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Contains fulltext : 297150.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVE: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health, understanding who has been affected most and why is incomplete. We sought to understand changes in mental health in the context of transmission numbers and pandemic (social) restrictions and whether changes in mental health varied among population groups. METHODS: We analyzed data from 92 062 people (aged ≥16 years and able to read Dutch) who participated in the Corona Behavioral Unit cohort study at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands, from April 17, 2020, through January 25, 2022. Participants self-reported mental well-being through multiple rounds of surveys. We used a multivariable linear mixed-effects model to analyze loneliness, general mental health, and life satisfaction. RESULTS: As strictness of pandemic prevention measures and social restrictions increased, people's feelings of loneliness increased and mental health and life satisfaction decreased. As restrictions were relaxed, loneliness decreased and general mental health improved. Younger people (aged 16-24 y) versus older people (aged ≥40 y), people with low (vs high) education levels, and people living alone (vs living together) were more likely to have negative well-being outcomes. We observed that trajectories over time differed considerably only by age, with participants aged 16-24 years affected substantially more than participants aged ≥40 years by pandemic social restrictions. These patterns were consistent across multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the social restrictions imposed by the Dutch government during the study period were associated with reduced mental well-being, especially among younger people. However, people appeared resilient as they recovered during periods when restrictions were relaxed. Monitoring and supporting well-being, in particular to reduce loneliness, may help younger people during periods of intense social restrict

Conventional electronics use the flow of electric charges and are based on standard semiconductors. Spintronic devices exploit the electrons’ spin to generate and control currents and to combine electric and magnetic signals. Today there is a strong effort worldwide to integrate spintronic devices with standard CMOS technology towards hybrid spin-CMOS chips, offering advantages in terms of power consumption, compactness, and speed. Recent results (from SAMSUNG [1], TSMC [2], etc.) confirm the merit of this approach.

Magnonics is a budding research field in nanomagnetism and nanoscience that addresses the use of spin waves (magnons) to transmit, store, and process information. The rapid advancements of this field during last one decade in terms of upsurge in research papers, review articles, citations, proposals of devices as well as introduction of new sub-topics prompted us to present the first roadmap on magnonics. This is a collection of 22 sections written by leading experts in this field who review and discuss the current status besides presenting their vision of future perspectives. Today, the principal challenges in applied magnonics are the excitation of sub-100 nm wavelength magnons, their manipulation on the nanoscale and the creation of sub-micrometre devices using low-Gilbert damping magnetic materials and its interconnections to standard electronics. To this end, magnonics offers lower energy consumption, easier integrability and compatibility with CMOS structure, reprogrammability, shorter wavelength, smaller device features, anisotropic properties, negative group velocity, non-reciprocity and efficient tunability by various external stimuli to name a few. Hence, despite being a young research field, magnonics has come a long way since its early inception. This roadmap asserts a milestone for future emerging research directions in magnonics, and hopefully, it will inspire a series of exciting new articles on the same topic in the coming years.

Magnonics is a rather young physics research field in nanomagnetism and nanoscience that addresses the use of spin waves (magnons) to transmit, store, and process information. After several papers and review articles published in the last decade, with a steadily increase in the number of citations, we are presenting the first Roadmap on Magnonics. This a collection of 22 sections written by leading experts in this field who review and discuss the current status but also present their vision of future perspectives. Today, the principal challenges in applied magnonics are the excitation of sub-100 nm wavelength magnons, their manipulation on the nanoscale and the creation of sub-micrometre devices using low-Gilbert damping magnetic materials and the interconnections to standard electronics. In this respect, magnonics offers lower energy consumption, easier integrability and compatibility with CMOS structure, reprogrammability, shorter wavelength, smaller device features, anisotropic properties, negative group velocity, non-reciprocity and efficient tunability by various external stimuli to name a few. Hence, despite being a young research field, magnonics has come a long way since its early inception. This Roadmap represents a milestone for future emerging research directions in magnonics and hopefully it will be followed by a series of articles on the same topic.

De transitie is de belangrijkste en ook meest risicovolle periode in de lactatiecyclus van de koe. Veel problemen bij verse koeien zijn terug te voeren op de transitieperiode. De Droogstandscheck geeft via bloedonderzoek vóór het afkalven een goed beeld van de kans op problemen ná het afkalven. De uitslag helpt om in uw droogstandsmanagement bij te sturen om zo de transitie naar lactatie meer succesvol te laten verlopen.

