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Mo doping effectively changed the reaction mechanism and surface acidity of CrCeOx catalysts from E–R to L–H, enhancing the sulfur resistance and N2 selectivity.

BACKGROUND: Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH₃‐SCR) is an effective method for the nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) removal. This study aimed to develop a highly efficient NH₃‐SCR catalyst using the naturally available Montmonrillonite (Mt) clay as the catalyst support. RESULTS: Mt was processed into PILC by Al/Zr intercalations, impregnated with MnCe mixed active components and loaded with transition metals to achieve X‐AlZr‐PILC‐MnCe (X = V, W, Co or Mo) catalysts. The optimized Mo‐AlZr‐PILC‐MnCe showed the best NH₃‐SCR performance with a NO conversion rate of nearly 100% in the temperature range of 240–300 °C, and N₂ selectivity of above 85% in the range of 140–300 °C. CONCLUSIONS: The catalysts were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, XPS, H₂‐TPR, NH₃‐TPD to define the relationships between structure, chemical properties and catalytic activity. The enhanced catalytic performance of Mo‐AlZr‐PILC‐MnCe was mainly owing to the increased acidity and better redox ability. In situ DRIFT studies indicated the deposition of Mo changed the reaction from the E‐R to the L‐H mechanism. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Co-removal of toluene in NH

Herein a novel coupling process of simultaneous catalytic ozonation and photocatalysis (SCOP) using a bifunctional catalyst for the antibiotics wastewater treatment was developed. MgMnO3, as the first example of bifunctional catalyst, was successfully prepared by a simple sol-gel method. In the MgMnO3-mediated SCOP process, the TOC removal of sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim within 80 min reached 94.7 ± 0.9%, 88.4 ± 0.9%, 97.8 ± 1.0%, and 76.3 ± 0.9%, respectively, much higher than that in ozonation or photocatalysis (less than 20%). The first order kinetics reaction constant of TOC removal in the case of tetracycline degradation by SCOP is 2.58 × 10−2 min−1, which is 2.7, 23.0, and 6.2 times that by catalytic ozonation, photocatalysis, and photo ozonation, respectively. ESR spectra show that much more ·OH radicals are generated in SCOP than the sum in photocatalysis and catalytic ozonation processes, indicating the synergism between two processes and explaining the high mineralization efficiency in SCOP. Finally, eight intermediates were identified by LC-MS analysis and the initial degradation pathway of tetracycline in SCOP was proposed. Excellent treatment efficiency, high ozonation utilization (>93%) and low energy consumption (14.9 KJ/mg TOC) suggest that SCOP is a promising choice for antibiotics-containing wastewater treatment.

The spherical and hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized with the function of organofunctionalized silica and organic additive. The obtained materials were prepared with nanocrystalline stacking and also its hierarchical meso-microporous architectures were explained by the modern analysis methods including X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis and N2 adsorption/desorption. It found that the size of nanocrystals and surface topography for ZSM-5 was influenced by both the organofunctionalized silica and the organic additive. Moreover, the abundant mesoporous volumes including intercrystalline and intracrystalline mesopores for zeolitic nanocrystals and the mesoporous pore diameter could be controlled by the degrees of silanization for silica. Moreover, the evaluation on the performance of ad/desorption and cyclic application in toluene for the ZSM-5 zeolites further revealed its high adsorption ability (the highest adsorption amounts was 57.9621 mg/g) and excellent cyclic performance because of its lower steric limitations and higher diffusion rate for the organic molecules, especially the large molecule. More importantly, the exploration of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis for the hierarchical ZSM-5 directly explained the existence of organosilane phenylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane and organic additives in the zeolitic nanocrystals. Based on the above exploration, the crystallization mechanism of ZSM-5 was put forward, which was significant to design and synthesize the hierarchical zeolites.

