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In this paper, we develop a new strategy to study Lagrangain mean curvature equation on open sets of $\mathbb{R}^{n}(n\geq2)$. By establishing an Allard-type regularity theorem, we obtain an interior Hessian estimate of solutions to this equation with prescribed Lipschitz critical and supercritical phases. Here, our condition on the phases is sharp. The proof heavily relies on geometric measure theory, geometry of Lagrangian graphs, and De Giorgi-Nash-Moser iteration. We expect that the techniques and ideas developed here can be used in some other equations., Comment: 44 pages. Comments are welcome!

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers are currently limited by their qubit numbers, which hampers progress towards fault-tolerant quantum computing. A major challenge in scaling these systems is crosstalk, which arises from unwanted interactions among neighboring components such as qubits and resonators. An innovative placement strategy tailored for superconducting quantum computers can systematically address crosstalk within the constraints of limited substrate areas. Legalization is a crucial stage in placement process, refining post-global-placement configurations to satisfy design constraints and enhance layout quality. However, existing legalizers are not supported to legalize quantum placements. We aim to address this gap with qGDP, developed to meticulously legalize quantum components by adhering to quantum spatial constraints and reducing resonator crossing to alleviate various crosstalk effects. Our results indicate that qGDP effectively legalizes and fine-tunes the layout, addressing the quantum-specific spatial constraints inherent in various device topologies. By evaluating diverse NISQ benchmarks. qGDP consistently outperforms state-of-the-art legalization engines, delivering substantial improvements in fidelity and reducing spatial violation, with average gains of 34.4x and 16.9x, respectively.

Despite progress towards achieving low error rates with superconducting qubits, error-prone two-qubit gates remain a bottleneck for realizing large-scale quantum computers. Therefore, a systematic framework to design high-fidelity gates becomes imperative. One type of two-qubit gate in superconducting qubits is the controlled-phase (CPHASE) gate, which utilizes a conditional interaction between higher energy levels of the qubits controlled by a baseband flux pulse on one of the qubits or a tunable coupler. In this work, we study an adiabatic implementation of CPHASE gates and formulate the design of the control trajectory for the gate as a pulse-design problem. We show in simulation that the Chebyshev-based trajectory can, in certain cases, enable gates with leakage error lower by an average of roughly 6% when compared to the widely used Slepian-based trajectory.

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers face a critical limitation in qubit numbers, hindering their progression towards large-scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing. A significant challenge impeding scaling is crosstalk, characterized by unwanted interactions among neighboring components on quantum chips, including qubits, resonators, and substrate. We motivate a general approach to systematically resolving multifaceted crosstalks in a limited substrate area. We propose Qplacer, a frequency-aware electrostatic-based placement framework tailored for superconducting quantum computers, to alleviate crosstalk by isolating these components in spatial and frequency domains alongside compact substrate design. Qplacer commences with a frequency assigner that ensures frequency domain isolation for qubits and resonators. It then incorporates a padding strategy and resonator partitioning for layout flexibility. Central to our approach is the conceptualization of quantum components as charged particles, enabling strategic spatial isolation through a 'frequency repulsive force' concept. Our results demonstrate that Qplacer carefully crafts the physical component layout in mitigating various crosstalk impacts while maintaining a compact substrate size. On various device topologies and NISQ benchmarks, Qplacer improves fidelity by an average of 36.7x and reduces spatial violations (susceptible to crosstalk) by an average of 12.76x, compared to classical placement engines. Regarding area optimization, compared to manual designs, Qplacer can reduce the required layout area by 2.14x on average

Let $\Sigma$ be a complete Riemannian manifold of nonnegative Ricci curvature. We prove a Liouville-type theorem: every smooth solution $u$ to minimal hypersurface equation on $\Sigma$ is a constant provided $u$ has sublinear growth for its negative part. Here, the sublinear growth condition is sharp. Our proof relies on a gradient estimate for minimal graphs over $\Sigma$ with small linear growth of the negative parts of graphic functions via iteration., Comment: 14 pages

