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The article examines the contemporary challenges of international journalism in the context of armed conflicts, particularly the war in Ukraine. It focuses on the risks to journalists' safety, issues of censorship and information manipulation, as well as the impact of new technologies on the timeliness and accuracy of news. The study expands existing knowledge about international journalism by proposing a new model for analyzing the interaction of political, social, and technological factors in conflict situations. Using a comprehensive case study methodology and bibliometric research, the article explores practical aspects of information exchange, including the creation of secure communication channels, adherence to ethical standards, and fact-checking. Content analysis of media messages and surveys of journalists working in conflict zones are employed in the research. The study reveals that the war in Ukraine has led to a significant decline in international cooperation due to difficulties in ensuring the credibility of information, an increase in censorship and manipulation. Particularly pressing are the issues of journalists' safety, restrictions on access to critical information sources, and challenges in maintaining media independence. Additionally, the article highlights that armed conflicts pose numerous threats to journalists, such as risks of physical attacks, detention, and even life-threatening situations. In combat conditions, journalists often face restricted access to important information, complicating their work and impacting the quality of event coverage. These conditions necessitate new approaches to protecting journalists at both individual and institutional levels, as well as improving international safety standards and support. The findings indicate the need to develop new strategies for protecting journalists, ensuring the accuracy of information, and strengthening international media cooperation. These conclusions have broad implications for understanding modem information wars and forming effective mechanisms to counter disinformation. The article makes a significant contribution to the advancement of journalism and may be useful for journalists, scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in safeguarding freedom of speech and developing a democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research takes a socio-technical approach and uses participant observation and in-depth interviews to explain how two major TV news organizations from Colombia utilize social media to distribute video and engage TV audiences in online settings. Findings show that social media, particularly Facebook, are changing how television channels think of videos and their perceptions of audience engagement at the organizational level. Social media not only play a dominant role for distributing video but they influence with their recommendations and metrics TV decisions regarding content production. Finally, this research discusses the implication of these findings for the future of TV journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Research Concentrateon The Services Provided By The News Websites of The Iraqi Media Network to audience of Internet users, in Addition to The Materials Published Through Pages, Trying to Monitor, Analyze And Interpret them to Identify their Types, Characteristics, Nature, Levels, And The Job They Meeting, Whether, They are Media or Non-Media For The User., as well as Its Classification To Know The Technical Potential Enjoyed by Each of The News Sites In question, In light of The Entry of The Latest Technological Technologies into The Field of Media Communication. The Researchers Used thecontent analysis Tool as A Research tool to analyzethe News Sites and Know Services they Provide Through their Pages. Web Services the Third and Final Axis Included a presentation And Interpretation of the Results of theanalysis using Statistical Methods. at The Conclusion of The Research, The Researcher Reached aset of Conclusions, Most notably: News Sites achieved, and In Close Proportions, a Comprehensive Presentation. However, The Analysis Process showed The Superiority of the Huffington Post Arabic Website (a News Aggregation Site Established by Ariana Huffington with Kenneth Leeredand the American Endoroprineart In 2005) Over the Two Iraqi Media Network Websitesand Arabic. net (A News Website Linked to Al-Arabiya Channel Affiliated with The Middle East TV MBC Presents Various Political And Various News) Regarding the Provision of The Press Archive Service for The Published Materials, but This does not Mean the Demise of The Materials Published on The two Sites, but Rather it is available whenever The user wants to access it through using search engines. In the Conclusion of The Research, The Researchers Concluded That News Websites are Interested In The Services They Provide to The Public, And Keen areto Continuously Develop And Update Them In Line With The Requirements of Technological Development, and To Meet The Needs of users, to Achieve A High Degree Of Interaction And Integration between The Published Content and The Reader, to obtain a Similar Use Experience. High Efficiency within the News Site, which Reads or Watches Media Materials of Various Types and Forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many innovative forms of media entered the online mediascape and can potentially set public agendas. This study drew on peer-produced news content on Wikipedia and theorized its unprecedented agenda building power within a network of diverse media sources. Adopting the network agenda-setting model, this study collected comprehensive global news coverage and Wikipedia coverage of top US political news events from 2015 to 2020. Time series analysis found that none of the media types (Wikipedia, elite media, and non-elite media) exhibited dominant agenda-setting power, while each of them can lead the agenda in certain circumstances. Wikipedia was a critical agenda setter for other media entities, and it also reflected the public's collective evaluation of existing news agendas from multiple sources. This article proposed a multi-agent and multidirectional network architecture to describe agenda-setting relationships. We also highlighted four unique characteristics of Wikipedia that matter for digital journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling customer loyalty has been a central issue in customer relationship management, particularly in digital subscription business models. To guarantee news media sustainability, publishers implemented subscription models that need to define successful retention strategies. Thus, churn management has become pivotal in the media subscription