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Abstract:Problem Statement: Selmas City situated in West Azerbaijan province at coordinates 38° 12ʹ north and 44° 46ʹ and 40ʺ east experienced a significant earthquake almost a century ago. On Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, May 17, 1930, the city was struck by a powerful earthquake measuring M=7.4 on the Richter scale and 2.7 on the Geophysics Institute scale. This earthquake stood as one of the most devastating seismic events in the history of Azerbaijan and the broader Middle East region up until that time. The year 1930 became synonymous with seismic activity, earning the name "Selmas" in the annals of seismology. Objective: This research aimed to investigate and examine the impact of the May 1309 earthquake on the human geography, as well as the historical and ancient structures of Selmas City and its surrounding region. Methodology: This study adopted a fundamental research approach, employing a descriptive and analytical methodology. It relied on primary sources, such as documents, libraries, and field studies encompassing geology and earthquakes. Results: The findings of this research revealed that the Selmas earthquake had led to the destruction of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 villages within Selmas Plain and its vicinity. The extent of the damage extended from Selmas Plain to Qatur, Khoy, and Upper Zab Regions in Turkey. Alongside the loss of 2,500 to 4,000 lives, this earthquake had caused substantial damage to numerous historical and ancient structures throughout the entire Selmas Region.Keywords: Selmas, Azerbaijan, Historical Building, Earthquake. Introduction:Nearly a century ago, on May 16, 1930, the city of Selmas experienced an earthquake measuring M=5.5 at 10:00 in the morning. This initial earthquake resulted in the destruction of several villages and caused damage to the roofs and walls of rural houses. However, the most significant event occurred later that night, marking the main earthquake. At midnight on Tuesday or the morning of Wednesday, May 17, 1930, a powerful earthquake measuring M=7.4 struck Selmas, leading to the catastrophic destruction of the city and the majority of its surrounding villages. This earthquake stood as one of the most devastating seismic events in the Azerbaijan region, resulting in the complete devastation of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 villages within Selmas Plain and its periphery. The human casualties of this earthquake ranged between 2,500 and 4,000 lives lost. The impact was not limited to human life as numerous ancient and historical structures in Selmas fell victim to the disaster. The 4-meter wall of Dilmaqan City, mosques, Christian churches, the medieval minarets of Mirkhatun in the old city, and many old bridges were among the structures destroyed. The earthquake caused significant changes in the natural, human, and historical geography of Selmas Region. Materials & Methods:The methodology employed in this study was based on both descriptive and analytical methods, drawing upon primary sources, such as historical and geographical texts, official reports, accounts from local residents, and field studies encompassing geology and earthquakes. Research Findings:The findings presented in this research were derived from a comprehensive review of historical literature and localized investigations. The significant and devastating earthquake that struck Selmas in the year 1309 stood out as one of the most destructive seismic events in Azerbaijan Region. Occurring 15 hours after the initial pre-earthquake tremor, the main earthquake took place at midnight on Tuesday or the morning of Wednesday, May 17. Its impact resulted in the complete destruction of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 surrounding villages within Selmas Plain and the adjacent areas. The extent of devastation extended from Selmas Plain to the village of Qatur and the Upper Zab Road in Turkey, leading to the tragic loss of 2,500 to 4,000 lives in Selmas. This article delved into the examination of the morphological changes and transformations caused by Selmas Earthquake, as well as the extent of damage inflicted upon ancient monuments in Selmas Region. Discussion of Results & Conclusion:The period following the Safavid era was marked by instability, resulting in a scarcity of significant archaeological monuments in Selmas Area. If any structures existed, they were likely constructed during the Qajar era, but unfortunately, they were largely destroyed in the aftermath of the First World War. Analysis of the ancient remnants in Selmas indicated that the structures situated in mountainous regions, such as ancient castles and Urartoi crypts, or those constructed using stone exhibited relatively good resistance against the powerful Selmas earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2. However, all the structures made of clay and other similar materials vanished.The Selmas earthquake of such magnitude brought about significant changes to the tectonic, seismotectonic, and geomorphological aspects of Selmas Region and the enduring impact of these changes is evident to this day. Notable transformations included the destruction of urban infrastructure, damage to residential areas, formation of earthquake faults and land fissures, hill collapses, landslides within the region, fluctuations in the water level of Lake Urmia accompanied by violent waves, alterations in the water level of wells, and emergence of water springs (Bolaghi Earthquake).Approximately two weeks after the city's devastation, a new city was established one kilometer away from the ruins of the earthquake-stricken city in the present location of Selmas. This new city was meticulously designed with proper urban planning and engineering, following a grid pattern. Today, little remains of the ruins of the earthquake-stricken city as they have been repurposed for agricultural and residential use.