Molecular docking plays a pivotal role in drug discovery and precision medicine, enabling us to understand protein functions and advance novel therapeutics. Here, we introduce a potential alternative solution to this problem, the digitized-counterdiabatic quantum approximate optimization algorithm (DC-QAOA), which utilizes counterdiabatic driving and QAOA on a quantum computer. Our method was applied to analyze diverse biological systems, including the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complex with PM-2-020B, the DPP-4 complex with piperidine fused imidazopyridine 34, and the HIV-1 gp120 complex with JP-III-048. The DC-QAOA exhibits superior performance, providing more accurate and biologically relevant docking results, especially for larger molecular docking problems. Moreover, QAOA-based algorithms demonstrate enhanced hardware compatibility in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, indicating their potential for efficient implementation under practical docking scenarios. Our findings underscore quantum computing's potential in drug discovery and offer valuable insights for optimizing protein-ligand docking processes., Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, All comments are welcome

In this paper, we define natural capacities using a relative volume of graphs over manifolds, which can be characterized by solutions of bounded variation to Dirichlet problems of minimal hypersurface equation. Using the capacities, we introduce a notion '$M$-parabolicity' for ends of complete manifolds, where a parabolic end must be $M$-parabolic, but not vice versa in general. We study the boundary behavior of solutions associated with capacities in the measure sense, and the existence of minimal graphs over $M$-parabolic or $M$-nonparabolic manifolds outside compact sets. For a $M$-parabolic manifold $P$, we prove a half-space theorem for complete proper minimal hypersurfaces in $P\times\mathbb{R}$. As a corollary, we immediately have a slice theorem for smooth mean concave domains in $P\times\mathbb{R}^+$, where the $M$-parabolic condition is sharp by our example. On the other hand, we prove that any $M$-parabolic end is indeed parabolic provided its Ricci curvature is uniformly bounded from below. Compared to harmonic functions, we get the asymptotic estimates with sharp orders for minimal graphic functions on nonparabolic manifolds of nonnegative Ricci curvature outside compact sets., Comment: 43 pages

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is well suitable for searching for monochromatic and sharp $\gamma$-ray structures in the GeV$-$TeV range thanks to its unprecedented high energy resolution. In this work, we search for $\gamma$-ray line structures using five years of DAMPE data. To improve the sensitivity, we develop two types of dedicated data sets (including the BgoOnly data which is the first time to be used in the data analysis for the calorimeter-based gamma-ray observatories) and adopt the signal-to-noise ratio optimized regions of interest (ROIs) for different DM density profiles. No line signals or candidates are found between 10 and 300 GeV in the Galaxy. The constraints on the velocity-averaged cross section for $\chi\chi \to \gamma\gamma$ and the decay lifetime for $\chi \to \gamma\nu$, both at 95% confidence level, have been calculated and the systematic uncertainties have been taken into account. Comparing to the previous Fermi-LAT results, though DAMPE has an acceptance smaller by a factor of $\sim 10$, similar constraints on the DM parameters are achieved and below 100 GeV the lower limits on the decay lifetime are even stronger by a factor of a few. Our results demonstrate the potential of high-energy-resolution observations on dark matter detection., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. Update the content to keep up with the published version

Let $B_2(p)$ be an $n$-dimensional smooth geodesic ball with Ricci curvature $\geq-(n-1)\kappa^2$ for some $\kappa\geq0$. We establish the Sobolev inequality and the uniform Neumann-Poincar\'e inequality on each minimal graph over $B_1(p)$ by combining Cheeger-Colding theory and the current theory from geometric measure theory, where the constants in the inequalities only depends on $n$, $\kappa$, the lower bound of the volume of $B_1(p)$. As applications, we derive gradient estimates and a Liouville theorem for a minimal graph $M$ over a smooth complete noncompact manifold $\Sigma$ of nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth. Furthermore, we can show that any tangent cone of $\Sigma$ at infinity splits off a line isometrically provided the graphic function of $M$ admits linear growth., Comment: 51 pages

