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Objectives In this article, we aimed to evaluate the most recent information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of mothers and their babies. Methods We conducted a literature search by utilizing online sources. Scientific papers that were written in English on the effects of COVID-19 on both mother and their newborn were assessed. Results COVID-19 can be fatal, especially in pregnant women with accompanying chronic diseases. The timing and mode of delivery should be decided by the status of the mother and fetus instead of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in pregnant women. At the nursery, routine separation of SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers and their infants is not recommended. However, it is important to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of transmission. The advantages of breastfeeding seem to outweigh the potential dangers of viral transmission. Neonatal COVID-19 infections may cause different clinical pictures from asymptomatic infections to life-threatening diseases. International health authorities specifically recommend that pregnant and lactating women get vaccinated to diminish the risk of transmission of the virus to the mother and fetus, not giving preference to a certain vaccine. It is prudent to apply universal screening only in populations with a high prevalence of COVID-19. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should carefully manage the perinatal period during the COVID-19 outbreak, using the most up-to-date information to protect and promote maternal and newborn health. Further scientific studies are needed to clarify the early and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Many studies have been conducted to determine the most reliable technique for evaluating the position of the endotracheal tube in patients receiving mechanical ventilation support. In this study, we aimed to determine the endotracheal tube position by ultrasonography in intubated patients with a diagnosis of critical CHD followed in the neonatal ICU. Methods: In this prospective observational clinical study, we performed point-of-care ultrasound for endotracheal tube localisation in 65 intubated newborns with critical CHD. After routine radiography, each patient underwent point-of-care ultrasound examination with a portable ultrasonography device for endotracheal tube end-carina measurement. Endotracheal tube end-carina measurements on chest radiographs were compared with ultrasound images. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight were 37.8 ± 2.19 weeks and 2888 ± 595 g, respectively. Ultrasound images were obtained after an average of 2.08 ± 1.6 hours from the radiographs. The average ultrasound time allocated to each patient was 5 minutes. The mean endotracheal tube tip-to-carina distance on chest X-ray and ultrasound were optimally 1.33 ± 0.64 cm and 1.43 ± 0.67 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference between chest X-ray and ultrasound measurements in endotracheal tube end-carina distance values evaluated by the Bland–Altman method (mean difference 0.10 cm, p = 0.068). There was a linear correlation between the endotracheal tube tip-carina distance in ultrasound and radiography evaluation (r2 = 0.60, p < 0.001). Conclusion: It has been concluded that critical CHDs are frequently accompanied by vascular anomalies, and the endotracheal tube tip-carina distance measurement can be used by determining the carina section as a guide point in the ultrasonographic evaluation of the endotracheal tube location in this patient population.

Kesintili aortik ark (KAA) neonatal dönemde bulgu veren oldukça karmaşık ve yönetimi zor bir konjenital kalp hastalığıdır (KKH). Bu vakalarda, çıkan ve inen aorta arasında anatomik ve luminal kesinti vardır. KAA, geçmişte mortalitesi yüksek olan ancak günümüzde yaşam beklentisi giderek artan bir kardiyak anomalidir. KAA’nın tedavisi cerrahi olarak arkus tamiri yapılmasıdır. Sol ventrikül çıkım yolu (LVOT) darlığının eşlik etmesi daha komplike cerrahi teknikleri uygulanmasını gerektirir. Bu yazıda tip B KAA ve LVOT darlığı nedeniyle Yasui prosedürü uygulanan ve postoperatif 12. günden sonra yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen bir bebeğin yoğun bakım sürecinden yola çıkarak kardiyak hasta izlem ilkeleri tartışılmaktadır. Açık kalp cerrahisi yapılan bebek hastaların yönetimi konusundaki deneyimlerin kardiyak bakım ile ilgilenen yenidoğan hemşire ve doktor ekipleri için yararlı olması amaçlanmıştır.

Objective The causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome is a new type of coronavirus infection called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which has spread around the world. COVID-19 is thought to rarely affect infants, so pandemic planning focuses on adults. This study aimed to share our 1-year experience with COVID-19-positive newborns in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design Hospitalized newborns after a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 were evaluated in this retrospective, cohort study between March 2020 and March 2021. The clinical course, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and outcomes of affected newborns were collected from medical records. Results Eleven COVID-19-diagnosed newborns were analyzed in our study. Four (36.6%) patients had contact with a COVID-19-positive individual in their families. The main symptoms were fever (81.8%), hypoxemia (63.6%), and tachypnea (63.6%). Bacterial coinfection was identified in two newborns. Aortic coarctation was detected as an accompanied disease by a newborn who was referred to our hospital with a suspicion of congenital heart disease and two patients had a bacterial coinfection. We did not detect any cases of neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome. All patients were discharged in good health. None of the newborns had any complications and repeated infection with another variant during the first-year follow-up. Conclusion Contrary to popular belief, newborns are a sensitive age group for COVID-19 and need a high rate of hospitalization. Congenital heart diseases and coinfections should not be overlooked in COVID-19-infected newborns. The acquired immunity due to COVID-19 infection protects newborns from recurrent COVID-19 infections in their first year of life. The absence of COVID-19-positive individual in the family in most cases suggests that PCR-negative adults may also play a role in the transmission of the disease. Key Points

