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1. Hybrid integrated near UV lasers using the deep-UV Al2O3 platform

Author

Franken, C. A. A., Hendriks, W. A. P. M., Winkler, L. V., Dijkstra, M., Nascimento Jr, A. R. do, van Rees, A., Mardani, M. R. S., Dekker, R., van Kerkhof, J., van der Slot, P. J. M., García-Blanco, S. M., and Boller, K. -J.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Hybrid integrated diode lasers have so far been realized using silicon, polymer, and silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide platforms for extending on-chip tunable light engines from the infrared throughout the visible range. Here we demonstrate the first hybrid integrated laser using the aluminum oxide (Al2O3) deep-UV capable waveguide platform. By permanently coupling low-loss Al2O3 frequency-tunable Vernier feedback circuits with GaN double-pass amplifiers in a hermetically sealed housing, we demonstrate the first extended cavity diode laser (ECDL) in the near UV. The laser shows a maximum fiber-coupled output power of 0.74 mW, corresponding to about 3.5 mW on chip, and tunes more than 4.4 nm in wavelength from 408.1 nm to 403.7 nm. Integrating stable, single-mode and tunable lasers into a deep-UV platform opens a new path for chip-integrated photonic applications., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

2. Ion Current Rectification and Long-Range Interference in Conical Silicon Micropores

Author

Aarts, Mark, Boon, Willem, Cuénod, Blaise, Dijkstra, M., van Roij, René, and Alarcon-Llado, Esther

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Fluidic devices exhibiting ion current rectification (ICR), or ionic diodes, are of broad interest for applications including desalination, energy harvesting, and sensing, amongst others. For such applications a large conductance is desirable which can be achieved by simultaneously using thin membranes and wide pores. In this paper we demonstrate ICR in micron sized conical channels in a thin silicon membrane with pore diameters comparable to the membrane thickness but both much larger than the electrolyte screening length. We show that for these pores the entrance resistance is not only key to Ohmic conductance around 0 V, but also for understanding ICR, both of which we measure experimentally and capture within a single analytic theoretical framework. The only fit parameter in this theory is the membrane surface potential, for which we find that it is voltage dependent and its value is excessively large compared to literature. From this we infer that surface charge outside the pore strongly contributes to the observed Ohmic conductance and rectification by a different extent. We experimentally verify this hypothesis in a small array of pores and find that ICR vanishes due to pore-pore interactions mediated through the membrane surface, while Ohmic conductance around 0 V remains unaffected. We find that the pore-pore interaction for ICR is set by a long-ranged decay of the concentration which explains the surprising finding that the ICR vanishes for even a sparsely populated array with a pore-pore spacing as large as 7 $\mu$m., Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures, Supplementary Information: 13 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022

3. The MUSE Deep Lensed Field on the Hubble Frontier Field MACS~J0416

Author

Vanzella, E., Caminha, G. B., Rosati, P., Mercurio, A., Castellano, M., Meneghetti, M., Grillo, C., Sani, E., Bergamini, P., Calura, F., Caputi, K., Cristiani, S., Cupani, G., Fontana, A., Gilli, R., Grazian, A., Gronke, M., Mignoli, M., Nonino, M., Pentericci, L., Tozzi, P., Treu, T., Balestra, I., and Dijkstra, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Context: A census of faint and tiny star forming complexes at high redshift is key to improving our understanding of reionizing sources, galaxy growth and the formation of globular clusters. Aims: We present the MUSE Deep Lensed Field (MDLF) program. Methods: We describe Deep MUSE observations of 17.1 hours integration on a single pointing over the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS~J0416. Results: We confirm spectroscopic redshifts for all 136 multiple images of 48 source galaxies at 0.910 for individual objects down to de-lensed magnitude 28-30 suggesting that they are common in such faint sources. Conclusions:Deep MUSE observations, in combination with existing HST imaging, allowed us to:(1) confirm redshifts for extremely faint high-z sources;(2) peer into their internal clumps (down to 100-200 pc scale);(3) in some cases break down such clumps into bound star clusters (<20 pc scale);(4) double the number of constraints for the lens model,reaching an unprecedented set of 182 bona-fide multiple images and confirming up to 213 galaxy cluster members. These results demonstrate the power that JWST and future ELTs will have when combined to study gravitational telescopes.[abridged], Comment: 43 pages total (17 pages main body); 5 appendices. Accepted for publication in A&A on October 26

Published
2020
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4. Candidate Population III stellar complex at z=6.629 in the MUSE Deep Lensed Field

Author

Vanzella, E., Meneghetti, M., Caminha, G. B., Castellano, M., Calura, F., Rosati, P., Grillo, C., Dijkstra, M., Gronke, M., Sani, E., Mercurio, A., Tozzi, P., Nonino, M., Cristiani, S., Mignoli, M., Pentericci, L., Gilli, R., Treu, T., Caputi, K., Cupani, G., Fontana, A., Grazian, A., and Balestra, I.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We discovered a strongly lensed (\mu >40) Lya emission at z=6.629 (S/N~18) in the MUSE Deep Lensed Field (MDLF) targeting the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS~J0416. Dedicated lensing simulations imply that the Lya emitting region necessarily crosses the caustic. The arc-like shape of the Lya extends 3 arcsec on the observed plane and is the result of two merged multiple images, each one with a de-lensed Lya luminosity L<~2.8 x 10^(40) erg/s arising from a confined region (< 150 pc effective radius). A spatially unresolved HST counterpart is barely detected at S/N~2 after stacking the near-infrared bands, corresponding to an observed(intrinsic) magnitude m_(1500)>~30.8(>~35.0). The inferred rest-frame Lya equivalent width is EWo > 1120 A if the IGM transmission is T(IGM)<0.5. The low luminosities and the extremely large Lya EWo match the case of a Population~III star complex made of several dozens stars (~ 10^4 Msun) which irradiate a HII region crossing the caustic. While the Lya and stellar continuum are among the faintest ever observed at this redshift, the continuum and the Lya emissions could be affected by differential magnification, possibly biasing the EWo estimate. The aforementioned tentative HST detection tend to favor a large EWo, making such a faint Pop~III candidate a key target for the James Webb Space Telescope and Extremely Large Telescopes., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures and 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2020
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5. Prolonged indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 activity and associated cellular stress in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

van Agtmael, M.A., Algera, A.G., Appelman, B., van Baarle, F.E.H.P., Beudel, M., Bogaard, H.J., Bomers, M., Bonta, P.I., Bos, L.D.J., Botta, M., de Brabander, J., de Bree, G.J., de Bruin, S., Bugiani, M., Bulle, E.B., Chouchane, O., Cloherty, A.P.M., Buis, D., de Rotte, M.C.F.J., Dijkstra, M., Dongelmans, D.A., Dujardin, R.W.G., Elbers, P.E., Fleuren, L.M., Geerlings, S.E., Geijtenbeek, T.B.H., Girbes, A.R.J., Goorhuis, A., Grobusch, M.P., Hagens, L.A., Hamann, J., Harris, V.C., Hemke, R., Hermans, S.M., Heunks, L.M.A., Hollmann, M.W., Horn, J., Hovius, J.W., de Jong, M.D., Koing, R., Lim, E.H.T., van Mourik, N., Nellen, J.F., Nossent, E.J., Paulus, F., Peters, E., Piña-Fuentes, D., van der Poll, T., Preckel, B., Prins, J.M., Raasveld, S.J., Reijnders, T.D.Y., Schinkel, M., Schrauwen, F.A.P., Schultz, M.J., Schuurman, A.R., Schuurmans, J., Sigaloff, K., Slim, M.A., Smeele, P., Smit, M.R., Stijnis, C., Stilma, W., Teunissen, C.E., Thoral, P., Tsonas, A.M., Tuinman, P.R., van der Valk, M., Veelo, D.P., Volleman, C., de Vries, H., van Vught, L.A., van Vugt, M., Wouters, D., Zwinderman, A.H., Brouwer, M.C., Wiersinga, W.J., Vlaar, A.P.J., van de Beek, D., Guo, Lihui, Appelman, Brent, Mooij-Kalverda, Kirsten, Houtkooper, Riekelt H., van Weeghel, Michel, Vaz, Frédéric M., Dijkhuis, Annemiek, Dekker, Tamara, Smids, Barbara S., Duitman, Jan Willem, Bugiani, Marianna, Brinkman, Paul, Sikkens, Jonne J., Lavell, H.A. Ayesha, Wüst, Rob C.I., van Vugt, Michèle, and Lutter, René

Published
2023
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6. On the observability of individual Population III stars and their stellar-mass black hole accretion disks through cluster caustic transits

Author

Windhorst, Rogier A., Alpaslan, M., Andrews, S., Ashcraft, T., Broadhurst, T., Coe, D., Cohen, S., Conselice, C., Diego, J., Dijkstra, M., Driver, S., Duncan, K., Finkelstein, S., Frye, B., Griffiths, A., Grogin, N., Hathi, N., Hopkins, A., Jansen, R., Joshi, B., Kashlinsky, A., Keel, W., Kelly, P., Kim, D., Koekemoer, A., Larson, R., Livermore, R., Marshall, M., Mechtley, M., Pirzkal, N., Rieke, M., Riess, A., Robotham, A., Rodney, S., Röttgering, H., Rutkowski, M., Ryan Jr., R., Smith, B., Straughn, A., Strolger, L., Tilvi, V., Timmes, F., Wilkins, S., Willmer, C., Wyithe, S., Yan, H., and Zitrin, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Recent near-IR power-spectra and panchromatic Extragalactic Background Light measurements provide upper limits on the near-IR surface brightness (SB>31 mag/arcsec^2) that may come from Pop III stars and accretion disks around resulting stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in the epoch of First Light (z=7-17). Physical parameters for zero metallicity Pop III stars at z>7 can be estimated from MESA stellar evolution models through helium-depletion, and for BH accretion disks from quasar microlensing results and multicolor accretion models. Second-generation stars can form at higher multiplicity, so that BH accretion disks may be fed by Roche-lobe overflow from lower-mass companions in their AGB stage. The near-IR SB constraints can be used to calculate the number of caustic transits behind lensing clusters that JWST and the 25~39 m ground-based telescopes may detect for both Pop III stars and stellar mass BH accretion disks. Because Pop III stars and stellar mass BH accretion disks have sizes of a few x 10^-11 arcsec at z>7, typical caustic magnifications can be mu=10^4~10^5, with rise times of hours and decline times of < 1 year for cluster transverse velocities of v<1000 km/s. Microlensing by intracluster medium objects can modify transit magnifications, and lengthen visibility times. Depending on BH masses, accretion-disk radii and feeding efficiencies, stellar-mass BH accretion-disk caustic transits could outnumber those from Pop III stars. To observe Pop III caustic transits directly may require monitoring 3~30 lensing clusters to AB< 29 mag over a decade or more. Such a program must be started with JWST in Cycle 1, and -- depending on the role of microlensing in the Intra Cluster Light -- should be continued for decades with the GMT and TMT, where JWST and the ground-based telescopes each will play a unique and strongly complementary role., Comment: 6 pages + references, 3 figures, science white paper submitted to the Astro2020 decadal survey. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1801.03584