Toluene and NOx can be co-removed in NH3-SCR unit. The evaluation of toluene oxidation performance with the participation of SCR reactants is momentous but lacking. Herein, a MnCe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared to investigate the effects of NO and NH3 on toluene oxidation. The addition of NO and NH3 increased the toluene conversion from 76.6% to 91.8%, but decreased the CO2 selectivity from 60.5% to 34.1% at 250 °C, indicating that more carbon was transferred into the byproducts. NO and NH3 participated in toluene oxidation by reacting with intermediates, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids or phenol, to form nitriles or nitrobenzene. Most of nitriles and nitrobenzene were in solid byproducts, which deposited on catalyst surface and deactivated the catalyst. SCR reactants accelerated the decrease of Mn4+, Ce3+, Osur proportions and Lewis acid sites, which were the active constituents for toluene oxidation. As a consequence, a faster deactivation occurred. NO was competitively adsorbed on catalyst with toluene, but promoted toluene oxidation. On the contrary, NH3 enhanced toluene adsorption, but inhibited toluene oxidation. The in-situ DRIFTs results showed that NO and NH3 inhibited the deep oxidation of toluene based on the observation of less water, carboxylate and carbonate.

In this paper, a new method of split, partial oxidation and mixed absorption for the synergistic removal of SO2, NOx, and Hg0 is proposed. Factors that affect the multipollutant removal, such as the flue gas split ratio, NaClO2 concentration, initial pH and temperature of NaClO2 solution in the oxidation reactor, SO2, NO, O2, and CO2 concentrations, gas flow rate, and species of alkali absorbent in the absorption reactor are investigated, with a special focus on NOx removal. Results show that SO2 and Hg0 are removed quite efficiently and are slightly affected by reaction conditions, whereas NOx removal is seriously affected by the above factors, except for O2 and CO2 concentrations. Under the best experimental conditions, the average removal efficiencies of SO2, NOx, and Hg0 reach more than 99, 82, and 95%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mechanism of multipollutant removal is deduced based on related literature, experimental phenomena, and reaction products. The novel process has enormous potential in the r...

Co-removal of toluene in NH3-SCR unit over Mn based catalysts is desirable but still faces the big challenge of byproduct greenhouse gas N2O. In this work, the impacts of toluene on N2O formation mechanism was studied. The main N2O formation pathways in NH3-SCR over Mn-Fe spinel were NH3 oxidation and non-catalytic selective reduction (NSCR), in which NSCR dominated below 250 °C. The N2O from NSCR through both Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms was confirmed. And the E-R mechanism was dominant at 200 °C. Toluene was effectively co-removed with NOx with the advantage of N2O inhibition. Toluene suppressed N2O generation from both NH3 oxidation and NSCR. NH3 oxidation by gaseous O2 and catalyst surface oxygen was all limited by toluene, resulting in less adsorbed NH that was further proved by the larger energy barriers of NH3*→NH2* and NH2*→NH* on toluene pre-adsorbed catalyst surface. NO oxidation was also limited, suppressing the generation of adsorbed NO3−. Due to the inhibition of NH3 and NO activation to key intermediates NH and NO3−, respectively, the N2O generation from E-R route was slightly decreased in the presence of toluene, while that from L-H route was completely prohibited at 200 °C.

Increasing attentions have been drawn towards the simultaneous removal of toluene in current existing NH3-SCR unit. The development of dual-functional catalysts and the understanding of impact induced by toluene addition are momentous but lacking. Herein, a well-reported MnOx-CeO2 catalyst was chosen as active phase to assess the role of HZSM-5 in this simultaneous removal process. HZSM-5 was found to supply more acid sites especially Lewis acid on the MnOx-CeO2 catalyst. A MnCe/HZSM-5 catalyst with a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 25 delivered a broad active temperature window of 200–400 °C with NO conversion > 80% and possessed a stable N2 selectivity > 96% in NH3-SCR reaction. Also, it was able to maintain above 60% of toluene conversion in the range of 200–400 °C. More Lewis acid sites, together with abundant Mn4+, Ce3+ and active surface oxygen that formed via the interaction between Mn4+/Mn3+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ (Mn3+ + Ce4+ ↔ Mn4+ + Ce3+), contributed to the superior catalytic performance of MnCe/HZSM-5 with lower SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. A reversible catalyst deactivation in NH3-SCR induced by toluene was found. Toluene was prone to reacting with NH3 forming nitriles, which infringed the active sites and decreased the available coordinated NH3 on Lewis acid sites. In addition, the suppression of NO oxidation to NO2 that decreasing the percentage of “fast SCR” process, and the inhibition of NH3 activation to NH2 species also contributed to the lower SCR activity in the presence of toluene over MnCe/HZSM-5.

