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Drinking water of good quality is essential for human physiology whose continual existence depends on the availability of water and any sort of contamination in water which is above the standard limits set by international water regulating agencies can lead to water related diseases. So, the present investigation was conducted to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological contents of four springs i.e.Heshi spring 1, Heshi spring 2, Kitaab Roong, and Kooti spring and its distribution system such as water reservoir inlet, outlet, mid and end point of distribution systems, junction where it merge with glacier water. The temperature was in a range of 13oC - 22oC. The turbidity of water samples fluctuate from 0.02NTU-1.99NTU. The pH value was in a range of 6.2-7.1. Electrical conductivity range of minimum 122µS/cm to a maximum of 600µS/cm. The TDS of all water samples ranging from minimum of 164-513mg/l. The amount of reactive ortho phosphate was in a range of 26mg/l to 59mg/L. The amount of total phosphorous was in a range of minimum 23m/L to maximum of 120mg/L. The total bacterial count was in a range of 11CFU/100ml to 83 CFU/100ml.The findings showed there should be comprehensive standardization of drinking water of Danyore village according to guidelines of WHO water quality standards and make it safe for human consumption.

In order to explore their applications as drug delivery vehicles, the mixed interfacial/micellar behaviour of a number of dimeric surfactants (zwitterionic, cocogem and anionic) with an amphiphilic antidepressant drug imipramine hydrochloride (IMP) in aqueous solutions has been investigated. The cmc values of mixed surfactants, estimated from surface tension measurements, decrease with mole fraction (α) and tail length of the surfactants. The values in most of the cases are lower than cmcid. This indicates that mixed micelles are formed due to attractive interactions among the components. A number of simple models (those of Rosen, Rubingh, Motomura) that combine pseudophase approximation with the regular solution theory, have been used to estimate some important physicochemical parameters needed for such applications (like compositions of mixed monolayers (Xs)/mixed micelles (Xm) and the interaction parameters (β)). The values of the micellar interaction parameter (βm) come out to be negative with the magnitude order being: anionic dimerics > zwitterionic dimerics > cocogems. This is explained in light of the different structures of surfactants; IMP is positively charged and with anionic surfactants it experiences stronger attractive interactions while with cocogems its interactions are weak. With zwitterionic dimerics, the drug experiences intermediate interactions.

Ten (10) sunflower genotypes were evaluated in a triplicated randomized complete blocked design in field for plant height, stem diameter at base, internodal length, head diameter, number of whorls head-1, achene weight head -1 , 100-achene weight, achene oil and protein content. Association among various plant traits and direct and indirect effects of various traits on achene weight head -1 were estimated. Correlations of head diameter, 100-achene weight, stem diameter at base, internodal length and oil contents were positive and significant with achene weight head -1 . Path analysis showed that direct effects of plant height, head diameter, 100-achene weight and oil contents were positive while direct effects of stem diameter at base, internodal length, number of fertile whorls head -1 and protein contents were negative on achene weight head-1. This shows that selection based on head diameter, 100-achene weight, plant height, internodal length and stem diameter at base will be more effective in improving yield. Keywords : Sunflower, correlation coefficient, path coefficient, yield components African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 1968-1971

The effect of cationic conventional surfactants myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB),cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the interaction ofdipeptide glycyl-alanine (Gly-Ala) with ninhydrin has been studied spectrophotometrically underdifferent conditions. The reaction rates are higher in the presence of surfactants but the reaction orderremains the same in both the media (first- and fractional-order with respect to [Gly-Ala] and[ninhydrin]). Quantitative kinetic analyses of kψ[surfactant] data were performed on the basis ofpseudo-phase model of the micelles (proposed by Menger and Portnoy and developed by Bunton andRomsted) and Piszkiewicz model wherein the micellar binding constants KS for Gly-Ala and KN forninhydrin with surfactant micelles were evaluated. The catalytic efficiency in TTAB increased byadded electrolytes which had been discussed in detail., European Chemical Bulletin, Vol 3, No 2 (2014): European Chemical Bulletin

It is generally believed that Pakistan is not self-sufficient in wheat. Each year the government plans for wheat imports to fill the estimated shortage of wheat. Effective import policy can only be formulated on the basis of sound forecasting of the related variables. This note has a limited purposes of reviewing the existing forecasting techniques for wheat production. The broad conclusion that emerges from the review indicates a possibility of considerable scope for improvement in the current forecasting techniques.

Die Geschwindigkeit der Disproportionierung von U(V) in U(VI) und U(IV) in 0.4 M NazSOrLosung wird in Abhangigkeit vom pH bestimmt.