Published
2019

7. Magnifying the early episodes of star formation: super star clusters at cosmological distances

Author

Vanzella, E., Castellano, M., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., Caminha, G. B., Cupani, G., Calura, F., Christensen, L., Merlin, E., Rosati, P., Gronke, M., Dijkstra, M., Mignoli, M., Gilli, R., De Barros, S., Caputi, K., Grillo, C., Balestra, I., Cristiani, S., Nonino, M., Giallongo, E., Grazian, A., Pentericci, L., Fontana, A., Comastri, A., Vignali, C., Zamorani, G., Brusa, M., Bergamini, P., and Tozzi, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We study the spectrophotometric properties of a highly magnified (\mu~40-70) pair of stellar systems identified at z=3.2222 behind the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS~J0416. Five multiple images (out of six) have been spectroscopically confirmed by means of VLT/MUSE and VLT/X-Shooter observations. Each image includes two faint (m_uv~30.6), young (<100 Myr), low-mass (<10^7 Msun), low-metallicity (12+Log(O/H)~7.7, or 1/10 solar) and compact (30 pc effective radius) stellar systems separated by ~300pc, after correcting for lensing amplification. We measured several rest-frame ultraviolet and optical narrow (\sigma_v <~ 25 km/s) high-ionization lines. These features may be the signature of very hot (T>50000 K) stars within dense stellar clusters, whose dynamical mass is likely dominated by the stellar component. Remarkably, the ultraviolet metal lines are not accompanied by Lya emission (e.g., CIV / Lya > 15), despite the fact that the Lya line flux is expected to be 150 times brighter (inferred from the Hbeta flux). A spatially-offset, strongly-magnified (\mu>50) Lya emission with a spatial extent <~7.6 kpc^2 is instead identified 2 kpc away from the system. The origin of such a faint emission can be the result of fluorescent Lya induced by a transverse leakage of ionizing radiation emerging from the stellar systems and/or can be associated to an underlying and barely detected object (with m_uv > 34 de-lensed). This is the first confirmed metal-line emitter at such low-luminosity and redshift without Lya emission, suggesting that, at least in some cases, a non-uniform covering factor of the neutral gas might hamper the Lya detection., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 Tables. ApJ Accepted

Published
2017
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8. ALMA observations of Lyman-alpha Blob 1: halo sub-structure illuminated from within

Author

Geach, J. E., Narayanan, D., Matsuda, Y., Hayes, M., Mas-Ribas, Ll., Dijkstra, M., Steidel, C. C., Chapman, S. C., Feldmann, R., Avison, A., Agertz, O., Ao, Y., Birkinshaw, M., Bremer, M. N., Clements, D. L., Dannerbauer, H., Farrah, D., Harrison, C. M., Hine, N. K., Kubo, M., Michalowski, M. J., Scott, Douglas, Smith, D. J. B., Spaans, M., Simpson, J. M., Swinbank, A. M., Taniguchi, Y., van Kampen, E., van der Werf, P., Verma, A., and Yamada, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 850um continuum observations of the original Lyman-alpha Blob (LAB) in the SSA22 field at z=3.1 (SSA22-LAB01). The ALMA map resolves the previously identified submillimeter source into three components with total flux density S_850 = 1.68+/-0.06 mJy, corresponding to a star formation rate of ~150 M_sun/yr. The submillimeter sources are associated with several faint (m~27 mag) rest-frame ultraviolet sources identified in Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) clear filter imaging (~5850A). One of these companions is spectroscopically confirmed with Keck MOSFIRE to lie within 20 projected kpc and 250 km/s of one of the ALMA components. We postulate that some of these STIS sources represent a population of low-mass star-forming satellites surrounding the central submillimeter sources, potentially contributing to their growth and activity through accretion. Using a high resolution cosmological zoom simulation of a 10^13 M_sun halo at z=3, including stellar, dust and Ly-alpha radiative transfer, we can model the ALMA+STIS observations and demonstrate that Ly-alpha photons escaping from the central submillimeter sources are expected to resonantly scatter in neutral hydrogen, the majority of which is predicted to be associated with halo substructure. We show how this process gives rise to extended Ly-alpha emission with similar surface brightness and morphology to observed giant LABs., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2016
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9. Illuminating gas in-/outflows in the MUSE deepest fields: discovery of Ly-alpha nebulae around forming galaxies at z~3.3

Author

Vanzella, E., Balestra, I., Gronke, M., Karman, W., Caminha, G. B., Dijkstra, M., Rosati, P., De Barros, S., Caputi, K., Grillo, C., Tozzi, P., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., and Gilli, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We report on the discovery of extended Ly-alpha nebulae at z~3.3 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF, ~ 40 kpc X 80 kpc) and behind the Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACSJ0416 (~ 40kpc), spatially associated with groups of star-forming galaxies. VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopy reveals a complex structure with a spatially-varying double peaked Ly-alpha emission. Overall, the spectral profiles of the two Ly-alpha nebulae are remarkably similar, both showing a prominent blue emission, more intense and slightly broader than the red peak. From the first nebula, located in the HUDF, no X-ray emission has been detected, disfavoring the possible presence of AGNs. Spectroscopic redshifts have been derived for 11 galaxies within two arcsec from the nebula and spanning the redshift range 1.037

Published
2016
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10. MUSE integral-field spectroscopy towards the Frontier Fields cluster Abell S1063: II. Properties of low luminosity Lyman alpha emitters at z>3

Author

Karman, W., Caputi, K. I., Caminha, G. B., Gronke, M., Grillo, C., Balestra, I., Rosati, P., Vanzella, E., Coe, D., Dijkstra, M., Koekemoer, A. M., McLeod, D., Mercurio, A., and Nonino, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In spite of their conjectured importance for the Epoch of Reionization, the properties of low-mass galaxies are currently still under large debate. In this article, we study the stellar and gaseous properties of faint, low-mass galaxies at z>3. We observed the Frontier Fields cluster Abell S1063 with MUSE over a 2 arcmin^2 field, and combined integral-field spectroscopy with gravitational lensing to perform a blind search for intrinsically faint Lya emitters (LAEs). We determined in total the redshift of 172 galaxies of which 14 are lensed LAEs at z=3-6.1. We increased the number of spectroscopically-confirmed multiple-image families from 6 to 17 and updated our gravitational-lensing model accordingly. The lensing-corrected Lya luminosities are with L(Lya) <= 10^41.5 erg/s among the lowest for spectroscopically confirmed LAEs at any redshift. We used expanding gaseous shell models to fit the Lya line profile, and find low column densities and expansion velocities. This is to our knowledge the first time that gaseous properties of such faint galaxies at z>=3 are reported. We performed SED modelling to broadband photometry from the U-band through the infrared to determine the stellar properties of these LAEs. The stellar masses are very low (10^{6-8} Msun), and are accompanied by very young ages of 1-100 Myr. The very high specific star formation rates (~100 Gyr^-1) are characteristic of starburst galaxies. The UV-continuum slopes beta are low in our sample, with beta<-2 for all galaxies with M_star<10^8 Msun. We conclude that our low-mass galaxies at 3

Published
2016
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11. High-resolution spectroscopy of a young, low-metallicity optically-thin L=0.02L* star-forming galaxy at z=3.12

Author

Vanzella, E., De Barros, S., Cupani, G., Karman, W., Gronke, M., Balestra, I., Coe, D., Mignoli, M., Brusa, M., Calura, F., Caminha, G. -B., Caputi, K., Castellano, M., Christensen, L., Comastri, A., Cristiani, S., Dijkstra, M., Fontana, A., Giallongo, E., Giavalisco, M., Gilli, R., Grazian, A., Grillo, C., Koekemoer, A., Meneghetti, M., Nonino, M., Pentericci, L., Rosati, P., Schaerer, D., Verhamme, A., Vignali, C., and Zamorani, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present VLT/X-Shooter and MUSE spectroscopy of an faint F814W=28.60+/-0.33 (Muv=-17.0), low mass (~<10^7 Msun) and compact (Reff=62pc) freshly star-forming galaxy at z=3.1169 magnified (16x) by the Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy cluster Abell S1063. Gravitational lensing allows for a significant jump toward low-luminosity regimes, in moderately high resolution spectroscopy (R=lambda/dlambda ~ 3000-7400). We measured CIV1548,1550, HeII1640, OIII]1661,1666, CIII]1907,1909, Hbeta, [OIII]4959,5007, emission lines with FWHM< 50 km/s and (de-lensed) fluxes spanning the interval 1.0x10^-19 - 2.0x10^-18 erg/s/cm2 at S/N=4-30. The double peaked Lya emission with Delta_v(red-blue) = 280(+/-7)km/s and de-lensed fluxes 2.4_(blue)|8.5_(red)x10^-18 erg/s/cm2 (S/N=38_(blue)|110_(red)) indicate a low column density of neutral hydrogen gas consistent with a highly ionized interstellar medium as also inferred from the large [OIII]5007/[OII]3727>10 ratio. We detect CIV1548,1550 resonant doublet in emission, each component with FWHM ~< 45 km/s, and redshifted by +51(+/-10)km/s relative to the systemic redshift. We interpret this as nebular emission tracing an expanding optically-thin interstellar medium. Both CIV1548,1550 and HeII1640 suggest the presence of hot and massive stars (with a possible faint AGN). The ultraviolet slope is remarkably blue, beta =-2.95 +/- 0.20 (F_lambda=lambda^beta), consistent with a dust-free and young ~<20 Myr galaxy. Line ratios suggest an oxygen abundance 12+log(O/H)<7.8. We are witnessing an early episode of star-formation in which a relatively low NHI and negligible dust attenuation might favor a leakage of ionizing radiation. This galaxy currently represents a unique low-luminosity reference object for future studies of the reionization epoch with JWST., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures and 1 table; ApJL, accepted for publication