Hoogproductieve koeien hebben behoefte aan veel, schoon en smakelijk water dat goed bereikbaar is. In de stal en ook in de weide. Een goede wateropname begint bij schoon en smakelijk water op de drinkplek. We zien in de praktijk dat in schoongemaakte waterbakken de vervuiling snel terugkomt. Hoe komt dit? En wat is eraan te doen?

Recent werd de Veekijker geraadpleegd over een bedrijf met een derde zieke koe aan het begin van de lactatie. De dieren hadden hoge koorts, gele verkleuring van de slijmvliezen en ogen en een rode neus en spenen. Ze waren niet bleek en de urine had geen afwijkende kleur. De eerste koe was reeds gestorven en afgevoerd. Het bedrijf paste weidegang toe.

Vitamine E is belangrijk voor de gezondheid van melkkoeien. Het helpt om het lichaam te beschermen tegen zogenaamde ‘oxidatieve stress’. Dit kan ontstaan wanneer schadelijke stoffen (vrije radicalen), die vrijkomen bij stofwisselingsprocessen of infecties, onvoldoende worden geneutraliseerd en opgeruimd. Maar hoe weet u of de koeien voldoende vitamine E opnemen?

Koper is een essentieel spoorelement voor een goede weerstand bij rundvee. De praktijk leert dat alleen kijken naar het kopergehalte in het rantsoen niet altijd het hele verhaal vertelt. Welke informatie is nodig om de kopervoorziening in beeld te krijgen? GD is in 2019 een project gestart om te onderzoeken of er een bovenste grenswaarde voor koper in tankmelk kan worden vastgesteld, die kan wijzen op te ruime kopervoorziening.

Het kopergehalte in gras en kuilvoer is in Nederland te laag om in de behoefte van de gemiddelde melkkoe te voorzien. De voornaamste bronnen van koper voor melkkoeien in Nederland zijn dan ook producten waaraan koper is toegevoegd, zoals krachtvoer, speciale mineraalmixen, likstenen en bolussen. Maar, pas goed op met toepassing van deze supplementen; een te hoge voorziening van koper kan leiden tot aanzienlijke schade.

A critical factor for electronics based on inorganic layered crystals stems from the electrical contact mode between the semiconducting crystals and the metal counterparts in the electric circuit. Here, a materials tailoring strategy via nanocomposite decoration is carried out to reach metallic contact between MoS₂ matrix and transition metal nanoparticles. Nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) are successfully joined to the sides of a layered MoS₂ crystal through gold nanobuffers, forming semiconducting and magnetic NiNPs@MoS₂ complexes. The intrinsic semiconducting property of MoS₂ remains unchanged, and it can be lowered to only few layers. Chemical bonding of the Ni to the MoS₂ host is verified by synchrotron radiation based photoemission electron microscopy, and further proved by first‐principles calculations. Following the system’s band alignment, new electron migration channels between metal and the semiconducting side contribute to the metallic contact mechanism, while semiconductor–metal heterojunctions enhance the photocatalytic ability.

Epitaxial films and heterostructures of perovskite oxides attract tremendous scientific interest because of the unique phenomena therein. Especially important is the epitaxial growth of films subjected to substrate-induced misfit strain. We show here that in contrast to conventional misfit-controlled epitaxy, chemical bonds determine the crystal stability and strain in epitaxial films of sodium niobate on different cubic substrates. Strain relaxation in sodium niobate is independent of misfit magnitude and proceeds through perovskite-specific tilting of oxygen octahedra in addition to common defect formation. The observed structural relaxation evidences a major role of a large internal strain that originates from chemical bonds in the perovskite cell. The effect of chemical bonds on film strain is anticipated to also control the epitaxy of other perovskite oxides and related compounds.

Melkveehouders laten het rantsoen van hun koeien vaak tot achter de komma uitrekenen. Slechts een enkele melkveehouder laat het water dat koeien drinken regelmatig in een laboratorium analyseren. Hoe goed bent u op de hoogte van de kwaliteit van het drinkwater van uw koeien? Onder het motto ‘Goed water. Gezonde koeien.’ organiseerde GD Academy dit najaar op 12 locaties een masterclass voor melkveehouders.

Het aantal dagen per jaar dat koeien hittestress ervaren neemt toe. Preventieve maatregelen worden daarom steeds belangrijker. Het gaat immers niet meer om een aantal uitzonderlijke warme dagen, maar om een jaarlijks terugkerend fenomeen met een negatief effect op de melkgift, vruchtbaarheid en weerstand van met name de hoogproductieve melkkoeien. Voldoende water is een van de belangrijkste maatregelen om hittestress te beperken.