylididae) + Pentatomidae)))). Our study showed that data optimizing strategies after heterogeneity assessments based on denser sampling and the use of site-heterogeneous mixture models are essential for further analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomoidea.

Dinidor jograziae sp. nov., is described. The new species can be recognized by the relatively shorter mandibular plates which do not come in contact with each other anterior to the clypeus, by the dark brown hemelytral membranes, with darker, reticulate veins, and by having a relatively large portion of the connexiva exposed. We provide high-resolution photographs of important characters such as the head, pronotum, and the male and female external genitalia. We also provide new locality records for D. saucius from southern and southeastern Brazil, including the Atlantic Rain Forest region in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo.

Dinidor saucius St��l 1870 Dinidor saucius St��l: 79; Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 235; Kirkaldy, 1909: 254; Schouteden, 1913: 5; Durai, 1987: 228, 231���232. 1873 Cyclopelta saucia: Walker: 27. 2015 Dinidor mactabilis: Schwertner and Grazia: 822, 827, 849, figs.; Genevcius et al., 2016: 1���4. Distribution. BRAZIL: Esp��rito Santo, Rio de Janeiro (Cachoeiras de Macacu [new rec.], Itatiaia [new rec.], and Rio de Janeiro); Santa Catarina (Joinville [new rec.]); S��o Paulo (Barueri [new rec.], ��leo [new rec.], Santos [new rec.], S��o Bernardo do Campo, S��o Paulo [new rec.]). Material examined. Brasil, SP, S��o Bernardo do Campo, Acampamento dos Engenheiros 23��44���52������S, 46��38���13.71������W, 11���12.Nov.2010, Bio de Campo UNIFESP (1♀); [Brasil] Barueri, S��o Paulo ��� Brasil, 28. III.1955, K. Lenko col. (1♀); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta. Catarina, Dirings col. [Agt 1956, in the back of the label] (2♀); Brasil, Joinville, Rio Bracinho, S[an]ta Catarina, Museu Dirings col. [Mar 1956, written in the back of the label] (1♀); [Brazil] Horto Florestal, S��o Paulo ���S.P., Brasil ��� 13.IV.1962, Lenko & Reichardt col. (2♀); [Brazil] 1.XII.1954, Barueri (Est. S.P.), K. Lenko leg. (1♀); Brasil S��o Paulo, Est. SP.���J. J. Ferraciolli, leg., 30.II.1954 (1♀); Brasil, Santos, Est[ado] S. Paulo, Dirings col. [Nov 1950, written in the back of the label] (2♀); [Brazil] Horto Florestal, S��o Paulo ���S.P., Brasil ��� 13.IV.1962, Lenko & Reichardt col. (4♂); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta Catarina, Dirings col. [Agt 1956 written in the back of the label] (2♂); Brasil, Santos, Est[ado] S[��o] Paulo, Dirings col. [Nov 1950, written in the back of the label] (1♂); [Brazil] Barueri, S��o Paulo ��� Brasil, 28. III.1955, K. Lenko col. (1♂); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta Catarina, II-54, Dirings col. (1♂). Itatiaia, E[stado] do Rio-Brasil, J. F. Zik��n col., 7.IV.[19]31 (18♀ ♂); Brasil, RJ Estado, Local Ipanema, Col. J. Jurberg, Data X-[19]91, N�� (1♂); Brasil ���Estado PR, Local ��leo, Col. Cunha, Data 01/[19]96, N�� (1♂); Brazil, Rio de Jan[eiro], Acc[ess] No. 2966 Nov [ember], CJ Drake coll. 1956 (1♀). [Brazil] Rio [de Janeiro], PR Uhler Collection, no date (1♀ 2♂). * the species D. braziliensis and D. Impicticollis have unique colouration within the genus Dinidor; see text for explanation. ** Except for D. jograziae, body length measurements based on Durai (1987). Comments. The study of the specimens allows us to conclude that the correct identification of the species cited in Genevcius et al. (2016) is actually D. saucius. Some diagnostic characteristics pointed out by Durai (1987) in her key to separate D. mactabilis and D. saucius, for instance the colouration of the costal margin of the corium, are incongruent with the type specimens of both species, and the additional material examined. Indeed, the costal margins of hemelytra in red, orange or light brown is a characteristic seen in every species of the genus Dinidor, and cannot be used to separate the species. Some of the other characters used to diagnose the species, such as the width of the median coloured stripe along the pronotum, showed great variation within the species, and are not reliable for the correct identification of both species, D. mactabilis and D. saucius. Diagnostic characters for the five species of Dinidor with similar colouration (excluding D. braziliensis and D. impicticollis) are presented in Table 1. Prior to this work, the distribution of D. saucius has been scarcely addressed. St��l (1870) described the species from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).Although Durai (1987) only mention Brazil for the distribution of D. saucius, additional material examined by the author were collected in the neighbouring State of Esp��rito Santo (dashed in the map), expanding the distribution of the species. Rolston et al. (1996) only cited Rio de Janeiro, and as the two previous works, no specific locality information was provided. Genevcius et al. (2016) recorded D. saucius (as D. mactabilis, see above) from the state of S��o Paulo (S��o Bernardo do Campo). Aside from the new locality records from the states of Rio de Janeiro and S��o Paulo, we extend the known distribution of D. saucius southwards by at least 600km, to the state of Santa Catarina. The distribution pattern of D. saucius seems to include only the Atlantic Rain Forest region, in southern and southeastern Brazil (Fig. 9)., Published as part of L��pez, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2021, Description of a new species of Dinidor Latreille (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, and new records of D. saucius St��l, pp. 654-662 in Zootaxa 4958 (1) on pages 658-660, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/4692744, {"references":["Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera jemte systematiska meddelanden. Enumeratio Dinidorinorum. In: Kungliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar. Bd. 9. No. 1. P. A. Norstedt, Stockholm, pp. 79 - 89.","Schouteden, H. (1913) Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Dinidorinae, the genera with lists of species. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 153, 1 - 19, 2 pls.","Durai, P. S. S. (1987) A Revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects, 21 (1), 163 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1987.11835477","Genevcius, B. C., Carrenho, R. & Schwertner, C. F. (2016) Dinidor mactabilis (Perty, 1833): first record of Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Check List, 12 (3), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.3.1900","Rolston, L. H., Rider, D. A., Murray, M. J. & Aalbu, R. L. (1996) Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the world. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 39 (1), 22 - 101."]}

Dinidor jograziae sp. nov. (Figs. 1–8) Type material. Holotype (♂): S. Gabriel [Municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira], Rio Negro, Amaz. [State of Amazonas], 29.XI.1927, J. F. Zikán col., Coleção J. F. Zikán, 80688, CEIOC. Paratype: 1♀, same label as the holotype, CEIOC. Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Dr. Jocélia Grazia, for her extensive and decisive contributions to the knowledge of the Heteroptera fauna of the Neotropics. Also, we recognize her for being a kind, inspiring and vivid mentor to several generations of taxonomists, including ourselves. Her legacy will always be a part of our lives. Diagnosis. Dinidor jograziae sp. nov. can be recognized by the following combination of characters: mandibular plates relatively short, truncate to rounded at apex, and not contacting each other in front of clypeus; lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuate; first antennal segment exceeds the apex of mandibular plates; rostrum only reaching the anterior margins of mesocoxae; pronotum with a medial suffused red stripe; anterolateral margins of pronotum straight, not emarginate; humeral angles rounded; scutellum with a medial ocher spot along basal margin, and a red/reddish brown suffused patch on the apical tip, reaching the middle of sternite IV, much shorter than half the length of the abdomen; lateral margins of the scutellum sinuate, narrowing posteriorly, apex acuminate; hemelytral membrane dark brown, with darker, reticulate veins; thoracic sterna, coxae and trochanter suffused in reddish brown; connexiva mostly red, with large black spots on anterior and posterior margins; ventral abdomen mostly black, suffused medially with reddish-brown band close to the posterior margin, and a semi-circular red marking on the lateral margin of each urosternite. Description. Measurements (in mm, ♂ / ♀). Total length 14.4/17.0; head length (along midline from base to an imaginary line connecting apices of mandibular plates) 1.6/1.7; head width (measured across eyes) 2.2/2.4; interocular distance 1.7/1.9; interocellar distance 0.8/0.9; lengths of antennal segments: scape 0.8/1.05, pedicel 1.8/2.1, basiflagellum 1.4/1.6, distiflagellum 2.4/2.7; labial segments lengths: AI 1.0/1.0, AII 1.2/1.1, AIII 0.7/0.8, AIV 0.6/0.7; pronotum length (along midline) 3.9/4.5; pronotum width (at humeral angles) 6.9/8.3; scutellum length (along midline) 3.8/4.1; scutellum width (at base) 4.0/5.0; abdomen width 8.2/10.1. General body outline and colour (figs. 1, 2). Elongate, much longer than wide, oval in shape. Abdomen, at its widest point, wider than pronotum. General colour of body black, with many structures (described below) red, and some spots yellow/ocher; venter black, with median portion of the sternites III–VI brown. Lateral paired trichobothria located within large, round, orangish-yellow calluses located on sternites III–VII. Entire body (including legs and antennae) covered with fine yellowish bristles. Head (fig. 3). Relatively short, 0.4 times length of pronotum; wider than longer, width about 1.4 times length. Rugose, mainly on dorsal portion, and even more prevalent on mandibular plates (mp); a few yellow bristles present. Mandibular plates 1.5 times longer than clypeus, apex round to truncate, coming close to each other but not touching at apex; lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuate. Bucculae anteriorly rounded, extending almost to apex of head; posteriorly, bucculae nearly reaching to middle of compound eyes. Compound eyes rounded, positioned laterally, slightly pedunculate, protruding. Ocelli rounded, red to reddish brown, located much closer to compound eyes than to each other. Antennae 4-segmented; first 3 segments concolourous with head; 4th segment mostly ochraceous, with a very small portion of its base concolourous with other segments. Antennal segments I and IV cylindrical; segments II and III prismatic, grooved on dorsal and ventral surfaces. First antennal segment exceeds apex of head; length of segments ratio: IV>II>III>I. Antenniferous tubercles ventrally positioned, partially obscured by compound eyes and mandibular plates. Rostrum 4-segmented, reaching anterior margins of mesocoxae; segment II longest; segment I reaches base of head, longer than segment III, segment IV shortest. Thorax (figs. 1–3). Pronotum trapezoidal, with anterior angles slightly projecting anteriorly. Anterior margin of pronotum concave; anterolateral margins straight, not emarginate; humeral angles rounded. General colour of pronotum black, with lateral margins and a medial stripe suffused red; stripe thin on anterior half of its length, becoming wider posteriorly. Scutellum subtriangular, lateral margins slightly sinuate, narrowing posteriorly, with a small expansion at apex, acuminate; scutellum reaching middle of sternite IV, much shorter than half length of abdomen. Scutellum mostly of same colour as body, with an ochraceous spot at midline of basal margin, and a red/reddish brown suffused patch at apex. Meso- and metasternum with a distinct, deep, medial groove, narrowing between mesocoxae, suffused in reddish brown (along with coxae and trochanters). Hemelytra (fig. 1). Corium longer than scutellum, claval comissure absent; membranes reaching posterior margin of urosternite VII. Corium mostly black, costal margins red, concolorous with lateral margins and medial stripe of pronotum. Membranes dark brown, with many thick, darker veins, forming a reticulate pattern with many closed cells. Legs (fig. 2). Forecoxae much closer to each other than mesocoxae and metacoxae; distance between mesocoxae subequal to distance between metacoxae. Tibiae grooved dorsally; foretibiae slightly depressed laterally. Coxae and trochanters reddish brown, remaining leg segments black. Foretibial apparatus present; tibial combs present. Tarsi 3-segmented, claws depressed laterally, without bristles. Pulvilli differentiated into basi- and distipulvilli. Abdomen (figs. 1, 2, 4). Connexiva mostly exposed, red with large black spots on anterior and posterior margins of each connexival segment; posterolateral angles slightly projected. Spiracle II slightly exposed in male, totally covered by urosternite III in female. Spiracles III–VII exposed, located laterally on urosternites. In females, spiracle exposed on laterotergites VIII. Pseudo-sutures present on each urosternite, posteriorly to spiracles. A pair of trichobothria present on segments III–VII, located on a large, round, orangish-yellow callus, contiguous with pseudo-sutures, oriented diagonally with spiracles of corresponding segments. Abdominal venter mostly black, suffused medially with reddish-brown band close to posterior margin, a semi-circular, red marking on lateral margin of each urosternite. Male genital capsule (figs. 5–8). External opening dorso-posterior; outline of posterior rim oval, wider than long; dorsal rim (dr) folded inwards medially over segment 10 (X), rugose; ventral rim (vr) emarginate, slightly undulated medially, almost straight; cuplike sclerite with a small projection (csp). Parameres (p) each with apical border regular, nearly straight, thin, covered with many yellowish bristles. Female genital plates (figs. 2, 4). Gonocoxites 8 (gc8) subtriangular, wider than long, shorter than laterotergites 8 (lt8); mesial margins juxtaposed, posterior margins slightly convex. Laterotergites 8 triangular, posterior margins slightly concave; spiracles (s) located basally. Laterotergites 9 (lt9) oblong, longer than wider, apices rounded; mesial margins juxtaposed basally, straight, divergent towards apices; posterior margins suffused with red; surface with a small depression laterally. Segment 10 (X) visible ventrally between laterotergites 9. Comments. Dinidor jograziae is easily separated from D. braziliensis and D. impicticollis by the unique body colour patterns of these two species; that is, D. braziliensis is mostly brown in colour, D. impicticollis is the only species with the pronotum entirely black without any spots or stripes of a different colour. In turn, D. jograziae has the same body colour pattern of the remaining described species of Dinidor: mostly black with a red to reddish-brown stripe present along the lateral margins of the pronotum, which extends to the costal margins of the hemelytra. The new species differs from the remaining species (D. mactabilis, D. pulsator, D. rufocinctus and D. saucius) in several aspects including colouration pattern, shape and proportion of the mandibular plates, proportional length of the rostrum, shape of the lateral margins of the pronotum and humeral angles, length and general outline of the scutellum, and general outline of the ventral rim of the pygophore, among others (Table 1). Some of the major differences we found between D. jograziae and the three similar species found in northern South America (D. mactabilis, D. pulsator and D. rufocinctus) include characteristics such as size and the general body outline. Two species, D. mactabilis and D. rufocinctus, are larger than D. jograziae, the anterolateral margins of the pronotum are slightly convex and emarginate, the humeral angles are obtusely rounded, and the connexiva are narrowly exposed, giving the body outline a more elongate aspect. Although D. pulsator is similar in size and has rounded humeral angles, the description provided by Durai (1987) highlights the anterolateral margins of pronotum being strongly reflexed (“tilted upwards”), and the connexiva is narrowly exposed. The new species is smaller, the anterolateral margins of the pronotum are straight, not reflexed, and the connexiva is largely exposed. The colouration pattern of the connexiva also differs between them; for example in D. mactabilis, D. pulsator and D. rufocinctus, it is mostly red to orange-brown coloured with small black or brown spots on the intersegments, while in D. jograziae, it is red with large black spots on both the anterior and posterior margins of each segment. Dinidor jograziae and D. saucius are similar in size, and they share an oval body outline with the humeral angles rounded, and the connexiva largely exposed. Both species also share the coloured pattern of the connexiva. However, D. saucius has the mandibular plates spatulate (truncate in D. jograziae), with lateral margins deeply sinuate (only slightly sinuate in D. jograziae), pronotum with the anterolateral margins slightly concave (straight in D. jograziae), scutellum with the lateral margins deeply sinuous and apex rounded (lateral margins sinuate and apex acuminate in D. jograziae sp. nov.). Also, although variable in width, the median red stripe on the pronotum is always wider and more conspicuous in D. saucius. Additionally, D. saucius seems to be restricted to southeastern Brazil (see discussion below), while D. jograziae appears to be endemic to the Amazon region (Fig. 9). Distribution. BRAZIL: Amazonas (São Gabriel da Cachoeira).