business. The present study aims to understand what drives subscribers to churn by performing a Machine Learning approach to model the propensity to churn of online subscribers of a Portuguese newspaper. Two models were developed, tested, and evaluated in two timeframes. The first one considered all Business to Consumer (B2C) subscriptions, and the second only the B2C non-recurring subscriptions. The experimental results revealed important patterns of churners, which allowed the marketing and editorial teams to implement churn prevention and retention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newsworkers have utilised the game format to create innovative storytelling through newsgames, a hybrid form of journalism. Newsgames blend journalism's pursuit of truth with the fictional elements of video games, creating a tension between “fact” and “fiction”. Existing literature lacks sufficient exploration of how this tension is managed in the production and consumption of newsgames. This study addresses this gap by examining how newsgame practitioners navigate truth claims and how players engage with these claims. Through semi-structured interviews with practitioners (n = 27) and gaming sessions with players (n = 28), the study reveals that practitioners take deliberate steps to justify newsgames, while players employ various strategies to evaluate their truth claims. These findings underscore the performative dimension of truth negotiation in newsgames, positioning audiences as active participants at the heart of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As news organizations increasingly adopt AI-driven technologies like news recommender systems (NRS), notions of responsible artificial intelligence (AI) design have attracted significant scholarly and public attention. Particularly, transparency and user control are crucial for the fulfilment of democratic freedoms and human rights. However, users' desire for such features in NRS has not yet been sufficiently examined. Therefore, this study set out to comparatively examine how individual-level characteristics contribute to the desirability of transparency and user control in NRS across five nations (Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States; N = 5079). We show that the desire for features of responsible NRS is shaped by individual-level characteristics like NRS-related concerns and algorithmic awareness but does not always manifest equally across different national settings. By considering the audience's view on features of responsible NRS, our study can be a stepping stone towards responsible journalistic AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of journalism is rapidly evolving, with bundled subscription offerings from the New York Times, Apple and Schibsted becoming increasingly important. These offerings allow consumers to access a wide variety of content in multiple formats, representing a significant shift in how news and information are consumed. However, the impact of these offerings on publishers’ revenues remains underexplored in journalism and media research. The results suggest that bundled offers generate higher revenues for publishers than individual offers. This supports the introduction of internal “all-access” bundles within the European journalism sector, as well as external collaborations between unaffiliated publishers. However, the relatively small differences in revenues suggest that there is limited strong evidence to support the adoption of a centralized, cross-publisher “Spotify for News” model.

Studies on journalistic work and production on social media typically focus on large media outlets in developed countries. In this article, we shift the lens to a peripheral area of a peripheral country: Argentine Patagonia. Our objective was to analyse journalistic production on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter in the eight most-followed local and regional news media outlets. We analysed the narratives, the extent to which they apply transmedia journalism, and how they have evolved compared to studies from 2021. We also conducted structured interviews with social media managers to gain insight into their professional practices. We conclude that, 15 years since the creation of the first profiles, promoting website content remains the primary goal of North Patagonian media networks. Since 2021, there have been more frequent updates but less native production, especially on Facebook and Twitter. Despite the shortage of staff and precarious working conditions, some news media outlets have been able to innovate on Instagram, introducing a variety of multimedia formats, a more conversational tone, diverse update rhythms, adapted content, and even specific content that is organised into sections. Information production for the platforms has been integrated into journalistic routines even when public interaction with the audience remains very limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify contemporary challenges in researching digital journalism images and propose potential outcomes for addressing these challenges. We argue that the analysis of contemporary journalistic photography requires a departure from traditional approaches used for analog images. Instead, it should be viewed within the ever-changing digital ecosystem in which digital journalism circulates and the new forms of creating, sharing, and visualizing its content that arise from platform context and mobile consumption. We have divided these challenges into two categories: the first relates to topics associated with the studied object, and the second pertains to the research process itself. On the one hand, changes in the nature of the photographic medium, its transmission and profusion potentials, shifts in journalistic workflow and labor relations, evolving professional multimedia needs, audience participation, and new forms of consumption are some of the aspects that need to be considered. On the other hand, we also must deal with the ephemeral quality of digital objects and recognize that researching digital objects is inherently intertwined with understanding the digital ecosystem in which these objects exist. Finally, we identify the digital methods-oriented approach as a potential path to addressing these challenges, mainly because of its characteristics of following and adapting to the medium's logic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective power of digital audiences, fragmented and multiplatform, produces a discrepancy between what the media offer as most relevant in their agenda and what the public prefers to consume or share. A ‘news coverage gap’ that is analysed in this paper applied to the case of the Ukrainian war in the international press. For this purpose, the