Search

Niosomes are considered as novel nano-carrier in the drug delivery systems. These are much more stable than other nano-carriers like liposomes and nanoparticles. It is an example for targeted and control release of medication. The drug is entrapped into lipid core so that it prevents the drug from leaching. Here the drug will be targeted only to the desired cell/tissue and not to the non-targeted cells. By giving this formulation we can thereby reduce the dose of the drug and toxicity. This review article mainly emphasizes on the potential applications of niosomes in targeted drug delivery system. Keywords: niosomes, nanocarriers, targeted drug delivery.

The prevalence of neurological diseases is increasing too rapidly in ageing population in world. In traditional practice of medicine of natural products has been reported to treat neurological disorders. Para-coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and reported for various pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory effects. But clinical application of para-coumaric acid is limited due to its poor dissolution rate. Polymeric nanoparticles have been reported for targeted drug delivery system. With this information, our study focused to formulate para-coumaric acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles in order to evaluate its neuroprotective potential against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. Different formulations (F1, F2, F3) of Para-coumaric acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PCA-NPs) was prepared by simple ionic cross-linking method. Formulated PCA-NPs were subjected to characterization methods such as SEM analysis, Drug loading and Entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release and Stability studies. The in vitro cyto-toxicity assay of formulated PCA-NPs was performed against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. This study indicated that F2-formulationof PCA-NPs showed improved dissolution rate of drug and considerable neuro-protective activity against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the study concluded that nanoparticle formulation could be suitable for targeted drug delivery system against neurological disorder.

Background: Pesticide delivery system has been formulated in the form of emulsifiable concentrates, water solutions, aerosols, or spray formulations. However, such formulations showed health hazards. Encapsulation technique is the more suitable method to reduce health hazard and to deliver and release the pesticides. Natural biopolymers have been widely studied for encapsulation of pesticide compounds, as they are biodegradable, biocompatible, and low toxic to mammalian. Neem oil has been reported for controlling of the mosquitoes and more eco-friendly insecticide than synthetic insecticides. The present study was designed to prepare a cross-linked polymeric network capsules loaded with neem oil as effective controlled release formulation against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Materials and Methods: Neem oil-loaded chitosan/alginate/gelatin capsules were prepared by cross-linking method. Neem oil-loaded capsules were characterized with respect to their capsule size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and swelling property. In vitro larvicidal activity of neem oil-loaded polymeric capsules was studied against C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Results: The cross-linking method produced spherical shape of neem oil-loaded capsules. Ultraviolet spectroscopy analysis indicated that 10% of neem oil was loaded with capsule. A swelling study indicated that swelling of the loaded capsules tends to be more stable. SEM analysis showed that loading of the neem oil with the capsules fills all pores and capsules were found with good compatibility between chitosan, alginate, and gelatin due to the uniform shape of the capsule. Formulated neem oil-loaded capsules showed potential larvicidal activity (100% of mortality) against C. quinquefasciatus larvae in an in vitro model. Conclusion: Formulated neem oil-loaded capsules showed a simple method of preparation and eco-friendly. These polymeric capsule containing neem oil exhibited potential larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus larvae.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is improving the health care services throughout the world. In health care system, ICT involve application of information and communication processing using computer for storage, recovery, sharing and use of knowledge on uses of medicines and patient-centred services. Similarly, web-based system, e-prescription, automated dispensing system, mobile technology and innovations in ICT tools are giving a way to access the data in health care sector all over the world. In healthcare system, ICTs can enhance the qualities of services to dispense the medicines and to maintain the data on patients medication history and patients safety. With this information, this review article mainly focused on overview of ICT tools application in healthcare system. How to cite this article:Dineshkumar B, Krishnakumar K, Nair SK, Paul D. An Overview of Information and Communication Technology Tools Application in Healthcare System. J Adv Res Med Sci Tech 2019; 6(1&2): 15-17.

The Indian economy is extremely reliant on the agricultural productivity. In order to fulfill the citizen's demand and to give more benefits to farmers, increasing crop production is very crucial task nowadays. Crop diseases and pests play a key role in reducing crop production and quality. Therefore, the detection is fundamental in precision agriculture task. Manual detection of diseases takes additional time and efforts on the larger area of the farm. Deep learning approach can be used to detect the diseases and pest more accurately on leaves and other parts of the crop. The proposed method is helpful in detecting crop diseases as well as pests. In this paper, the deep learning techniques related to diseases and pest detection has been reviewed and the deep learning model for automatic diagnosis of crop diseases and pests is proposed.