Dinidor jograziae sp. nov. (Figs. 1���8) Type material. Holotype (♂): S. Gabriel [Municipality of S��o Gabriel da Cachoeira], Rio Negro, Amaz. [State of Amazonas], 29.XI.1927, J. F. Zik��n col., Cole����o J. F. Zik��n, 80688, CEIOC. Paratype: 1♀, same label as the holotype, CEIOC. Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Dr. Joc��lia Grazia, for her extensive and decisive contributions to the knowledge of the Heteroptera fauna of the Neotropics. Also, we recognize her for being a kind, inspiring and vivid mentor to several generations of taxonomists, including ourselves. Her legacy will always be a part of our lives. Diagnosis. Dinidor jograziae sp. nov. can be recognized by the following combination of characters: mandibular plates relatively short, truncate to rounded at apex, and not contacting each other in front of clypeus; lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuate; first antennal segment exceeds the apex of mandibular plates; rostrum only reaching the anterior margins of mesocoxae; pronotum with a medial suffused red stripe; anterolateral margins of pronotum straight, not emarginate; humeral angles rounded; scutellum with a medial ocher spot along basal margin, and a red/reddish brown suffused patch on the apical tip, reaching the middle of sternite IV, much shorter than half the length of the abdomen; lateral margins of the scutellum sinuate, narrowing posteriorly, apex acuminate; hemelytral membrane dark brown, with darker, reticulate veins; thoracic sterna, coxae and trochanter suffused in reddish brown; connexiva mostly red, with large black spots on anterior and posterior margins; ventral abdomen mostly black, suffused medially with reddish-brown band close to the posterior margin, and a semi-circular red marking on the lateral margin of each urosternite. Description. Measurements (in mm, ♂ / ♀). Total length 14.4/17.0; head length (along midline from base to an imaginary line connecting apices of mandibular plates) 1.6/1.7; head width (measured across eyes) 2.2/2.4; interocular distance 1.7/1.9; interocellar distance 0.8/0.9; lengths of antennal segments: scape 0.8/1.05, pedicel 1.8/2.1, basiflagellum 1.4/1.6, distiflagellum 2.4/2.7; labial segments lengths: AI 1.0/1.0, AII 1.2/1.1, AIII 0.7/0.8, AIV 0.6/0.7; pronotum length (along midline) 3.9/4.5; pronotum width (at humeral angles) 6.9/8.3; scutellum length (along midline) 3.8/4.1; scutellum width (at base) 4.0/5.0; abdomen width 8.2/10.1. General body outline and colour (figs. 1, 2). Elongate, much longer than wide, oval in shape. Abdomen, at its widest point, wider than pronotum. General colour of body black, with many structures (described below) red, and some spots yellow/ocher; venter black, with median portion of the sternites III���VI brown. Lateral paired trichobothria located within large, round, orangish-yellow calluses located on sternites III���VII. Entire body (including legs and antennae) covered with fine yellowish bristles. Head (fig. 3). Relatively short, 0.4 times length of pronotum; wider than longer, width about 1.4 times length. Rugose, mainly on dorsal portion, and even more prevalent on mandibular plates (mp); a few yellow bristles present. Mandibular plates 1.5 times longer than clypeus, apex round to truncate, coming close to each other but not touching at apex; lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuate. Bucculae anteriorly rounded, extending almost to apex of head; posteriorly, bucculae nearly reaching to middle of compound eyes. Compound eyes rounded, positioned laterally, slightly pedunculate, protruding. Ocelli rounded, red to reddish brown, located much closer to compound eyes than to each other. Antennae 4-segmented; first 3 segments concolourous with head; 4th segment mostly ochraceous, with a very small portion of its base concolourous with other segments. Antennal segments I and IV cylindrical; segments II and III prismatic, grooved on dorsal and ventral surfaces. First antennal segment exceeds apex of head; length of segments ratio: IV>II>III>I. Antenniferous tubercles ventrally positioned, partially obscured by compound eyes and mandibular plates. Rostrum 4-segmented, reaching anterior margins of mesocoxae; segment II longest; segment I reaches base of head, longer than segment III, segment IV shortest. Thorax (figs. 1���3). Pronotum trapezoidal, with anterior angles slightly projecting anteriorly. Anterior margin of pronotum concave; anterolateral margins straight, not emarginate; humeral angles rounded. General colour of pronotum black, with lateral margins and a medial stripe suffused red; stripe thin on anterior half of its length, becoming wider posteriorly. Scutellum subtriangular, lateral margins slightly sinuate, narrowing posteriorly, with a small expansion at apex, acuminate; scutellum reaching middle of sternite IV, much shorter than half length of abdomen. Scutellum mostly of same colour as body, with an ochraceous spot at midline of basal margin, and a red/reddish brown suffused patch at apex. Meso- and metasternum with a distinct, deep, medial groove, narrowing between mesocoxae, suffused in reddish brown (along with coxae and trochanters). Hemelytra (fig. 1). Corium longer than scutellum, claval comissure absent; membranes reaching posterior margin of urosternite VII. Corium mostly black, costal margins red, concolorous with lateral margins and medial stripe of pronotum. Membranes dark brown, with many thick, darker veins, forming a reticulate pattern with many closed cells. Legs (fig. 2). Forecoxae much closer to each other than mesocoxae and metacoxae; distance between mesocoxae subequal to distance between metacoxae. Tibiae grooved dorsally; foretibiae slightly depressed laterally. Coxae and trochanters reddish brown, remaining leg segments black. Foretibial apparatus present; tibial combs present. Tarsi 3-segmented, claws depressed laterally, without bristles. Pulvilli differentiated into basi- and distipulvilli. Abdomen (figs. 1, 2, 4). Connexiva mostly exposed, red with large black spots on anterior and posterior margins of each connexival segment; posterolateral angles slightly projected. Spiracle II slightly exposed in male, totally covered by urosternite III in female. Spiracles III���VII exposed, located laterally on urosternites. In females, spiracle exposed on laterotergites VIII. Pseudo-sutures present on each urosternite, posteriorly to spiracles. A pair of trichobothria present on segments III���VII, located on a large, round, orangish-yellow callus, contiguous with pseudo-sutures, oriented diagonally with spiracles of corresponding segments. Abdominal venter mostly black, suffused medially with reddish-brown band close to posterior margin, a semi-circular, red marking on lateral margin of each urosternite. Male genital capsule (figs. 5���8). External opening dorso-posterior; outline of posterior rim oval, wider than long; dorsal rim (dr) folded inwards medially over segment 10 (X), rugose; ventral rim (vr) emarginate, slightly undulated medially, almost straight; cuplike sclerite with a small projection (csp). Parameres (p) each with apical border regular, nearly straight, thin, covered with many yellowish bristles. Female genital plates (figs. 2, 4). Gonocoxites 8 (gc8) subtriangular, wider than long, shorter than laterotergites 8 (lt8); mesial margins juxtaposed, posterior margins slightly convex. Laterotergites 8 triangular, posterior margins slightly concave; spiracles (s) located basally. Laterotergites 9 (lt9) oblong, longer than wider, apices rounded; mesial margins juxtaposed basally, straight, divergent towards apices; posterior margins suffused with red; surface with a small depression laterally. Segment 10 (X) visible ventrally between laterotergites 9. Comments. Dinidor jograziae is easily separated from D. braziliensis and D. impicticollis by the unique body colour patterns of these two species; that is, D. braziliensis is mostly brown in colour, D. impicticollis is the only species with the pronotum entirely black without any spots or stripes of a different colour. In turn, D. jograziae has the same body colour pattern of the remaining described species of Dinidor: mostly black with a red to reddish-brown stripe present along the lateral margins of the pronotum, which extends to the costal margins of the hemelytra. The new species differs from the remaining species (D. mactabilis, D. pulsator, D. rufocinctus and D. saucius) in several aspects including colouration pattern, shape and proportion of the mandibular plates, proportional length of the rostrum, shape of the lateral margins of the pronotum and humeral angles, length and general outline of the scutellum, and general outline of the ventral rim of the pygophore, among others (Table 1). Some of the major differences we found between D. jograziae and the three similar species found in northern South America (D. mactabilis, D. pulsator and D. rufocinctus) include characteristics such as size and the general body outline. Two species, D. mactabilis and D. rufocinctus, are larger than D. jograziae, the anterolateral margins of the pronotum are slightly convex and emarginate, the humeral angles are obtusely rounded, and the connexiva are narrowly exposed, giving the body outline a more elongate aspect. Although D. pulsator is similar in size and has rounded humeral angles, the description provided by Durai (1987) highlights the anterolateral margins of pronotum being strongly reflexed (���tilted upwards���), and the connexiva is narrowly exposed. The new species is smaller, the anterolateral margins of the pronotum are straight, not reflexed, and the connexiva is largely exposed. The colouration pattern of the connexiva also differs between them; for example in D. mactabilis, D. pulsator and D. rufocinctus, it is mostly red to orange-brown coloured with small black or brown spots on the intersegments, while in D. jograziae, it is red with large black spots on both the anterior and posterior margins of each segment. Dinidor jograziae and D. saucius are similar in size, and they share an oval body outline with the humeral angles rounded, and the connexiva largely exposed. Both species also share the coloured pattern of the connexiva. However, D. saucius has the mandibular plates spatulate (truncate in D. jograziae), with lateral margins deeply sinuate (only slightly sinuate in D. jograziae), pronotum with the anterolateral margins slightly concave (straight in D. jograziae), scutellum with the lateral margins deeply sinuous and apex rounded (lateral margins sinuate and apex acuminate in D. jograziae sp. nov.). Also, although variable in width, the median red stripe on the pronotum is always wider and more conspicuous in D. saucius. Additionally, D. saucius seems to be restricted to southeastern Brazil (see discussion below), while D. jograziae appears to be endemic to the Amazon region (Fig. 9). Distribution. BRAZIL: Amazonas (S��o Gabriel da Cachoeira)., Published as part of L��pez, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2021, Description of a new species of Dinidor Latreille (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, and new records of D. saucius St��l, pp. 654-662 in Zootaxa 4958 (1) on pages 655-658, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/4692744, {"references":["Durai, P. S. S. (1987) A Revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects, 21 (1), 163 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1987.11835477"]}