news highlighted on the frong page, the most read by the web audience and the most shared by Twitter/X users of the digital editions of El País (Spain), Público (Portugal), The Guardian (UK) and The New York Times (US) is collected for four weeks of 2022. The initial sample (N=1680) forms a final useful sample (N=259) on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to which a content analysis is applied around four categories: journalistic narrative, multimedia, interactivity and tabloidization treatment. The main results show that three of the four media dedicate less than 25% of their front page to the Ukrainian war. A breaking news coverage, augmented by ‘hook’ headlines, which decreases as time goes by and which barely finds interest in the audience, with consumption and dissemination rates between 10% and 3%. This disparity between the most relevant journalistic selection and the preferences of the public reflects an audience that disregards the criteria of journalistic relevance and media that fail to capture their interest or attention regarding the coverage of the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daily news podcasts continue to grow as a source of news and information for media consumers as more are seeking to consume news on digital platforms. However, studies on news podcasting are still a new area of research. This study expands a preliminary study to a broader, more national U.S. audience. The current research used an online survey to gather data and provides a broader demographic sample size with various participants across the United States. In addition, this study used the uses and gratifications approach to provide a more thorough analysis of why U.S. listeners choose to listen to daily news podcasts and what gratifications consumers receive. This study also provides new data on whether listeners consume a variety of news podcasts with differing political viewpoints and which medium podcast listeners consider the most trustworthy for news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of journalism is rapidly evolving, with bundled subscription offerings from the New York Times, Apple and Schibsted becoming increasingly important. These offerings allow consumers to access a wide variety of content in multiple formats, representing a significant shift in how news and information are consumed. However, the impact of these offerings on publishers' revenues remains underexplored in journalism and media research. The results suggest that bundled offers generate higher revenues for publishers than individual offers. This supports the introduction of internal "all-access" bundles within the European journalism sector, as well as external collaborations between unaffiliated publishers. However, the relatively small differences in revenues suggest that there is limited strong evidence to support the adoption of a centralized, cross-publisher "Spotify for News" model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competition to attract audiences has led to an increase in sensational or misleading headlines and content, with the aim of garnering user clicks in the news media. This dynamic alters the journalistic manner in which news is presented, and it does so by reducing informative quality and eroding the trust of the audience. This study examines the proliferation of clickbait strategies on the front pages of reputable international 'serious' press and how it manifests in readers' consumption and sharing habits. We carried out a comparative content analysis of digital news articles from four international media sources (N = 1680): The Guardian (UK), The New York Times (USA), El País (Spain) and Público (Portugal). Our results confirm the existence of clickbait (N = 516) on the front pages, the most read content and the articles most shared on social media. Most clickbait titles resort to headline strategies of containing incomplete information that affect both hard and soft news topics. This particular finding highlights the inclusion of clickbait in the agenda of 'serious' journalism, despite the negative implications on information quality and trust. Associated with irrelevant content, this 'hook' captures the attention of the online audience more than the social media audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital journalism is facing a growing number of challenges as the wave of digital transformation enters a new phase. The changes, both slow and sudden, are making it increasingly necessary for there to be a shift amid the transition. The surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in the journalistic world has ushered in what appears to be a new phase for digitalisation and journalism's role as a producer of factual information and knowledge in society. Current debates suggest that we are at a critical time to reinvent journalism for the new wave of digital transformation. In this stage, which recently began and which some are calling the Fourth Industrial Revolution, both professionals and academics point to the need to make journalism more resilient, so it can adapt to the changes without losing its basic essence, and more people-centred, helping to support individuals in the age of AI. This article analyses the challenges from the perspectives of both academics and professional journalists, based on their codes of ethics. The methodology used is a content analysis of 45 European ethical codes and the Delphi method, involving experts from the journalistic sector and academia. The results highlight that codes of ethics have not kept pace with these professionally and expert-led debates, as few mention new technologies such as artificial intelligence and they tend to focus more on disinformation and social engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates user perceptions of news media's employment of news recommender systems (NRS) and their relation to trust in media outlets. A cross-sectional survey (n = 5079) in the United Kingdom, United States, Poland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland shows that higher algorithmic knowledge, users' perceived skills, and news aggregator use correspond to increased perceptions that news media use NRS. Moreover, higher perceived NRS use of specific news outlets is associated with lower trust in those outlets but perceived benefits and concerns related to NRS moderate this relationship. Our findings highlight the need for media organizations to ensure a responsible and transparent use of such systems, highlight benefits for users, and address concerns to avoid misperceptions of their NRS use and maintain user trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay complicates interpretations of digital architectures in online journalism production in terms