Objective:Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common causes of birth defects that have increased the risk of infections. Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition and early diagnosis can be life-saving. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of the systemic immune-inflammatory index in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 166 newborns with a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis who were admitted to our hospital with CHD between January 2017 and June 2021. Haematological indices including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammatory index were calculated for all patients at the time of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis (sepsis). The sepsis values of these indices were compared with the admission values (pre-sepsis) of the patients.Results:The mean gestational age and birth weight of the patients were 38.36 ± 1.42 weeks and 3057.75 ± 484.68 g. It was found that absolute neutrophil count, systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, but not platelet/lymphocyte ratio were significantly increased at the time of sepsis. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and absolute neutrophil count have predictive ability to define neonatal sepsis among newborns with CHD. The systemic immune-inflammatory index produced an area under the curve receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (70% sensitivity, 70.5% specificity). To discriminate neonatal sepsis, the cut-off values of systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and absolute neutrophil count were 517.19, 2.62, and 9210/mm3, respectively.Conclusion:As an easily accessible and reliable indicator, systemic immune-inflammatory index may be used in combination with the other parameters in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Objective: Supraventricular tachycardia, one of the most common conditions requiring emergency cardiac intervention in newborns, is also the most common symptomatic tachyarrhythmia in newborns. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment approach is important. Method: Demographic findings, clinical findings, and treatment approaches of newborns hospitalized with the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia between January 2011 and November 2020 in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Thirty-eight patients without congenital heart disease (except secundum-type atrial septal defect) and diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia were evaluated retrospectively. The mean week of gestation was 38.2 ± 1.8, the mean age at diagnosis was 10.7 ± 10.1 days, the number of patients with heart failure was 8 (21%), the number of patients with Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome was 8 (21%), the number of patients with fetal arrhythmia was 6 (15.7%) and the mean number of hospitalization days was 15.7±13.5. The patients were given adenosine in the first stage and propranolol, amiodarone, propafenone and flecainide in the second stage as medical treatment. Cardioversion was performed in 5 (13%) patients due to resistant supraventricular tachycardia. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia are very important in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we think that increasing awareness of supraventricular tachycardia among clinicians following newborn babies will enable newborns with supraventricular tachycardia to receive early diagnosis and treatment., Objective: Supraventricular tachycardia, one of the most common conditions requiring emergency cardiac intervention in newborns, is also the most common symptomatic tachyarrhythmia in newborns. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment approach is important.Method: Demographic findings, clinical findings, and treatment approaches of newborns hospitalized with the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia between January 2011 and November 2020 in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were evaluated retrospectively.Results: Thirty-eight patients without congenital heart disease (except secundum-type atrial septal defect) and diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia were evaluated retrospectively. The mean week of gestation was 38.2 ± 1.8, the mean age at diagnosis was 10.7 ± 10.1 days, the number of patients with heart failure was 8 (21%), the number of patients with Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome was 8 (21%), the number of patients with fetal arrhythmia was 6 (15.7%) and the mean number of hospitalization days was 15.7±13.5. The patients were given adenosine in the first stage and propranolol, amiodarone, propafenone and flecainide in the second stage as medical treatment. Cardioversion was performed in 5 (13%) patients due to resistant supraventricular tachycardia.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia are very important in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we think that increasing awareness of supraventricular tachycardia among clinicians following newborn babies will enable newborns with supraventricular tachycardia to receive early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective Aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII; neutrophil × platelet [PLT]/lymphocyte) in the prediction of renal involvement in newborns with urinary tract infection (UTI). Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 117 newborns with a gestational age greater than 35 weeks and hospitalized in the NICU. Laboratory values obtained from blood samples taken before the initiation of antibiotics were evaluated for renal function tests, complete blood count, and acute phase reactants. The ratios of platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), and SII were calculated. The patients were divided into two main groups according to the presence of urinary tract pathology in ultrasonography (US): group 1, UTI with renal involvement (n = 43) and group 2, UTI without renal involvement (n = 74). Predictive values of different tests were compared. Results The mean white blood cell, PLT, mean PLT volume, and neutrophile counts were higher, while lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in group 1 than those of group 2. Interleukin 6 (IL-6; pg/mL; IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/L), NLR, PLR, and SII values were also higher in group 1. Receiver operating characteristics curve showed that SII, CRP, IL-6, PLR, and NLR have a predictive ability to discriminate renal involvement from normal renal findings in newborns with UTI. The SII produced an area under curve of 0.75 (72% sensitivity and 60.8% specificity). To define renal involvement, the cut-off values of SII, CRP, IL-6, PLR, and NLR were 217, 3.06, 23, 65.5, and 0.60, respectively. Conclusion Our results showed that SII might be used as an additional parameter in the prediction of renal involvement in newborns with UTIs. Further studies are required. Key Points

BACKGROUND Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common birth defects. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, and probiotics can be used to protect NEC. CASE REPORT We present a term infant with aortic coarctation who developed sepsis with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG after probiotic use, successfully treated with ampicillin. The baby unfortunately died of acute cardiac arrest on the 90th day of life. CONCLUSION Probiotic-associated sepsis may develop in infants with various risk factors such as central catheterization, long-term mechanical ventilation and in those at risk for NEC.

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of astaxanthin (AST) and resveratrol (RVT) on multiorgan damage in an animal model of the supraceliac aortic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods In this study, 28 rats (n = 7/group), 200 to 250 g in weight, were randomized to four groups (1: Sham, 2: Control + I/R, 3: AST + I/R, and 4: RVT + I/R). Following the abdominal incision, aortic dissection was performed in the sham group without injury. Other groups underwent I/R injury via supraceliac aortic clamping (20 minutes) and reperfusion. The rats were administered olive oil (3 mL/kg) orally for 2 weeks before and 1 week after the laparotomy. Additionally, oral AST (10 mg/kg) or RVT (50 mg/kg) was given to the study groups. All rats were sacrificed on the 3rd week of the experiment after blood samples were taken for analysis. Multiple rat tissues were removed. Results We found that RVT increased total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and decreased total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while AST increased the levels of TAS, decreased TNF-α, MDA, TOS, and OSI (p Conclusion Our study suggests that AST and RVT might show therapeutic effects against oxidative tissue damage and apoptosis in an animal model of aortic I/R. Further studies are required. Key Points

Amac: Respiratuar sinsityal virus enfeksiyonu (RSV) nedeniyle yenidogan yogun bakim unitesine (YYBU) yatan bebeklerin ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV) duzeylerinde meydana gelen degisiklikleri belirlemek. Ayrica bu degisikliklerin hastaligin siddeti, hastanede kalis suresi ve Silverman Anderson solunum siddeti skoru (SAS) ile iliskili olup olmadiginin degerlendirilmesi amaclandi. Materyal ve metodlar: Bu retrospektif calismada, hasta grubu YYBU'de RSV enfeksiyonu tanisi almis ≥34 gebelik haftasinda dogan yenidogan bebeklerden, kontrol grubu ise RSV enfeksiyonu olmayan saglikli yenidoganlardan olusuyordu. Olgularin MPV degerleri RSV olan ve olmayan gruplar arasinda karsilastirildi. Bulgular: RSV olan gruptaki MPV duzeyi kontrol grubundan anlamli olarak dusuktu (p 0.05). Calisma hastalarinda SAS’lari ile MPV duzeyleri arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir iliski bulunmadi (p