Grey Fe doped CeO2-σ with tunable surface and bulk oxygen vacancies (OVs) were facilely prepared by a hydrothermal method. The light absorption, charge transfer efficiency, and catalytic activity and mechanism closely depended on the OVs. By tailoring the surface and bulk OVs, the catalytic activity of grey ceria was boosted due to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (i.e. OH, surface O). Density functional theory calculations show that the OVs, especially the bulk OVs, modulate the electronic structure for narrowing the bandgap and accelerating the charge transfer. Meanwhile, the surface OVs more promote the adsorption of ozone and the bulk OVs more induces the dissociation of ozone into reactive surface O. The calculation results agree well with the experimental observations. This study provides a simple method for engineering the surface and bulk OVs of ceria and gains insight into their roles in photocatalytic ozonation.

At present, due to China’s electronic waste treatment technology is not mature enough. In the market, a large number of electronic wastes into the household dismantling workshop and through simple, inefficient, extensive way to recycle. After the extraction of valuable resources, the remaining toxic and harmful substances are discharged at will, resulting in a high level of toxic and harmful pollutants in the air of the region. The deposition of harmful and harmful pollutants in the air also further leads to the deterioration of the local soil, water and other ecological environment, threatening the health and survival of local residents. The paper takes the exhaust gas from electronic waste dismantling process based on family workshop of Guiyu town as the experimental object. Water absorption and activated carbon adsorption were applied to treat exhaust gas. And the ferreite precipitation was used to treat the recirculated wastewater after spray system. The experiment results indicate that the lead cadmium, tin and its compounds and benzene series could be removed above 95% after water absorption and active carbon adsorption. The lead, cadmium and copper in recirculated wastewater respectively could be removed 96.69%, 79.76% and 90.82% after ferrite precipitation process.

The Odor pollution problem in the feed industry was particularly prominent, which restricts the development of the industry and threatens the “vegetable basket” livelihood project. The air pollutant emission of feed processing enterprises were investigated in Pearl River Delta and its surrounding areas, find out the peculiar odor pollutants in feed industry through analysis and monitoring. With the characteristics of many kinds of odor pollutants and low threshold in feed industry, high efficient adsorbent was developed to explore the influence of adsorbent concentration, residence time, temperature and space velocity on the purification efficiency of odor gas, so as to achieve more efficient coordination of odor VOCs pollutants. In this study, a highly effective SCOP adsorbent was developed, and the removal rate of the main odor pollutants was more than 90%. It provides technical support for air pollution control and government environmental management of feed industry.

A series of Cu/TiO2 catalysts was successfully synthesized by ice melting method for the first time, and their performance for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 was evaluated. The catalyst with Cu/Ti molar ratio of 0.005 exhibited excellent catalytic performance at low temperature. Compared with the traditional co-precipitation method (Cu0.005Ti-Con), the NOx conversion (at 285 °C) and N2 selectivity (at 240 °C) of Cu/TiO2 synthesized by ice melting (named as Cu0.005Ti-Ice) increased by 30 % and 10 %, respectively. Characterization results revealed that Cu0.005Ti-Ice exhibited outstanding physicochemical properties, including smaller grain size of particles, the well dispersion and high surface atomic concentration of Cu species, enrichment of Cu2+ species (34.54 %) and chemical absorbed oxygen species (19.96 %), and excellent redox capacity and acidity. These conditions provided the CuTi-Ice catalysts with enhanced deNOx performance at low temperature. Additionally, the inhibition of the non-selective catalytic reduction and NH3 catalytic oxidation on Cu0.005Ti-Ice catalysts reduced N2O and NO2 concentration, resulting in outstanding SCR activity at low temperature.

Electrochemical water treatment technology can effectively prevent the formation of scales. In this paper, the electrochemical workstation is used to explore the process of cathode scale formation and its influencing factors under different conditions. The results show that the electrochemical scale inhibition can effectively remove Ca2 + and Mg2 + in water. When it comes to scale inhibition, and it provides theoretical analysis and experimental basis for solving the scaling problem of the external cold spray water of the high-voltage DC valve cooling system.