Published
2016
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12. The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). III. A census of Ly\alpha\ Emission at $z\gtrsim$7 from HST Spectroscopy

Author

Schmidt, K. B., Treu, T., Bradač, M., Vulcani, B., Huang, K. -H., Hoag, A., Maseda, M., Guaita, L., Pentericci, L., Brammer, G. B., Dijkstra, M., Dressler, A., Fontana, A., Henry, A. L., Jones, T. A., Mason, C., Trenti, M., and Wang, X.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

[abbreviated] We present a census of Ly\alpha\ emission at $z\gtrsim7$ utilizing deep near infrared HST grism spectroscopy from the first six completed clusters of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). In 24/159 photometrically selected galaxies we detect emission lines consistent with Ly\alpha\ in the GLASS spectra. Based on the distribution of signal-to-noise ratios and on simulations we expect the completeness and the purity of the sample to be 40-100% and 60-90%, respectively. For the objects without detected emission lines we show that the observed (not corrected for lensing magnification) 1$\sigma$ flux limits reaches $5\times10^{-18}$erg/s/cm$^{2}$ per position angle over the full wavelength range of GLASS (0.8-1.7$\mu$m). Based on the conditional probability of Ly\alpha\ emission measured from the ground at $z\sim7$ we would have expected 12-18 Ly\alpha\ emitters. This is consistent with the number of detections, within the uncertainties, confirming the drop in Ly\alpha\ emission with respect to $z\sim6$. These candidates include a promising source at $z=8.1$. The spatial extent of Ly\alpha\ in a deep stack of the most convincing Ly\alpha\ emitters with $\langle z\rangle=7.2$ is consistent with that of the rest-frame UV continuum. Extended Ly$\alpha$ emission, if present, has a surface brightness below our detection limit, consistent with the properties of lower redshift comparison samples. From the stack we estimate upper limits on rest-frame UV emission line ratios and find $f_\textrm{CIV} / f_\textrm{Ly${\alpha}$} \lesssim 0.32$ and $f_\textrm{CIII]} / f_\textrm{Ly$\alpha$} \lesssim 0.23$ in good agreement with other values published in the literature., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 23 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables

Published
2015
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13. Fabricating large two-dimensional single colloidal crystals by doping with active particles

Author

van der Meer, B., Filion, L., and Dijkstra, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using simulations we explore the behaviour of two-dimensional colloidal (poly)crystals doped with active particles. We show that these active dopants can provide an elegant new route to removing grain boundaries in polycrystals. Specifically, we show that active dopants both generate and are attracted to defects, such as vacancies and interstitials, which leads to clustering of dopants at grain boundaries. The active particles both broaden and enhance the mobility of the grain boundaries, causing rapid coarsening of the crystal domains. The remaining defects recrystallize upon turning off the activity of the dopants, resulting in a large-scale single-domain crystal., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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14. ALMA [C II] 158 μm Detection of a Redshift 7 Lensed Galaxy behind RX J1347.1-1145

Author

Bradač, M, Garcia-Appadoo, D, Huang, KH, Vallini, L, Finney, EQ, Hoag, A, Lemaux, BC, Schmidt, KB, Treu, T, Carilli, C, Dijkstra, M, Ferrara, A, Fontana, A, Jones, T, Ryan, R, Wagg, J, and Gonzalez, AH

Subjects
dark ages, reionization, first stars, galaxies: clusters: individual, galaxies: high-redshift, gravitational lensing: strong, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, dark ages, reionization, first stars, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

We present the results of ALMA spectroscopic follow-up of a z =6.766 Lyα emitting galaxy behind the cluster RX J1347.1-1145. We report the detection of [C ii] 158 μm line fully consistent with the Lyα redshift and with the peak of the optical emission. Given the magnification of μ =5.0 ±0.3, the intrinsic (corrected for lensing) luminosity of the [C ii] line is L [C ii] = 1.4+0.2-0.3 × 107 L⊙, roughly ∼5 times fainter than other detections of z ∼ 7 galaxies. The result indicates that low L [C ii] in z ∼ 7 galaxies compared to the local counterparts might be caused by their low metallicities and/or feedback. The small velocity offset (δv = 20+140-40 Km s-1) between the Lyα and [C ii] line is unusual, and may be indicative of ionizing photons escaping.

Published
2017

15. Alternatieve monstername voor moleculaire diagnostiek

Author

Jong, A. de, Dorigo, J., Wallaart, E., Dijkstra, M., Atsma, A., Jong, A. de, Dorigo, J., Wallaart, E., Dijkstra, M., and Atsma, A.

Abstract

Het Waterexpertisecentrum van Vitens neemt regelmatig watermonsters voor moleculaire diagnostiek in steriele monsterflessen met conserveringsmiddel en verwerkt ze daarna in het laboratorium. Een alternatieve bemonsteringsmethode is de Dual Filter Capsule-methode van Sylphium, waarbij filtratie van het water en conservering van DNA of RNA uit micro-organismen direct bij monstername plaatsvindt. Het WEC en Deltares hebben deze methode met moleculaire meetmethodes getest op aanwezigheid van Legionella en Escherichia coli/enterococcen in verschillende watermatrices. Dit onderzoek laat zien dat het gebruik van de DFC-methode voor DNA-analyses voor drinkwater ook potentie heeft.

Published
2024

16. Onderzoek naar alternatieve monstername voor moleculaire diagnostiek - Vermoldia

Author

Jong, A. de, Dorigo, J., Warmink, J., Wallaart, E., Atsma, A., Dijkstra, M., Willigen, S. van, Roosma, A., Jong, A. de, Dorigo, J., Warmink, J., Wallaart, E., Atsma, A., Dijkstra, M., Willigen, S. van, and Roosma, A.

Abstract

Dit onderzoek richt zich op een nieuwe methode voor het conserveren van drinkwatermonsters voor moleculaire diagnostiek. Het vermoeden is dat het RNA/DNA in watermonsters na bemonstering niet voldoende geconserveerd is, wat kan leiden tot een lagere detectie van bacterieel RNA/DNA bij gebruik van bepaalde diagnostische methoden.

Published
2024

17. The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). I. Survey overview and first data release

Author

Treu, T., Schmidt, K. B., Brammer, G. B., Vulcani, B., Wang, X., Bradač, M., Dijkstra, M., Dressler, A., Fontana, A., Gavazzi, R., Henry, A. L., Hoag, A., Huang, K. H., Jones, T. A., Kelly, P. L., Malkan, M. A., Mason, C., Pentericci, L., Poggianti, B., Stiavelli, M., Trenti, M., and von der Linden, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We give an overview of the Grism Lens Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS), a large Hubble Space Telescope program aimed at obtaining grism spectroscopy of the fields of ten massive clusters of galaxies at redshift z=0.308-0.686, including the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF). The Wide Field Camera 3 yields near infrared spectra of the cluster cores, covering the wavelength range 0.81-1.69mum through grisms G102 and G141, while the Advanced Camera for Surveys in parallel mode provides G800L spectra of the infall regions of the clusters. The WFC3 spectra are taken at two almost orthogonal position angles in order to minimize the effects of confusion. After summarizing the scientific drivers of GLASS, we describe the sample selection as well as the observing strategy and data processing pipeline. We then utilize MACSJ0717.5+3745, a HFF cluster and the first one observed by GLASS, to illustrate the data quality and the high-level data products. Each spectrum brighter than H_AB=23 is visually inspected by at least two co-authors and a redshift is measured when sufficient information is present in the spectra. Furthermore, we conducted a thorough search for emission lines through all the GLASS WFC3 spectra with the aim of measuring redshifts for sources with continuum fainter than H_AB=23. We provide a catalog of 139 emission-line based spectroscopic redshifts for extragalactic sources, including three new redshifts of multiple image systems (one probable, two tentative). In addition to the data itself we also release software tools that are helpful to navigate the data., Comment: ApJ in press. GLASS data available at https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/glass/ . More info on GLASS available at http://glass.physics.ucsb.edu/

Published
2015
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18. DETECTION of LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION from A TRIPLY IMAGED z = 6.85 GALAXY behind MACS J2129.4-0741

Author

Huang, KH, Lemaux, BC, Schmidt, KB, Hoag, A, Bradač, M, Treu, T, Dijkstra, M, Fontana, A, Henry, A, Malkan, M, Mason, C, Morishita, T, Pentericci, L, Ryan, RE, Trenti, M, and Wang, X

Subjects
galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, gravitational lensing: strong, methods: data analysis, astro-ph.GA, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

We report the detection of Lyα emission at ∼9538 Å in the Keck/DEIMOS and Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 G102 grism data from a triply imaged galaxy at behind galaxy cluster MACS J2129.4-0741. Combining the emission line wavelength with broadband photometry, line ratio upper limits, and lens modeling, we rule out the scenario that this emission line is [O ii] at z = 1.57. After accounting for magnification, we calculate the weighted average of the intrinsic Lyα luminosity to be and Lyα equivalent width to be 74 ± 15 Å. Its intrinsic UV absolute magnitude at 1600 Å is -18.6 ± 0.2 mag and stellar mass , making it one of the faintest (intrinsic ) galaxies with Lyα detection at to date. Its stellar mass is in the typical range for the galaxies thought to dominate the reionization photon budget at the inferred Lyα escape fraction is high (%), which could be common for sub-L∗ galaxies with Lyα emission. This galaxy offers a glimpse of the galaxy population that is thought to drive reionization, and it shows that gravitational lensing is an important avenue for probing the sub-L∗ galaxy population.