Many plant-sucking stinkbugs possess a specialized symbiotic organ with numerous crypts in a posterior region of the midgut. In stinkbugs of the superfamily Pentatomoidea, specific γ-proteobacteria are hosted in the crypt cavities, which are vertically transmitted through host generations and essential for normal growth and survival of the host insects. Here we report the discovery of an exceptional gut symbiotic association in the saw-toothed stinkbug, Megymenum gracilicorne (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea: Dinidoridae), in which specific γ-proteobacterial symbionts are not transmitted vertically but acquired environmentally. Histological inspection identified a very thin and long midgut symbiotic organ with two rows of tiny crypts whose cavities harbor rod-shaped bacterial cells. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the symbiotic organs of field-collected insects revealed that (i) M. gracilicorne is stably associated with Pantoea-allied γ-proteobacteria within the midgut crypts, (ii) the symbiotic bacteria exhibit a considerable level of diversity across host individuals and populations, (iii) the major symbiotic bacteria represent an environmental bacterial lineage that was reported to be capable of symbiosis with the stinkbug Plautia stali, and (iv) the minor symbiotic bacteria also represent several bacterial lineages that were reported as cultivable symbionts of P. stali and other stinkbugs. The symbiotic bacteria were shown to be generally cultivable. Microbial inspection of ovipositing adult females and their eggs and nymphs uncovered the absence of stable vertical transmission of the symbiotic bacteria. Rearing experiments showed that symbiont-supplemented newborn nymphs exhibit improved survival, suggesting the beneficial nature of the symbiotic association.

Megymenum tuberculatum Hemala & Kocorek, sp. nov. (Figs 1���3, 5, 13) Type locality. Indonesia, Java. Type material. Holotype: ♀ (MHNG), INDONESIA: Java: ���418 / 65 Java. / M. Melly.��� [hw, ivory label] // ��� ♀ ��� [p, small white label] // ��� HOLOTYPUS / Megymenum / tuberculatum / sp. nov. / det. V. HEMALA & A. KO- COREK 2017 [p, red label]���. The holotype is card-mounted, with a pin-hole in pronotum and right hemelytra; right basi- and distiflagellum, left antenna, labial segments III and IV, right and left protarsal segments II and III, right middle leg, and right hind leg all missing. Description of female (holotype). Coloration (Figs 1���3). Body dark brown, only labium light brown and membranes of hemelytra yellowish with dark brown spots at the base. Small fields around abdominal trichobothria are also light brown. Punctation. Head, anterior pronotal tubercle, posterior pronotal lobe, scutellum, clavus, connexiva and abdominal laterotergites with small, dense punctures. Punctation of anterior pronotal lobe, ventral sides of pro-, meso- and metathorax and abdominal ventrites with lower density. Pilosity. The vast majority of the body surface without pilosity, only very small areas around coxae and a shallow depression between valvifers VIII and laterotergites IX covered by sparse and very fine light brown colored hairs at their anterior sides. All tibiae apically covered with small semierect setae. Ventral side of tarsi covered by very fine and very dense setae forming a pillow. Structure. Body medium sized, elongate (Fig. 1), widest across mid of abdomen (between apices of lobes on laterotergites IV), only slightly convex dorsally, strongly convex ventrally, thorax trapezoid in cross section (Fig. 5). Head slightly wider than long; clypeus very small, mandibular plates longer than clypeus, together heart-shaped and strongly concave dorsally. Anteocular spines large, triangular but not sharp. Base of head wide (widest across eyes); small compound eyes positioned posterolaterally, nearly in touch with anterior part of pronotum. Antenniferous tubercle very small, short and not visible in dorsal view. Anteocular processes present and visible from dorsal view. Scape (I) very short, shorter than mandibular plate; pedicel (II) nearly flattened, 2.5 times longer than segment I and longer than mandibular plate. Basi- (III) and distiflagellum (IV) mutilated. Bucculae round, very short, but longer than labrum. Labial segment I shorter than segment II, clearly reaching posterior margin of head, segments III and IV mutilated. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 1, 5) trapezoid in dorsal view, without well differentiated collar-like structure.Anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave; anterolateral margin only very slightly projecting forward to form very small and rounded process, only very slightly concave anteriad from this process and nearly straight posteriad from this process. Posterolateral margin slightly rounded, as long as 2/3 of anterolateral margin; posterior margin along base of scutellum slightly convex. Pronotal surface tuberculate, with very large rounded tubercle in the middle of its anterior part, positioned at the anterior margin. This tubercle is 1.4 times wider than long. Disc with depressions at anterolateral angles. Scutellum only slightly longer than wide at its base, reaching about middle of abdominal length; regularly narrowing posteriad. Prosternum with tubercles around the coxae, meso- and metasternum nearly flat, without tubercles. External scent efferent system with large ostiole and evaporatorium. Ostiole positioned nearly in ventral 1/4 of metapleuron. Peritreme in form of short, narrow spout (about twice as long as ostiole), directed slightly posterolaterad with rounded apex. Evaporatorium wide, placed on the strongly folded cuticle, covering the lateral 1/3 of vestibulum, central part of metepisternum anteriorly (in shape of wide semicircle) and narrow strip in central part of mesepimeron posteriorly, surrounding the whole peritreme and nearly the whole metathoracic spiracle. Metathoracic spiracle narrow, straight, placed in the middle of suture between meso- and metapleuron. Hemelytra. Clavus short, slightly surpassing half-length of scutellum. Corium slightly shorter than scutellum, lacking apparent veins; anterodistal (seemingly posterolateral) angle rounded. Membrane large, twice as long as clavus; apically widely rounded, reaching apex of abdomen. Venation on membrane reticulate. Legs. Pro- and mesofemur clavate and shorter than metafemur, metafemur rather cylindrical and longer than pro- and mesofemur. Mesofemur 1.22 times longer than profemur, and metafemur 1.23 times longer than mesofemur. Profemora with two longitudinal series of denticles after four denticles on ventral side apically. Mesofemur and metafemur with two longitudinal series of denticles after three denticles on ventral side apically. Length of dencticles on femora gradually increased towards apex. Femora apically flat between the rows of denticles. Pro- and mesotibia shorter than metatibia, metatibia longer than pro- and mesotibia and bearing the tympanal organ (seen in Dinidoridae females only). Mesotibia 1.13 times longer than protibia, and metatibia 1.44 times longer than mesotibia. Tarsi 3-segmented; protarsal segments II and III mutilated. Abdomen. Connexiva not covered by hemelytra; posterolateral angles of connexival segments with two distinct small lobes on each one segment, of which anterior one very small, posterior one larger and well developed. Spiracle II exposed, situated slightly more ventrally than spiracles III���VIII. Spiracle VIII clearly smaller than spiracles II���VII, and positioned more laterally on laterotergite VIII. Two trichobothria situated on each laterotergite III���VII, postspiracular, the anterior one positioned more laterally, the posterior one more ventrally; each trichobothrium situated in separate small field. External female genitalia. Valvifers VIII of quarter-circular shape, not fused medially; laterotergites IX trapeziform. Spermatheca (Fig. 13). Apical receptacle (spermathecal bulb) spherical, medium sized. Intermediate part (pumping region) short, well defined, with distinct and large distal and proximal flanges. Spermathecal duct large, strongly dilated (sac-like), with a distinct lateral fold bearing inconspicuous ring sclerite. Spines of spermathecal duct distinct and large, covering only a small L-shaped area postero-lateraly of the ring sclerite. Measurements (of holotype, in mm; n = 1). Body length (from apex of clypeus to apex of abdomen) 13.18; head: length (from apex of clypeus to anterior margin of pronotum) 2.01, width (maximum width across eyes) 2.56, height (height across compound eye) 1.62, interocular width (between inner margins of compound eyes) 1.78; lengths of antennal segments: scape (I)���0.85, pedicel (II)���1.71, basiflagellum (III)���?, distiflagellum (IV)���?; length of labial segments: I���1.32, II���1.40, III���?, IV���?; pronotum: length (medially) 3.72, anterior width (between anterolateral angles) 4.65, length of anterior tubercle (medially) 1.24, width of anterior tubercle (in middle) 1.74; posterior width (maximum width between humeral angles) 5.97; scutellum: length (medially from base to apex) 3.87, width (maximum width at base) 3.41; corium: length 4.03, width 1.86; abdomen width (maximum width between apices of lobes on laterotergites IV) 7.32; length of femora: profemur 2.79, mesofemur 3.41, metafemur 4.18; length of tibiae: protibia 2.48, mesotibia 2.79, metatibia 4.03; length of tarsi: protarsus?, mesotarsus 1.24, metatarsus 1.24. Male. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. The habitus of M. tuberculatum sp. nov. is very similar to that of M. brevicorne (Fabricius, 1787) (see Figs 1, 4), but the new species differs in the characters on head, antennae, pronotum, prosternum, connexiva and spermatheca. The crucial character for separating the new species is distinctly larger anterodorsal tubercle on pronotum, but in contrast to M. brevicorne, the new species has also: i) anteocular spines on head present (only sporadically found in M. brevicorne; see Figs 1, 4), ii) pedicel more wider and more flattened, iii) pronotum with not well differentiated collar-like structure due to the low concavity of its anterolateral margin (see Figs 5, 6), iv) prosternum with tubercles around the coxae (not present in M. brevicorne), v) connexiva with smaller and not so sharp lobes as in M. brevicorne (see Figs 1, 2, 4), vi) intermediate part (pumping region) of spermatheca clearly shorter than in M. brevicorne (see Figs 13, 14), vii) spermathecal duct slightly shorter and more dilated lateraly than in M. brevicorne (see Figs 13, 14), viii) slightly more distinct lateral fold of spermathecal duct, but inconspicuous ring sclerite (slightly less distinct lateral fold and more distinct ring sclerite in M. brevicorne; see Figs 13, 14) and ix) L-shaped spine area of spermathecal duct (only longitudinal in M. brevicorne; see Figs 13, 14). Anterodorsal tubercle on pronotum of the new species is the largest among all known species of the genus Megymenum which possess this tubercle (Figs 5���12). Etymology. The species name is the Latin adjective tuberculatum (= tuberculate), referring to the characteristic large anterodorsal tubercle of pronotum, which is distinctly larger than such tubercle in all other known species of the genus. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Indonesia: Java (without exact locality). Note on collector name. The collector name ���M. Melly��� written on the first ivory label probably refers to Andr�� Melly (1802���1851) who gathered a large entomological collection in MHNG (over 22 000 species from around the world) consisting especially of beetles (Coleoptera), but also of other insect orders (viz Schaum 1852)., Published as part of Hemala, Vladim��r, Kocorek, Anna & Lis, Jerzy A., 2020, Megymenum tuberculatum, a new species of Megymenini from Java and a review of distribution of M. brevicorne (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae), pp. 439-454 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 440-441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3933302, {"references":["Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa insectorvm sistens species nvper detectas adiectis synonymis, observationibvs, descriptionibvs, emendationibvs. Tom. II. Christian Gottlieb Proft, Hafniae, v + 472 pp.","Schaum, H. (1852) Nekrolog. Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 13 (3), 67 - 71."]}