One of the most important ways for non-invasive delivery of drugs is human skin. But some high molecular weight (> 500 Dalton) compounds can’t cross the skin. Such type of compounds require some novel techniques. Vesicular systems like liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes are mainly used for this purpose, they have the ability to transfer the high molecular weight compounds across the skin. This article mainly describes the significance of Proniosomes. Proniosomes are the water-soluble carrier particles covered with a nonionic surfactant. It has the potential advantages over liposomes and niosomes. The Proniosomal gel is one of the new vesicular system used for transdermal drug delivery. Proniosomal gel is a semisolid crystalline product of nonionic surfactant. This review provides an overview of preparation, formulation, evaluation of proniosomes and which are the herbal drugs formulated as a proniosomal gel.

The explosive growth in the amount of data in the field of biology, education, environmental research, sensor network, stock market, weather forecasting and many more due to vast use of internet in distributed environment has generated an urgent need for new techniques and tools that can intelligently automatically transform the processed data into useful information and knowledge. Hence data mining has become a research are with increasing importance. Since continuation in collection of more data at this scale, formalizing the process of big data analysis will become paramount. Given the vast amount of data are geographically spread across the globe, this means a very large number of models is generated, which raises problems on how to generalize knowledge in order to have a global view of the phenomena across the organization. This is applicable to web-based educational data. In this chapter, the new dynamic and scalable data mining approach has been discussed with educational data.

Biodegradable polymers such as Chitosan or PLGA has been used for sustain release of vaccines for prolonged period. To develop single dose vaccine delivery system of tetanus toxoid using chitosan microspheres. Different batches, 1%, 2% and 3% of chitosan microspheres (CM) were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaradehyde saturated toluene (GST). The tetanus toxoid (TT) was loaded with 1%, 2% and 3% of CM by adsorption method. Percentage of TT absorbed in 1%, 2% and 3% CM were determined by Limes flocculation method. In vitro release of adsorbed TT from 1%, 2% and 3% CM were performed with PBS (pH 7.4) and evaluated by ELISA assay using purified guinea pig IgG by affinity chromatography.Results: The average particle size of 1%, 2% and 3% of CM were determined by optical microscopic method and particle size was found to be 30μm, 31μm, and 35μm respectively. Percentage of TT adsorbed in 1%, 2% and 3% CM were found to be 71%, 80% and 76% respectively by Limes flocculation method. In vitro studies showed that different batches (1%, 2% and 3%) of CM showed cumulative percentage release of TT 74.09%, 89.31%, and 80.23% respectively for 50 days. Among three batches of microspheres, 2% of chitosan microspheres showed better consistent and sustained release of TT for 50 days.Conclusions: This study suggested that 2% of chitosan microspheres could be useful for sustained release of tetanus toxoid to maintain the antibody titre for prolonged period. Keywords: Tetanus toxoid, Chitosan microspheres, Single shot vaccine.

The performance of students in higher education in India is a turning point in the academics for all students for their brightest career. In today's generation the amount of data stored in educational database increasing at a great rate. These databases contain secret information for improvement of students' performance; these data can be located at different nodes in distributed system. Classification and prediction are among the major techniques in Data mining and widely used in various fields. In this paper classification techniques are used for prediction of student performance in distributed environment. Data mining methods are often implemented at many advance universities today for analyzing available data and extracting information and knowledge to support decision-making. While it is important to have models at local level, their results makes it difficult to extract knowledge that can be useful at the global level. Therefore, to support decision making at this area, it is important to generalize the information contained in those models, specific classifier method can be used to generalize these rules for global model.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are advanced nano-carrier for delivery of drugs especially anti-cancer drugs. In the field of CNT-based drug delivery system, both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be used for targeting anticancer drugs in tissues and organs, where the high therapeutic effect is necessary. Benefits of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in drug delivery systems are; avoiding solvent usage and reducing the side effects. Therefore, the present review article described about achievement of SWCNTs and MWCNTs to deliver the anticancer drugs with different cancerous cell lines.