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The simultaneous spectral prediction of levamisole (LEV) and triclabendazole (TRI) in combined veterinary formulation was performed by the new chemometric methods, artificial neural network (ANN) and principal component analysis-artificial neural network (PCA-ANN). Despite the overlapping spectra of LEV and TRI in the same wavelength region, the proposed methods do not use any separation procedure for the analysis of the related compounds. Good precision and accuracy were observed for the applications of the proposed artificial neural network models to an independent binary mixture set consisting of the active compounds. These methods were successfully applied for the chemometric quantitation of a veterinary formulation of LEV and TRI.

Aim: The effects of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole were investigated after oral administration of 100 mg/kg of the drug using a mice model of mercury chloride-induced renal failure. Materials and Methods: Mercury chloride was given to mice at the doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg. Plasma sulphamethoxazole concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer. Plasma concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model. Results: Significant findings (p1/2a) and elimination (t1/2β and MRT) phases of sulphamethoxazole related with renal failure. Also area under the curve value decreased, and mean residence time value increased with renal failure (p

A new three-dimensional chemometric approach was introduced to explore the interaction of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and quantify binding constant using fluorescence excitation and emission measurements. The fluorescence excitation-emission spectra were recorded after gradual titration of HCQ with DNA. Then, the excitation and emission curves and relative concentrations of the drug and drug-DNA complex were quantitatively estimated using a three-dimensional model called Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to a cubic fluorescence data array. The interaction of HCQ and DNA was predicted by applying newly modified Stern-Volmer equations to the relationship between the actual DNA concentration, and the HCQ concentration in the relative concentration profile of the PARAFAC model. In the PARAFAC application, the binding constants of the HCQ-DNA complex at 288, 298, and 310 K were found as 6.78 × 10 3 , 5.07 × 10 3 , and 3.74 × 10 3 L mol -1 , respectively. From the temperature studies, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔS 0 = 3.528 J mol -1 K -1 , ΔH 0 = -20.099 kJ mol -1 and ΔG 0 =-21.11, -21.12, and -21.19 kJ mol -1 at 288, 298, and 310 K, respectively) were calculated. The drug-DNA interaction is spontaneous due to negative ΔG 0 values. The positive ΔS 0 and negative ΔH 0 values revealed the major role of the electrostatic force on the binding of HCQ to DNA. Assay results obtained from the proposed three-way modeling were compared to those provided by the traditional spectrofluorimetric method., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Co-elution is a common challenge in phytochemical chromatography. Full chromatographic separation often requires extensive optimization, long analysis times, and excessive solvent use. A viable alternative could be mathematical elution of analytes using three-dimensional decomposition., Objectives: This study aimed to develop a method to determine chlorogenic acid in Melampyrum stenophyllum Boiss. extracts without complete chromatographic separation, to validate the method, and to cross-validate assay results against a classical ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method., Methodology: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) spectrochromatograms were arranged into a three-way data cube with dimensions of time, wavelength, and sample and then decomposed using parallel factor analysis to reveal chromatographic, spectral, and concentration profiles. The chromatographic and spectral profiles were used to identify chlorogenic acid in overlapping signals. The relative concentration profile was used to quantify it in the plant extract. The assay results were statistically compared with those from an in-house classical UPLC method., Results: Chlorogenic acid was co-eluted at 1.45 min and quantified as 16.11 mg per gram dry weight of Melampyrum stenophyllum extracts (SD = 0.28), despite significant interference in a 4-min runtime. The analytical validity was confirmed by recovery calculations from standard solutions and standard addition samples (RSD < 2%), and the t-test resulted in a p-value of 0.09 (α = 0.05), indicating no significant difference between the results obtained from mathematical elution and chromatographic separation., Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid was quantified from plant material accurately despite the co-elution. Validation and cross-validation results support the method's applicability., (© 2024 The Author(s). Phytochemical Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare femoral neck anteversion (FNA) and determine the prevalence of increased FNA in male elite youth soccer players with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Secondary aims were to evaluate the utility of FNA in predicting CAI and compare ankle and hip muscle strength in the two groups., Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 44 male elite youth soccer players, 22 with CAI (mean age 16.09 ± 1.34) and 22 without CAI (mean age 16.73 ± 1.28). FNA was measured with Craig's test, range of motion (ROM) was measured with a universal goniometer, and ankle and hip maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) was measured with a handheld dynamometer., Results: The mean FNA angles of the CAI and control groups were 15.82° ± 1.44° and 12.09° ± 2.37°, respectively ( p  > 0.05). FNA was greater than 15° in 72% of the CAI group versus 4% of the control group ( p  < 0.05). A 1° increase in FNA was associated with threefold higher odds of having CAI (odds ratio 3.06, 95% confidence ratio: 1.37-6.81, p  < 0.01). Mean ankle eversion and hip abduction MVIS values were 2.67 ± 0.52 Nm/kg and 3.83 ± 0.48 Nm/kg in the CAI group, compared to 3.03 ± 0.58 Nm/kg and 4.46 ± 0.98 Nm/kg in the control group, respectively ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: Male elite youth soccer players with CAI had greater FNA and were more likely to have increased FNA than those without CAI. They also exhibited ankle eversion and hip abduction muscle strength deficiencies compared to peers without CAI. FNA may be useful as a predictor of CAI in male elite youth soccer players., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Indian Orthopaedics Association 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