Abstract The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in Iranian adults by demographic characterization, geographical distribution, and associated risk factors using national and sub-national representative samples of the STEPs 2021 survey in Iran. In this population-based household survey, a total of 18,119 individuals aged over 25 years provided blood samples for biochemical analysis. Dyslipidemia was defined by the presence of at least one of the lipid abnormalities of hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 150 mg/dL), hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dL), high LDL-C (≥ 130 mg/dL), and low HDL-C (

Exosomes are an important group of extracellular vesicles that transfer several kinds of biomolecules and facilitate cell-cell communication. The content of exosomes, particularly the amounts of microRNA (miRNAs) inside these vesicles, demonstrates a disease-specific pattern reflecting pathogenic processes and may be employed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. miRNAs may enter recipient cells through exosomes and generate a RISC complex that can cause degradation of the target mRNAs or block translation of their corresponding proteins. Therefore, exosome-derived miRNAs constitute an important mechanism of gene regulation in recipient cells. The miRNA content of exosomes can be used as an important tool in the detection of diverse disorders, particularly cancers. This research field has an important situation in cancer diagnosis. In addition, exosomal microRNAs offer a great deal of promise in the treatment of human disorders. However, there are still certain challenges to be resolved. The most important challenges are as follow: the detection of exosomal miRNAs should be standardized, exosomal miRNAs-associated studies should be conducted in large number of clinical samples, and experiment settings and detection criteria should be consistent across different labs. The goal of this article is to present an overview of the effects of exosome-derived microRNAs on a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal, pulmonary, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, with a particular emphasis on malignancies.

PurposeWe aimed to investigate empty sella syndrome in somatotrophic pituitary adenoma for possible etiology, complications, and treatment options.MethodAmong over 2,000 skull base masses that have been managed in our center since 2013, we searched for growth hormone-producing adenomas. Clinical, surgical, and imaging data were retrospectively collected from hospital records to check for sella that lacked pituitary tissue on routine imaging.ResultIn 220 somatotrophic adenomas, 23 patients had an empty sella with surgical and follow-up data. The mean age of the sample was 46 years with the same male-to-female ratio. Five cases had partial empty sella and the rest were complete empty sellas. The most common simultaneous hormonal disturbance was high prolactin levels. Six had adenoma invasion into the clivus or sphenoid sinus and 10 had cavernous sinus intrusion. Peri-operative low-flow and high-flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks were encountered in one and two patients, respectively, which were successfully sealed by abdominal fat. The majority of cases required growth hormone replacement therapy while it was controlled without any replacement therapy in nine patients. No pituitary hormonal disturbance occurred after transsphenoidal surgery except for hypothyroidism in one patient.ConclusionAn empty sella filled with fluid can be detected frequently in pituitary adenomas, especially in the setting of acromegaly. The pituitary gland may be pushed to the roof of the sella and might be visible as a narrow rim on imaging or may be detected in unusual places out of the sella. The pathophysiology behind such finding originates from soft and hard tissue changes and CSF pressure alternations during abundant growth hormone production.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the interaction of users (graduate students of Kharazmi University) with Ganj database in order to evaluate the performance of this database according to the honeycomb user experience model. It is expected that the results of this study can help to solve the existing interactive difficulties while identifying the status of effective elements in the user experience in interacting with this database. This research is practical and was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire that was designed using 7 components of the honeycomb: the usefulness, accessibility, usability, searchability, validity, desirability and value of the Iranian scientific database (Ganj). Analysis of research data were performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. Also we used Amos software to confirm the research model using path analysis method. Findings showed that there was a great positive effect between accessibility and usability, usefulness and availability, desirability and credibility of the Ganj database; that is, with increasing the amount of accessibility variable, the amount of usability variable and with increasing the amount of utility variable, the amount of accessibility variable and vice versa increases. As a result, if the Ganj database is not accessible, the usability and usefulness of this database, which aims to publish information for researchers, as well as the usefulness of the services provided to researchers by this database will be reduced. As the desirability variable increases, the validity variable increases and vice versa. As a result, if students are dissatisfied with the features of desirability (appearance design, design capabilities of search components ...), their trust in the database will be lost and the credibility of the Ganj database in providing better services will be reduced. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the variable "value" as a strong and powerful variable has a direct and indirect positive effect on other research variables. This finding shows that if a database like Ganj does not create value for users, other components related to the user experience will not be in a good condition, and vice versa. Among these, the accessibility variable is also of special importance, which affects other variables in the Ganj database. As a result of not having access to the Ganj database, the usability of this database is reduced. If the capabilities of using the Ganj database are compromised, the credibility and usefulness of the Ganj will be reduced, and therefore users will lose their trust in this database, and the work with Ganj will not be satisfactory and useful for its users.

AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative and applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research and training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, and they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, and then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package and AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, and style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, and structural elements. Environmental factors include environment and innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, and human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, and technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized and categorized in a conceptual classification that has not been seen in the previous research.

Abstract In nanotechnology, compounds containing metal materials are used in pharmaceutical sciences. The main purpose of this research was to introduce a novel method to control the amount of zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) in water by forming a protective layer such as layered double hydroxide (LDH). Firstly, ZIF was synthesised as the nucleus of the nanocomposite, and then LDH was formed by in situ synthesis as a protective layer. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller techniques were used to determine (ZIF‐8@LDH chemical structure and morphology. Our findings revealed that the ZIF‐8@LDH‐MTX complex could interact with carboxyl groups and trivalent cations by creating a bifurcation bridge, clarity, and high thermal stability. The antibacterial test indicated that ZIF‐8@LDH was able to inhibit pathogenic growth. 2,5‐Diphenyl‐2H‐Tetrazolium Bromide assay results showed that ZIF‐8@LDH alone had no notable cytotoxic effect on Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) cancer cells. However, the cytotoxicity rate was significantly increased in treated MCF‐7 cells with ZIF‐8@LDH‐MTX compared to that of treated cells with methotrexate alone, which can be reasoned by the protection of drug structure and increasing its permeability. The drug release profile was constant at pH = 7.4. All findings indicated that the ZIF‐8@LDH complex could be considered a newly proposed solution for effective anti‐cancer drug delivery.

Background: The Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) is a type of cystic growth that is benign, circular, and well-defined with an incidence rate of 4 %. This study aims to identify a useful diagnostic imaging sign that can aid in the differentiation of RCC from other cystic lesions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 42 symptomatic RCC patients who were referred to our facility between 2016 and 2023. The data for the study were obtained from our electronic database. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed using a 1.5-T superconducting magnetic scanner. All patients underwent endonasal transsphenoidal surgical resection. All MRIs were reviewed and evaluated by a neurosurgeon and a neuroradiologist. Results: There were 8 (19 %) males and 34 (81 %) females with a mean age of 37.2-years. Our study identified a distinct imaging characteristic in 38 of the cases, which we have named the “vertical triband flag sign”, due to the growth of the cyst developing a specific appearance. The flag sign was mostly observed only in the T1-images (71.5 %), while in four cases the sign was spotted only in T2-images, and in four cases it appeared in both T1 and T2. In 4 cases, the flag sign was not observed in which further investigations revealed that these cases were suprasellar or small sellar RCCs. The dot sign, which is a characteristic finding in RCCs was only observed in one of our cases. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of RCCs may be facilitated by utilizing the vertical triband flag sign.

Summary: Angiolipomas are uncommon neoplasms of the central nervous system. They are found in the intracranial region and usually originate from the midline sellar area. In this case report, we present the clinical findings of a 69-year-old female patient who experienced progressive bilateral vision loss and headaches. Subsequent postoperative diagnosis confirmed the presence of an angiolipoma. Given the highly vascular nature of these tumors, peri-operative hemorrhagic events are a concerning complication, as was observed in this particular case. In addition to our findings, we conducted a review of previous reports on this rare condition, with a specific focus on complications.

Key Clinical Message Pilomatricoma is a benign proliferative lesion of skin appendages that often affects the head, upper limbs, and lower limbs. The clinical appearance of the lesions is that of asymptomatic nodules measuring less than 3 cm. pathologically, these skin lesions show the presence of basaloid cell islands, eosinophilic cytoplasmic cells without nuclei, as well as hemorrhage and calcification. In this study, we present the case of an 8‐year‐old girl with a 5 × 5 cm skin lesion on the forearm, which lacked the typical firmness associated with pilomatricoma lesions during examination. After biopsy, the lesion was confirmed to be pilomatricoma. Furthermore, we have reviewed studies documenting pilomatricoma lesions with atypical clinical features. Based on reports of different clinical manifestations of pilomatricoma in these studies, we suggest that the clinical diagnosis of pilomatricoma should not be limited to the typical presentation of these lesions. In cases where the lesions exceed 3 cm in size, display cystic characteristics, are painful, or resemble keloids, consideration should also be given to the possibility of pilomatricoma.