Published
2016

19. THE GRISM LENS-AMPLIFIED SURVEY FROM SPACE (GLASS). III. A CENSUS OF Lyα EMISSION AT FROM HST SPECTROSCOPY

Author

Schmidt, KB, Treu, T, Bradač, M, Vulcani, B, Huang, K-H, Hoag, A, Maseda, M, Guaita, L, Pentericci, L, Brammer, GB, Dijkstra, M, Dressler, A, Fontana, A, Henry, AL, Jones, TA, Mason, C, Trenti, M, and Wang, X

Subjects
galaxies: high-redshift, methods: data analysis, techniques: spectroscopic, astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a census of Lyα emission at z ≳ 7, utilizing deep near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy from the first six completed clusters of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). In 24/159 photometrically selected galaxies we detect emission lines consistent with Lyα in the GLASS spectra. Based on the distribution of signal-to-noise ratios and on simulations, we expect the completeness and the purity of the sample to be 40%-100% and 60%-90%, respectively. For the objects without detected emission lines we show that the observed (not corrected for lensing magnification) 1σ flux limits reach 5 × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 per position angle over the full wavelength range of GLASS (0.8-1.7 μm). Based on the conditional probability of Lyα emission measured from the ground at z ∼ 7, we would have expected 12-18 Lyα emitters. This is consistent with the number of detections, within the uncertainties, confirming the drop in Lyα emission with respect to z ∼ 6. Deeper follow-up spectroscopy, here exemplified by Keck spectroscopy, is necessary to improve our estimates of completeness and purity and to confirm individual candidates as true Lyα emitters. These candidates include a promising source at z = 8.1. The spatial extent of Lyα in a deep stack of the most convincing Lyα emitters with 'z' = 7.2 is consistent with that of the rest-frame UV continuum. Extended Lyα emission, if present, has a surface brightness below our detection limit, consistent with the properties of lower-redshift comparison samples. From the stack we estimate upper limits on rest-frame UV emission line ratios and find fC IV/fLyα ≳ 0.32 and fC III/fLyα ≳ 0.32, in good agreement with other values published in the literature.

Published
2016

20. THE GRISM LENS-AMPLIFIED SURVEY FROM SPACE (GLASS). III. A CENSUS OF Lyα EMISSION AT z ≳ 7 FROM HST SPECTROSCOPY

Author

Schmidt, KB, Treu, T, Bradač, M, Vulcani, B, Huang, KH, Hoag, A, Maseda, M, Guaita, L, Pentericci, L, Brammer, GB, Dijkstra, M, Dressler, A, Fontana, A, Henry, AL, Jones, TA, Mason, C, Trenti, M, and Wang, X

Subjects
galaxies: high-redshift, methods: data analysis, techniques: spectroscopic, astro-ph.GA, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present a census of Lyα emission at z ≳ 7, utilizing deep near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy from the first six completed clusters of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). In 24/159 photometrically selected galaxies we detect emission lines consistent with Lyα in the GLASS spectra. Based on the distribution of signal-to-noise ratios and on simulations, we expect the completeness and the purity of the sample to be 40%-100% and 60%-90%, respectively. For the objects without detected emission lines we show that the observed (not corrected for lensing magnification) 1σ flux limits reach 5 × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 per position angle over the full wavelength range of GLASS (0.8-1.7 μm). Based on the conditional probability of Lyα emission measured from the ground at z ∼ 7, we would have expected 12-18 Lyα emitters. This is consistent with the number of detections, within the uncertainties, confirming the drop in Lyα emission with respect to z ∼ 6. Deeper follow-up spectroscopy, here exemplified by Keck spectroscopy, is necessary to improve our estimates of completeness and purity and to confirm individual candidates as true Lyα emitters. These candidates include a promising source at z = 8.1. The spatial extent of Lyα in a deep stack of the most convincing Lyα emitters with 'z' = 7.2 is consistent with that of the rest-frame UV continuum. Extended Lyα emission, if present, has a surface brightness below our detection limit, consistent with the properties of lower-redshift comparison samples. From the stack we estimate upper limits on rest-frame UV emission line ratios and find fC IV/fLyα ≳ 0.32 and fC III/fLyα ≳ 0.32, in good agreement with other values published in the literature.

Published
2016

21. Determination of the positions and orientations of concentrated rod-like colloids from 3D microscopy data

Author

Besseling, T. H., Hermes, M., Kuijk, A., de Nijs, B., Deng, T. -S., Dijkstra, M., Imhof, A., and van Blaaderen, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Confocal microscopy in combination with real-space particle tracking has proven to be a powerful tool in scientific fields such as soft matter physics, materials science and cell biology. However, 3D tracking of anisotropic particles in concentrated phases remains not as optimized compared to algorithms for spherical particles. To address this problem, we developed a new particle-fitting algorithm that can extract the positions and orientations of fluorescent rod-like particles from three dimensional confocal microscopy data stacks, even when the fluorescent signals of the particles overlap considerably. We demonstrate that our algorithm correctly identifies all five coordinates of uniaxial particles in both a concentrated disordered phase and a liquid-crystalline smectic-B phase. Apart from confocal microscopy images, we also demonstrate that the algorithm can be used to identify nanorods in 3D electron tomography reconstructions. Lastly, we determined the accuracy of the algorithm using both simulated and experimental confocal microscopy data-stacks of diffusing silica rods in a dilute suspension. This novel particle-fitting algorithm allows for the study of structure and dynamics in both dilute and dense liquid-crystalline phases (such as nematic, smectic and crystalline phases) as well as the study of the glass transition of rod-like particles in three dimensions on the single particle level., Comment: 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2014
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22. Density Functional Theory for Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

Author

Belli, S., Dussi, S., Dijkstra, M., and van Roij, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Even though chiral nematic phases were the first liquid crystals experimentally observed more than a century ago, the origin of the thermodynamic stability of cholesteric states is still unclear. In this Letter we address the problem by means of a novel density functional theory for the equilibrium pitch of chiral particles. When applied to right-handed hard helices, our theory predicts an entropy-driven cholesteric phase, which can be either right- or left-handed, depending not only on the particle shape but also on the thermodynamic state. We explain the origin of the chiral ordering as an interplay between local nematic alignment and excluded-volume differences between left- and right-handed particle pairs.

Published
2014
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23. New observations of z~7 galaxies: evidence for a patchy reionization

Author

Pentericci, L., Vanzella, E., Fontana, A., Castellano, M., Treu, T., Mesinger, A., Dijkstra, M., Grazian, A., Bradač, M., Conselice, C., Cristiani, S., Dunlop, J., Galametz, A., Giavalisco, M., Giallongo, E., Koekemoer, A., McLure, R., Maiolino, R., Paris, D, and Santini, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present new results from our search for z~7 galaxies from deep spectroscopic observations of candidate z-dropouts in the CANDELS fields. Despite the extremely low flux limits achieved by our sensitive observations, only 2 galaxies have robust redshift identifications, one from its Lyalpha emission line at z=6.65, the other from its Lyman-break, i.e. the continuum discontinuity at the Lyalpha wavelength consistent with a redshift 6.42, but with no emission line. In addition, for 23 galaxies we present deep limits in the Lyalpha EW derived from the non detections in ultra-deep observations. Using this new data as well as previous samples, we assemble a total of 68 candidate z~7 galaxies with deep spectroscopic observations, of which 12 have a line detection. With this much enlarged sample we can place solid constraints on the declining fraction of Ly$\alpha$ emission in z~7 Lyman break galaxies compared to z~6, both for bright and faint galaxies. Applying a simple analytical model, we show that the present data favor a patchy reionization process rather than a smooth one., Comment: match published version

Published
2014
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24. Through the looking GLASS: HST spectroscopy of faint galaxies lensed by the Frontier Fields cluster MACS0717.5+3745

Author

Schmidt, K. B., Treu, T., Brammer, G. B., Bradac, M., Wang, X., Dijkstra, M., Dressler, A., Fontana, A., Gavazzi, R., Henry, A. L., Hoag, A., Jones, T. A., Kelly, P. L., Malkan, M. A., Mason, C., Pentericci, L., Poggianti, B., Stiavelli, M., Trenti, M., von der Linden, A., and Vulcani, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Large Program, which will obtain 140 orbits of grism spectroscopy of the core and infall regions of 10 galaxy clusters, selected to be among the very best cosmic telescopes. Extensive HST imaging is available from many sources including the CLASH and Frontier Fields programs. We introduce the survey by analyzing spectra of faint multiply-imaged galaxies and $z\gtrsim6$ galaxy candidates obtained from the first seven orbits out of fourteen targeting the core of the Frontier Fields cluster MACS0717.5+3745. Using the G102 and G141 grisms to cover the wavelength range 0.8-1.7$\mu$m, we confirm 4 strongly lensed systems by detecting emission lines in each of the images. For the 9 $z\gtrsim6$ galaxy candidates clear from contamination, we do not detect any emission lines down to a seven-orbit 1$\sigma$ noise level of $\sim$5$\times$10$^{-18}$erg s$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$. Taking lensing magnification into account, our flux sensitivity reaches $\sim$0.2-5$\times$10$^{-18}$erg s$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$. These limits over an uninterrupted wavelength range rule out the possibility that the high-$z$ galaxy candidates are instead strong line emitters at lower redshift. These results show that by means of careful modeling of the background - and with the assistance of lensing magnification - interesting flux limits can be reached for large numbers of objects, avoiding pre-selection and the wavelength restrictions inherent to ground-based multi-slit spectroscopy. These observations confirm the power of slitless HST spectroscopy even in fields as crowded as a cluster core., Comment: Accepted by ApJ letters, 8 pages, 4 figures, GLASS website at http://glass.physics.ucsb.edu

Published
2014
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25. Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