Objective: Pneumonia, is an important infection of the newborn period and clinic status goes with inflammation of the lungs. Every newborn with respiratory distress should be carefully evaluated for pneumonia. Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis is involved in many mechanisms such as antioxidant protection, apoptosis, regulation of enzyme activity and detoxification. The aim of this study is to determine the thiol-disulfide homeostasis in neonatal pneumonia.Material and Methods: We included data of a total of 80 cases in study, 40 patients with neonatal pneumonia and 40 healthy cases in control group admitted to hospital between January 2019- January 2020. Physical examination findings, blood count and biochemistry results, chest radiography, blood culture and viral PCR results were recorded in the patient group. Disulfide, native thiol and total thiol levels of all cases were determined and their rates were calculated. Pearson’s chi-square test, Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney-U test were used for statistical analysis, and p0.05). Before treatment disulfide levels were higher than native and total thiol levels in the patients with pneumonia and we have seen decreased disulfide levels after treatment (p, Amaç: Yenidoğan döneminin önemli enfeksiyonlarından biri olan pnömoni akciğerlerin enflamasyonu ile giden bir klinik tablodur. Solunum sıkıntısı olan her yenidoğan pnömoni açısından dikkatli değerlendirilmelidir. Dinamik tiyol-disülfid homeostazı antioksidan koruma, apoptoz, enzim aktivitesinin düzenlenmesi ve detoksifikasyon gibi birçok mekanizmada rol almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile yenidoğan dönemi pnömoni hastalarında tiyol-disülfid dengesini belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2019- Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında pnömoni tanısı ile yatırılan 40 olgu ve kontrol grubu olarak yenidoğan polikliniğinde değerlendirilen 40 sağlıklı yenidoğan bebek, toplam 80 olgu alındı. Hasta grubunda tüm olguların fizik muayene bulguları, tam kan sayımı ve biyokimya sonuçları, akciğer grafisi, kan kültürü ve viral PCR sonuçları kaydedildi. Tüm olguların disülfid, nativ tiyol ve total tiyol değerleri çalışıldı ve oranları hesaplandı. İstatistik metodu olarak Ki-Kare testi, Independent t-testi ve Mann-Whitney-U testi kullanıldı. Çalışmada p˂0,05 değeri anlamlı olarak kabul edildi.Bulgular: Gruplar arasında cinsiyet dağılımı, doğum şekli, gebelik haftası ve doğum ağırlığı ortalaması açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p˃0,05). Pnömoni grubunda tedavi öncesi disülfid düzeyinin nativ ve total tiyol düzeylerine oranı yüksek iken tedavi sonrası düştüğü tespit edildi (p˂0,05). Pnömoni grubunda tedavi öncesi disülfid düzeyinin nativ ve total tiyol düzeylerine oranı kontrol grubuna göre yüksek iken(p˂0,05), tedavi sonrası oranların kontrol grubu ile benzer olduğu görüldü.Sonuç: Bu çalışmadaki pnömoni hastalarında tedavi öncesi disülfid düzeyindeki artış ile birlikte serum nativ tiyol ve total tiyol oranlarının düşüklüğü oksidatif stresi gösterirken, tedavi sonrası tiyol düzeylerinin kontrol grubundaki gibi yüksek bulunması oksidatif stresin gerilediğini göstermektedir. Çok düşük serum düzeyleri ile çalışılabilen tiyol-disülfid dengesi tanı ve tedavi takibinde destekleyici olacaktır.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the role of melatonin and spirulina on multiorgan damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR) in a rat model. A total of 32 male rats weighing 200-220 g were allocated into 4 groups (n = 8/group) (Sham, Control-IR [CIR], Melatonin-IR [MIR], and Spirulina-IR [SIR]). Sham group underwent midline laparotomy and dissection of the aorta without injury. In other groups, an IR model was established by clamping (ischemia) and releasing (reperfusion) the abdominal aorta at the supraceliac level for 20 min. All rats were given 3 ml/kg of distilled water by gavage for 14 days before and 7 days after the experiment. The treatment groups received either melatonin (50 mg/kg) or spirulina (50 mg/kg) by the same route. On the 21st day of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed. We found that melatonin and spirulina ameliorated the effects of IR at different levels of significance (ranging from p = .01 to p < .001), increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase levels, and decreasing total oxidant status, oxidative stress index (OSI), myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alfa and malondialdehyde levels. When compared MIR and SIR groups, only TAC and OSI levels did differ in favor of melatonin between the groups (p < .05). Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations showed that melatonin and spirulina similarly reduced IR-related tissue damage and apoptosis. We concluded that melatonin and spirulina may have a protective role against oxidative tissue damage and apoptosis in the abdominal aortic IR animal model. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Coarctation of aorta (CoA) and interrupted aortic arch (IAA) are serious cardiac defects with high morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early in life. Restoration of blood flow in CoA or IAA through prostaglandin E1 infusion, angioplasty or surgery can cause ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. This reperfusion period may be complicated IR injury at remote organs. It may be beneficial to increase antioxidant capacity in preventing stress-induced tissue damage. Melatonin and spirulina are agents with strong antioxidant properties. In this animal research, protective role of these products on multiorgan damage induced by IR was investigated for the first time. We found that both melatonin and spirulina ameliorate the effects of IR to varying degrees. This study provides evidence that melatonin and spirulina may have preventive effects on oxidative tissue damage and apoptosis in the abdominal aortic IR animal model.