The Forbush Decrease (FD) represents the rapid decrease of the intensities of charged particles accompanied with the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) or high-speed streams from coronal holes. It has been mainly explored with ground-based neutron monitors network which indirectly measure the integrated intensities of all species of cosmic rays by counting secondary neutrons produced from interaction between atmosphere atoms and cosmic rays. The space-based experiments can resolve the species of particles but the energy ranges are limited by the relative small acceptances except for the most abundant particles like protons and helium. Therefore, the FD of cosmic ray electrons and positrons have just been investigated by the PAMELA experiment in the low energy range ($<5$ GeV) with limited statistics. In this paper, we study the FD event occurred in September, 2017, with the electron and positron data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer. The evolution of the FDs from 2 GeV to 20 GeV with a time resolution of 6 hours are given. We observe two solar energetic particle events in the time profile of the intensity of cosmic rays, the earlier and weak one has not been shown in the neutron monitor data. Furthermore, both the amplitude and recovery time of fluxes of electrons and positrons show clear energy-dependence, which is important in probing the disturbances of the interplanetary environment by the coronal mass ejections., Comment: This article is dedicated to the 72nd anniversary of People's Republic of China

For any $\Lambda>0$, let $\mathcal{M}_{n,\Lambda}$ denote the space containing all locally Lipschitz minimal graphs of dimension $n$ and of arbitrary codimension $m$ in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{n+m}$ with uniformly bounded 2-dilation $\Lambda$ of their graphic functions. In this paper, we show that this is a natural class to extend structural results known for codimension one. In particular, we prove that any tangent cone $C$ of $M\in\mathcal{M}_{n,\Lambda}$ at infinity has multiplicity one. This enables us to get a Neumann-Poincar$\mathrm{\acute{e}}$ inequality on stationary indecomposable components of $C$. A corollary is a Liouville theorem for $M$. For small $\Lambda>1$(we can take any $\Lambda<\sqrt{2}$), we prove that (i) for $n\leq7$, $M$ is flat; (2) for $n>8$ and a non-flat $M$, any tangent cone of $M$ at infinity is a multiplicity one quasi-cylindrical minimal cone in $\mathbb{R}^{n+m}$ whose singular set has dimension $\leq n-7$., Comment: 56 pages

In this paper, we study the angle estimate of distance functions from minimal hypersurfaces in manifolds of Ricci curvature bounded from below using Colding's method in [13]. With Cheeger-Colding theory, we obtain the Laplacian comparison for limits of distance functions from minimal hypersurfaces in the version of Ricci limit space. As an application, if a sequence of minimal hypersurfaces converges to a metric cone $CY\times\mathbb{R}^{n-k}(2\leq k\leq n)$ in a non-collapsing metric cone $CX\times\mathbb{R}^{n-k}$ obtained from ambient manifolds of almost nonnegative Ricci curvature, then we can prove a Frankel property for the cross section $Y$ of $CY$. Namely, $Y$ has only one connected component in $X$., Comment: 31 pages

In this paper, we study area-minimizing hypersurfaces in manifolds of Ricci curvature bounded below with Cheeger-Colding theory. Let $N_i$ be a sequence of smooth manifolds with Ricci curvature $\geq-n\kappa^2$ on $B_{1+\kappa'}(p_i)$ for constants $\kappa\ge0$, $\kappa'>0$, and volume of $B_1(p_i)$ has a positive uniformly lower bound. Assume $B_1(p_i)$ converges to a metric ball $B_1(p_\infty)$ in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense. For an area-minimizing hypersurface $M_i$ in $B_1(p_i)$ with $\partial M_i\subset\partial B_1(p_i)$, we prove the continuity for the volume function of area-minimizing hypersurfaces equipped with the induced Hausdorff topology. In particular, each limit $M_\infty$ of $M_i$ is area-minimizing in $B_1(p_\infty)$ provided $B_1(p_\infty)$ is a smooth Riemannian manifold. By blowing up argument, we get sharp dimensional estimates for the singular set of $M_\infty$ in $\mathcal{R}$, and $\mathcal{S}\cap M_\infty$. Here, $\mathcal{R}$, $\mathcal{S}$ are the regular and singular parts of $B_1(p_\infty)$, respectively., Comment: 39 pages