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What does antisemitism look like in the context of political discussions on Twitter? In this article, we introduce the notion of platformed antisemitism. We first define it as a platform-agnostic concept, and then explore it through an exemplary case study of Twitter and its affordances by way of a mixed-methods analysis of discourse surrounding the 2018 US midterm election. Via qualitative textual analysis, we document how political discourse on Twitter is marred by antisemitic conspiracy theories that intersect with QAnon and Trump/MAGA support. Through quantitative content analysis of a sample of 99,062 tweets, we highlight a list of terms and hashtags most often associated with antisemitic speech on Twitter and showcase how specific affordances on the platform (quote-tweets, hashtags) amplify and/or diminutize antisemitic speech. Via Lasso regression, we introduce an antisemitism classifier that can be used to further refine future detection efforts of antisemitic speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses lexical borrowings from German into Czech. It is a continuation of our previous paper dealing with German-Czech language contact in Central Europe (Zeman, 2021). Due to the longstanding coexistence of the Czech and German/Austrian ethnic identities, many German/ Austrian loan-words became domesticated in Czech. A significant language contact area in Central Europe is that based on the former centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From this contact area, a notable territory emerged in Vienna, particularly affected by the influence of Czech on German. Although there has been a high degree of ethnic mixing at various stages in history, there was never any real harm done to the essence of either of the two languages. A fascinating aspect is the parallel changes in pronunciation in both languages, for example, in vowel sounds and diphthongs. Today it is generally accepted that, to make these sound changes, both languages had to develop similar internal expectations and that these developed in parallel. The objective is to offer a brief description of morphological adaptation of German loan words in the south Moravian variety. The paper concludes that the morphological structures of diminution in the east Moravian variety are more differentiated than those of German.

Disponibles depuis le début des années 1950, les glucocorticoïdes (GC) font aujourd'hui partie intégrante de la prise en charge de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR). Leur rapidité d'action les rend particulièrement intéressants pour le traitement des poussées ou comme agents relais dans la PR débutante. L'efficacité des GC dans la PR a été établie, à la fois pour contrôler l'activité de la maladie et pour retarder la progression des dégradations articulaires. Parallèlement à ces bénéfices, les GC ont également des effets indésirables bien identifiés. Il est généralement déconseillé d'utiliser les GC sur de longues périodes, surtout à forte dose, et les directives récentes pour la prise en charge de la PR préconisent de ne pas recourir à ces agents, ou suggèrent de ne les utiliser qu'à titre de thérapie relais. Les perceptions relatives aux effets néfastes des GC, essentiellement fondées sur des études observationnelles, demeurent. Les corticothérapies prolongées à faible dose restent très prévalentes dans la pratique clinique, et des données récentes semblent indiquer que cette stratégie présente un rapport bénéfice–risque plutôt favorable, même chez les patients âgés. Ainsi, l'objectif de parvenir à équilibrer les bénéfices et les risques du traitement de la PR par des GC est toujours quelque peu controversé. Cette revue narrative met en avant la place, historique et actuelle, des GC dans la prise en charge de la PR, et résume les éléments récents étayant leurs effets bénéfiques et néfastes. De plus, des stratégies pratiques pour l'utilisation et la diminution des GC dans la PR sont proposées. Glucocorticoids have been available since the early 1950s and have since become an integral part of the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to their rapid effect, glucocorticoids have an appealing profile for treating flares or as ''bridging'' agents in early RA. The efficacy of glucocorticoids to treat RA has been well established, both to control disease activity and to delay the progression of joint damage. However, despite their benefits, glucocorticoids have equally well-known adverse effects. It is generally accepted that long-term use of glucocorticoids, particularly at higher doses, is not advisable, and