Objective Vasoactive-inotropic Score (VIS) was developed to quantify the amount of inotropic support provided in the postoperative period. We investigated the predictive value of (VIS) for mortality in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD). Study design Prospective cohort. Patients 119 newborns who underwent cardiac surgery. Setting Tertiary NICU-CHD center of Ankara from November 2016 to January 2019. Intervention/Measurement VIS values were calculated by a standard formula for the first 72 postoperative hours, and the maximum score was recorded. Primary outcomes Duration of mechanical ventilation, NICU length of stay, and mortality. Results At surgery, the median (IQR) age was 15 d (9-31). The patients were divided into two groups according to mortality; Group 1 (Non-survivors) (n=36) and Group 2 (Survivors) (n=83). Higher VIS score was correlated to longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P=0.009, r=0.33), and was higher among patients who died (P=0.003). Area under the curve (AUC) was 0,83 (P15.5) was independently associated with increased odds for mortality (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.8-35.7, P=0.005). Conclusions In newborns with CHD, a higher VIS within 72 hours after cardiac surgery is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality. VIS may be useful for prediction of mortality at early postoperative period.

The thiol-disulfide homeostasis is essential for the body to maintain effective antioxidant defense mechanisms. We aimed to show the relationship between sepsis and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in newborns.In this prospective study, 66 newborns with sepsis (group 1) and 51 healthy controls (group 2) were included. In group 1, 53 newborns were diagnosed as clinical sepsis (group 1a) and 13 as definite sepsis (group 1b). The study has two time points; the day of diagnosis (step 1) and three days after the treatment (step 2). At step 1, group 1 and group 2 were compared for thiol-disulfide homeostasis as well as inflammatory markers. At step 2, the same laboratory tests were repeated only in group 1.At step 1, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were higher, while native thiol and total thiol levels were lower in group 1 compared to controls. Serum disulfide/total thiol ratio was also significantly higher in group 1. When analyzed for subgroups of group 1, demonstration of microorganism did not affect the serum thiol levels. Within group 1, at step 2, although CRP and IL-6 levels were significantly lowered compared to step 1, we did not observe significant changes in thiol-disulfide parameters.The thiol-disulfide homeostasis may have a role in the pathogenesis of sepsis in newborns. The related parameters might be new markers for the diagnosis of sepsis in newborn patients. Further studies are needed to define the role of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the course of neonatal sepsis.

Hemodynamic instability is frequent in high-risk infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. However, monitoring and treatment strategies of those conditions might show variations among the units. Different factors can compromise hemodynamic status in preterm/ term infants. Treatment options mostly include volume replacement, inotropes and/or vasopressors (dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine and milrinone) and hydrocortisone. In general, these treatments are driven by predetermined protocols, which are not patient-based. According to the current knowledge, a physiology-driven approach that takes the individual characteristics of the newborn into consideration is accepted to be more suitable. In neonatal hemodynamics, important determinants are cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, blood pressure, regional tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The novel technological methods, "targeted neonatal echocardiography" and "near-infrared spectroscopy" can help to delineate the underlying pathophysiology better, when added to the clinical assessment. In this review, strategies for the assessment of neonatal hemodynamics, as well as etiology, monitoring, and treatment of hemodynamic instability in preterm and term infants are presented.

Central diabetes is an infrequent complication reported in the neonatal period.CDI as a complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) sepsis and meningitis in a 9-day-old boy is presented. The CDI developed on day 3 after admission and was controlled with nasal vasopressin on the 20th day of admission. Despite antibiotic support, the child died from Acinetobacter sepsis at 4 months of age, but the CDI was well controlled.Newborns with bacterial meningitis can develop CDI as a sequalae. Treatment of the CDI with nasal vasopressin can be successful in this period. To our knowledge, this is the first newborn of CDI associated with S. pneumoniae meningitis.

OBJECTIVE Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a useful method for diagnosis of lung diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, pneumonia, and pneumothorax in the neonatal period. LUS has become an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung diseases. LUS is easy to apply at the bedside and is a practical and low-cost method for diagnosing pneumonia. STUDY DESIGN This study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics, Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital. From September 2019 to April 2020, 50 patients who were diagnosed with viral pneumonia were included in the study. Also, 24 patients with sepsis-related respiratory failure were included in the study as a control group. LUS was performed at the bedside three times, by a single expert, once each before treatment for diagnosis, on discharge, and after discharge in outpatient clinic control. RESULTS Before treatment, LUS findings were lung consolidation with air bronchograms (50/50), pleural line abnormalities (35/50), B-pattern (25/50), disappearance of lung sliding (21/50), lung pulse (5/50), and pleural effusion (9/50). During discharge, we found significant changes: lung consolidation with air bronchograms (6/50), pleural line abnormalities (7/50), B-pattern (12/50), and pleural effusion (1/50) (p

Objectives We aimed to evaluate total serum calcium (TSC) and ionized serum calcium (ISC) levels and their effects on clinical outcomes in neonates underwent exchange transfusion (ET). Method In this study, the data of newborn infants who underwent ET due to hyperbilirubinemia in a third level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were monitored by electrocardiogram during ET. Cardiac and respiratory rates, peripheral oxygen saturation, blood pressure values ​​and clinical findings as convulsion, tremor, hypertonia, laryngospasm, cyanosis and apnea were recorded in ET observation forms. The infants with no symptoms of hypocalcemia during the procedure were not routinely given IV calcium gluconate. TSC and ISC measured at the beginning, at the end and 24 h after the end of ET were evaluated retrospectively. Results Data of 36 newborn patients were evaluated. Median gestational age was 39 (35−40) weeks, mean birthweight was 2840 ± 841 (mean ± SD) grams. During the ET, desaturation was observed in five patients(13.9 %), sinus bradycardia in six(16.7 %), tachypnea in two(5.5 %), sinus tachycardia in one(2.8 %), and rare ventricular extrasystoles in one(2.8 %). Hypocalcaemia was not detected in any of the patients at the beginning of ET. Hypocalcemia was observed in two cases (5.5 %) at the end of ET. There was no statistically significant difference between the TSC and ISC levels at the beginning of ET, at the end and at the end of 24 h. Conclusion As a result, routine intravenous (IV) calcium administration seems to be unnecessary provided that vital signs and neurological status are closely monitored during ET.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease that can cause significant complications in the neonatal period. The thiol-disulfide homeostasis is one of the important antioxidant defense mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between UTI and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in newborns.In this prospective study, 40 newborns with UTI and 40 healthy controls were included. Thiol-disulfide tests (disulfide, native thiol, and total thiol levels) and septic screening tests were performed before and after antibiotherapy in UTI group. The control group was selected from healthy newborns who applied to the outpatient clinic.The C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were higher, while native thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratio were significantly lower in pretreatment group compared with posttreatment and control group. Also, the levels of disulfide, ischemia modified albumin, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were higher in pretreatment group compared with posttreatment group.The thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important indicator of oxidative stress during infections. It is valuable to be detected with small amounts of serum in newborns. These molecules can be used to support the diagnosis of UTI in the newborn. Further studies are needed to define the role of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the UTI of newborn.· The thiol-disulfide homeostasis can be an important indicator of oxidative stress during infections such as UTI.. · The thiol-disulfide homeostasis of newborn is valuable to be detected with small amounts of serum in neonatal period.. · Laboratory tests such as white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are not significantly different in UTIs..

Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is an autosomal recessive disorder originating from an abnormal transporter mechanism in the intestines. It was sourced from a mutation in the SLC5A1 gene, which encodes a sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Here we report a 2-day-old girl with CGGM who presented with severe hypernatremic dehydration due to diarrhea beginning in the first hours of life. Mutation analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation NM_000343.3 c.127G > A (p.Gly43Arg) in the SLC5A1 gene. Since CGGM can cause fatal diarrhea in the early neonatal period, timely diagnosis of the disease seems to be essential.

Background/aim: We aimed to ascertain the effects of astaxanthin on the lungs of rat pups with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) induced by hyperoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: Forty-two newborn Wistar rats born to spontaneous pregnant rats were divided into three groups: Hyperoxia (95% O2) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hyperoxia + LPS + astaxhantin group and control: no treatment group (21% O2). Pups in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group were given 100 mg/kg/day oral astaxanthin from the first day to the fifth day. Histopathologic and biochemical evaluations including glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total thiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and caspase-3 activities were performed. Results: A better survival rates and weight gain were demonstrated in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group (p Conclusion: Astaxanthin was shown to reduce lung damage caused by inflammation and hyperoxia with its antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic properties and to protect the lung from severe destruction.

Objective We report a single-institute experience of neonatal transvenous radiofrequency pulmonary valve perforation for pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum, with echocardiographic predictors of biventricular circulation. Methods Data were reviewed retrospectively for all neonates who underwent primary transvenous pulmonary valve perforation for pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum between January 2008 and November 2018 at our institution. We compared patients who need systemic-to-pulmonary shunt or ductal stenting with patients who did not need. Results During the study period, 31 patients with pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum underwent successful radiofrequency pulmonary valve perforation and balloon dilation of the pulmonary valve. There was no procedure-related mortality. Sixteen patients (52%) needed systemic-to-pulmonary shunt or ductal stenting after initial procedure. Among the survivors (follow-up time of 1 to 11.5 years), 15 patients had a biventricular circulation and 6 patients had 1 and 1 forward slash 2 ventricular circulation. Two patients are awaiting for Fontan operation. Both the TV/MV annulus ratio (>0.85) and tricuspid valve z-score (>-1) were found to be a good predictor of a biventricular outcome in our cohort. Conclusions Percutaneous radiofrequency pulmonary valve perforation and balloon valvotomy is an effective and safe primary treatment strategy for neonates with pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum. Ductal stenting or systemic-to-pulmonary shunt may be required in the majority of patients who had smaller right heart components. Preselection of patients according to tricuspid valve z-score and TV/MV annulus ratio allows predicting biventricular circulation.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an unexpected outbreak affecting people of all ages. The first data showed that COVID-19 could cause severe pulmonary disease, cardiac injury, and death in adults, especially the elderly and those with concomitant diseases. Currently, it was demonstrated that severe COVID-19 may also develop in neonatal age, although rarely. Newborns with CHD are known to be at high risk for increased morbidity from viral lower respiratory tract infections because of underlying anatomical cardiac lesions. There are limited data on the implications of COVID-19 on patients with cardiovascular disease, especially for those with CHD. Herein, we aimed to summarise the COVID-19-specific perioperative management issues for newborns with CHD by combining available data from the perspectives of neonatology and paediatric cardiovascular surgery.

ÖZET AMAÇ: Akciğerlerin değerlendirilmesinde öneme sahip olan ultrasonografinin, yenidoğanda kullanımı son yıllarda artmıştır. Bu çalışmada akciğer ultrasonografisinin bronkopulmoner displazi tanılı yenidoğan hastalardaki bulguları değerlendirildi. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya yenidoğan kliniğinde takip edilen, hafif BPD(10 olgu), orta BPD(10 olgu) ve ağır BPD(10 olgu) kliniği olan toplam 30 olgu alındı. Tüm olgular akciğer ultrasonografisi ile değerlendirildi. Ultrasonografik bulgular kaydedildi. BULGULAR: Çalışmaya alınan 30 vakanın(14 kız ve 16 erkek) gebelik haftası ortalaması 28,1±1,5(26-31) hafta, doğum ağırlıkları ortalaması 1161,2±313,1(670-1950) gramdı. Hastaların akciğer ultrasonografik incelemesinde tüm gruplarda (Hafif BPD, orta BPD ve ağır BPD) B çizgileri, alveolar interstisyel sendrom, konsolidasyon, sınırlı normal alanlar ve plevral çizgi düzensizlikleri tespit edilirken normal akciğer dokusundaki A çizgilerinde azalma bulguları görüldü. Konsolidasyon, sınırlı normal alanların dağılımı ve plevral çizgi düzensizliği açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark yokken, BPD kliniğinin ağır olduğu olgularda B çizgilerinde artışla birlikte A çizgilerinde azalma (p=0,014) ve alveolar interstisyel sendromda artış (p=0,008) tespit edildi. SONUÇ: Akciğer ultrasonografisinin direk grafi gibi radyasyon içermemesi, yatakbaşı tekrarlayan kez uygulanabilmesi, pratik ve kolay ulaşılabilir olması önemli avantajlarıdır. Yararları göz önüne alındığında akciğer ultrasonografisinin bronkopulmoner displazinin tanı ve takibinde kullanılması faydalı olacaktır. Bu amaçla yenidoğan yoğun bakım servislerinde daha sık akciğer ultrasonografisi kullanımı önerilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Akciğer ultrasonografisi, Bronkopulmoner displazi, Yenidoğan, Bulgular ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of the lungs and the use of ultrasound has increased in recent years. In this study, the findings of lung ultrasonography in newborn patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 cases with mild BPD (10 cases), moderate BPD (10 cases) and severe BPD (10 cases) clinics followed in the neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. All cases were evaluated by lung ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic findings have been recorded. RESULTS: The mean gestational week of 30 cases (14 girls and 16 boys) was 28.1 ± 1.5 (26-31) weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1161.2 ± 313.1 (670-1950) gram. B lines, alveolar interstitial syndrome, consolidation, spared areas, pleural line abnormality and decrease in A lines were detected in ultrasonographic examination of all groups (mild BPD, moderate BPD and severe BPD). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of consolidation, spared areas and pleural line abnormality. In cases correlation with severety of BPD, we detected increase of B lines and decrease in A lines (p=0.014) and also increase in alveolar interstitial syndrome(p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Lung ultrasonography has important advantages as easily accessible, practical, nonionizing unlike chest radiography and it can be applied repeatedly at the bedside. When evaluated with its benefits, it will be useful to use lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. For this purpose, more frequent use of lung ultrasonography is recommended in neonatal intensive care units. Keywords: Lung ultrasound, bronchopulmonary dysplasia , newborn, findings.