Author

Matuozzo, D, Talouarn, E, Marchal, A, Zhang, P, Manry, J, Seeleuthner, Y, Zhang, Y, Bolze, A, Chaldebas, M, Milisavljevic, B, Gervais, A, Bastard, P, Asano, T, Bizien, L, Barzaghi, F, Abolhassani, H, Abou Tayoun, A, Aiuti, A, Alavi Darazam, I, Allende, L, Alonso-Arias, R, Arias, A, Aytekin, G, Bergman, P, Bondesan, S, Bryceson, Y, Bustos, I, Cabrera-Marante, O, Carcel, S, Carrera, P, Casari, G, Chaibi, K, Colobran, R, Condino-Neto, A, Covill, L, Delmonte, O, El Zein, L, Flores, C, Gregersen, P, Gut, M, Haerynck, F, Halwani, R, Hancerli, S, Hammarstrom, L, Hatipoglu, N, Karbuz, A, Keles, S, Kyheng, C, Leon-Lopez, R, Franco, J, Mansouri, D, Martinez-Picado, J, Metin Akcan, O, Migeotte, I, Morange, P, Morelle, G, Martin-Nalda, A, Novelli, G, Novelli, A, Palabiyik, F, Pan-Hammarstrom, Q, de Diego, R, Planas-Serra, L, Pleguezuelo, D, Prando, C, Pujol, A, Reyes, L, Riviere, J, Rodriguez-Gallego, C, Rojas, J, Rovere-Querini, P, Schluter, A, Shahrooei, M, Sobh, A, Soler-Palacin, P, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y, Tipu, I, Tresoldi, C, Troya, J, van de Beek, D, Zatz, M, Zawadzki, P, Al-Muhsen, S, Alosaimi, M, Alsohime, F, Baris-Feldman, H, Butte, M, Constantinescu, S, Cooper, M, Dalgard, C, Fellay, J, Heath, J, Lau, Y, Lifton, R, Maniatis, T, Mogensen, T, von Bernuth, H, Lermine, A, Vidaud, M, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Nussbaum, R, Kahn-Kirby, A, Mentre, F, Tubiana, S, Gorochov, G, Tubach, F, Hausfater, P, Al-Mulla, F, Anderson, M, Andreakos, E, Feldman, H, Belot, A, Biggs, C, Bogunovic, D, Bondarenko, A, Bousfiha, A, Brodin, P, Bustamante, C, Chakravorty, S, Christodoulou, J, Desai, M, Drolet, B, Baghdadi, J, Espinosa-Padilla, S, Froidure, A, Hagin, D, Henrickson, S, Hsieh, E, Husebye, E, Imai, K, Itan, Y, Jarvis, E, Karamitros, T, Kisand, K, Ku, C, Ling, Y, Lucas, C, Marodi, L, Milner, J, Mironska, K, Morio, T, Ng, L, O'Farrelly, C, Okada, S, Planas, A, Quintana-Murci, L, Renia, L, Resnick, I, Sancho-Shimizu, V, Sediva, A, Seppanen, M, Shcherbina, A, Slaby, O, Snow, A, Spaan, A, Tancevski, I, Tangye, S, Ramaswamy, S, Turvey, S, Uddin, F, Uddin, M, Vinh, D, Casanova, J, Vacher, Y, Gysembergh-Houal, A, Demerville, L, Chachoua, A, Abad, S, Abassi, R, Abdellaoui, A, Abdelmalek, A, Abdoul, H, Abergel, H, Abeud, F, Abgrall, S, Abisror, N, Adechian, M, Aderdour, N, Admane, H, Adnet, F, Afritt, S, Agostini, H, Aguilar, C, Agut, S, Aiello, T, Kaci, M, Oufella, H, Ajeenthiravasan, G, Alauzy, V, Alby-Laurent, F, Allard, L, Alyanakian, M, Borrero, B, Amam, S, Amrouche, L, Andronikof, M, Anglicheau, D, Anguel, N, Annane, D, Aounzou, M, Aparicio, C, Aratus, G, Arlet, J, Arzoine, J, Aslangul, E, Assefi, M, Aubry, A, Audiffred, L, Audureau, E, Auger, C, Auregan, J, Awotar, C, Milla, S, Azan, D, Azemar, L, Azzouguen, B, Elrufaai, M, Badsi, A, Bakouboula, P, Balcerowiak, C, Balde, F, Baldivia, E, Bangamingo, E, Baptiste, A, Baran-Marszak, F, Barau, C, Barget, N, Baronnet, F, Barthelemy, R, Baudel, J, Baudry, C, Baudry, E, Beaugerie, L, Belamri, A, Belaube, N, Belilita, R, Bellassen, P, Belmokhtar, R, Beltran, I, Benainous, R, Benallaoua, M, Benamouzig, R, Benbara, A, Benhida, J, Benkhelouf, A, Benlagha, J, Benmostafa, C, Benothmane, S, Bentifraouine, M, Berard, L, Bernier, Q, Berti, E, Bertier, A, Berton, L, Bessis, S, Beurton, A, Bianco, C, Bianquis, C, Bidar, F, Blanche, P, Blayau, C, Bleibtreu, A, Blin, E, Bloch-Queyrat, C, Boissier, M, Bollens, D, Bolzoni, M, Bompard, R, Bonnet, N, Bonnouvrier, J, Botha, S, Boucenna, W, Bouchama, F, Bouchaud, O, Bouchghoul, H, Boudjebla, T, Boudjema, N, Bouffard, C, Bougle, A, Bouguerra, M, Bouras, L, Bourcier, A, Durand, A, Bourrier, A, Bouscarat, F, Bouvry, D, Bouziri, N, Bouzrara, O, Bribier, S, Brugier, D, Brunel, M, Bui, E, Buisson, A, Bukreyeva, I, Bureau, C, Cadranel, J, Cailhol, J, Calin, R, Vega, C, Canavaggio, P, Cancella, M, Cantin, D, Cao, A, Carbillon, L, Carlier, N, Cassard, C, Castor, G, Cauchy, M, Cha, O, Chaigne, B, Challal, S, Champion, K, Chariot, P, Chas, J, Chauveau, S, Chauvin, A, Chauvin, C, Chavarot, N, Chebbout, K, Cherai, M, Cherubini, I, Chevalier, A, Chiarabini, T, Chinet, T, Chocron, R, Choinier, P, Chommeloux, J, Choquet, C, Choupeaux, L, Chousterman, B, Ciocan, D, Clarke, A, Clavere, G, Clavier, F, Clement, K, Clerc, S, Cohen, Y, Cohen, F, Cohen, A, Coilly, A, Colboc, H, Colin, P, Collet, M, Comarmond, C, Combacon, E, Combes, A, Comparon, C, Constantin, J, Cordel, H, Cordier, A, Costantini, A, Chalumeau, N, Couffignal, C, Coupeau, D, Creange, A, Lamarre, Y, Da Silveira, C, Kayani, S, De Castro, N, De Rycke, Y, Del Pozo, L, Delannoy, Q, Delay, M, Deleris, R, Delforge, J, Delphine, L, Demare, N, Demeret, S, Demoule, A, Deniau, A, Depret, F, Derolez, S, Derradji, O, Derridj, N, Descamps, V, Deschamps, L, Desconclois, C, Desnos, C, Desongins, K, Dhote, R, Diallo, B, Didier, M, Diemer, M, Diez, S, Djadi-Prat, J, Monnory, F, Djebara, S, Djebra, N, Djietcheu, M, Djillali, H, Djouadi, N, Donneger, S, Dos Santos, C, Dournon, N, Dres, M, Droctove, L, Drogrey, M, Dropy, M, Drouet, E, Dubosq, V, Dubreucq, E, Dubus, E, Duchemann, B, Duchenoy, T, Dudoignon, E, Dufau, R, Dumas, F, Duran, C, Duron, E, Durrbach, A, Duvivier, C, Ebstein, N, Khalifa, J, Elabbadi, A, Elie, C, Ernotte, G, Esling, A, Etienne, M, Eyer, X, Fartoukh, M, Fayali, T, Fermaut, M, Fiorentino, A, Fliss, S, Fournier, M, Fournier, B, Francois, H, Freynet, O, Frigout, Y, Fromont, I, Fuentes, A, Furet, T, Galand, J, Garnier, M, Gaubert, A, Gaudry, S, Gaugain, S, Gauthier, D, Gautier, M, Georgin-Lavialle, S, Geromin, D, Ghalayini, M, Ghaleh, B, Ghezal, M, Gibelin, A, Gimeno, L, Girard, B, Leprieur, B, Gomes, D, Gomes-Pires, E, Gouge, A, Gouja, A, Goulet, H, Goupil, S, De Bouille, J, Gras, J, Greffe, S, Grimaldi, L, Guedeney, P, Guidet, B, Guillo, M, Gulczynski, M, Hadjam, T, Haguenauer, D, Hammal, S, Hammoudi, N, Hanon, O, Harrois, A, Hautem, C, Hekimian, G, Heming, N, Hermine, O, Ho, S, Houllier, M, Huot, B, Huscenot, T, Saied, W, Ikherbane, G, Imarazene, M, Ingiliz, P, Iratni, L, 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I., Ikherbane G., Imarazene M., Ingiliz P., Iratni L., Jaureguiberry S., Jean-Marc J. -F., Jeyarajasingham D., Jouany P., Jouis V., Jourdaine C., Kafif O., Kallala R., Katsahian S., Kelesyan L., Keo V., Ketz F., Khamis W., Khelili E., Khellaf M., Youkou C. G. K., Kounis I., Kpalma G., Krause J., Labbe V., Lacombe K., Lacorte J. -M., Lafont A. G., Lafont E., Lagha L., Lamhaut L., Lancelot A., Landman C., Lanternier F., Larcheveque C., Combe C. L., Lassel L., Laverdant B., Lavergne C., Lavillegrand J. -R., Lazureanu P., Le Guennec L., Leberre L., Leblanc C., Leboyer M., Lecomte F., Lecorre M., Leenhardt R., Lefebvre M., Lefebvre B., Legendre P., Leger A., Legros L., Legrosse J., Lehuunghia S., Lemarec J., Leporrier-Ext J., Lesein M., Lesur H., Levy V., Levy A., Lopes E., Lopes A., Lopez V., Lopinto J., Lortholary O., Louadah B., Loze B., Lucas M. -L., Lucasamichi A., Luong L. B., Magazimama-Ext A., Maingret D., Mameri L., Manivet P., Mansouri C., Marcault E., Marey J., Marin N., Marois C., Martin O., Martineau L., Martinez-Lopez C., Martyniuck P., De Farcy P. M., Marzouk N., Masmoudi R., Mebazaa A., Mechai F., Mecozzi F., Mediouni C., Megarbane B., Meghadecha M., Mejean E., Mekinian A., Abdelhadi N. M., Mekni R., Meliti T. S., Lima B. M., Meng P., Merbah S., Messani F., Messaoudi Y., Mewasing B. -I., Meziane L., Michelot-Burger C., Mignot F., Minka F. H., Miyara M., Moine P., Molina J. -M., Montegnies-Boulet A., Monti A., Montlahuc C., Montout A. -L., Moores A., Morbieu C., Mortelette H., Mouly S., Muzaffar R., Nacerddine C. I., Nadal M., Nadif H., Nassarmadji K., Natella P., Ndingamondze S., Neraal S., Nguyen C., N'Guyen B., Larmurier I. N., Nlomenyengue L., Noel N., Nunes H., Omar E., Ouazene Z., Ouedraogo E., Ouelaa W., Oukhedouma A., Amara Y. 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B., Badsi A., Bakouboula P., Balcerowiak C., Balde F., Baldivia E., Bangamingo E. -F., Baptiste A., Baran-Marszak F., Barau C., Barget N., Baronnet F., Barthelemy R., Baudel J. -L., Baudry C., Baudry E., Beaugerie L., Belamri A., Belaube N., Belilita R., Bellassen P., Belmokhtar R., Beltran I., Benainous R., Benallaoua M., Benamouzig R., Benbara A., Benhida J., Benkhelouf A., Benlagha J., Benmostafa C., Benothmane S., Bentifraouine M., Berard L., Bernier Q., Berti E., Bertier A., Berton L., Bessis S., Beurton A., Bianco C., Bianquis C., Bidar F., Blanche P., Blayau C., Bleibtreu A., Blin E., Bloch-Queyrat C., Boissier M. -C., Bollens D., Bolzoni M., Bompard R., Bonnet N., Bonnouvrier J., Botha S., Boucenna W., Bouchama F., Bouchaud O., Bouchghoul H., Boudjebla T., Boudjema N., Bouffard C., Bougle A., Bouguerra M., Bouras L., Bourcier A., Durand A. 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Abstract

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15–20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases. Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded. Results: No gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5–528.7, P = 1.1 × 10−4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3–8.2], P = 2.1 × 10−4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1–2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10−3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3–8.4], P = 7.7 × 10−8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10−5). Conclusions: Rare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old.