The coating process is the main source of VOCs emissions in the aluminium profile industry. The electrophoretic coating process is a surface processing method widely used by aluminium profile companies. However, the electrophoretic coating process generates a large amount of exhaust gas, and the main component of the exhaust gas is VOCs. This paper combined with the monitoring of the exhaust gas treatment project of an electrophoresis coating workshop of a large aluminium profile company, and found that the main component is xylene. The exhaust gas treatment process uses “activated carbon adsorption + spray absorption” and more than 97% of emissions could be achieved.

Toluene is one of typical volatile organic compounds. It is seriously threats the environment and human health for its large evaporation rate and toxicity at room temperature. Human beings are gradually realizing its hazard and paying high attention to the pollution control technology. Adsorption technology is one of the effective methods for toluene abatement.MCM-41(ordered mesoporous materials) molecular sieve as the typical representative of M41S mesoporous materials is widely used in various areas of production and life for the regular pore structure, selective absorption performance, uniform pore size distribution, high specific surface area and excellent stability. This article mainly prepared different MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves by adjusting different conditions and applied it in the adsorption properties of toluene. The results of toluene static adsorption effect of the two molecular sieves under different conditions indicated that the molecular sieve A using CTAB as template has higher absorption performance than molecular sieve B using TTAB as template under the same circumstances. The optimal conditions of molecular sieve A in toluene absorption performance are concluded as the pH is 11.7, calcination temperature is 550℃, calcination time is 8h and absorption time is 24h.Under the optimal conditions, the static adsorption capacity of toluene of the molecular sieve using CTAB as template is between 60.5% and 67.84%.

The raw montmorillonite which was supplied by Shandong Shouguang Fine Montmorillonite Co.Ltd, A wet modification was used to calcium montmorillonite change Sodium montmorillonite by ion exchange. Ferrosilicon pillars agent with different concentration were preparaed by copolymerization method. Ion exchange method to take Na-montmorillonite ferrosilicon pillared montmorillonite. Simulated wastewater with 25mg/L in the Cr (VI) adsorption by ferrosilicon pillared montmorillonite at adsorbent concentration. and the effects of temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time and dosage of different columns of ferrosilicon pillared montmorillonite on Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency were-investigated.

BACKGROUND It is of great interest to use pillared clay (PILC) as a cheap support for a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Al-Cr pillared clay (AlCr-PILC) has high thermal stability due to the introduction of polycations of Al. As a support, AlCr-PILC may show a co-catalytic effect in SCR processes because chromium oxide itself is an active SCR catalyst. The aim of this work is to investigate the potential of AlCr-PILC as a new low temperature SCR catalyst support. RESULTS A series of AlCr-PILC with Al:Cr molar ratio varying from 0:4 to 4:0 were successfully synthesized to support manganese and cerium active phase. MnCe/AlCr(2:2)-PILC exhibited the highest NOx conversion close to 100% at 200–300 °C, and more than 90% N2 selectively over a wide temperature window of 140–300 °C. The catalytic activity of MnCe/AlCr-PILC in terms of both NOx conversion and N2 selectivity is much higher than those of MnCe/Al-PILC, MnCe/Cr-PILC, AlCr-PILC, and the simple mixed MnCeAlCr, indicating the co-catalytic effect of AlCr-PILC support. CONCLUSION AlCr-PILC is a very promising low-temperature SCR catalyst support. The XRD, XPS, and H2-TPR measurements prove that the co-catalytic effect of AlCr-PILC occurred via the strong interaction between MnCe and the AlCr-PILC support. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

Nanocrystalline ZSM-5 with mesoporosity was synthesized within a short reaction time using triethoxyphenylsilane as the mesopore structure directing agent via a direct one-step hydrothermal method. With the addition of the organosilane, the growth of the zeolite grain was restrained, which led to the formation of intercrystal mesoporosity. These zeolite nanocrystals are designed to enhance the adsorption properties by increasing porosity. Their adsorption performance was measured via the static adsorption method with toluene as a model gas on an intelligent gravimetric analyzer.