Aim Concerns of possible genotoxic effects of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy were raised from experimental and observational studies in neonates. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy with three different methods on DNA damage by investigating sister chromatid exchange frequency. Material and Methods Patients whose gestational ages were >37 weeks and bilirubin levels above phototherapy limits were enrolled into three groups and each group was planned to receive 25 babies. Group 1 received enhanced light-emitting diode phototherapy, group 2 had light-emitting diode phototherapy, and group 3 received conventional phototherapy. Infants with hyperbilirubinemia but did not require phototherapy comprised the control group, which was subdivided into two groups regarding bilirubin levels ( 10mg/dL). Blood samples were collected before and after phototherapy for sister chromatid exchange frequency and samples were examined by a biologist who was blinded to the study groups. Results The mean pre-treatment sister chromatid exchange frequency was 1.41±0.34/cell, post-treatment 2.65±0.68/cell, and 1.61±0.61/cell for the control group (p

Aim To evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 25 (OH) D, levels and retinopathy of prematurity. Methods and Results Serum 25 (OH) D levels were measured in 97 very low birth weight infants, prior to vitamin D supplementation. The development of retinopathy of prematurity and its treatment requirement were evaluated. At follow-up, retinopathy of prematurity developed in 71 (73.2%) infants. Serum 25 (OH) D levels were significantly lower in infants with retinopathy of prematurity than ones without retinopathy of prematurity ( P Conclusion Lower 25 (OH) D levels in the first days of life may be related to retinopathy of prematurity development and treatment requirement in premature infants.

In the neonatal period, the most common cause of pleural effusion is idiopathic congenital chylothorax. Congenital chylothorax is rarely associated with chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down, Turner and Noonan syndromes. The diagnosis can be made after analysis of the pleural fluid drained by thoracentesis or chest tube placement. During the neonatal period, chylothorax treatment is composed of conservative and surgical therapies. Nowadays, for cases among which conservative therapies fail, treatment with octreotide has been reported to be beneficial with promising results. In this report, a case of congenital chylothorax, in a newborn with Down syndrome, treated by octreotide after failure of chest tube drainage and medical treatment (total parenteral nutrition and medium chain fatty acid formula) is presented.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most important life- threatening diseases in neonates. Recurrent episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can lead to gut ischemia, with subsequent reperfusion injury resulting in NEC. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potential cells which can differentiate into multiple cell types.

Amaç: Yenidoğanlarda kardiyak aritminin bütün şekilleri görülebileceği gibi, en sık görülen aritmi tipi supraventriküler taşikardilerdir (SVT). Bu makalede henüz ortak bir yaklaşım olmayan bu taşiaritmi tipinde güncel tedavi seçeneklerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Olgular: Hastalarımızda ortalama SVT gelişme yaşı 7,4 gün ve kalp tepe atımı (KTA) 234/dk idi. Tüm olgular medikal tedaviye cevap vermiş olup elektrofizyolojik çalışma gerekmemiştir. Serimizde, tüm olgularda SVT atağında tedavide ilk seçenek olarak adenozin uygulanmış olup tekrarlayan SVT atakları için ek medikal tedavilere gereksinim doğmuştur. Olgularımızdan altı (%85,7) hastaya yineleyen SVT atakları nedeniyle propranolol tedavisi gerekmiştir. Adenozine yanıtsız SVT gelişen bir olgumuzda amiodaron infüzyonunun tedricen azaltılması sırasında propranolol tedavisine ek olarak flekainid eklenmiştir. Tedavi sonrası SVT atağı gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç: Yenidoğanda uzun süre devam eden SVT ataklarının kalp yetmezliği ve multiorgan disfonksiyonuna sebep olabileceği göz önüne alınarak tedavide kullanılan farklı ilaçlar servislerde hazır bulundurulmalı ve vakalar yoğun bakım şartlarında multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla izlenmelidir.

Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a noninvasive bed-side test and increasingly used by clinicians in the management and follow-up of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants.To compare the results of three natural surfactants according to LUS scores in premature infants with RDS.This was a prospective study on 62 preterm infants (25-34 weeks) with RDS and receiving surfactant according to 2016 European guidelines. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation and chest X-ray at three study points; at the first hours of life (presurfactant), and at 6-12th hour (early postsurfactant) and 24th hour (late postsurfactant) of surfactant. Simultaneously fractional inspired oxygen (FiOGestational age (In newborns with RDS, poractant alpha and beractant have similarly reduced oxygen need in accordance to the LUS findings. However, they seem to be superior compared to calfactant.