recent guidelines for the management of RA therefore either recommend against the use of glucocorticoids or suggest using them only as bridging therapy. Perceptions on the harmful effects of glucocorticoids remain, mainly based on observational studies. Prolonged glucocorticoid therapy at low doses is still highly prevalent in clinical practice, but recent data suggested a rather favourable risk-benefit balance for this strategy, even in senior patients. Balancing the benefits and risks of treating RA with glucocorticoids thus remains a somewhat controversial topic. Therefore, this narrative review outlines the historical and current position of glucocorticoids in the management of RA, while summarising recent evidence on their beneficial and detrimental effects. Furthermore, practical strategies for the current use and tapering of glucocorticoids in RA were formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect larvae typically moult to grow, but here we investigate insect larvae that moult to shrink; that is, retrogressive moulting or retrogressive development. We demonstrate this phenomenon in khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae), among the world's most invasive pests of stored grains and cereal products, and a quarantine pest of interest for many countries. Larvae survived a 3‐month period of starvation, moulting up to six times and reducing their body mass by about half, on average. When reprovisioned with food, most larvae resumed the normal trajectory of development and pupated within a month. Thus, retrogressive development is a mechanism that may favour species whose resources exhibit feast‐or‐famine dynamics. By enabling survival during periods of privation, retrogressive development contributes to the invasiveness of the khapra beetle by allowing them to persist for long periods in empty storage facilities or empty containers used for international grain shipments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses lexical borrowings from German into Czech. It is a continuation of our previous paper dealing with German-Czech language contact in Central Europe (Zeman, 2021). Due to the longstanding coexistence of the Czech and German/Austrian ethnic identities, many German/Austrian loan-words became domesticated in Czech. A significant language contact area in Central Europe is that based on the former centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From this contact area, a notable territory emerged in Vienna, particularly affected by the influence of Czech on German. Although there has been a high degree of ethnic mixing at various stages in history, there was never any real harm done to the essence of either of the two languages. A fascinating aspect is the parallel changes in pronunciation in both languages, for example, in vowel sounds and diphthongs. Today it is generally accepted that, to make these sound changes, both languages had to develop similar internal expectations and that these developed in parallel. The objective is to offer a brief description of morphological adaptation of German loan words in the south Moravian variety. The paper concludes that the morphological structures of diminution in the east Moravian variety are more differentiated than those of German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone deacetylase-8 (HDAC8) is a unique member of class I Zn2+-dependent metalloenzyme of the classical histone deacetylases owing to its highly structural and kinetic characterization. Of interest, the diminution in the expression level of HDAC8 and or the impaired activity of the enzyme has been correlated with various pathophysiological events, such as neuroblastoma cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLs) and other metabolic dysfunction. Notwithstanding, HDAC8 has been considered a high priority drug target, and because of the therapeutic benefits associated with HDAC8 inhibitors, the majority of the current research is geared toward searching for inhibitors of this enzyme. In addition, the potential for treating metabolic and age-related diseases by activation is gradually gaining attention. However, currently only a few researchers have reported on the biochemical significance of activators of HDAC8 and the information gathered further indicates that the combination of both activators and inhibitors could be a promising therapeutic strategy toward dissecting the role of HDAC8 in associated diseases. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to elaborate on the prospects of combining HDAC8 activators and inhibitors for disease treatments due to HDAC8 diminution or impaired activity.