Megymenum tuberculatum Hemala & Kocorek, sp. nov. (Figs 1–3, 5, 13) Type locality. Indonesia, Java. Type material. Holotype: ♀ (MHNG), INDONESIA: Java: ‘418 / 65 Java. / M. Melly.’ [hw, ivory label] // ‘ ♀ ’ [p, small white label] // ‘ HOLOTYPUS / Megymenum / tuberculatum / sp. nov. / det. V. HEMALA & A. KO- COREK 2017 [p, red label]’. The holotype is card-mounted, with a pin-hole in pronotum and right hemelytra; right basi- and distiflagellum, left antenna, labial segments III and IV, right and left protarsal segments II and III, right middle leg, and right hind leg all missing. Description of female (holotype). Coloration (Figs 1–3). Body dark brown, only labium light brown and membranes of hemelytra yellowish with dark brown spots at the base. Small fields around abdominal trichobothria are also light brown. Punctation. Head, anterior pronotal tubercle, posterior pronotal lobe, scutellum, clavus, connexiva and abdominal laterotergites with small, dense punctures. Punctation of anterior pronotal lobe, ventral sides of pro-, meso- and metathorax and abdominal ventrites with lower density. Pilosity. The vast majority of the body surface without pilosity, only very small areas around coxae and a shallow depression between valvifers VIII and laterotergites IX covered by sparse and very fine light brown colored hairs at their anterior sides. All tibiae apically covered with small semierect setae. Ventral side of tarsi covered by very fine and very dense setae forming a pillow. Structure. Body medium sized, elongate (Fig. 1), widest across mid of abdomen (between apices of lobes on laterotergites IV), only slightly convex dorsally, strongly convex ventrally, thorax trapezoid in cross section (Fig. 5). Head slightly wider than long; clypeus very small, mandibular plates longer than clypeus, together heart-shaped and strongly concave dorsally. Anteocular spines large, triangular but not sharp. Base of head wide (widest across eyes); small compound eyes positioned posterolaterally, nearly in touch with anterior part of pronotum. Antenniferous tubercle very small, short and not visible in dorsal view. Anteocular processes present and visible from dorsal view. Scape (I) very short, shorter than mandibular plate; pedicel (II) nearly flattened, 2.5 times longer than segment I and longer than mandibular plate. Basi- (III) and distiflagellum (IV) mutilated. Bucculae round, very short, but longer than labrum. Labial segment I shorter than segment II, clearly reaching posterior margin of head, segments III and IV mutilated. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 1, 5) trapezoid in dorsal view, without well differentiated collar-like structure.Anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave; anterolateral margin only very slightly projecting forward to form very small and rounded process, only very slightly concave anteriad from this process and nearly straight posteriad from this process. Posterolateral margin slightly rounded, as long as 2/3 of anterolateral margin; posterior margin along base of scutellum slightly convex. Pronotal surface tuberculate, with very large rounded tubercle in the middle of its anterior part, positioned at the anterior margin. This tubercle is 1.4 times wider than long. Disc with depressions at anterolateral angles. Scutellum only slightly longer than wide at its base, reaching about middle of abdominal length; regularly narrowing posteriad. Prosternum with tubercles around the coxae, meso- and metasternum nearly flat, without tubercles. External scent efferent system with large ostiole and evaporatorium. Ostiole positioned nearly in ventral 1/4 of metapleuron. Peritreme in form of short, narrow spout (about twice as long as ostiole), directed slightly posterolaterad with rounded apex. Evaporatorium wide, placed on the strongly folded cuticle, covering the lateral 1/3 of vestibulum, central part of metepisternum anteriorly (in shape of wide semicircle) and narrow strip in central part of mesepimeron posteriorly, surrounding the whole peritreme and nearly the whole metathoracic spiracle. Metathoracic spiracle narrow, straight, placed in the middle of suture between meso- and metapleuron. Hemelytra. Clavus short, slightly surpassing half-length of scutellum. Corium slightly shorter than scutellum, lacking apparent veins; anterodistal (seemingly posterolateral) angle rounded. Membrane large, twice as long as clavus; apically widely rounded, reaching apex of abdomen. Venation on membrane reticulate. Legs. Pro- and mesofemur clavate and shorter than metafemur, metafemur rather cylindrical and longer than pro- and mesofemur. Mesofemur 1.22 times longer than profemur, and metafemur 1.23 times longer than mesofemur. Profemora with two longitudinal series of denticles after four denticles on ventral side apically. Mesofemur and metafemur with two longitudinal series of denticles after three denticles on ventral side apically. Length of dencticles on femora gradually increased towards apex. Femora apically flat between the rows of denticles. Pro- and mesotibia shorter than metatibia, metatibia longer than pro- and mesotibia and bearing the tympanal organ (seen in Dinidoridae females only). Mesotibia 1.13 times longer than protibia, and metatibia 1.44 times longer than mesotibia. Tarsi 3-segmented; protarsal segments II and III mutilated. Abdomen. Connexiva not covered by hemelytra; posterolateral angles of connexival segments with two distinct small lobes on each one segment, of which anterior one very small, posterior one larger and well developed. Spiracle II exposed, situated slightly more ventrally than spiracles III–VIII. Spiracle VIII clearly smaller than spiracles II–VII, and positioned more laterally on laterotergite VIII. Two trichobothria situated on each laterotergite III–VII, postspiracular, the anterior one positioned more laterally, the posterior one more ventrally; each trichobothrium situated in separate small field. External female genitalia. Valvifers VIII of quarter-circular shape, not fused medially; laterotergites IX trapeziform. Spermatheca (Fig. 13). Apical receptacle (spermathecal bulb) spherical, medium sized. Intermediate part (pumping region) short, well defined, with distinct and large distal and proximal flanges. Spermathecal duct large, strongly dilated (sac-like), with a distinct lateral fold bearing inconspicuous ring sclerite. Spines of spermathecal duct distinct and large, covering only a small L-shaped area postero-lateraly of the ring sclerite. Measurements (of holotype, in mm; n = 1). Body length (from apex of clypeus to apex of abdomen) 13.18; head: length (from apex of clypeus to anterior margin of pronotum) 2.01, width (maximum width across eyes) 2.56, height (height across compound eye) 1.62, interocular width (between inner margins of compound eyes) 1.78; lengths of antennal segments: scape (I)—0.85, pedicel (II)—1.71, basiflagellum (III)—?, distiflagellum (IV)—?; length of labial segments: I—1.32, II—1.40, III—?, IV—?; pronotum: length (medially) 3.72, anterior width (between anterolateral angles) 4.65, length of anterior tubercle (medially) 1.24, width of anterior tubercle (in middle) 1.74; posterior width (maximum width between humeral angles) 5.97; scutellum: length (medially from base to apex) 3.87, width (maximum width at base) 3.41; corium: length 4.03, width 1.86; abdomen width (maximum width between apices of lobes on laterotergites IV) 7.32; length of femora: profemur 2.79, mesofemur 3.41, metafemur 4.18; length of tibiae: protibia 2.48, mesotibia 2.79, metatibia 4.03; length of tarsi: protarsus?, mesotarsus 1.24, metatarsus 1.24. Male. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. The habitus of M. tuberculatum sp. nov. is very similar to that of M. brevicorne (Fabricius, 1787) (see Figs 1, 4), but the new species differs in the characters on head, antennae, pronotum, prosternum, connexiva and spermatheca. The crucial character for separating the new species is distinctly larger anterodorsal tubercle on pronotum, but in contrast to M. brevicorne, the new species has also: i) anteocular spines on head present (only sporadically found in M. brevicorne; see Figs 1, 4), ii) pedicel more wider and more flattened, iii) pronotum with not well differentiated collar-like structure due to the low concavity of its anterolateral margin (see Figs 5, 6), iv) prosternum with tubercles around the coxae (not present in M. brevicorne), v) connexiva with smaller and not so sharp lobes as in M. brevicorne (see Figs 1, 2, 4), vi) intermediate part (pumping region) of spermatheca clearly shorter than in M. brevicorne (see Figs 13, 14), vii) spermathecal duct slightly shorter and more dilated lateraly than in M. brevicorne (see Figs 13, 14), viii) slightly more distinct lateral fold of spermathecal duct, but inconspicuous ring sclerite (slightly less distinct lateral fold and more distinct ring sclerite in M. brevicorne; see Figs 13, 14) and ix) L-shaped spine area of spermathecal duct (only longitudinal in M. brevicorne; see Figs 13, 14). Anterodorsal tubercle on pronotum of the new species is the largest among all known species of the genus Megymenum which possess this tubercle (Figs 5–12). Etymology. The species name is the Latin adjective tuberculatum (= tuberculate), referring to the characteristic large anterodorsal tubercle of pronotum, which is distinctly larger than such tubercle in all other known species of the genus. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Indonesia: Java (without exact locality). Note on collector name. The collector name “M. Melly” written on the first ivory label probably refers to André Melly (1802–1851) who gathered a large entomological collection in MHNG (over 22 000 species from around the world) consisting especially of beetles (Coleoptera), but also of other insect orders (viz Schaum 1852).