Nanosized V-Ce oxides supported on TiO2 (VCT) were prepared and utilized in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. Compared with the other V-Ce oxides-based catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2, and ZSM-5, VCT showed the best SCR activity in a low-temperature range. The NOx conversion of 90% could be achieved at 220 &deg, C. Characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election micrograph (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption with NH3 (NH3-TPD), and temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR) showed that V1.05Ce1/TiO2 exhibited a good dispersion of V2O5, enrichment of surface Ce3+ and chemical-absorbed oxygen, and excellent redox capacity and acidity, which resulted in the best SCR performance at low temperature.

A series of different catalysts were prepared by impregnation method using P25 (nano-titanium dioxide), Mt (montmorillonite) and ZSM-5 as supports, and Mn, Cu, Ce, Co and Fe as active components. The effects of catalytic oxidation were investigated to investigate the factors affecting the catalytic oxidation of toluene. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD and SEM. The surface morphology and pore size and pore volume were observed. It was found that MnCu0.5Ce2On/P25 had the best removal effect on toluene under the condition of 3% O2 and temperature of 240 °C. Combined with the characterization results, the pore size and pore volume are relatively large, which is beneficial to increase the selective adsorption of toluene and increase the dispersion of active components, so that the metal oxide of the active component is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst, and the catalyst is increased. The surface active site enhances the performance of catalytic oxidation of toluene.

A series of HMS molecular sieves with different pore structures were prepared by using dodecylamine and octadecylamine as template and tetrabutyl orthosilicate as silicon source to study the different pH values and temperatures. Adsorption performance. The physicochemical properties of HMS molecular sieves were characterized by BET, XRD and SEM. The results showed that the HMS molecular sieve material synthesized by dodecylamine as template was obtained after standing for 12 h in water bath for 12 h, pH 2 and calcination temperature was 550 °C. The best adsorption effectis HMS molecular sieve material synthesized by octadecylamine as template agent has the best adsorption effect when the aging time is water bath for 24 h, pH is 10, and calcination temperature is 550 °C. The adsorption rates are up to 71.72% and 74.78%, respectively.

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) are one of the main sources of pollution causing atmospheric pollution, and one of the main causes of acid rain and acid mist. In this paper, low temperature SCR catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The preparation process and the denitrification rate are optimized by changing the ratio of manganese nitrate and lanthanum nitrate, calcination temperature, carrier, citric acid and the like. At the same time, the physical properties and structural characterization of the catalyst were carried out by SEM and BET. The results showed that the best support was ZSM-5, the loading amount was 14% manganese nitrate, 7% cerium nitrate, citric acid was 1 g, and the calcination temperature was 500 °C.

MOF-5 crystals were prepared by solvothermal synthesis, and characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and specific surface area (BET). The adsorption of formaldehyde, acetone, glycerol and toluene were studied. The effects of reaction solvent ratio, adsorption time and synthesis temperature on adsorption were investigated. The results show that the reaction solvent ratio is 2.6, the crystal particles have good integrity, the cracking phenomenon and aggregation phenomenon are less, the size is more uniform, highly crystalline, the specific surface area and pore volume are larger, and the pore size distribution is more concentrated. The adsorption time is 48 h, the synthesis temperature is 95°C. Under high temperature conditions, MOF-5 has a high-dimensional skeleton crystal structure with higher specific surface area and pore volume. MOF-5 has the best adsorption effect on toluene.

Spruce wood sawdust (S), as biomass waste, could be utilized as a renewable fuel, but it suffers from its bulky, low energy density, high volatiles content and NOx emission. This study investigated the possibility of conversion S into bio-char pellets (SC-Ps) as renewable and CO2-neutral bio-fuel. Sawdust derived bio-char (SC) was produced through pyrolysis, and subsequently compressed into SC-Ps bonded by lignin (L) and hardened by Ca(OH)2, NaOH, CaCl2, CaO. The combustion characteristics of S and SC, the physical properties of SC-Ps including abrasive resistances (ARs), impact resistance index (IRI) and compress strengthens (CS) were evaluated. Results showed that the high heat value (HHV) of SC increased by 95% and its NOx emission decreased due to the release of N-containing volatiles. Among these hardeners, addition of 5% Ca(OH)2–10% L reduced the disruptive force created by uptake moisture and played an effect of hydration on hardening the bonds. In addition, the catalysis of hydroxide promoted the polymer chain growing into three-dimensional cross-linking that strengthened the bonds. Thus, the mechanical strengths of the SC-Ps bonded by Ca(OH)2/L were sufficient for directly transportation and being charged into the blast furnace.