In this work, a new ultra-performance liquid chromatography method based on photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) was first developed for the quantitative analysis of the quaternary mixture of ascorbic acid (AA), paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPA) in a commercial dosage form. The developed UPLC-PDA method offered a new possibility for the co-determination of four active ingredients in a drug combination with short run time and simple sample preparation. The successful chromatographic separation of the four drugs was performed using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 µm 2.1 × 100 mm) (Mildford, USA) and a mobile phase consisting of water (12 %), acetonitrile (13 %) and 0.1 M H 3 PO 4 (75 %) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The validation of the proposed UPLC-PDA approach was verified by analyzing synthetic mixtures, inter- and intra-day experiments, and commercial powder samples and provided satisfactory results., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate whether morphometric variables of the knee can predict isolated meniscal bucket-handle tears and identify the risk factors., Methods: The study included 146 participants with a mean age of 36.547 ± 12.279 years. They included two groups of 73 patients each: one group with isolated meniscal bucket-handle tears and another with no knee injury (control group). Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the participants were retrospectively assessed. A few morphometric variables associated with distal femur, proximal tibia, and cruciate ligaments were measured., Results: Cruciate ligament tensity (CLT), medial femoral condylar height (MFCH), and lateral meniscal bone angle (LMBA) were found to be 12.7 ± 0.3, 30.1 ± 2.5 mm, and 21.2° ± 3.4°, respectively, in patients with meniscal bucket-handle tear, compared with 11.9 ± 0.2, 28.3 ± 2.7 mm, and 26.5° ± 3.7° in the control group, respectively. Based on multivariate Firth's logistic regression analysis, CLT (Odds ratio [OR]: 456.533; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.582 to > 999.999), MFCH (OR: 1.603; 95% CI: 1.023-2.513), and LMBA (OR: 0.780; 95% CI: 0.624-0.975) could distinguish between meniscal bucket-handle tears and knees without meniscus tears ( p  < 0.05). Based on the multicategorical multinominal regression model, CLT (OR: > 999.999; 95% CI: 49.937 to > 999.999) and MFCH (OR: 1.903; 95% CI: 1.005-3.606) were the determinant variables in differentiating medial meniscal bucket-handle tears from knees without meniscus tears ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: Large CLT, high medial condyle, and small LMBA were revealed as the morphometric risk factors for meniscal bucket-handle tear., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThere is no conflict of interest., (© Indian Orthopaedics Association 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Background and Objective: YouTube has become a digital visual library in almost all fields of life, including medicine. Healthcare professionals and students frequently use YouTube to gain new skills and knowledge; however, the content of these videos has not been scientifically evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the descriptive adequacy and quality of YouTube videos on lumbar spine manipulation techniques (LSMTs) prepared by different healthcare professionals., Methods: The first 50 most relevant videos retrieved on searching YouTube for the keyword 'lumbar spinal manipulation techniques' were included in the study. The video metrics (total duration, number of views, time since upload, number of comments, number of likes, and number of dislikes) that could be accessed from video descriptions were recorded. However the videos were scored according to manipulation definition criteria proposed by the American Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapists (AAOMPT manipulation description score - AAOMPT-MDS) and benchmark criteria for quality of digital content by the Journal of American Medical Association's (JAMA). The video metrics, AAOMPT-MDS and JAMA scores of the videos prepared by medical doctors, chiropractors, osteopaths, and physiotherapists were compared., Results: Video metrics of groups were similar. The mean AAOMPT-MDS of the videos was 2.40 ± 1.57 out of 6.00 (higher score was better), and the mean JAMA score was 2.14 ± 1.05 out of 4.00 (higher score was better). Videos created by all professional groups had statistically comparable AAOMPT-MDS and JAMA scores ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusion: Although YouTube videos on LSMTs offer valuable information for professionals and students, creators should follow the proposed recommendations when producing these videos to ensure quality content and systematic presentation.

A multiway data analysis model, namely parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was proposed to decompose a three-way array of second-order kinetic UV measurements, for the chlorination reaction of caffeine with NaOCl, into a set of the spectra, time, and concentration matrices. The multiway resolution provided the simultaneous estimation of spectral, kinetic, and quantitative analysis of caffeine. The ability of the PARAFAC tool was checked by analyzing the validation samples in the presence of interferences. The added recovery and relative standard deviations for caffeine in the spiked samples were calculated as 99.1%-99.5% and 0.52%-1.34% for Iced Coffee Black liquid coffee (ICB), 99.5%-103.0% and 0.42%-1.03% for Jacobs Monarch Gold 100% Instant Coffee (JMG) and 99.5%-101.4% and 0.11%-0.13% for Çaykur Black Filter (Süzen) Bag Tea (BTB). Caffeine in commercial drinks was analyzed using the concentration matrices of the PARAFAC application. The PARAFAC results were statistically compared to those obtained by the developed UPLC method., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Three-dimensional strategies involving the application of parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to the kinetic UV absorbance measurements were elaborated to monitor the oxidation of quercetin with oxidant agents (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 and KIO 3 ) and to quantify analyte in a dietary supplement product. Loadings (spectral, kinetic and concentration profiles) were obtained by the PARAFAC deconvolution. Spectral identification, kinetics and quantification of the relevant analyte in the presence of interferent(s) were performed. The elaborated chemometric strategies were carefully validated to demonstrate the capability of the method. Assay results of the PARAFAC strategies were statistically compared to that of the newly developed UPLC method.