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Our study surveyed age-related bone mineral density (BMD), bone loss rate, and prevalence of osteoporosis in women at multiple research centers in China. Survey results were used to establish a BMD reference database for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in Chinese women nationwide. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometers to measure BMD at posteroanterior (PA) lumbar spine (L1-L4; n=8142) and proximal femur (n=7290) in female subjects of age 20-89 yr from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Jiaxing. A cubic regression-fitting model was used to describe the change of BMD with age at various skeletal sites. Peak BMD occurred between 30 and 34 yr of age for femur neck and total femur, and between 40 and 44 yr for spine and trochanter measurement sites. Young adult (YA) BMD values (mean and standard deviation [SD], calculated as the average BMD in the age range of 20-39, were 1.116+/-0.12, 0.927+/-0.12, 0.756+/-0.11, and 0.963+/-0.13 g/cm2 at PA spine, femoral neck, trochanter, and total femur, respectively. The BMD of 85-yr-old women reflected a loss of 32% at the spine and 30-35% at femur measurement sites. The prevalence of osteoporosis, defined as a BMD of

To evaluate the effect of weight on bone mineral density in ovariectomic rats.Forty 6-month-old Wistar female rats were randomly divided into the sham surgical group and the ovariectomic group. The weights of the rats and the bone mineral densities and bone mineral contents of the femurs of the rats were measured eight weeks after the operations.The body weights of the ovariectomic rats increased significantly. The vaginal cytology of the ovariectomic rats showed no estrous cycle. The areas of the uterus transverse section of the ovariectomic rats deceased significantly. The depth of endometrium and its epithelia, and the area percentage of endometric gland of the ovariectomic rats were smaller than those of the sham surgical controls. There were no statistically differences in the BMD and BMC between the ovariectomic rats and the sham surgical controls. However, the BMC/weight ratio of the ovariectomic rats decreased significantly. The linear stepwise regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between BMC and body weight and a negative correlation between BMC and the weight differences pre- and post operations. The BMC/weight ratio also had a negative correlation with the weight differences.The osteoporotic animal model after ovariectomy has been successfully established. The certain increased body weight after ovariectomy may slow the lose of bone mass. But the over increasing in body mass lead to BMC/weight decling, caused by osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a common finding following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there are few reports on the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the syndrome types described in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients with COPD. A cross-sectional medical survey was used in this study. Twenty-six male patients with COPD and 26 age-matched male healthy subjects were recruited. The symptom questionnaire survey of TCM was implemented, and thereafter the COPD patients were divided into two subgroups: type of deficiency of the lung and spleen (TDLS) and type of deficiency of the lung, spleen and kidney (TDLSK). BMD of lumbar spine (L2-4), non-dominant femoral neck (Neck), Ward's triangle (Ward's), and great trochanter (Troch) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. In addition, the other bone turnover markers were also examined. The results showed that BMD was much more decreased in TDLSK than that in TDLS patients ( p < 0.05), and BMD in the patients of the TDLS subgroup without symptoms of kidney-vacuity has showed the decreased trend from healthy subjects to TDLS patients. Furthermore, there was a higher incidence of osteoporosis in patients with TDLSK compared with that in TDLS ( p < 0.05, OR > 2.0). Therefore, the data suggest that: (1) BMD might be a marker more sensitive than the symptom for the diagnosis of kidney-vacuity in COPD patients; (2) the deficiency of kidney would be the key factor of bone mineral loss; and (3) that invigorating the kidney should be performed in the phase of TDLS in COPD patients in advance.

To design and manufacture a reliable spine phantom used in the cross calibration and quality control of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).A hydroxyapatite quality control phantom was designed and made through three steps: solid water, bone phantom material and integration, then evaluated the phantom on four different types of DXA machines made by LUNAR company.Among the four DXA densitometers, the Expert fan beam densitometer had the biggest accuracy errors of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content(BMC) and area values while the other three one narrow fan beam (Prodigy) and two pencil beam densitometers-had small errors. Of the three indexes measured by all the machines, BMD error was the smallest (-15.4%-11.5%), with the Prodigy's BMD was most outstanding. BMD errors at the higher density ends were small, tend to be positive values while the errors at the lower ends were big, tend to be negative. In cross calibration, giving consideration to the differences between the both ends, it is better to use the regression equation to correct. The base line of precision error derived by scanning the phantom once a day for consecutive 25 days was better than that derived by scanning the phantom 25 times consecutively on the same day. As to precision error, the coefficient of variation (CV) of scanning-25 times-a day was the smallest (0.0043) while the CV of 12 adults measurements was the biggest (0.0078).This phantom can be used in the quality control and cross-calibration of different types of DXA machines.

To explore the correlation between bone mineral density and Syndrome type of TCM in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for providing the base of clinical integrative traditional Chinese and western medical therapy for the disease through the Syndrome typing and determination of changes in bone metabolism and bone density.Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae 2-4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter in 27 COPD male patients, 25 male control subjects and 25 healthy persons were determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, patient's Syndrome type, their blood levels of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bone glaprotein, hydroxyproline, calcium, phosphate, urine levels of calcium/creatine and phosphorous/creatine as well as arterial blood gas were also determined.The BMD in COPD patients accompanied with respiratory failure or with course10 years was higher than that in COPD patients without respiratory failure or with courseor = 10 years, BMD in COPD patients of Fei-Pi-Shen type was lower than that in those of Fei-Pi, but the urine hydroxyprdine in the former was higher than that in the latter (all P0.05).(1) COPD is a risk factor for osteoporosis; (2) Shen Deficiency is the key and nucleus of secondary osteoporosis to COPD; (3) It is inferred that early regulation of Shen may be facilitated to prevent osteoporosis in COPD patients.