Coridiellus pseudocyclopeltus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Diagnosis. Externally the new species is similar to Coridiellus cyclopeltus (Fig. 3), but could easily be separated by the color of the 5 th segment of antennae, which is light brown or almost yellow, legs light brown, and also by the shape of paramere (Fig. 2). The same characters in C. cyclopeltus are, respectively: the color of 5 th segment of antennae is black, legs dark brown or black, shape of paramere is different (Fig. 4). Description: Body elongate ovoid, black and blackish brown, with pale scutellum, legs and 5 th antennal segment. Head. Small, triangular almost flat, paraclypei longer than anteclypeus and joined in front of it, lateral margin very slightly sinuated in front of eyes; eyes blackish brown with the yellow tinge; antennae almost black colored but 5 th segment with a tinge of yellow, 1 st segment reaches apex of head, 2 nd minute, 3 rd and 5 th almost the same length, 4 th slightly smaller than 5 th; rostrum 4 segmented, extending to middle of mesocoxae, 2 nd longest, 3 rd and 4 th short and subequal; bucculae rounded. Thorax. Pronotum with black band along anterior border; surface with puncture like spots; anterior margin deeply concave; lateral margins widely arched; posterior margin sinuate at ends and almost straight at base of scutellum. Scutellum the same color like corium and membrane, lateral margin sinuate, apex large and rounded. Corium longer than scutellum. Membrane exceeds posterior extremity of abdomen, some basal cells distinct, with numerous longitudinal veins. Mesosternum grooved medially; scent gland spout prolonged into a tongue-like extension, brown. Legs almost similarly colored as venter but lighter than dorsum, femora finely spined (four very small spines present on undersurface of femora), posterior tibiae of female slightly dilated, tarsi 3 segmented. Abdomen. Connexivum exposed, black; spiracles of 1 st visible abdominal sternum covered by metasternum; spiracles placed in linear arrangement near lateral margins of abdomen and closer to antherior intersegmental border of segments. Male genitalia. Pygophore with distinct ventral rim, paramere with characteristic thumb-like processus with some hairs at the apex and with rounded and swollen border with distinct appendix (Fig. 2). Female genitalia. Spermatheca sac-like, lightly sclerotized, spermathecal bulb round, flanges well separated, sclerite with two horns. Etymology. The name of new species is related to similar Coridiellus cyclopeltus (Distant, 1890). Measurements holotype and paratypes: (male followed by female): body length 14.00-15.10, 15.00-15.80; body width 8.50-9.10, 9.70-10.50; head length 1.50, 1.70; head width 2.50, 2.50-2.80; pronotal length 3.20-3.40, 3.20- 3.70; pronotal width 8.80-8.90, 8.90-10.00; scutellum length 4.50, 4.40-4.70; scutellum width 5.00, 5.00-5.80; antennal segments I-0.8, II-0.3, III-2.00, IV-1.7, V-2.10; I-0.80, II-0.30, III-2.10, IV-1.80, V-2.20. Type material studied: Holotype: [DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO]: Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, Mpaza / 9, 24-I- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3068, male (ISNB) Paratype: [DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO]: Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, Mpaza/9, 24-I- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3068; 7 male, 12 females, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, Mpaza/9, 23I 1952, H. De Saeger. 3038, 3 females, (ISNB); Congo Belge N.P.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, II/db/8, 6II 1952, H. De Saeger. 3106, 2 males, 2 females, (ISNB); Congo Belge N.P.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, PFSK. 8/d/9, 25-III- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3223, 1 male, (ISNB); Congo belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, I/c/2������, 3II 1950, Rec. H. De Saeger. 192, 1 male, 1 female, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, II/ed/16, 20III 1951, Rec. H. De Saeger. 1429, 1 male, 1 female, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, II/f/3, 9I 1951, Rec. J. Verschuren. 1071, 1 male, 2 females, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, II/fd/16, 28XI 1951, Rec. H. De Saeger. 2813, 1 female, (ISNB); Congo Belge N.P.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, Ppk. 73/d/9, 8IV 1952, H. De Saeger. 3304, 1 female, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, Biadimbi, 24II 1951, Rec. J. Verschuren. 1294, 1 male, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, I/o/2, 6-XI- 1950, Rec. H. De Saeger, 935, 2 females, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, Gangala, 13-X- 1949, Rec. H. De Saeger, 45, 1 female, (ISNB); Congo Belge P.N.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, II/fb/16, 6-III- 1951, Rec. J. Verschuren. 1344, 1 female, (ISNB) Congo Belge N.P.G. Miss. H. De Saeger, PpK. 8/d/8, 8-II- 1952, H. DE Saeger. 3102, 1 female, (ISNB) Distribution: Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire is an old name)., Published as part of Kocorek, Anna, 2020, New Afrotropical species of the genus Coridiellus J. A. Lis, 1990 with a key to its species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae), pp. 193-200 in Zootaxa 4767 (1) on pages 194-199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3770715, {"references":["Lis, J. A. (1990) New genera, new species, new records and checklist of the old world Dinidoridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum-Entomology, 1, 103 - 147."]}

Genus Coridiellus J.A. Lis, 1990 Diagnostic characters. Body elongated ovoid, black, brown or reddish brown, sometimes with darker or pale band in anterior margin of pronotum, along costal border and sometimes along lateral margin of abdomen, sometimes legs and 5 th antennal segment pale, parameres with characteristic thumb-like processus. Key to the species of the genus Coridiellus 1. body dark brown, brownish black or black..................................................................... 2 - body light brown or reddish brown........................................................................... 4 2. scutellum with yellow apex (Fig. 13), paramere as in Fig. 14..................................... C. patruelis (Stål, 1853) - scutellum uniformly colored................................................................................. 3 3. fifth antennal segment yellow (Fig. 1), paramere as in Fig. 2................................ C. pseudocyclopeltus sp. nov. - fifth antennal segment the same color as the rest of antennal segments (Fig. 3), paramere as in Fig. 4................................................................. C. cyclopeltus (Distant, 1890) 4. pronotum uniformly colored................................................................................ 5 - anterior border of pronotum lighter than rest part of pronotum (Fig. 11), paramere as in Fig. 12.......................................................... C. mayumbensis (Schouteden, 1910) 5. Connexivum yellow (Fig. 9), paramere as in Fig. 10....................................... C. lenoiri (Schouteden, 1909) - conexivum red........................................................................................... 6 6. head black, legs brown (Fig. 5), paramere as in Fig. 6........................................ C. bechynei (Villiers, 1956) - head as the rest of body (Fig. 7), paramere as in Fig. 8....................................... C. figlinus (Distant, 1900)

The Indomalayan genus Sagriva Spinola, 1850 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae: Dinidorinae) is revised. The identity of its single previously valid species, S. vittata Spinola, 1850, is clarified based on the relevant type material, the species is diagnosed, illustrated, and recorded for the first time from Thailand and Laos. A new species, Sagriva banna sp. nov., is described from Yunnan Province of China and Yen Bai Province of Vietnam.

First country records are provided for two species of the Afrotropical genus Coridiellus J.A. Lis, 1990, i.e. C. bechynei (Villiers, 1956) [Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe] and C. lenoiri (Schouteden, 1909) [Zambia]. Their parameres are illustrated for the first time.

A recent cataloguing of the Heteroptera (Hemiptera) types held in the collection of National Museum, Prague (NMPC), revealed several specimens originating from the collection of Czech collectors Emil Holub and Ladislav Duda, being part of the same series as types described by Géza Horváth in his paper ‘Hemiptera nova africana’ and until now believed to be deposited exclusively in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (HNHM). The publication date of that paper is fixed as March 20, 1893, affecting these taxa: Reduviidae: Coranopsis Horváth, 1893, Coranopsis vittata Horváth, 1893, Cosmolestes fulvus Horváth, 1893, Edocla albipennis Horváth, 1893, Harpactor (Diphymus) dudae Horváth, 1893, Oncocephalus angustatus Horváth, 1893, Phonoctonus validus Horváth, 1893, Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893, Staccia inermis Horváth, 1893; Blissidae: Ischnocoridea Horváth, 1893, Ischnocoridea elegans Horváth, 1893; Rhyparochromidae: Aphanus (Graptopeltus) dilutus Horváth, 1893 [= Naphiellus dilutus (Horváth, 1893)], Pamera bergrothi Horváth, 1893 [= Horridipamera bergrothi (Horváth, 1893)]; Coreidae: Homoeocerus fuscicornis Horváth, 1893, Hypselonotus balteatus Horváth, 1893 [= Hypselonotus interruptus Hahn, 1833]; Plataspidae: Niamia Horváth, 1893, Niamia angulosa Horváth, 1893; Scutelleridae: Cantao africanus Horváth, 1893, Cryptacrus princeps Horváth, 1893 [= Cryptacrus comes comes (Fabricius, 1803)], Polytodes Horváth, 1893 [= Polytes Stål, 1867], Polytodes ochraceus Horváth, 1893 [= Polytes tigrinus (Vollenhoven, 1868)]; Dinidoridae: Dinidor vicarius Horváth, 1893; Pentatomidae: Caura modesta Horváth, 1893, Diploxys (Paracoponia) holubi Horváth, 1893 [= Coponia holubi (Horváth, 1893)], Paracoponia Horváth, 1893 [= Coponia Stål, 1865], Mecosoma spinosum Horváth, 1893 [= Macrorhaphis acuta Dallas, 1851], Menida distanti Horváth, 1893 [= Menida transversa transversa (Signoret, 1861)], and Stollia crucifera Horváth, 1893. Only the following type specimens bearing Horváth’s original type label and deposited in HNHM are recognized and their status elucidated: Coranopsis vittata (1 syntype), Cosmolestes fulvus (holotype), Edocla albipennis (holotype), Harpactor (Diphymus) dudae (1 syntype), Oncocephalus angustatus (1 syntype), Reduvius reuteri (1 syntype), Homoeocerus fuscicornis (1 syntype), Hypselonotus balteatus (1 syntype), Niamia angulosa (1 syntype), Cryptacrus princeps (1 syntype), Polytodes ochraceus (holotype), Dinidor vicarius (holotype), Caura modesta (lectotype), Diploxys (Paracoponia) holubi (lectotype), and Menida distanti (1 syntype). The syntype(s) of Cantao africanus and holotype of Stollia crucifera could not be located; a specimen in NMPC presumably from the same series is designated here as neotype of Stollia crucifera. Based on the examination of the type material the following subjective synonymies are proposed: Neotrichedocla quadrisignata (Stål, 1855) = Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893, confirmed synonymy; Dinidor impicticollis Stål, 1870 = D. vicarius Horváth, 1893, syn. nov.; Parantestia (Chromantestia) cincticollis (Schaum, 1853) = Parantestia (Chromantestia) modesta (Horváth, 1893), syn. nov. = Parantestia (Chromantestia) cincticollis var. bergrothiana Kirkaldy, 1909, syn. nov.; Cosmopepla cruciaria Stål, 1872 = Stollia crucifera Horváth, 1893, syn. nov. Rhynocoris katangensis Schouteden, 1929 (Reduviidae), erroneously considered as junior synonym of Rhynocoris dudae by MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990), must be considered valid species. Type locality of the species described based on material collected by Emil Holub is discussed. New records are provided for Edocla albipennis (Namibia), Homoeocerus fuscicornis (Angola) and Parantestia cincticollis (Republic of the Congo).