of journalistic interlopers and intralopers during an age of increased influence of technologists on online news development. While much normative scholarship revolves around social media, metrics, algorithms, artificial intelligence, VR, and other forms of digital innovation applied to journalism, the essay argues that such work must not focus merely on the actions of today's tech-savvy journalism but should interrogate social and cultural relationships at the center of journalistic production so not to as become distracted away from the embedded practices of ideological incorporation that shapes media messages and reproduces inequalities through what and how journalism covers. In the future, as we approach a notion of the Metaverse, scholars must interrogate the long-standing embedding of elite ideologies into the news as journalists collaborate with technologists (or as journalists become technologists), interact (and re-interact) with elite ideologies at accelerating rates in networked societies, and move into new digital realms we have not yet imagined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms (SMP) are increasingly important for news organizations to reach (wider) audiences. The accompanying platformization of journalism has raised concerns that the adaptation to social media characteristics leads to trivialization and softening of news. Often triggered by these normative considerations, journalistic content production for social media has attracted much scholarly attention. To date, however, these studies lack synthesis. To fill this research gap, this paper reports on a systematic literature review (SLR) of 156 publications to summarize and discuss current knowledge about how news organizations select, edit, and coordinate content for SMP. The results show that content is not generally softened on SMP such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Rather, news organizations develop strategies to balance their professional standards with social media characteristics. Differences appear, among others, in organizational traits such as revenue model and between SMP. Building on these results, the study concludes with paths to develop future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial intelligence (AI) tools in editorial departments have become common practice within news organisations, which poses challenges for digital journalism. It treads new terrain for both media professionals and their audiences, and it is safe to assume there is no going back to the way things were. These advances in the field require new frameworks and codes of ethics that include ethical principles to mitigate the use of AI in journalism. The fast incorporation of AI into media production processes is marked by a tendency towards the loss of citizens’ trust in the information that media offers, political polarization, and the increasing impact of misinformation. This article analyses the perception of communication professionals in this new scene through the analysis of 99 codes of ethics and 14 international press associations. In addition, audience perception is addressed through a survey taken by nearly 2,000 people. The results indicate that both the public and journalists are worried about misinformation that AI might cause and the potential erosion of trust between journalist and the public . Overwhelmingly, people are advocating for external regulation of its use to preserve the values, the ethical principles, and good practices of journalistic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the news framing of the Russia-Ukraine war in global news media outlets. Using the framing theory, a literature review of prominent news frames covering wars and conflicts was drawn. Two hypotheses were set for the major news frames more than others and the relationship between the emphasis on the frames and news organizations' national interests. Based on predicted framing themes, news frames were obtained from topic modeling with 48,364 news stories. An analysis with a verification sample was implemented to compare the topics with news publishers' national interests. Five news frames from topic modeling were found: humanism, politics, peace, war, and the economy. In the coverage of the news about the war by global news organizations, the humanism and peace frames were related to Ukraine, whereas the war frame was associated with Russia. The relationship between national interests and pronounced news frames found that European news emphasized humanism more than other regions. The national interest of news outlets was reflected in the news of the war. Study implications and suggestions in terms of news framing and national interests were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges conventional narratives about the future of digital journalism. It argues that digital journalism is not a globally uniform practice with a predictable universal future. Instead, it has many possibility-futures owing to the cultural diversity of the news outlets that engage it and the contexts in which it is engaged. To develop that argument, the paper locates digital journalism as the latest waypoint in humankind's long quest to send messages ever farther and ever faster. Next, digital journalism is decentered through interdisciplinary theory into a novel framework for forecasting the futures of digital journalism as a diverse global phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractWhen the audience shifted online in the age of social media and platformization, the gulf amongst journalists on what constitutes news today grew. Television journalists and editors continue to feel that the public should be provided with the information they need, i.e. the elite-centric method, whereas digital journalists and social media managers believe that the public should be presented with what the public wants, i.e. the popular-centric approach. As a result, the aim of this article is to investigate the news values considered by journalists and editors in Kosovo and Albanian media. The results of in-depth semi-structured interviews with journalists, editors, and social media managers demonstrate that Kosovo, which has the youngest population in Europe, has no paper press since the beginning of 2020, although the press in Albania survives for traditional third-age readers. Televisions are elite-focused; however, in Kosovo, televisions adapt items for social media, aimed at a younger audience. In both countries, digital journalism is increasingly audience-focused, with sensation, entertainment, and conflict as the primary news values. Regardless of the standardized methods, the article proposes that different countries be evaluated for newsworthiness based on their political and socioeconomic environments.