article i nfo 0 Absorption A complex absorbent containing urea and KMnO4 was used to investigate simultaneous removal of SO2 ,N O and Hg 0 from flue gas. By focusing on NO, SO2 and Hg 0 removal efficiencies, the influences of different types of oxidants, urea concentration, KMnO4 concentration, Hg 0 inlet concentration, initial pH, reaction tempera- ture, SO2 and NO concentrations were systematically investigated. The results indicate that urea+KMnO4 so- lution cleaned up SO2 quite efficiently; the removal efficiency was more than 98%, and slightly affected by reaction conditions. NO and Hg 0 removal efficiencies depended primarily on the KMnO4 concentration. Urea concentration, reaction temperature, initial solution pH, SO2 and NO concentrations all had a strong in- fluence on the NO removal, but had a little influence on the Hg 0 removal. The inlet concentrations of Hg 0 con- tributed little to the removal of NO and Hg 0 . Meanwhile the optimal conditions were established, the absorption capacities of NO, SO2 and Hg 0 were calculated and the final reaction products in the solution were analyzed under the optimal conditions. This process is a promising method for the simultaneous remov- al of NO, SO2 and Hg 0 .

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) synthesized by hydrothermal method were increasingly used as the catalyst support for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia. This paper reports the critical process of postwashing to prepare satisfactory TNTs for the uses of SCR catalysts. Herein, alkaline TNTs (TNTs-AL), acidic TNTs (TNTs-AC), and neutral TNTs (TNTs-NE) were synthesized by controlling washing pH value. When these TNTs were utilized as the catalyst supports for manganese oxides (Mn/TNTs-AL, Mn/TNTs-AC, and Mn/TNTs-NE), the key role of pH value was found. Titanate nanosheets, titanate nanorods and titanate nanotubes were dominated in Mn/TNTs-AL, Mn/TNTs-AC, and Mn/TNTs-NE, respectively. MnO2crystal was observed when using TNTs-AC or TNTs-NE as the support. By contrast, Mn3O4and NaNO3were observed when using TNTs-AL as the support. Mn/TNTs-NE showed the best SCR activity, in line with the largest surface area, the best dispersion, and the most active redox property of manganese oxides. Mn/TNTs-AL showed negligible SCR activity, resulting from the minimum surface area, the Mn3O4-dominating crystal structure, and the bad dispersion of manganese oxides.

Background Modified Lingguizhugan Decoction (MLD) came from famous Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan Decoction. The MLD is used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the clinical setting. Our study focuses on the comprehensive treatment of MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Rats were divided into five groups: control group (Cont), high-fat diet group (HFD), high-fat diet incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR), exercise incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR-Ex) and MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise group (HFD-DR-Ex-MLD). Treatments were conducted for 1 week after feeding high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The effects of treatments on high fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance in rats of MS were examined. In addition, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin and protein kinase B (PKB) in rats serum and liver were also examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After a week’s intervention by dietary restriction, dietary restriction incorporated with exercise or MLD, compared with HFD rats, the relative weight of liver and fat, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, insulin, were significantly decreased (p

The experiments were performed in a countercurrent packed column in a continuous mode to study the absorption of NOX and SO2 in urea solutions. On the basis of high SO2 removal efficiency, the NOX removal efficiencies under various experimental conditions were emphatically measured. The various influencing factors, such as urea concentration, temperature, initial pH value, oxidation degree of nitrogen oxides, SO2 concentration and additive on removal efficiencies of NOX were studied experimentally, and the optimal conditions were established. The reaction products were analyzed, and reaction mechanism and total chemical reaction equations for simultaneous desulfurization and denitration using urea solution were deduced. Molar reaction enthalpy, molar formation Gibbs function and chemical reaction equilibrium constant were calculated by thermodynamic methods. The calculation results show that the simultaneous desulfurization and denitration are available, and the removal efficiencies are 100% nearly.