Dinorhynchus dybowskyi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) is used as a biological control agent against various insect pests for its predatory. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the species was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology. The results showed that the mitogenome is 15,952 bp long, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a control region. Furthermore, the gene order and orientation of this mitogenome are identical to those of most heteropterans. There are 21 intergenic spacers (of length 1–28 bp) and 13 overlapping regions (of length 1–23 bp) throughout the genome. The control region is 1,291 bp long. The start codon of the PCGs is ATN, except cox1 (TTG), and stop codon is TAA, except nad1 (TAG). The 22 tRNAs exhibit a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except trnS1, which lacks a dihydrouridine (DHU) arm and trnV, where the DHU arm forms a simple loop. The analyses based on nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs by Bayesian Inference and maximum likelihood methods. The results support the monophyly of five superfamilies Aradoidea, Pentatomoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea, Lygaeoidea, and Coreoidea. Within Pentatomoidea, the relationship observed is as follows: (Plataspidae + Urostylididae) + (Pentatomidae + (Acanthosomatidae + (Cydnidae + (Scutelleridae + (Dinidoridae + Tessaratomidae))))), and D. dybowskyi was placed in Pentatomidae and close to Eurydema gebleri.

Tongorma latreillii (Guérin-Méneville) Published record: Schumacher (1913)., Published as part of Krüger, Andreas & Deckert, Jürgen, 2016, True bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of Botswana — Bibliographical inventory and new records, pp. 33-63 in Zootaxa 4114 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/256012, {"references":["Schumacher, F. (1913) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Rhynchoten-Fauna Sudafrikas, insbesondere von Deutsch-Sudwestafrika, Klein-Namaland und den Kalaharigebiet, auf Grund der Expeditionsergebnisse von Herrn Professor L. Schultze und dem Material des Konigl. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1903 - 1905 mit Unterstutzung der Kgl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Funfter Band. Systematik, Tiergeographie und Anthropologie. Denkschriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Jena, 17 (2), pp. 47 - 88."]}

Coridius viduatus (Fabricius) Published record: Schumacher (1913) Unpublished record: [11], 18.xii. 2014, 3♀, coll. AK., Published as part of Krüger, Andreas & Deckert, Jürgen, 2016, True bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of Botswana — Bibliographical inventory and new records, pp. 33-63 in Zootaxa 4114 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/256012, {"references":["Schumacher, F. (1913) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Rhynchoten-Fauna Sudafrikas, insbesondere von Deutsch-Sudwestafrika, Klein-Namaland und den Kalaharigebiet, auf Grund der Expeditionsergebnisse von Herrn Professor L. Schultze und dem Material des Konigl. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1903 - 1905 mit Unterstutzung der Kgl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Funfter Band. Systematik, Tiergeographie und Anthropologie. Denkschriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Jena, 17 (2), pp. 47 - 88."]}

Coridius nubilus (Westwood) Published record: Kirkaldy (1909), Schumacher (1913) Unpublished records: [16], 12.i. 2015, 1♂, coll. AK; [19], 11.iii. 1993, 1♀, leg. Deckert, coll. ZMHB; Francistown, 20.xii. 1955, 1♂, leg. Zumpt, P. Kment det., coll. MMBC., Published as part of Krüger, Andreas & Deckert, Jürgen, 2016, True bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of Botswana — Bibliographical inventory and new records, pp. 33-63 in Zootaxa 4114 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/256012, {"references":["Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, list of food plants and parasites, etc. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, XI + 392 pp.","Schumacher, F. (1913) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Rhynchoten-Fauna Sudafrikas, insbesondere von Deutsch-Sudwestafrika, Klein-Namaland und den Kalaharigebiet, auf Grund der Expeditionsergebnisse von Herrn Professor L. Schultze und dem Material des Konigl. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1903 - 1905 mit Unterstutzung der Kgl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Funfter Band. Systematik, Tiergeographie und Anthropologie. Denkschriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Jena, 17 (2), pp. 47 - 88."]}

Black watermelon bug, Coridius viduatus (F.) (Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) is one of the most important pest of watermelon in many of African countries. This species is known to be present in Turkey. Although several studies on this species have been done in countries where it is present, it was not sufficiently studied in Turkey. This pest was observed first time on squirting cucumber [Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard (Cucurbitaceae)] in Hatay province in 2004. This plant species is the natural host of several viruses creates significant problems in cucurbit plants in the Mediterranean basin. The studies were conducted in both laboratoryand natural conditions in 2007 and 2008. Biological stages of the pest was investigated and determined. Furthermore, damage of the pest on four different cucurbit species [watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Matsum. and Nakai), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), squirting cucumber (E. elaterium) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stadl.)] was investigated. In these studies, it was observed that the pest was able to complete its life cycle when only squirting cucumber and watermelon were used as food sources.

O conhecimento de Pentatomoidea no Estado de São Paulo é aqui atualizado. São registradas 92 espécies em 89 gêneros pertencentes as famílias Acanthosomatidae, Canopidae, Cydnidae, Pentatomidae, Phloeidae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae e Thyreocoridae. Comparando com os dados apresentados na primeira edição do Biota SP em 1999, foram adicionadas 41 espécies além de 13 correções nomenclaturais e taxonômicas efetuadas. O Estado de São Paulo apresenta uma riqueza total ao redor de 25% das espécies conhecidas para o Brasil e ao redor de 3% da fauna mundial de Pentatomoidea. Com o incremento dos estudos em famílias pouco conhecidas no país, estes números certamente serão ampliados. Pentatomidae resultou no táxon mais numeroso no estado, com 80% de espécies registradas. Pentatomoidea knowledge in São Paulo state is here updated. Two hundred and two species in 92 genera belonging to Acanthosomatidae, Canopidae, Cydnidae, Pentatomidae, Phloeidae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae and Thyreocoridae are registered. Forty one species were added and 13 taxonomical and nomenclatorial corrections were made comparing with the data presented in the first edition of the Biota SP in 1999. Pentatomoidea species richness of São Paulo state is around 25% of the species known to Brazil and around 3% of the world fauna. The increase of the studies in scarcely known families in Brazil will certainly raise these numbers. Pentatomidae was the most numerous taxon in São Paulo state, with 80% of the registered species.

Cyclopelta gibbosasp. nov., a new species of dinidorid bug is described from Thailand and compared with Cyclopelta obscura. It is the ninth Oriental species of the genus, and the fourth known species from Thailand. A key to all the Oriental species of the genus Cyclopelta is also provided. The type specimens are deposited with the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA, and the Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Poland.

The superfamily Pentatomoidea comprises about 7,000 species worldwide divided in 15 families and shows a remarkable diversity. In the Neotropical region, more than 1,900 species in 10 families are recorded. In this chapter, the knowledge about the families Acanthosomatidae, Canopidae, Dinidoridae, Megarididae, Phloeidae, and Tessaratomidae, which include 66 species in 28 genera in the region, is summarized. Although representing less diverse lineages within the superfamily Pentatomoidea, studies about these families will be fundamental to understand the evolution and natural history of the true bugs in the Neotropical region. Some of them are endemic to the Neotropics (i.e., Canopidae and Megarididae) or have relict distribution (i.e., Acanthosomatidae, Phloeidae, and Tessaratomidae). Characteristics like cryptic coloration (Phloeidae) and maternal care behavior (Acanthosomatidae) make these bugs good models for evolutionary and ecological studies. However, little information is available for most of the species. Identification keys for all families of Pentatomoidea found in the Neotropics as well as characterization of all families and genera treated in this chapter are provided.

Coridius viduatus (Fabricius, 1794) Cimex viduatus Fabricius, 1794: 117; Pentatoma nigroviolacea Palisot de Beauvois, 1807: 83; Aspongopus unicolor Herrich- Schaeffer, 1839: 93; Aspongopus melanopterus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1844: 78; Aspongopus niger Fieber, 1861: 330; Aspongopus japetus Distant, 1889: 387; Aspongopus assar Kirkaldy, 1899: 47. Distribution in Iran. Hormozgan (Hoberlandt 1955, 1997; Safavi 1959), Khuzestan (Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997 b), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008), Sistan & Baluchestan (Hoberlandt 1955, 1997; Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997 b), Northern and Northwestern Iran (no locality cited) (Safavi 1976; Modarres Awal 1997 b; Derjanschi & Péricart 2005; Lis 2006 b). General distribution. Eastern Mediterranean basin, Egypt (Sinai), Lybia, Near East, Arabian Peninsula, Ethiopian Africa including, Oman. Host plants. On melon and other truck crops (Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997 b), Citrullus vulgaris (Cucurbitaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008), and destroys the cultures of watermelons, cucumbers, marrows (Derjanschi & Péricart 2005)., Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan, Moulet, Pierre & Rider, David A., 2014, An annotated catalog of the Iranian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 3837 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3837.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/286722, {"references":["Hoberlandt, L. (1955) Hemiptera - Heteroptera from Iran, I. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 29 [1954], 121 - 148.","Hoberlandt, L. (1997) Results of the Czechoslovak-Iranian entomological expeditions to Iran 1970, 1973 and 1977; Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 44 (1995), 181 - 293.","Safavi, M. (1959) Monographie des Hemipteres Heteropteres de l'Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 18, 31 - 40.","Farahbakhsh, Gh. (1961) Family Pentatomidae (Heteroptera), In: Farahbakhsh, Gh. (ed.). A checklist of economically important insects and other enemies of plants and agricultural products in Iran. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, Publication No. 1, pp. 25 - 28.","Modarres Awal, M. (1997 b) Family Pentatomidae (Heteroptera), pp. 76 - 81. In: Modarres Awal, M. (ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, 429 pp.","Safavi, M. (1976) Contribution a la connaissance des Hemipteres Heteropteres de l'Iran (IV). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 3 (1 & 2), 89 - 91. [in Persian, English summary]","Derjanschi, V. & Pericart, J. (2005) Hemipteres Pentatomoidea euro-mediterraneens. Vol. 1: Generalites. Systematique. Premiere Partie. Faune de France, 90. F. F. S. S. N. ed., Paris. 494 pp.","Lis, J. A (2006 b) Family Dinidoridae, In: Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Volume 5. Pentatomomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 228 - 232."]}

Ghahari, Hassan, Moulet, Pierre, Rider, David A. (2014): An annotated catalog of the Iranian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha). Zootaxa 3837 (1): 1-95, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3837.1.1

The spermathecae of eleven genera of the family Dinidoridae (Dinidorinae and Megymeninae) were studied. Four types of spermatheca morphology were observed. Possible use of the morphology of spermathecae in the taxonomy of Dinidoridae is discussed.

The Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of Argentina are catalogued. A total of 686 genera and 2030 species are listed together with their synonyms. References are given to the original descriptions and the subsequent taxonomic position, and the geographic distribution is included.