Medya kuruluşları dijital medyada çeşitli yaklaşımlar kullanarak insanları etkilemeye ve haberlerinin okunmasını sağlamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu yaklaşımlardan birisi tık odaklı haberciliktir. Tık odaklı habercilikte temel amaç, haberin başlık ve görsellerini tıklanabilir hale getirerek daha fazla okuyucuyu çekmektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı haber başlıklarında yer alan ve okuyucuyu çekmek amacıyla düzenlenmiş duygusal kelimelerin haber tüketimi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada NTV haber kanalının resmi Twitter hesabı amaçlı örneklem yoluyla seçilmiş ve 1 ay boyunca paylaştığı haberler toplanmıştır. Toplamda 1336 haberin toplandığı çalışmada, NTV haber kanalının Twitter hesabındaki haber başlıkları metin madenciliği yöntemlerinden biri olan web madenciliği yoluyla işlenmiş ve yapılandırılmıştır. Daha sonra Regresyon Analizi yapılarak kelimelerin haber görüntüleme sayısı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada haber başlıklarındaki negatif, pozitif ve nötr kelimelerin haber tüketimini etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha spesifik olarak, çalışmada pozitif ve negatif kelimelerin haber tüketimini azalttığı, nötr kelimelerin ise haber tüketimini arttırdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Haber başlığındaki pozitif ve negatif kelimelerin haber görüntülemesini azaltması tık haberciliğinin desteklenmediği, buna karşın haber başlıklarındaki nötr kelimelerin görüntülemeyi artırması ise tarafsız haberciliğin desteklendiğine kanıt olarak gösterilebilir. Bu çalışma tarafsız haberciliğin okuyucular tarafından ödüllendirildiği yönünde deliller ortaya koymuştur.

Background: Women have increased opportunities to participate in digital journalism, but racial and gender disparities are still pervasive in the industry. Analysis: Using qualitative, semi-structured interviews, this research examines ongoing experiences of women working in digital journalism in Canada from an intersectional perspective that attends to race, gender, and class. Conclusions and implications: In the context of an industry undergoing continual change and transformation, women of colour occupy more precarious forms of employment and work on more tenuous terrain. Employment status and its attendant securities and insecurities are a vital analytic for understanding women's gendered and racialized experiences in journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the advancement of automated fact-checking in Brazil and investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) products shape publishers' discourses and practices. First, it maps the field to identify how it has evolved throughout the years. Next, it draws on 30 official statements published by journalists and their tech partners, and seven semi-structured interviews with representatives from five websites. This article shows an emerging automation landscape in the Brazilian fact-checking venture supported by the tech industry. Nonetheless, AI has challenged fact-checkers' authority and increased the technologists' influence over journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media editors (SMEs) have become fixtures in contemporary newsrooms as part of designated social media teams. A growing body of scholarship has explored their daily work routines and how they try to 'sell' online news on platforms such as Facebook while caught in the middle between mass media and social media logics. Thus far, there is little clarity on how SMEs can be classified as newsroom workers, and even less so on how they classify and identify themselves. Through 22 expert interviews with Belgian and Dutch SMEs and a proposed expansion of Bourdieu's field theory, this paper shines light on the role and identity of SMEs as the latest addition to the growing body of diverse newsroom workers. We argue that SMEs see themselves as journalists due to the nature of the job itself as well as their experience and other tasks in the news organization. Without seeing themselves as marketeers, they try to sell the news as best they can through social media. We conclude by making a case for seeing SMEs as an important group of news actors who can identify and signal early developments in the context of social media news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mobile technology is part and parcel of the news today, perhaps to such a degree that it is hard to imagine news without it. This technology has affected those platforms on which news is being produced, for example, but also the array of actors that are involved in its manufacturing through mobile technology, thereby illustrating news as an ongoing information construction process in which professionals and other participants join hands. Stemming from a socio-technical emphasis in journalism this paper addresses the interplay between mobile news technology and social actors by focusing on three leading Israeli WhatsApp news groups ("People of Silence", "Field Security" and "Reports from the Ground") and the daily supply of materials delivered via these groups from their participating members. Based on a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with the groups' founders, supported by the groups' materials and messages data, findings show how these groups perform as unique pseudo-professional news groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]