Published
2023

26. THE GRISM LENS-AMPLIFIED SURVEY FROM SPACE (GLASS). I. SURVEY OVERVIEW AND FIRST DATA RELEASE

Author

Treu, T, Schmidt, KB, Brammer, GB, Vulcani, B, Wang, X, Bradač, M, Dijkstra, M, Dressler, A, Fontana, A, Gavazzi, R, Henry, AL, Hoag, A, Huang, K-H, Jones, TA, Kelly, PL, Malkan, MA, Mason, C, Pentericci, L, Poggianti, B, Stiavelli, M, Trenti, M, and von der Linden, A

Subjects
gravitational lensing: strong, astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

We give an overview of the Grism Lens Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS), a large Hubble Space Telescope program aimed at obtaining grism spectroscopy of the fields of 10 massive clusters of galaxies at redshift z = 0.308-0.686, including the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF). The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) yields near-infrared spectra of the cluster cores covering the wavelength range 0.81-1.69 μm through grisms G102 and G141, while the Advanced Camera for Surveys in parallel mode provides G800L spectra of the infall regions of the clusters. The WFC3 spectra are taken at two almost orthogonal position angles in order to minimize the effects of confusion. After summarizing the scientific drivers of GLASS, we describe the sample selection as well as the observing strategy and data processing pipeline. We then utilize MACS J0717.5+3745, a HFF cluster and the first one observed by GLASS, to illustrate the data quality and the high-level data products. Each spectrum brighter than is visually inspected by at least two co-authors and a redshift is measured when sufficient information is present in the spectra. Furthermore, we conducted a thorough search for emission lines through all of the GLASS WFC3 spectra with the aim of measuring redshifts for sources with continuum fainter than We provide a catalog of 139 emission-line-based spectroscopic redshifts for extragalactic sources, including three new redshifts of multiple image systems (one probable, two tentative). In addition to the data itself, we also release software tools that are helpful to navigate the data.

Published
2015

27. The Lyα line profiles of ultraluminous infrared galaxies: Fast winds and Lyman continuum leakage

Author

Martin, CL, Dijkstra, M, Henry, A, Soto, KT, Danforth, CW, and Wong, J

Subjects
galaxies: evolution, hydrodynamics, instabilities, line: profiles, radiative transfer, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present new Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph far-ultraviolet (far-UV) spectroscopy and Keck Echellete optical spectroscopy of 11 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), a rare population of local galaxies experiencing massive gas inflows, extreme starbursts, and prominent outflows. We detect Lyα emission from eight ULIRGs and the companion to IRAS09583+4714. In contrast to the P Cygni profiles often seen in galaxy spectra, the Lyα profiles exhibit prominent, blueshifted emission out to Doppler shifts exceeding -1000 km s-1 in three H ii-dominated and two AGN-dominated ULIRGs. To better understand the role of resonance scattering in shaping the Lyα line profiles, we directly compare them to non-resonant emission lines in optical spectra. We find that the line wings are already present in the intrinsic nebular spectra, and scattering merely enhances the wings relative to the line core. The Lyα attenuation (as measured in the COS aperture) ranges from that of the far-UV continuum to over 100 times more. A simple radiative transfer model suggests the Lyα photons escape through cavities which have low column densities of neutral hydrogen and become optically thin to the Lyman continuum in the most advanced mergers. We show that the properties of the highly blueshifted line wings on the Lyα and optical emission-line profiles are consistent with emission from clumps of gas condensing out of a fast, hot wind. The luminosity of the Lyα emission increases nonlinearly with the ULIRG bolometric luminosity and represents about 0.1-1% of the radiative cooling from the hot winds in the H ii-dominated ULIRGs.

Published
2015

28. Highly cooperative stress relaxation in two-dimensional soft colloidal crystals

Author

van der Meer, B., Qi, W., Fokkink, R., van der Gucht, J., Dijkstra, M., and Sprakel, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Stress relaxation in crystalline solids is mediated by the formation and diffusion of defects. While it is well established how externally-generated stresses relax, through the proliferation and motion of dislocations in the lattice, it remains relatively unknown how crystals cope with internal stresses. We investigate, both experimentally and in simulations, how highly localized stresses relax in two-dimensional soft colloidal crystals. When a single particle is actively excited, by means of optical tweezing, a rich variety of highly collective stress relaxation mechanisms results. These manifest in the form of open strings of cooperatively moving particles through the motion of dissociated vacancy-interstitial pairs, and closed loops of mobile particles, which either result from cooperative rotations in transiently generated circular grain boundaries or through the closure of an open string by annihilation of a vacancy-interstitial pair. Surprisingly, we find that the same collective events occur in crystals which are excited by thermal fluctuations alone; a large thermal agitation inside the crystal lattice can trigger the irreversible displacements of hundreds of particles. Our results illustrate how local stresses can induce large scale cooperative dynamics in two-dimensional soft colloidal crystals and shed new light on the stabilisation mechanisms in ultrasoft crystals.

Published
2013
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29. Resolving the optical emission lines of Lya blob 'B1' at z=2.38: another hidden quasar

Author

Overzier, R. A., Nesvadba, N. P. H., Dijkstra, M., Hatch, N. A., Lehnert, M. D., Villar-Martín, M., Wilman, R. J., and Zirm, A. W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We have used the SINFONI near-infrared integral field unit on the VLT to resolve the optical emission line structure of one of the brightest (L~1e44 erg/s) and nearest (z=2.38) of all Lya blobs (LABs). The target, known in the literature as object 'B1' (Francis et al. 1996), lies at a redshift where the main optical emission lines are accessible in the observed near-infrared. We detect luminous [OIII]4959,5007A and Ha emission with a spatial extent of at least 32x40 kpc (4"x5"). The dominant optical emission line component shows relatively broad lines (600-800 km/s, FWHM) and line ratios consistent with AGN-photoionization. The new evidence for AGN photoionization, combined with previously detected CIV and luminous, warm infrared emission, suggest that B1 is the site of a hidden quasar. This is confirmed by the fact that [OII] is relatively weak compared to [OIII] (extinction-corrected [OIII]/[OII] of about 3.8), which is indicative of a high, Seyfert-like ionization parameter. From the [OIII] luminosity we infer a bolometric AGN luminosity of ~3e46 erg/s, and further conclude that the obscured AGN may be Compton-thick given existing X-ray limits. The large line widths observed are consistent with clouds moving within the narrow line region of a luminous QSO. The AGN scenario is capable of producing sufficient ionizing photons to power the Lya, even in the presence of dust. By performing a census of similar objects in the literature, we find that virtually all luminous LABs harbor obscured quasars. Based on simple duty-cycle arguments, we conclude that AGN are the main drivers of the Lya in LABs rather than the gravitational heating and subsequent cooling suggested by cold stream models. We also conclude that the empirical relation between LABs and overdense environments at high redshift must be due to a more fundamental correlation between AGN (or massive galaxies) and environment., Comment: ApJ, Accepted (12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables)

Published
2013
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30. Free Minimization of the Fundamental Measure Theory Functional: Freezing of Parallel Hard Squares and Cubes

Author

Belli, S., Dijkstra, M., and van Roij, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Due to remarkable advances in colloid synthesis techniques, systems of squares and cubes, once an academic abstraction for theorists and simulators, are nowadays an experimental reality. By means of a free minimization of the free-energy functional, we apply Fundamental Measure Theory to analyze the phase behavior of parallel hard squares and hard cubes. We compare our results with those obtained by the traditional approach based on the Gaussian parameterization, finding small deviations and good overall agreement between the two methods. For hard squares our predictions feature at intermediate packing fraction a smectic phase, which is however expected to be unstable due to thermal fluctuations. This implies that for hard squares the theory predicts either a vacancy-rich second-order transition or a vacancy-poor weakly first-order phase transition at higher density. In accordance with previous studies, a second-order transition with a high vacancy concentration is predicted for hard cubes.

