Search

Background: The cancer registry provides reliable data from the population. In this article, we provide cancer burden and its patterns from the Varanasi district. Methods: The method adopted by the Varanasi cancer registry is community interaction along with regular visits to more than 60 sources to collect data on cancer patients. The cancer registry was established by the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, in 2017 covering 4 million population (57% rural and 43% urban population). Results: The registry has recorded 1,907 incidence cases (1,058 male and 849 female). The age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population in male and female of Varanasi district is 59.2 and 52.1, respectively. One in 15 male and one in 17 female are at risk of developing the disease. Mouth and tongue cancers are the predominant cancers in male, whereas breast, cervix uteri, and gallbladder are the leading cancer sites among the female. In female, cervix uteri cancer is significantly higher (double) in rural areas when compared with urban areas (rate ratio [RR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.36, 0.72]), whereas in male, mouth cancer is higher in urban areas when compared with rural areas (RR 1.4, 95% CI [1.11, 1.72]). More than 50% of cancer cases in male are due to tobacco consumption. There may be underreporting of the cases. Conclusion: The results of the registry warrant policies and activities related to early detection services for the mouth, cervix uteri, and breast cancers. The Varanasi cancer registry is the foundation for cancer control and will play an important role in the evaluation of the interventions. Keywords: Cancer control, cancer prevention, India, population-based cancer registry, rural and urban, Author(s): Atul M Budukh (corresponding author) [1]; Satyajit Pradhan [2]; Virendra B Singh [3]; Divya Khanna [4]; Sonali S Bagal [5]; Priyal S Chakravarti [5]; Anand N Sharma [5]; Rajesh [...]

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to report on the survival rates of head-and-neck cancer cases seen in Tata memorial hospital (TMH). Materials and Methods: In the present study comprises of a large number of head-and-neck cancer cases seen in TMH, Mumbai, during the years 2012-14. The study included 4351 oral cancer, 766 oropharyngeal cancer, 612 hypopharyngeal cancer, 544 laryngeal cancers, and 244 nasopharyngeal cancer. TNM group staging was used to determine the clinical extent of disease.[2] Results: In the study, a major proportion of patients were diagnosed in Stage III and stage IV, except in vocal cord and to a lesser extent in lower lip and anterior tongue. Thus, the treatment offered is either only surgery or in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The overall 3-year survival rates for oral cancer were 26-43%, 23-33% for oropharyngeal cancer, 22-28% for hypopharyngeal cancer, 28-53% for laryngeal cancers, and 44% for nasopharyngeal cancer. Conclusion: Prognosis differed by site of disease and subsites in this study. The differences in outcome are an indicator of the scope of prevention activities that could be reiterated for better prognosis of head-and-neck cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a scarcity of population-based prostate cancer survival data in India. We assessed the population-based, overall survival of patients with prostate cancer from the Sangrur and Mansa cancer registries of the Punjab state, India. Methods: In the year 2013-2016, a total of 171 prostate cancer cases were registered in these two registries. Based on these registries, survival analysis was performed using the date of diagnosis as the starting date and the last follow-up date being December 31, 2021 or the date of death. Survival was calculated using STATA software. Relative survival was calculated using the Pohar Perme method. Results: Follow up was available for all the registered cases. Of the 171 cases, 41 (24%) were alive and 130 (76.0%) were dead. Of the prescribed treatments, 106 (62.7%) cases completed the treatment and 63 (37.3%) cases did not complete the treatment. Overall, 5-year age-standardized prostate cancer relative survival was 30.3%. Patients who completed the treatment had a 7.8 times higher 5-year relative survival (45.5%) compared to those who did not (5.8%). The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (hazard ratio 0.16, 95% confidence interval [0.10-0.27]). Conclusion: To improve survival, we need to raise awareness in the community and among primary physicians so that prostate cancer cases can reach the hospital early and should be treated effectively. The cancer center should develop the systems in their hospital so that there will be no hurdles to the patients in treatment completion. We found a low overall relative survival among patients of prostate cancer in these two registries. Patients who received treatment had a significantly higher survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Carcinomas from either pulmonary or extrapulmonary sites can metastatise to supraclavicular lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is invaluable to comment on the possible primary site. However, the optimal number of antibodies to be tested is debatable. Seven antibodies were tested on 135 metastatic supraclavicular lymph node biopsies to propose a “best minimal” IHC panel to infer lung carcinoma, incorporating the principles of “evidence-based medicine.” The 135 cases were divided into the following: category I (110 cases), wherein the primary was in the lung based on histologic analysis (Ia, n = 14 [12.7%]), cytologic analysis (Ib, n = 43 [39.1%]), or strong clinicoradiologic evidence (Ic, n = 53 [48.2%]), and category II (25 cases) with a histologically proven extrapulmonary primary site. Categories Ia and Ib were together designated as the “control group,” and category Ic was designated as the “test group.” The antibodies tested were cytokeratin (CK 7, CK20), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), surfactant protein B (SPB), and vimentin. Results of both individual and panels of antibodies were statistically evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of single antibodies for inferring a lung primary was as follows: CK7 (90%/56%), CK20 (98%/40%), epithelial membrane antigen (90.9%/4%), carcinoembryonic antigen (80.9%/36%), TTF-1 (62.7%/100%), SPB (65.6%/100%), and vimentin (60.9%/60%). The highest sensitivity (85%) and specificity (100%) were seen with a 4-antibody panel: CK7, CK20, TTF-1, and SPB. This panel revealed the highest binomial probability (.8), for diagnosing lung cancer. The results were validated using a “split sample method,” and a high concordance was noted between the control and test groups. To conclude, such evidence-based validated studies analyzing IHC results would be invaluable to guide the practice of surgical pathology in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Tobacco habits in India are unique and vary in different regions. Few studies, and none from central India, have reported on type of tobacco used and risk of the most common cancer types in India. We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the risk of tobacco particularly bidi smoking and tobacco quid chewing on the most common cancer sites among males in Bhopal.Methods: In all, 163 lung, 247 oropharyngeal and 148 oral cavity cancer cases from the Population-Based Cancer Registry records and 260 controls randomly selected from a tobacco survey conducted in the Bhopal population formed the study population.Results: A significant risk of bidi and cigarette smoking with a dose-response relationship was observed for lung and oropharyngeal cancer. Tobacco quid chewing showed no risk for lung, marginally increased risk for oropharyngeal and about a sixfold increased risk for oral cavity cancer. Population-attributable risk per cent (PARP) was observed to be 82.7% and 71.6% for smokers for the development of lung and oropharyngeal cancer, while the same was found to be 66.1% for tobacco chewers for the development of oral cavity cancer.Conclusions: These data provide strong evidence that smoking bidi is even more hazardous than cigarette smoking in the development of lung and oropharyngeal cancer. An intervention study to prevent the use of tobacco will be useful in this population as it also underwent gas exposure due to a chemical accident in 1984. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]