Typically, all cells of a given organism have the same set of chromosomes. However, there are exceptions to this rule, and in many organisms, the somatic cells and germ cells, various types of somatic cells or organs, or females and males, have different genomes. One of the sources of such differences is chromosome/DNA elimination/chromatin diminution that is a naturally programmed phenomenon. We describe chromosome/DNA elimination in various organisms and present the current hypotheses on its origin, mechanisms, significance, and consequences. [Display omitted] • Chromosome/DNA elimination occurs in unicellular and multicellular organisms. • Chromosome/DNA elimination creates the difference between germline and soma. • Sex chromosome elimination creates the difference between sexes. • Chromosome/DNA elimination mechanisms differ between organisms. • Chromosome/DNA elimination is an evolutionarily very ancient phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemodynamic change takes place during procedures like laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation due to reflex sympathetic discharge caused by epipharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal stimulation before a surgery under general anesthesia. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of oral clonidine and intravenous lignocaine as premedicant to obtund the stress response due to such mandatory maneuvers. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, double dummy-controlled study was undertaken for 11 months at a tertiary care hospital in the eastern part of India. A total (n=100) patient aged 30 to 50 years of either sex with ASA I and II waiting for elective abdominal surgery were randomized into two equal groups. Group C (n=50) received (4μg/kg) of oral clonidine 90 minute before laryngoscopy and Group L (n=50) received 1.5 mg/kg lignocaine 3 minute before laryngoscopy as active drugs and appropriate placebos were administered as double dummy technique. Comparable demographic and baseline parameters like heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at various time intervals. Similar anesthesia technique applied was in both the study arm. Result: Attenuation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and mean arterial pressure was statistically highly significant (p

Black ripe olives contain significant levels of acrylamide. In this study, several mitigation strategies were assessed. The preservation time of olives before the darkening stage was evaluated in 18 batches of fruits of the Hojiblanca, Manzanilla, and Cacereña cultivars, and there was no observed influence on acrylamide formation due to the length of this period. Moreover, great variability was found among batches, with the level of acrylamide being lower in olives of the Cacereña cultivar (ca. 175 μg/kg) than in Hojiblanca (ca. 360 μg/kg) and Manzanilla (480 μg/kg). A reduction (13–20 %) of the acrylamide content was achieved by substituting the preservation brine/tap water mixture with only tap water during darkening. Also, extending the washing stage of pitted olives by up to 20 h instead of 0.5 h gave rise to a 17% reduction in the acrylamide content. The sterilization step was studied at 119, 121, 123, and 125 °C, and it was ruled out that a high temperature and short time process could contribute to a decrease in the level of acrylamide in olives. Surprisingly, the content of this compound in black ripe olives increased linearly up to 20 sterility units (F 0), remaining almost constant at higher sterilization intensity. • The acrylamide level depends on both cultivar and batch olive. • The previous preservation time does not influence the formation of acrylamide. • Only tap water must be used during the darkening process of black olives. • High temperature and low time processes did not originate lower acrylamide levels. • Increasing sterility to more than 20 F 0 did not produce more acrylamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at looking into the phenomenon of diminution in Arabic language as compared to affixes in English language in terms of structure and meaning. The study also investigates the relevance of diminutives in Arabic language to the problem of "differences in form" that Mona Baker discusses in her influential book, in Other Words. Baker argues that Arabic, among other languages, lacks a ready mechanism to overcome this equivalence problem of differences in form such as suffixes and prefixes at word level. By reference to benchmark books written by founding grammarians of Arabic language grammar and morphology as well as to recent relevant studies, the study concludes that diminutives in Arabic language possess a semantic and an aesthetic value and exhibit a host of meanings such as smallness, reduction, belittlement, endearment, approximation (time, distance), pity, and gentleness. Further, the study recommends that diminutive forms be incorporated as a strategy proposed to overcome the problem of differences in form, at some instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Trump-as-Infant trope is legion. This essay engages how infantilization constitutes comic diminution by dampening the magnitude of Donald J. Trump's presidency and blunting its rhetorical force via mockery and contempt. It does so by recasting an understanding of the rhetorical presidency through the lens of Trump's cartoon presidentialism. This essay conceptualizes reductio ad bairn, or the comic reduction to the infantile, as a particularly potent mode of capturing perversions in the Big Other of presidentialism and disavowals among a body politic that is stuck in a childish cycle of folding perceived oppressions and resentments into political fantasies. The concept of reductio ad bairn, which builds on Sigmund Freud's sense of the comicality in degradation (and, indeed, the degradations in comicality) and Jacques Lacan's sense of perversion, demonstrates how the specific trope of Baby Trump stands out as an exemplar of comic infantilization. Moreover, it magnifies the failures of using caricature in a manner that does little to demystify the petty tyrannies of an abject rhetorical presidency. This essay concludes with a critical reflection on the risks of overdoing these sorts of diminutions to the effect of diminishing the possibilities of rhetorical imagination in comic judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemodynamic change takes place during procedures like laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation due to reflex sympathetic discharge caused by epipharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal stimulation before a surgery under general anesthesia. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of oral clonidine and intravenous lignocaine as premedicant to obtund the stress response due to such mandatory maneuvers. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, double dummy-controlled study was undertaken for 11 months at a tertiary care hospital in the eastern part of India. A total (n=100) patient aged 30 to 50 years of either sex with ASA I and II waiting for elective abdominal surgery were randomized into two equal groups. Group C (n=50) received (4µg/kg) of oral clonidine 90 minute before laryngoscopy and Group L (n=50) received 1.5 mg/kg lignocaine 3 minute before laryngoscopy as active drugs and appropriate placebos were administered as double dummy technique. Comparable demographic and base line parameters like heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at various time intervals. Similar anesthesia technique applied was in both the study arm. Result: Attenuation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and mean arterial pressure was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001) more in Group C as compared to Group L within first vital 10 minutes of intubation. Conclusion: Oral clonidine attenuates the stress response better than intravenous lignocaine during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with minimum adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, the common law principle of in loco parentis entitles teachers, as the guardians in the school environment, to discipline learners. However, in view of new legislation advancing children’s rights, it is unclear as to the extent to which teachers can or do enact the loco parentis role. This study employed a qualitative research approach to explore public school teachers’ views related to disciplining learners. A convenience sample of eight teachers (four females and four males) was interviewed using a focus group strategy. A thematic data analysis was applied to identify strands emerging from the discussions. Findings suggest diminished teachers’ rights to discipline learners as characterised by learners’ lack of respect, morals and values, teacher safety and personal protection, teacher sense of disempowerment, poor classroom management and teaching strategies, and ineffective parental involvement.

In A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume presents an argument according to which all knowledge reduces to probability, and all probability reduces to nothing. Many have criticized this argument, while others find nothing wrong with it. In this paper we explain that the argument is invalid as it stands, but for different reasons than have been hitherto acknowledged. Once the argument is repaired, it becomes clear that there is indeed something that reduces to nothing, but it is something other than what, according to many, Hume had in mind. Thus two views emerge of what exactly it is that reduces. We surmise that Hume failed to distinguish the two, because he lacked the formal means to differentiate between a rendering of his argument that is in accordance with the probability calculus, and one that is not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the problem of identifying reliable information in the interpretation of the content of the lease as well as the valuation. A surveyor would hope to be able to give reliable guidance to their client but decisions at first instance have been unpredictable. The common law guidance is volatile, with even decisions of the Court of Appeal being reversed by the Supreme Court.1 The expected standard of repair is set out in the contract. Instances where this has been changed, adjusted or clarified in litigation are identified. The issues raised by improvements that are accepted as part of a repair are discussed, as well as those occasions where this has resulted in the proposed remedy not being the liability of the tenant. The varied approach to calculation of the diminution in value has often been 'judge-led' rather than valuer-driven. This has resulted in a variety of outcomes that have not always been predictable. The content of this paper deals with the position in England and Wales (save for the Building Regulations reference as Wales has its own Building Regulations). Scotland does not have the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 and there are also many other differences compared to English law. For that reason this paper does not refer to the position in Scotland. The boundaries of liability are important to establish but difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to encourage a discussion of how evaluative morphemes conform to the principles of iconicity and Construction Grammar through the examination of English Adj+ie/y nominalisations (e.g. brownie, softie). Our analysis of the Adj+ie/y paradigm investigates conceptual processes that employ these evaluative morphological forms. We propose a Bidirectional Conceptualisation Model (BCM) to demonstrate a templatic correlation between iconic morphological components and evaluative connotations, by means of which the suffix -ie/y is employed to instantiate a specific iconic value of the [[x-]A ie/y]N construction. The BCM incorporates the Diminution: Pejoration ↔ Endearment scale, which accounts for the semantic duality of appreciative and depreciative values realised by the morphological concept of diminution. The results of the study support the idea that superficially different functions realised by one and the same morphological form are related through interaction of Idealised Cognitive Models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veritas Luris is the property of Lazarski University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the strategies used to express diminution and augmentation in Bantu languages is the use of particular prefixes in the Bantu Languages' Noun Class System. Being one of the Bantu languages, Shinyiha has its ways of forming diminutives and augmentatives. Some of the ways coincide with those found in other Bantu languages. Yet other ways are unique to Shinyiha. To explore how diminution and augmentation processes are effected and their semantic basis in Shinyiha is the concern of this paper. The paper offers a description and discussion of diminution and augmentation in terms of what noun classes are used as well as what the diminutives and augmentatives mean in Shinyiha. In summary, the paper is concerned with the morphosyntactic and semantic basis of the two processes i.e. how the processes are morphosyntactically and semantically realized. Guérois, et al (2017) 'Parameters of Bantu morphosyntactic variation' are used to inform this paper, accounting for the morphosyntactic aspects of the paper. To explain the semantic basis of diminution and augmentation, Construal Operations proposed by Croft & Cruse (2004) are used. The findings indicate that in Shinyiha diminution is expressed by noun classes 7/8 and 12/13. On the other hand, augmentation is expressed by noun classes 3/4 and 5/6. In each case different meanings are expressed in addition to diminution and augmentation. It is concluded that diminution and augmentation have semantic basis as they form part of human communication strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2006 book by Branko Mitrović and Stephen R. Wassell, Andrea Palladio: Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese, which was based on a 2003 survey as well as supplementary measurements made in 2004, contains analyses that suggest several potential aspects of Palladio's design methodology for the villa. This present paper offers additional analyses, based not only on the previous data but also on subsequent measurements that the author took of column diminution as well as the ceiling heights of the main hall and the upper-story hall of the villa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The past few years have seen some helpful examples of dilapidations claims in practice and how the court will approach such cases. In addition to reviewing those, this paper will also outline some interesting developments in Scottish case law in relation to liquidated damages clauses. These developments may indicate the potential for change in how dilapidations claims are dealt with in England and Wales if appropriate lease provisions are included at the relevant time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, the common law principle of in loco parentis entitles teachers, as the guardians in the school environment, to discipline learners. However, in view of new legislation advancing children's rights, it is unclear as to the extent to which teachers can or do enact the loco parentis role. This study employed a qualitative research approach to explore public school teachers' views related to disciplining learners. A convenience sample of eight teachers (four females and four males) was interviewed using a focus group strategy. A thematic data analysis was applied to identify strands emerging from the discussions. Findings suggest diminished teachers' rights to discipline learners as characterised by learners' lack of respect, morals and values, teacher safety and personal protection, teacher sense of disempowerment, poor classroom management and teaching strategies, and ineffective parental involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author has studied the problems of the reproduction of stylistics in translation. Exam­ples of domestication in translation have been analysed on the basis of different Ukrainian translations of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn", two famous novels written by Mark Twain. The first Ukrainian translators of Mark Twain’s novels in the first decade of the 20th century were Maria Zahirnia and Nastia Hrinchenko, wife and daughter of the prominent Ukrainian writer, scholar, and public activist Borys Hrin­chenko. Their work was greatly influenced by the circumstances of the time (i.e., printing any translations into Ukrainian was banned in the Russian empire till 1905, no official body for the codification of the Ukrainian language existed, etc.). Later Ukrainian translations of the novel (Mytrofanov, Steshenko), together with Russian and Polish (by Chukovskii, Daruzes, Bilinski, and Tarnovski) were selected for comparative analysis with a consideration for their historical background. The linguistic and stylistic peculiarities of these translations have been studied. It is demonstrated that Zagirnya and Hrinchenko translations reproduce the origi­nal work quite exactly. Their translations have features of domestication and colloquialism, but at the same time, all important elements are fully reproduced. Their translations have a natural conversational tonality which corresponds to the original text. The later Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish translations under examination tend to keep to the norms of literary lan­guage to a greater extent. The level of domestication in these translations is lower (or even zero). Sometimes they include too-literary elements together with inadequate colloquial ones. Nevertheless, stylistically colored elements are successfully reproduced in these translations.