Published
2012
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31. Spectroscopic confirmation of z~7 LBGs: probing the earliest galaxies and the epoch of reionization

Author

Pentericci, L., Fontana, A., Vanzella, E., Castellano, M., Grazian, A., Dijkstra, M., Boutsia, K., Cristiani, S., Dickinson, M., Giallongo, E., Giavalisco, M., Maiolino, R., Moorwood, A., and Santini, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the final results from our ultra-deep spectroscopic campaign with FORS2 at the ESO/VLT for the confirmation of z~7 "z--band dropout" candidates selected from our VLT/Hawk-I imaging survey over three independent fields. In particular we report on two newly discovered galaxies at redshift ~6.7 in the NTT deep field: both galaxies show a Ly-alpha emission line with rest-frame EWs of the order 15-20 A and luminosities of 2-4 X 10^{42} erg/s. We also present the results of ultra-deep observations of a sample of i-dropout galaxies, from which we set a solid upper limit on the fraction of interlopers. Out of the 20 z-dropouts observed we confirm 5 galaxies at 6.7 < z < 7.1. This is systematically below the expectations drawn on the basis of lower redshift observations: in particular there is a significant lack of objects with intermediate Ly-alpha EWs (between 20 and 55 A). We conclude that the trend for the fraction of Ly-alpha emission in LBGs that is constantly increasing from z~3 to z~6 is most probably reversed from z~6 to z~7. Explaining the observed rapid change in the LAE fraction among the drop-out population with reionization requires a fast evolution of the neutral fraction of hydrogen in the Universe. Assuming that the Universe is completely ionized at z=6 and adopting the semi-analytical models of Dijkstra et al. (2011), we find that our data require a change of the neutral hydrogen fraction of the order Delta chi_{HI} ~ 0.6 in a time Delta z ~ 1, provided that the escape fraction does not increase dramatically over the same redshift interval., Comment: Submitted to ApJ

Published
2011
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32. Polydispersity stabilizes Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals

Author

Belli, S., Patti, A., Dijkstra, M., and van Roij, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Inspired by the observations of a remarkably stable biaxial nematic phase [E.v.d. Pol et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 258301 (2009)], we investigate the effect of size polydispersity on the phase behavior of a suspension of boardlike particles. By means of Onsager theory within the restricted orientation (Zwanzig) model we show that polydispersity induces a novel topology in the phase diagram, with two Landau tetracritical points in between which oblate uniaxial nematic order is favored over the expected prolate order. Additionally, this phenomenon causes the opening of a huge stable biaxiality regime in between uniaxial nematic and smectic states.

Published
2011
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33. Stellar black holes at the dawn of the universe

Author

Mirabel, I. F., Dijkstra, M., Laurent, P., Loeb, A., and Pritchard, J. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

It is well established that between 380000 and 1 billion years after the Big Bang the Inter Galactic Medium (IGM) underwent a "phase transformation" from cold and fully neutral to warm (~10^4 K) and ionized. Whether this phase transformation was fully driven and completed by photoionization by young hot stars is a question of topical interest in cosmology. AIMS. We propose here that besides the ultraviolet radiation from massive stars, feedback from accreting black holes in high-mass X-ray binaries (BH-HMXBs) was an additional, important source of heating and reionization of the IGM in regions of low gas density at large distances from star-forming galaxies. METHODS. We use current theoretical models on the formation and evolution of primitive massive stars of low metallicity, and the observations of compact stellar remnants in the near and distant universe, to infer that a significant fraction of the first generations of massive stars end up as BH-HMXBs. The total number of energetic ionizing photons from an accreting stellar black hole in an HMXB is comparable to the total number of ionizing photons of its progenitor star. However, the X-ray photons emitted by the accreting black hole are capable of producing several secondary ionizations and the ionizing power of the resulting black hole could be greater than that of its progenitor. Feedback by the large populations of BH-HMXBs heats the IGM to temperatures of ~10^4 K and maintains it ionized on large distance scales. BH-HMXBs determine the early thermal history of the universe and mantain it as ionized over large volumes of space in regions of low density. This has a direct impact on the properties of the faintest galaxies at high redshifts, the smallest dwarf galaxies in the local universe, and on the existing and future surveys at radio wavelengths of atomic hydrogen in the early universe., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2011
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34. Lyman-alpha Cooling Emission from Galaxy Formation

Author

Faucher-Giguere, C. -A., Keres, D., Dijkstra, M., Hernquist, L., and Zaldarriaga, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Recent studies have shown that galaxies accrete most of their baryons via the cold mode, from streams with temperatures T~10^4-10^5 K. At these temperatures, the streams should radiate primarily in the Lya line and have therefore been proposed as a model to power the extended, high-redshift objects known as Lya blobs and other high-redshift Lya sources. We introduce a new Lya radiative transfer code, aRT, and apply it to cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We address physical and numerical issues that are critical to making accurate predictions for the cooling luminosity, but that have been mostly neglected or treated simplistically so far. We highlight the importance of self-shielding and of properly treating sub-resolution models in simulations. Most existing simulations do not self-consistently incorporate these effects, which can lead to order-of-magnitude errors in the predicted cooling luminosity. Using a combination of post-processing ionizing radiative transfer and re-simulation techniques, we develop an approximation to the consistent evolution of the self-shielded gas. We quantify the dependence of the Lya cooling luminosity on halo mass at z=3 for the simplified problem of pure gas accretion. While cooling in massive halos (without additional energy input from star formation and AGN) is in principle sufficient to produce L_alpha~10^43-10^44 erg s^-1 blobs, this requires including energy released in gas of density sufficient to form stars, but which is kept 100% gaseous in our optimistic estimates. Excluding emission from such dense gas yields lower luminosities by up to one to two orders of magnitude at high masses, making it difficult to explain the observed Lya blobs with pure cooling. Resonant scattering produces diffuse Lya halos, even for centrally concentrated emission, and broad double peaked line profiles. [Abridged], Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures. ApJ, in press

Published
2010
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35. Adsorption Trajectories and Free-Energy Separatrices for Colloidal Particles in Contact with a Liquid-Liquid Interface

Author

de Graaf, J., Dijkstra, M., and van Roij, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

We apply the recently developed triangular tessellation technique as presented in [J. de Graaf et al., Phys. Rev. E 80, 051405 (2009)] to calculate the free energy associated with the adsorption of anisotropic colloidal particles at a flat interface. From the free-energy landscape, we analyze the adsorption process, using a simplified version of Langevin dynamics. The present result is a first step to understand the time-dependent behavior of colloids near interfaces. This study shows a wide range of adsorption trajectories, where the emphasis lies on a strong dependence of the dynamics on the orientation of the colloid at initial contact with the interface. We believe that the observed orientational dependence in our simple model can be recovered in suitable experimental systems., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table

Published
2010
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36. Dynamical Heterogeneities and Cooperative Motion in Smectic Liquid Crystals

Author

Patti, A., Masri, D. El, van Roij, R., and Dijkstra, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Using simulations of hard rods in smectic-A states, we find non-gaussian diffusion and heterogeneous dynamics due to the equilibrium periodic smectic density profiles, which give rise to permanent barriers for layer-to-layer diffusion. This relaxation behavior is surprisingly similar to that of non-equilibrium supercooled liquids, although there the particles are trapped in transient (instead of permanent) cages. Interestingly, we also find stringlike clusters of up to 10 inter-layer rods exhibiting dynamic cooperativity in this equilibrium state., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2009
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37. Screening of heterogeneous surfaces: charge renormalization of Janus particles

Author

Boon, N., Gallardo, E. Carvajal, Zheng, S., Eggen, E., Dijkstra, M., and van Roij, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Nonlinear ionic screening theory for heterogeneously charged spheres is developed in terms of a mode-decomposition of the surface charge. A far-field analysis of the resulting electrostatic potential leads to a natural generalization of charge renormalization from purely monopolar to dipolar, quadropolar, etc., including mode-couplings. Our novel scheme is generally applicable to large classes of surface heterogeneities, and is explicitly applied here to Janus spheres with differently charged upper and lower hemispheres, revealing strong renormalization effects for all multipoles., Comment: 2 figures

Published
2009

38. THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS: HST SPECTROSCOPY OF FAINT GALAXIES LENSED BY THE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER MACSJ0717.5+3745

Author

Schmidt, KB, Treu, T, Brammer, GB, Bradač, M, Wang, X, Dijkstra, M, Dressler, A, Fontana, A, Gavazzi, R, Henry, AL, Hoag, A, Jones, TA, Kelly, PL, Malkan, MA, Mason, C, Pentericci, L, Poggianti, B, Stiavelli, M, Trenti, M, von der Linden, A, and Vulcani, B

Subjects
Clinical Research, galaxies: clusters: individual, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Large Program, which will obtain 140 orbits of grism spectroscopy of the core and infall regions of 10 galaxy clusters, selected to be among the very best cosmic telescopes. Extensive HST imaging is available from many sources including the CLASH and Frontier Fields programs. We introduce the survey by analyzing spectra of faint multiply-imaged galaxies and z ≳ 6 galaxy candidates obtained from the first 7 orbits out of 14 targeting the core of the Frontier Fields cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745. Using the G102 and G141 grisms to cover the wavelength range 0.8-1.7 μm, we confirm four strongly lensed systems by detecting emission lines in each of the images. For the 9 z ≳ 6 galaxy candidates clear from contamination, we do not detect any emission lines down to a 7 orbit 1σ noise level of ∼5 × 10 -18 erg s-1 cm-2. Taking lensing magnification into account, our flux sensitivity reaches ∼0.2-5 × 10-18 erg s-1cm-2. These limits over an uninterrupted wavelength range rule out the possibility that the high-z galaxy candidates are instead strong line emitters at lower redshift. These results show that by means of careful modeling of the background - and with the assistance of lensing magnification - interesting flux limits can be reached for large numbers of objects, avoiding pre-selection and the wavelength restrictions inherent to ground-based multi-slit spectroscopy. These observations confirm the power of slitless HST spectroscopy even in fields as crowded as a cluster core. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