Background:To investigate the feasibility of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening test by pulse oximetry in four geographical regions of Turkey with different altitudes, before implementation of a nationwide screening program.Methods:It was a prospective multi-centre study performed in four centres, between December, 2015 and May, 2017. Pre- and post-ductal oxygen saturations and perfusion indices (PI) were measured using Masimo Radical-7 at early postnatal days. The results were evaluated according to the algorithm recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Additionally, a PI value Results:In 4888 newborns, the mean screening time was 31.5 ± 12.1 hours. At first attempt, the mean values of pre- and post-ductal measurements were: saturation 97.3 ± 1.8%, PI 2.8 ± 2.0, versus saturation 97.7 ± 1.8%, PI 2.3±1.3, respectively. Pre-ductal saturations and PI and post-ductal saturations were the lowest in Centre 4 with the highest altitude. Overall test positivity rate was 0.85% (n = 42). CCHD was detected in six babies (0.12%). Of them, right hand (91 ± 6.3) and foot saturations (92.1 ± 4.3%) were lower compared to ones with non-CCHD and normal variants (p Conclusion:This study concluded that pulse oximetry screening is an effective screening tool for congenital heart disease in newborns at different altitudes. We support the implementation of a national screening program with consideration of altitude differences for our country.

To examine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level as an endothelial function parameter in addition to ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid arteries in babies born small for gestational age (SGA).Twenty-six neonates born SGA and 34 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls were included in the study. The serum levels of ADMA were measured. Intima-media thickness (cIMT) and resistive index (cRI) of the both carotid arteries were determined by ultrasonography.The mean ADMA level was higher in SGA neonates compared to AGAs (16 267.7 ± 6050 versus 12 810.2 ± 3302 ng/L; p = 0.01). The mean cIMT (0.34 ± 0.02 versus 0.31 ± 0.03 mm; p = 0.001) and cRI (0.66 ± 0.07 versus 0.61 ± 0.04, p = 0.003) were also higher in SGAs. Serum ADMA levels were positively correlated to the mean cIMT (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). Although there was a weak correlation between cIMT and mean cRI (r = 0.26, p = 0.04), no correlation was found between ADMA and mean cRI (r = 0.17, p = 0.18).Neonates born SGA have elevated cord blood ADMA level in addition to thicker IMT and higher RI of carotid arteries at birth. ADMA was correlated to cIMT, suggesting that higher ADMA levels might influence vascular health in later life in these neonates.

Neonatal hypernatremia is an important electrolyte disorder that may have serious complications. It may be a rare and underdiagnosed cause of venous and arterial thrombosis, leading to severe brain damage by cerebral edema and intracranial hemorrhage. Here, the authors present a case of bilateral central retinal artery occlusion in a newborn with severe hypernatremic dehydration who is found to be normal in terms of other causes of retinal arterial thromboembolization. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2016;47:482–485.]

BACKGROUND: Infant mortality rate (IMR) and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) are accepted as good indicators to measure the health status of a nation. This report describes recent declines in IMR and NMR in Turkey. METHODS: Data on infants who died before 12 months of life were obtained from the Infant Mortality Monitoring System of Ministry of Health of Turkey between 2007 and 2012. A total of 94038 infant deaths were evaluated. RESULTS: Turkey IMR and NMR exhibited a marked decline from 2007 (16.4 and 12.2) to 2010 (10.1 and 6.6) and then plateaued in 2012 (9.7 and 6.3) despite regional differences. Prematurity congenital anomalies and congenital heart diseases (CHD) were the three most common causes of infant deaths between 2007 and 2012. While the rates of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and metabolic diseases increased the rates of congenital anomalies and birth injuries decreased. IMR and NMR significantly increased with the number of infants per paediatrician per doctor and per midwife while was decreasing with the increased rate of hospital birth caesarean delivery antenatal care infant follow-up and staff trained within the Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP). CONCLUSION: From 2007-2012 Turkey showed remarkable encouraging advances in reducing IMR and NMR. Any interventions aimed at further reductions in IMR and NMR should target the common causes of death and defined risk factors especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions. Copyright(c) by the National Institute of Public Health Prague 2015.

Nemaline myopathy is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease characterized by variable degree of non-progressive or slowly progressive generalized muscle weakness. Clinical features are mostly related with muscle weakness and hypotonia. Patients may present with birth asphyxia as a result of severe hypotonia. Respiratory insufficiency and feeding difficulty develop eventually in the majority of cases. Narrow and elongated face, high arched palate, pectus excavatum, scoliosis, foot deformi-ties, and joint contractures may also be present. Definite diagnosis of Nemaline myopathy is possible by a muscle biopsy in which modified Gomori-trichrome stain indicates the presence of purple-red colored rod-like structures called “nemaline bodies” in the muscle fibers. Here a newborn who pre-sented with birth asphyxia and diagnosed as nemaline myopathy with muscle biopsy is reported and discussed in the light of literature.

Gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) obstrüksiyonu sindirim sistemi içeriğinin distale geçişinin, parsiyel ya da tam olarak engellenmesidir. Prenatal ultrasonografi ön tanıda değerlidir; kesin tanı için postnatal ileri inceleme gerekir. İyi bir maternal anamnez GİS obstrüksiyonları hakkında ipuçları verebilir. Polihidroamniyoz ve ailede konjenital defekt öyküsü GİS obstrüksiyonunu düşündürür. Doğumdan sonra, genelde 24-48 saat sonra başlayan solunum sıkıntısı, ağız-burundan aşırı mukus ve tükürük salgısı, safralı kusma, abdominal distansiyon, sarılık, mekonyum çıkaramama ve nazogastrik sondanın mideye ilerletilememesi gibi bulgular tanıda değerlidir. Yenidoğan döneminde GİS anomalileri önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerindendir. Son yıllarda yoğun bakım ünitelerinin ve cerrahi tekniklerin gelişmesinin yanı sıra hemşirelik bakımının iyileşmesi de bu olgularda morbidite ve mortalite oranlarını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Bu yazıda, GİS obstrüksiyonu tanılarıyla izlenen hastalara uygulanan hemşirelik bakımının tedavi ve iyileşme sürecine olan katkısı irdelendi.

Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in neonatal period. The etiology is considered multifactorial. Risk factors include prematurity, enteral feeding, hypoxia, and bacterial colonization. The etiologic role of viruses is unclear. Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common congenital infection in neonates, most patients are asymptomatic. Gastrointestinal manifestation is unusual. In this report, we described a newborn with perinatal CMV infection presenting with symptoms mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.

Summary Background To evaluate the effects of maternal fish oil supplementation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on birthweight and DNA methylation at insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene in their offspring. Methods Randomized controlled trial. A total of 120 women with GDM were randomized to one of the two groups between 24 and 28 weeks of the pregnancy: Group 1 (n = 52) received fish oil liquid softgel (Ocean plus®) and Group 2 (Placebo) (n = 68) sunflower oil liquid softgel. The birthweight and DNA methylation at IGF-1 gene of the offsprings were assessed. Results We observed a significant inverse association between fish oil use during pregnancy and birthweight (β = −0.18, s.e.:125, P = .04), corresponding to a 250 g lower birthweight among infants born to fish oil users. This association didn't persist in multivariate analysis. Cord blood IGF-1 was lower in fish oil group (P = .001). Cord blood DNA methylation percentages at CpG-1044 and CpG-611 sites of IGF-1 gene promoter 1 (P1) region were higher in fish oil group compared to placebo group (P = .02 and P = .001, respectively). However, CpG-1044 and CpG-611 methylations were not associated to birthweight (β = 0.04, s.e: 25.1, P = .66 and β = 0.04, s.e: 22.7, P = 0.66, respectively). Conclusions Maternal fish oil use has small effects on birthweight and DNA methylation when given to mothers with GDM at late pregnancy. Future studies are needed to show associations between maternal fish oil use and neonatal DNA methylations. Clinical Trial Registration “Fish Oil Supplementation in Women with Gestational Diabetes”. Identifier NCT02371343 .

Methylmalonic academia (MMA) is a rare form of organic acidemias characterised by an inborn error of methylmalonate and cobalamin metabolism. The most of MMA cases are caused by mutations in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) gene. The MUT gene encodes the enzyme MUT that converts l-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Partial or complete enzyme deficiency occurs because of the mutations in the MUT gene. As a result, methylmalonyl acid and other potentially toxic compounds accumulate in the tissues, leading to signs and symptoms of MMA. Here, we report a novel p.V438Sfs*3 (c.1311_1312InsA) mutation in MUT gene in a newborn with severe MMA.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the additive effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and defibrotide (DFT) in a rat model of femoral arterial thrombosis.Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were included. An arterial thrombosis model by ferric chloride (FeCl3) was developed in the left femoral artery. The rats were equally assigned to 5 groups: Group 1-Sham-operated (without arterial injury); Group 2-Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injected; Group 3-MSC; Group 4-DFT; Group 5-MSC + DFT. All had two intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml: the 1st injection was 4 h after the procedure and the 2nd one 48 h after the 1st injection. The rats were sacrificed 7 days after the 2nd injection.Although the use of human bone marrow-derived (hBM) hBM-MSC or DFT alone enabled partial resolution of the thrombus, combining them resulted in near-complete resolution. Neovascularization was two-fold better in hBM-MSC + DFT treated rats (11.6 ± 2.4 channels) compared with the hBM-MSC (3.8 ± 2.7 channels) and DFT groups (5.5 ± 1.8 channels) (P0.0001 and P= 0.002, respectively).The combined use of hBM-MSC and DFT in a rat model of arterial thrombosis showed additive effect resulting in near-complete resolution of the thrombus.El objetivo de este estudio consistió en investigar el efecto aditivo de las células madre mesenquimales (MSC, por sus siglas en inglés) y del defibrótido (DFT) en un modelo de trombosis arterial femoral en ratas.Se incluyeron 30 ratas Sprague Dawley. Se desarrolló un modelo de trombosis arterial mediante cloruro de hierro (FeCl3) en la arteria femoral izquierda. Las ratas se asignaron equitativamente en cinco grupos: grupo 1, intervención quirúrgica simulada (sin lesión arterial); grupo 2, inyección de solución salina tamponada con fosfato (PBS); grupo 3, MSC; grupo 4, DFT; grupo 5, MSC + DFT. Todas las ratas recibieron dos inyecciones intraperitoneales de 0,5 ml: la primera se administró 4 horas después del procedimiento y la segunda 48 horas después de la primera. Se sacrificó a las ratas siete días después de la segunda inyección.Aunque el uso por separado de MSC derivadas de médula ósea humana (hBM-MSC) o de DFT permitió una resolución parcial del trombo, la combinación de ambos tuvo como resultado la resolución casi completa. La neovascularización fue doblemente mejor en las ratas tratadas con hBM-MSC + DFT (11,6 ± 2,4 canales) en comparación con los grupos asignados por separado a hBM-MSC (3,8 ± 2,7 canales) y DFT (5,5 ± 1,8 canales) (P0,0001 y P= 0,002, respectivamente).El uso combinado de hBM-MSC y DFT en un modelo de trombosis arterial en ratas mostró que el efecto aditivo tuvo como resultado la resolución casi completa del trombo.

Objective To determine the changes in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels during therapeutic hypothermia. Study Design Between January 2011 and June 2013, 133 hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patients being followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Hospital are prospectively evaluated. Group 1; patients that received therapeutic hypothermia (n = 74) and group 2; patients that did not required therapeutic hypothermia (n = 59). All the patients underwent serial complete blood cell count and CRP assessments; blood cultures were obtained from all the cases at the time of admission and when CRP levels were elevated. Results Positive blood cultures were encountered in five cases (6.7%) in group 1 while no blood culture–proven septicemia was encountered in group 2. The CRP levels elevated gradually reaching a peak level on the 4th day and then decreased during the therapeutic hypothermia in patients with no blood culture–proven septicemia in group 1. The CRP levels showed statistically significant changes reaching a peak level on the 7th day in patients with blood culture–proven septicemia in group 2. Also, the CRP levels showed no alteration with time in group 2. Conclusion Therapeutic hypothermia itself might be associated with CRP elevation rather than an actual infection.