Search

The control strategy of the gas supply subsystem is very important to ensure the performance and stability of the fuel cell system. However, due to the inherent nonlinear characteristics of the fuel cell gas supply subsystem, the traditional control strategy is mainly based on proportional integral (PI) control, which has the disadvantages of large limitation, large error, limited immunity, and inconsistent control performance, which seriously affects its effectiveness. In order to overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an optimal control method for air supply subsystems based on nonlinear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). Firstly, a seven-order fuel cell system model is established, and then, the nonlinear ADRC and traditional PI control strategies are compared and analyzed. Finally, the two strategies are simulated and compared. The validation results indicate that the integral absolute error (IAE) measure of PI control is 0.502, the integral square error (ISE) measure is 0.1382, and the total variation (TV) measure is 399.1248. Compared with the PI control, the IAE and ISE indexes of ADRC were reduced by 61.31% and 58.03%, respectively. ADRC is superior to PI control strategy in all aspects and realizes the efficient adjustment of the system under different working conditions. ADRC is more suitable for the nonlinear characteristics of the gas supply system and is more suitable for the oxygen excess ratio (OER). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification and fabrication of composite structures have been reported to be efficient strategies to obtain cathode materials with satisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, a combined method to fabricate an oxidized spinel outer layer containing Ni3+ is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the rate capability as well as cyclability of Li-rich cathode materials. Such a surface modification process is carried out through a facile treatment with ammonium persulfate, and a homogeneous layered-spinel structure is thus obtained, which contains intimately connected layered bulk and an oxidized spinel outer layer. The thus-obtained material delivers a charge/discharge capacity of 330.5/308.7 mA h g−1, with an enhanced coulombic efficiency up to 93.4% and a rather fascinating rate capability of 169.1 mA h g−1, 100.8 mA h g−1, and 68.2 mA h g−1 at 10 C, 20 C and 30 C, respectively, and a much superior cycle performance, which is a stable capacity with no fading after prolonged 200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The passion for salvation, as the spiritual motive of Moism, can be investigated concerning its actualization and historical evolution. Because of his lower class status, a passion for salvation arose in Mozi was at first emphasized in "universal love," "identification with the superior," and "will of heaven," and then was later realized in the spirit of Shi Mo ..., or Moist officials, who were impartial and incorruptible in the execution of their duties. When the officials became frustrated by the despotic powers, their passion then evolved into a spirit of Xia Mo ..., or Moist knights, who never hesitated in helping people and upholding justice. And when Moist knights were finally rooted out by despotic powers, the only choice for Moists was to become Bian Mo ..., or Moist sophists, specialists in "Major Illustration" ("Daqu" ...) and "Minor Illustration" ("Xiaoqu" ...). This development, however, ran contrary to its primary ideal. Still, both the impartial and incorruptible Moist officials and the righteous and courageous Moist knights represented an expectation deep inside people's minds. Therefore, whenever social injustice worsened to a certain degree, the populist spirit of Moism was picked up as a weapon of critique. Thus, the actualization and evolution of this passion for salvation offers a constant mirror for populist thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the interplay between universality and particularity in Confucian philosophical ethics. The author is responding to Huang Yusheng's article in this issue titled "The Starting Point for Universal Ethics" and contends that Yusheng pits the Christian God against Confucian notions of love. The author also states that Yusheng displays a misunderstanding, and even contempt, for traditional Chinese culture.