Published
2014

39. Prolonged indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 activity and associated cellular stress in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Guo, Lihui, primary, Appelman, Brent, additional, Mooij-Kalverda, Kirsten, additional, Houtkooper, Riekelt H., additional, van Weeghel, Michel, additional, Vaz, Frédéric M., additional, Dijkhuis, Annemiek, additional, Dekker, Tamara, additional, Smids, Barbara S., additional, Duitman, Jan Willem, additional, Bugiani, Marianna, additional, Brinkman, Paul, additional, Sikkens, Jonne J., additional, Lavell, H.A. Ayesha, additional, Wüst, Rob C.I., additional, van Vugt, Michèle, additional, Lutter, René, additional, van Agtmael, M.A., additional, Algera, A.G., additional, Appelman, B., additional, van Baarle, F.E.H.P., additional, Beudel, M., additional, Bogaard, H.J., additional, Bomers, M., additional, Bonta, P.I., additional, Bos, L.D.J., additional, Botta, M., additional, de Brabander, J., additional, de Bree, G.J., additional, de Bruin, S., additional, Bugiani, M., additional, Bulle, E.B., additional, Chouchane, O., additional, Cloherty, A.P.M., additional, Buis, D., additional, de Rotte, M.C.F.J., additional, Dijkstra, M., additional, Dongelmans, D.A., additional, Dujardin, R.W.G., additional, Elbers, P.E., additional, Fleuren, L.M., additional, Geerlings, S.E., additional, Geijtenbeek, T.B.H., additional, Girbes, A.R.J., additional, Goorhuis, A., additional, Grobusch, M.P., additional, Hagens, L.A., additional, Hamann, J., additional, Harris, V.C., additional, Hemke, R., additional, Hermans, S.M., additional, Heunks, L.M.A., additional, Hollmann, M.W., additional, Horn, J., additional, Hovius, J.W., additional, de Jong, M.D., additional, Koing, R., additional, Lim, E.H.T., additional, van Mourik, N., additional, Nellen, J.F., additional, Nossent, E.J., additional, Paulus, F., additional, Peters, E., additional, Piña-Fuentes, D., additional, van der Poll, T., additional, Preckel, B., additional, Prins, J.M., additional, Raasveld, S.J., additional, Reijnders, T.D.Y., additional, Schinkel, M., additional, Schrauwen, F.A.P., additional, Schultz, M.J., additional, Schuurman, A.R., additional, Schuurmans, J., additional, Sigaloff, K., additional, Slim, M.A., additional, Smeele, P., additional, Smit, M.R., additional, Stijnis, C., additional, Stilma, W., additional, Teunissen, C.E., additional, Thoral, P., additional, Tsonas, A.M., additional, Tuinman, P.R., additional, van der Valk, M., additional, Veelo, D.P., additional, Volleman, C., additional, de Vries, H., additional, van Vught, L.A., additional, van Vugt, M., additional, Wouters, D., additional, Zwinderman, A.H., additional, Brouwer, M.C., additional, Wiersinga, W.J., additional, Vlaar, A.P.J., additional, and van de Beek, D., additional

Published
2023
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40. Low-Drift Flow Sensor with Zero-Offset Thermopile-Based Power Feedback

Author

Dijkstra, M., Lammerink, T. S. J., De Boer, Meint, Berenschot, J. W., Wiegerink, Remco, and Elwenspoek, M.

Subjects
Computer Science - Other Computer Science
Abstract

A thermal flow sensor has been realised consisting of freely-suspended silicon-rich silicon-nitride microchannels with an integrated Al/poly-Si++ thermopile in combination with up- and downstream Al heater resistors. The inherently zero offset of the thermopile is exploited in a feedback loop controlling the dissipated power in the heater resistors, eliminating inevitable influences of resistance drift and mismatch of the thin-film metal resistors. The control system cancels the flow-induced temperature difference across the thermopile by controlling a power difference between both heater resistors, thereby giving a measure for the flow rate. The flow sensor was characterised for power difference versus water flow rates up to 1.5 ul/min, being in good agreement with a thermal model of the sensor, and the correct low-drift operation of the temperature-balancing control system has been verified., Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838)

Published
2008

41. VIMOS-VLT spectroscopy of the giant Ly-alpha nebulae associated with three z~2.5 radio galaxies

Author

Villar-Martin, M., Sanchez, S. F., Humphrey, A., Dijkstra, M., Alighieri, S. di Serego, De Breuck, C., and Delgado, R. Gonzalez

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The morphological and spectroscopic properties of the giant (>60 kpc) Ly-alpha nebulae associated with three radio galaxies at z~2.5 (MRC 1558-003, MRC 2025-218 and MRC 0140-257) have been investigated using integral field spectroscopic data obtained with VIMOS on VLT. The morphologies are varied. The nebula of one source has a centrally peaked, rounded appearance. In the other two objects, it consists of two spatial components. The three nebulae are aligned with the radio axis within <30 deg. The total Ly-alpha luminosities are in the range (0.3-3.4) x 1e44 erg s-1. The Ly-alpha spectral profile shows strong variation through the nebulae, with FWHM values in the range ~400-1500 km s-1 and velocity shifts V~120-600 km s-1. We present an infall model which can explain successfully most Ly-alpha morphological and spectroscopic properties of the nebula associated with MRC 1558-003. This adds further support to our previous conclusion that the _quiescent_ giant nebulae associated with this and other high redshift powerful radio galaxies are in infall. A problem for this model is the difficulty to reproduce the large Ly-alpha FWHM values. We have discovered a giant (~85 kpc) Ly-alpha nebula associated with the radio galaxy MRC 0140-257 at z=2.64. It shows strikingly relaxed kinematics (FWHM< 300 km s-1 and V<120 km s-1), unique among high z (>2) radio galaxies., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2007
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42. Sedimentation of binary mixtures of like- and oppositely charged colloids: the primitive model or effective pair potentials?

Author

Dijkstra, M., Zwanikken, J., and van Roij, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

We study sedimentation equilibrium of low-salt suspensions of binary mixtures of charged colloids, both by Monte Carlo simulations of an effective colloids-only system and by Poisson-Boltzmann theory of a colloid-ion mixture. We show that the theoretically predicted lifting and layering effect, which involves the entropy of the screening ions and a spontaneous macroscopic electric field [J. Zwanikken and R. van Roij, Europhys. Lett. {\bf 71}, 480 (2005)], can also be understood on the basis of an effective colloid-only system with pairwise screened-Coulomb interactions. We consider, by theory and by simulation, both repelling like-charged colloids and attracting oppositely charged colloids, and we find a re-entrant lifting and layering phenomenon when the charge ratio of the colloids varies from large positive through zero to large negative values.

Published
2005
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43. Inhomogeneous hard-sphere mixtures: Manifestations of structural crossover

Author

Grodon, C., Dijkstra, M., Evans, R., and Roth, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

We study various manifestations of structural crossover in the properties of a binary mixture of hard-spheres. For homogeneous mixtures that are sufficiently asymmetric, there is a crossover line in the phase diagram such that for thermodynamic states that lie on one side, the decay of the three bulk pair correlation functions is oscillatory with a common wavelength approximately equal to the diameter of the smaller spheres, and for states on the other side, the common wavelength is approximately the diameter of the bigger spheres. Using density functional theory we show that structural crossover manifests itself in the intermediate range decay of i) the one-body density profiles of a hard-sphere mixture adsorbed at planar walls, ii) the effective (depletion) potential between two big hard-spheres immersed in the same binary mixture and iii) the solvation force, or excess pressure, of the same mixture confined between two planar hard-walls. We determine exactly the structural crossover line for a one-dimensional binary mixture of hard-rods and present evidence, based on density functional theory calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations, for structural crossover in homogeneous binary mixtures of hard-disks in two dimensions. By considering a multicomponent mixture of hard-spheres, with an appropriate bimodal distribution of diameters, we argue that structural crossover should still occur in the presence of polydispersity and that our results could be relevant to colloidal mixtures where correlation functions can be measured using real-space techniques., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Mol. Phys

Published
2005
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44. An HI survey of the Centaurus and Sculptor Groups - Constraints on the space density of low mass galaxies

Author

de Blok, W. J. G., Zwaan, M. A., Dijkstra, M., Briggs, F. H., and Freeman, K. C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present results of two 21-cm HI surveys performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array in the nearby Centaurus A and Sculptor galaxy groups. These surveys are sensitive to compact HI clouds and galaxies with HI masses as low as 3E+06 Msun, and are therefore among the most sensitive extragalactic HI surveys to date. The surveys consist of sparsely spaced pointings that sample approximately 2% of the groups' area on the sky. We detected previously known group members, but we found no new HI clouds or galaxies down to the sensitivity limit of the surveys. If the HI mass function had a faint end slope of alpha = 1.5 below M_{HI} = 10^{7.5} Msun in these groups, we would have expected ~3 new objects. Cold dark matter theories of galaxy formation predict the existence of a large number low mass DM sub-halos that might appear as tiny satellites in galaxy groups. Our results support and extend similar conclusions derived from previous HI surveys that a HI rich population of these satellites does not exist., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2001
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45. Depletion potential in hard sphere fluids

Author

Götzelmann, B., Roth, R., Dietrich, S., Dijkstra, M., and Evans, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

A versatile new approach for calculating the depletion potential in a hard sphere mixture is presented. This is valid for any number of components and for arbitrary densities. We describe two different routes to the depletion potential for the limit in which the density of one component goes to zero. Both routes can be implemented within density functional theory and simulation. We illustrate the approach by calculating the depletion potential for a big hard sphere in a fluid of small spheres near a planar hard wall. The density functional results are in excellent agreement with simulations.

Published
1999
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48. Coulombic Surface-Ion Interactions Induce Nonlinear and Chemistry-Specific Charging Kinetics

Author

Sub Cond-Matter Theory, Stat & Comp Phys, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Theoretical Physics, Boon, W. Q., Dijkstra, M., Van Roij, R., Sub Cond-Matter Theory, Stat & Comp Phys, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Theoretical Physics, Boon, W. Q., Dijkstra, M., and Van Roij, R.

Published
2023

49. Boltzmann Generators for sampling many-body systems in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble

Author

Leeuwen, Steyn van, Dijkstra, M. (Thesis Advisor), Leeuwen, Steyn van, and Dijkstra, M. (Thesis Advisor)

Abstract

Boltzmann generators (BGs) are exact-likelihood generative models that can be used to sample equilibrium states of many-body systems from the canonical ensemble and to compute the associated Helmholtz free energy. Moreover, they can achieve an immense speed-up with respect to previous methods (i.e., Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)), because they do not need to cross free-energy barriers and can therefore avoid the rare-event problem. However, BGs are not suitable for sampling across phase transitions between phases with positional order, because these phases will generally not be commensurate to the box after the transition. In this work, we present an NPT BG. This unsupervised machine learning model can sample equilibrium states from the isobaric-isothermal ensemble. Furthermore, it could eventually be used to compute the associated Gibbs free energy and to sample across phase transitions. We show that samples generated by this model are in good agreement with samples obtained from MD simulations. Furthermore, we derive an estimate of the Gibbs free energy in terms of samples generated by the NPT BG

Published
2023

50. Florerende visduivels : Rijnlands Meervalpopulatie groeit en zwerft uit

Author

Derks, E., Schaub, B., Dijkstra, M., Derks, E., Schaub, B., and Dijkstra, M.

Abstract

De Westeinderplassen herbergen een bijzondere populatie Europese meervallen (Silurus glanis). Daarnaast lijkt het erop dat de populatie de afgelopen jaren in omvang is gegroeid.

Published
2023

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