A new method named Chemical Physics (CP) method was developed to produce solar grade silicon feedstock at a company in China. In this paper the characteristic of the solar grade silicon made by CP method was analysed. The results show that the purity of solar grade silicon is above 5 N and most of impurities are below 0.0001 wt.%. Crystalline silicon solar cells were prepared using solar grade silicon wafers based on CP method. Average efficiency of the solar cells is about 15.05%, and the highest efficiency is 15.60% under AM1.5 illumination conditions. The light-induced degradation of the solar cells was examined. Degradation by up to 15% of the initial efficiency of the solar cells is detected. The solar cell results and light-induced characteristic show that the solar cells based on CP methods have desired performance and thus have the potential for large scale production.

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl 2 chemical activation. Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and adsorption of nitrogen. The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity (394 m 2 ·g −1 of BET surface, 0.12 and 0.10 ml·g −1 of microporous and mesoporous volume, respectively). The oxygen functional groups such as OH, C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor. The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration, from 23.6 μg·g −1 at 12.58 μg·m −3 to 87.9 μg·g −1 at 72.50 μg·m −3 , and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased, from 246 μg·g —1 at 25°C to 61.3 μg·g −1 at 140 °C, when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas. The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon, which was 81.2 μg·g —1 and 53.8 μg·g −1 respectively. The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model. The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.

A new paraffin/surfactant/water emulsion (PSW) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) controlling was prepared and its potential for VOCs removal was investigated. Results indicated that PSW-5 (5%, v/v) provided higher toluene absorption efficiency (90.77%) than the other absorbents used. The saturation pressure, Henry’s constant, and activity coefficient of toluene in PSW-5 were significantly lower than those in water, and toluene solubility (1.331 g·L−1) in the PSW-5 was more than 2.5 times higher than the value in water. Several factors potentially affecting the toluene absorption efficiency were systematically investigated. The results suggested that concentration and pH of PSW, absorption temperature, and gas flow rate all had a strong influence on the toluene absorption, but the inlet concentration of toluene had little effect on the toluene absorption. There were different absorbing performances of PSW-5 on different VOCs, and the ketones, esters, and aromatics were more easily removed by the PSW-5 than the alkanes. Regeneration and reuse of the PSW were possible; after 3 runs of regeneration the absorption efficiency of PSW-5 for toluene also could reach 82.42%. So, the PSW is an economic, efficient, and safe absorbent and has a great prospect in organic waste gas treatment.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Xingnaojing Injection (XNJI) is a modern Chinese formula came from famous Chinese medicine An Gong Niu Huang Pill. XNJI has been used for treatment of cerebral diseases and stroke in China, and is approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI). XNJI belongs to the ethnopharmacological family of medicines. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the XNJI effect on AAI. Aim of the study To investigate the effects of XNJI on glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and related receptor in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of AAI rat. Material and methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with microdialysis probes in LHA. Rats were randomly divided into control, model, 1.36 mg/kg XNJI, 0.68 mg/kg XNJI and 0.34 mg/kg XNJI groups. During microdialysis, baseline samples were collected from 1 h to 2.5 h; thereafter, the rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 52% ethanol, 5.2 g/kg, or saline for control group. Twenty minutes later, three doses of XNJI was given by unilateral injection respectively, while saline for control and model groups, and samples were collected for the next 4 h. The extracellular glutamate and GABA levels were measured in the LHA by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLU). The expression levels of related receptors N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NR) subunit NR2A, NR2B and GABAA were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Ethanol (5.2 g/kg) significantly decreased the extracellular levels of glutamate and increased extracellular GABA in LHA. On the other hand ethanol significantly decreased NR2A and NR2B mRNAs expression, and increase GABAA mRNA expression. XNJI could increase the extracellular level of glutamate and decrease that of GABA; moreover, induced an increase in NR2A and NR2B mRNA expression, and a decrease in GABAA mRNA expression in LHA. Conclusions The current changes in glutamate, GABA and mRNA expressions of related receptors in LHA after injection of XNJI suggest that changes in these neurotransmitters and receptors as a potential mechanism of action for AAI.