Afromenotes gen. nov. Type species. Afromenotes hirsuta sp. nov., by present designation. Diagnosis. The new genus is closely related to the Oriental genus Eumenotes, sharing a number of peculiar morphological characters (cf. also DURAI 1987, KOCOREK & LIS 2000): 1) Intersegmental sclerites between antennal segments almost invisible, hidden inside segments (Fig. 5). 2) Pronotum almost subquadrate, without collar-like structure behind head (Figs 1 –3, 6–7). 3) Evaporatorium very small. The evaporatorium is limited to the metapleuron in Afromenotes gen. nov. (Figs 12–14), but it extends to the posterior margin and lateral portion of mesopleuron in Eumenotes (see Figs 16–18). (An evaporatorium restricted to the metapleuron was erroneously reported for Eumenotes by DURAI (1987) and KOCOREK & LIS (2000)). 4) Spiracle on sternite II (¿rst visible abdominal segment) exposed, situated laterally (Figs 20 –23) (especially when compared with position of spiracles III–VII). 5) Anterior and posterior margin of hypopleurites (= outer laterotergites) and epipleurites (inner laterotergites) placed in line with margins of tergites. 6) Two-segmented tarsi. 7) Absence of tibial tympanal organs (cf. also LIS 2003). This character is shared with Dinidorinae and is most probably plesiomorphic within Dinidoridae. 8) Unpaired trichobothria (due to the waxy crust covering the body of Afromenotes gen. nov. we failed to determine the presence of trichobothria with certainty, though it seems that there are small trichobothria bearing tubercles present exactly in the same position like in Eumenotes). However, close comparison of both taxa revealed a number of differences substantiating erection of a new genus to accommodate the new African species, especially in the shape and structure of head, pronotum, scutellum, the external efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands, and pilosity. The distinguishing characters of both genera are presented in Table 2. Etymology. The generic name is composed of the pre¿x Afro -, referring to the African distribution of the new taxon, and the ending - menotes, derived from the name of the sister genus Eumenotes; the gender is feminine. Species included. Monotypic., Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kocorek, Anna, 2014, Afromenotes hirsuta, a new genus and species of Eumenotini from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae), pp. 109-131 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on pages 112-114, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5300161, {"references":["DURAI P. S. S. 1987: A revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects 21: 163 - 360.","KOCOREK A. & LIS J. A. 2000: A cladistic revision of the Megymeninae of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 69: 7 - 30.","LIS J. A. 2003: External morphology of the tympanal organs of Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 72: 297 - 304."]}

Eumenotes Westwood, 1846 Eumenotes Westwood, 1846: 67 (description). Type species: Eumenotes obscura Westwood, 1846, by monotypy. For correct date of publication see WHEELER (1912). Odonia Bergroth,1889: 733 (description). Type species: Aradus truncatus Walker, 1873, by monotypy.Synonymised by DISTANT (1903a: 476). Eumenotes: WESTWOOD (1847): 246 –247 (redescription); DALLAS (1851): 363 –364 (key to genera, catalogue); DOHRN (1859): 23 (list); VOLLENHOVEN (1868): 49 (redescription); WALKER (1868): 504 (collection catalogue); STÅL (1870): 89 (catalogue); STÅL (1871):645 (check-list); LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1893):240 (catalogue); KIRKALDY (1900): 240 (date and journal of original description, pagination of reprint); DISTANT (1903a): 476 (new synonym); DISTANT (1903b): 153, 155–156 (redescription, new synonym); DISTANT (1906): 417 (taxonomy, systematic placement); BERGROTH (1907): 498 –500 (redescription, systematic placement); BERGROTH (1908): 184 (catalogue); BANKS (1909): 564 –565, pl. II (morphology, teratology, habitus ¿gure, catalogue, distribution); KIRKALDY (1909): 344, 361 (catalogue, distribution); DISTANT (1910): 419 –420 (variability); SCHOUTEDEN (1913): 15 –16 (redescription, catalogue); MANNA (1951): 44 –46 (chromosomes); MILLER (1956):46, 50 (listed); TAKARA (1957): 35 (list); LESTON (1958b): 911, 916–917 (classi¿cation); STICHEL (1961): 725 (catalogue); STICHEL (1962): 205 (catalogue); HSIAO et al. (1977): 69, 72, pl. 9: ¿g. 131 (key to genera, redescription); NUAMAH (1982): 24 –25 (classi¿cation); DURAI (1987): 167, 169–170, 261–264, 356 (history of classi¿cation, phylogeny, key to genera, redescription, ¿gures, catalogue, distribution); DURAI (1988): 123 –131 (description of egg and larval instars 1–5, ¿gures, bionomics, host plant, habitat, distribution); LIS (1990): 139, 143 (catalogue, distribution); MIYAMOTO & YASUNAGA (1991): 183 (check-list); DURAI (1993a): 41 –48 (description of egg and larval instars 1–5, bionomics, host plant, habitat, distribution); ROLSTON et al. (1996):77 (catalogue); KOCOREK & LIS (2000): 8, 9, 14, 16–21 (diagnosis, phylogeny, taxonomy, key to genera, species identi¿cation, ¿gures, distribution); KOCOREK & DANIELCZOK- DEMSKA (2002): 94, 96, 98 (spermatheca, ¿gure, distribution); LIS et al. (2002): 167, 182–184 (pretarsal structures, ¿gures, distribution); LIS (2003): 298 –299 (absence of tympanal organ, distribution); LIS (2006): 231 (catalogue); GRAZIA et al. (2008): 3, 11, 13–15, 17, 23–25, 29–31 (morphology, phylogenetic analysis, classi¿cation); LIS et al. (2012): 61, 63, 65–66 (phylogeny). Eumenotus (incorrect subsequent spelling): ESAKI (1922): 196–198 (systematic placement, description of a new species); MIYAMOTO (1965): 229 (distribution)., Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kocorek, Anna, 2014, Afromenotes hirsuta, a new genus and species of Eumenotini from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae), pp. 109-131 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5300161, {"references":["WESTWOOD J. O. 1846: Descriptions of two new exotic Hemiptera in the cabinet of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 67 - 68 [also published in: Journal of Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1846: 115].","WHEELER G. 1912: On the dates of the publications of the Entomological Society of London. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 750 - 763.","BERGROTH E. 1889: Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XXII. Commentarius de Aradidis in Burma et Tenasserin a L. Fea collectis. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 27: 730 i 739.","WALKER F. 1873: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of British Museum. Part VII. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 213 pp.","DISTANT W. L. 1903 a: Rhynchotal notes. - XIX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7 12: 469 - 480.","WESTWOOD J. O. 1847: Descriptions of various exotic heteropterous Hemiptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 4: 243 - 249 + pl. 18.","DALLAS W. S. 1851: List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 1 - 368 + pls. 1 - 11.","DOHRN A. 1859: Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herrcke and Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp.","VOLLENHOVEN S. C. S. VAN 1868: Essai d'une faune entomologique de l'Archipel Indo-Neerlandais. Troisieme monographie: Famille des Pentatomides, 1 re partie. Martinus Nijhoff, La Haye, 49 pp + 4 pls.","WALKER F. 1868: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of British Museum. Part III. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 419 - 599.","STAL C. 1870: Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 9 (1): 1 - 232. [Enumeratio Dinidorum pp. 79 - 89].","STAL C. 1871: Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska oarnes Hemipter-fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 27 (7) (1870): 607 - 776 + pls. 7 - 9.","LETHIERRY L. & SEVERIN G. 1893: Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres. Pentatomidae. Musee royal d'hisloire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 286 pp.","KIRKALDY G. W. 1900: Bibliographical and nomenclatorial notes on the Hemiptera. No. 1. Entomologist (London) 33: 238 - 243.","DISTANT W. L. 1903 b: Rhynchota. - Vol. II. (Heteroptera). In: BLANFORD W. T. (ed.): The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 1 - 242.","DISTANT W. L. 1906: Oriental Heteroptera. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 50: 405 - 417.","BERGROTH. E. 1907: Uber die systematische Stellung de Gattung Eumenotes West. (Hem.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1907: 498 - 500.","BERGROTH E. 1908: Enumeratio Pentatomidarum post catalogum bruxellensem descriptarum. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 15: 181 - 200.","BANKS C. S. 1909: Rhynchota Palawanica. Part 1. Heteroptera. Philippine Journal of Science 4 (6): 553 i 593 + pls. IiII.","KIRKALDY G. W. 1909: Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Prefaced by a discussion on nomenclature and an analytical table of families. Vol. I: Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp.","DISTANT W. L. 1910: Australian Cicadidae with remarks on some recent disputation. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 54: 415 - 420.","SCHOUTEDEN H. 1913: Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Dinidorinae. In. WYTSMAN P. (ed.): Genera Insectorum. 153 me Fascicule. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, 19 pp + 2 pls.","MANNA G. K. 1951: A study of the chromosomes during meiosis in forty-three species of Indian Heteroptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Bengal 4: 1 - 116.","MILLER N. C. E. 1956: The biology of the Heteroptera. Leonard Hill [Books] Ltd., London, x + 162 pp.","TAKARA T. 1957: Provisional list of Hemiptera (Heteroptera) in the Ryukyu Islands. Science Bulletin of the Agriculture and Hime Economics Division, University of the Ryukyus 4: 11 - 90 + pls. I - II.","LESTON D. 1958 b: Chromosome number and the systematics of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera). Pp. 919 - 934. In: BECKER E. C. (ed.): Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Entomology. Vol. 2. Montreal, August 17 - 25, 1956.","STICHEL W. 1961: Heft 46. Pp. 721 - 736. In: STICHEL W. 1957 - 1962: Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa (Hemiptera-Heteroptera Europae). Volume 4. W. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, 838 pp.","STICHEL W. 1962: Verzeichnis der palaarktischen Hemiptera-Heteroptera. IV. Pentatomorpha (Coreoidea-Pentatomoidea). W. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, 360 pp.","HSIAO T. - Y., REN SH. - ZH., ZHENG L. - Y., JING H. - L., & LIU S. - L. 1977: (A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Vol. 1.) Science Press, Beijing, iii + 330 pp + 52 unpaginated plates (in Chinese, English summary).","NUAMAH K. A. 1982: Karyotypes of some Ghanaian shield-bugs and the higher systematics of the Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Insect Science and Application 3: 9 - 28.","DURAI P. S. S. 1987: A revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects 21: 163 - 360.","DURAI P. S. S. 1988: The life history of Eumenotes obscura Westwood (Pentatomoidea: Dinidoridae). Malaysian Agricultural Journal 54 (2): 123 - 132.","LIS J. A. 1990: New genera, new species, new records and checklist of the Old World Dinidoridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum - Entomology 1: 103 - 147.","DURAI P. S. S. 1993 a: The life history of Eumenotes obscura Westwood (Pentatomoidea: Dinidoridae). Malaysian Agricultural Journal 55 (1): 41 - 48. [Autoplagiate, identical to DURAI (1988) except of missing? gures, acknowledgements and references.]","ROLSTON L. H., RIDER D. A., MURRAY M. J. & AALBU R. L. 1996: Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the World. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 39: 22 - 101.","KOCOREK A. & LIS J. A. 2000: A cladistic revision of the Megymeninae of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 69: 7 - 30.","LIS J. A., JASTRZcBSKA M. & KOCOREK A. 2002: Comparative studies on the pretarsal structures in Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 71: 165 - 184.","LIS J. A. 2003: External morphology of the tympanal organs of Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 72: 297 - 304.","LIS J. A. 2006: Family Dinidoridae Stal, 1867. Pp. 228 - 232. In: AUKEMA B. & RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. The Netherland Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiii + 550.","GRAZIA J., SCHUH R. T. & WHEELER W. C. 2008: Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics 24: 1 - 45.","LIS J. A., LIS P., ZIAJA D. J. & KOCOREK A. 2012: Systematic position of Dinidoridae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 12 S and 16 S rDNA sequences. Zootaxa 3423: 61 - 68.","ESAKI T. 1922: Notes on the systematic position of the genus Eumenotus [sic!], with description of a new species (Hemiptera, Aradidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 10: 196 - 198.","MIYAMOTO S. 1965: Heteropterous insects of Formosa collected by Dr. Shirǀzu and others, 1961. Special Bulletin of the Lepidopterists' Society of Japan 1: 227 - 238."]}

Schwertner, Cristiano F., Grazia, Jocelia (2014): Dinidoridae, Megarididae e Tessaratomidae. In: Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos, vol. 3. Insue-Unt: 403-408, ISBN: 978-950-554-904-7, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3903685, {"references":["COBBEN, R.H. 1968. Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part I : Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embriology and eclosion. Wageningen, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, 475 pp.","DANIELCZOK, T. & A. KOCOREK. 2003. External morphology of four African species of Coridius Ill. (Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Dinidoridae). Pol. J. Entomol. 72: 63-73.","DURAI, P.S.S. 1987. A revision of the Dinidoridae of the world (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Ins. 21: 163- 360.","DZEREFOS, C.M., E.T.F. WITKOWSKI & R. TOMS. 2009. Life-history traits of the edible stinkbug, Encosternum delegorguei (Hem., Tessaratomidae), a traditional food in southern Africa. J. App. Entomol. 133: 749-759.","GAPUD, V. P. 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae, with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Parts. Iand II. Philipp. Entomol. 8(3): 865-961.","GOGALA, M., H.S. YONG & C. BRUHL. 1998. Maternal care in Pygoplatys bugs (Heteroptera: Tessaratomidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 95: 311-315.","GRAZIA, J. & C.F. SCHWERTNER. 2008. Pentatomidae e Cyrtocoridae. In: Claps, L.E., G. Debandi & S. Roig-Junent (dirs.), Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos.V. 2. Tucuman, Sociedad Entomologica Argentina. pp. 223- 234.","GRAZIA, J. & C.F. SCHWERTNER. 2014. Acanthosomatidae. In: Roig-Junent, S., L.E. Claps & J.J. Morrone (dirs.), Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos. V. 3. Tucuman, INSUE. UNT Ed. pp. 309-402.","GRAZIA, J., V.C. MATESCO & C.F. SCHWERTNER. 2014. Thyreocoridae, In: Roig-Junent, S., L.E. Claps & J.J. Morrone (dirs.), Biodiversidad de Artropodos Argentinos.V. 3. Tucuman, INSUE. UNT Ed. pp. 417-420.","GRAZIA, J., R.T. SCHUH & W.C. WHEELER. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics 24(6): 932-976.","GRAZIA, J., R.R. CAVICCHIOLI, V.R. dos S. WOLFF, J.A.M. FER- NANDES & D.A. TAKIYA. (2012). Hemiptera. In: Rafael, J.A., G.A.R. Melo, C.J.B. Carvalho & S. Casari (orgs.), Os Insetos do Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia. pp. 347-405.","KMENT, P. & J. VILIMOVA. 2010. Thoracic scent efferent system of the Tessaratomidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with implication to the phylogeny of the family. Zootaxa 2363: 1-59.","KOCOREK, A. & J.A. LIS. 2000. A cladistic revision of the Megymeninae of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Pol. Pis. Entomol. 69(1): 7-30.","KORMILEV, N.A. 1954. Una familia nueva para la fauna Argentina (Hemiptera, Megaridae) An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 57: 47-54.","KORMILEV, N.A. 1956. Notas sobre Pentatomoidea neotropicales IV (Hemiptera). Acta Cient. Instit. Investig. San Miguel 3: 1-13.","KUMAR, R. 1969. Morphology and relationships of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera). IV. Oncomerinae (Tessaratomidae). Aust. J. Zool. 17: 553-606.","MAES, J.M. 1994. Catalogo de los Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera) de Nicaragua. Rev. Nica. Entomol. 28: 1-29.","MAGNIEN, P., K. SMETS, D. PLUOT-SIGWALT & J. CONSTANT. 2008. A new species of Pygoplatis Dallas (Heteroptera, Tessaratomidae) from the Damar agroforests in Sumatra: description, immatures and biology. Nouv. Rev. Entomol. (N.S.) 24(2): 99-112.","MALIPATIL, M.B. & R. KUMAR. 1975. Biology and immature stages of some Queensland Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 14: 113-128.","McATEE, W.L. & J.R. MALLOCH 1928. Sinopsis of pentatomid bugs of the subfamilies Megaridinae and Canopinae. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 72(25): 1-21.","McDONALD, F.J.D. 1969. Life cycle of the bronze orange bug Musgraveia sulciventris (Stal) (Hemiptera: Tessarato- midae). Austr. J. Zool. 17: 817-820.","McDONALD, F.J.D. 1979.A new species of Megaris and the status of the Megarididae McAtee & Malloch and Canopidae Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea). J. New York Entomol. Soc. 87(1): 42-54.","MONTEITH, G.B. 2006. Maternal care in Australian oncomerine shield bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Tessaratomidae). Denisia 19: 1135-1152.","PIRAN, A.A. 1948. Contribucion al conocimiento de la dispersion geografica de los Hemipteros Neotropicales. Acta Zool. Lilloana 5: 5-17.","PIRAN, A.A. 1962. Hemiptera neotropica V. Notas sobre sistematica y zoogeografia de Pentatomidae. Acta Zool. Lilloana 18: 5-10.","PIRAN, A.A. 1971. La familia Tessaratomidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) en la region neotropical. Acta Zool. Lilloana 26: 197-208.","ROLSTON, L.H., R.L. AALBU, M.J MURRAY & D.A. RIDER. 1993. Acatalogue of the Tessaratomidae of the world. Papua New Guinea J. Agric. Forest. Fish. 36(2): 36-108.","ROLSTON, L.H., D.A. RIDER, M.J. MURRAY & R.L. AALBU. 1996. Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the World. Papua New Guinea Jl Agric. Forest. Fish. 39: 22-101.","SCHAEFER, C.W. & I. AHMAD. 1987. The food plants of four pentatomoid families (Hemiptera: Acanthosomati- dae, Tessaratomidae, Urostylidae, and Dinidoridae). Phytophaga 1: 21-34.","SCHAEFER,C.W.,A.R. PANIZZI & D.G. JAMES. 2000. Several small pentatomoid families (Cyrtocoridae, Dinidoridae, Eurostylidae, Plataspidae, and Tessaratomidae), In: Schaefer, C.W. & A.R. Panizzi (eds.), Heteroptera of economic importance. Boca Raton, CRC press. pp. 505-512.","SCHUH, R.T. & C. SLATER. 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, xiii + 337 pp.","SOUTHWOOD, T.R.E. 1956. The structure of the eggs of the terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 108: 163-221."]}

Fossil insects were examined from the Early Eocene lacustrine shale at Quilchena, British Columbia. Insects of 10 orders (Blattodea, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Mecoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera) were identified, bringing the known number at this site to 11. These were placed in 26 families, 22 of which are new occurrences for this locality. Specimens include early occurrences of bees and ants. Three fossils of leaves with galls were examined. Thirteen of the families are new to British Columbia, and 9 of these (Blaberidae, Haglidae, Cixiidae, Dinidoridae, Cydnidae, Staphylinidae, Panorpidae, Pipunculidae, Halictidae) are new to the region of the Okanagan Highlands. A number of taxa are earliest known occurrences. Several insects in this fauna are larger than their modern relatives and some are larger than their relatives from other Eocene locales. The presence of insects including March flies, diplopterine cockroaches, dinidorid bugs, and seed weevils confirm and perhaps exceed paleobotanical indications that in the Eocene, British Columbia was much warmer than it is today.

Megymenum distanti, new species (Figs. 1���9) Diagnosis. The new species is similar to M. affine BOISDUVAL and M. brevicorne (FABRICIUS) in its body outline and sculpture; nevertheless, it can easily be separated from both of these species by the characters given in the Table 1. Description. Body dark brown with metallic tinge and light brown membrane, elongate, abdomen slightly broader than pronotum (Fig. 1). Head punctured; paraclypei deeply concave and much longer than clypeus; preocular part swollen with small sharp process in female; eyes rounded, protruding and pedunculate, light-brown, ocelli of the same color, interocellar distance 1,8���2,1; antennae 4 -segmented, 1 st segment short, not reaching apex of head, 2 nd long and broad, 3 rd flattened and broadened, 4 th spindle-shaped; rostrum same color as rest of body, reaching mid-coxae, its 1 st segment extending beyond base of head, bucculae lobed, buccular surface convex and rugose, almost of the same color as head. Pronotum generally of same color as head, with numerous fine ridges, and punctures on anterior border which is drawn forwards to form a small collar-like structure behind base of head, bearing small but sharp spines in female; antero-lateral margins rounded without processes, antero-median tuberosity large and conspicuous; lateral pronotal margins irregularly rugged with a single pointed projection; posterior pronotal angles broadly rounded; posterior pronotal margin straight at base of scutellum. tanti new species. Meso- and metasternum with a deep median groove; scent gland spout large and conspicuous, evaporatoria wrinkled. Scutellum with punctures dispersed over its entire surface; prominent cavity-like depressions at basal angles. Corium shorter than scutellum, membrane shorter than abdomen, cream-colored, with brownish patches. Legs uniformly colored, under-surface of femora with ten small spines (more or less distinct) arranged in two rows with distal spines progressively robust or strong, hind tibia of female slightly dilated. Abdominal sterna of same color as remaining parts of body, sparsely punctured; lateral parts of sterna uncovered by hemelytra, well conspicuous; each sternum laterally with small posteriorly directed apical projection and very small median lobe. Male genital capsule with median swollen process on its ventral rim; paramere with small and triangular growth; anterior part of ejaculatory reservoir strongly coiled. Female 9 th paratergite similar to that of M. affine and M. brevicorne, 1 st valvifers with distinct median elevation. Spermathecal bulb small, pumping region well defined, distal and proximal flanges distinct, spermathecal duct membranous, forming folding sack-like structure with minute spines, ring sclerite present. Measurements (in mm). Male: total body length 13.0; abdominal width 7.1; head length 2.3; head width 2.5; interocelar distance 1.8; antennal segments: I 0.7, II 1.6, III 1.3, IV 1.1; pronotal length 3.8; pronotal width 6.4; scutellum length 3.6; width 3.5. Female: total body length 13.9; abdominal width 8.9; head length 2.4; head width 2.7; interocelar distance 2.1; antennal segments: I 0.8, II 1.7, III 1.4, IV 1.1; pronotal length 4.0; pronotal width 7.0; scutellum length 3.9; width 3.9. Type material. Holotype male: India, Pune, August 2010, coll. H.V. Ghate & Sanket Tembe, preserved in the collection of University of Opole at Department of Biosystematics; Paratype female: India, Pune, August 2010, coll. H.V. Ghate & Sanket Tembe, preserved in the collection of Modern College, Pune; an additional pair of male and female paratypes, coll H.V. Ghate (September 2010, same locality), also preserved in the collection of Modern College. Etymology. The species name is dedicated to W.L. Distant, the eminent British entomologist and the author of the Hemiptera volumes in the monumental Fauna of British India series, as well as for many other papers on Hemiptera. Notes on biology. The new species was collected from Pune in August-September 2010 as adults (Fig. 2) and as instars (Fig. 3) on the host plant Diplocyclos palmatus (Cucurbitaceae) (Fig. 4). This climber grows at several places along the roadside on the campus of the University of Pune. The adults as well as nymphs were found to feed exclusively on tender shoots. Mating pairs as well as all stages of nymphs also fed on the same plant, and not on other plants that grow profusely near the side of its host plant. Neither nymphs nor adults smell strongly or release copious secretions when handled., Published as part of Kocorek, Anna & Ghate, Hemant, 2012, Megymenum distanti, a new remarkable species of the Dinidoridae subfamily Megymeninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) from India, pp. 31-39 in Zootaxa 3218 on pages 31-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210830