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Background: Clinicians' information‐seeking behaviours impact patient care quality. Earlier studies indicated that barriers to accessing information deter clinicians from seeking answers to clinical questions. Objectives: To explore primary care clinicians' information‐seeking behaviour at point‐of‐care, focusing on when and how they seek answers to clinical questions. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 45 clinicians after clinical sessions to investigate their information‐seeking habits. Follow‐up interviews were conducted after a week for those intending to address unanswered queries. Results: Two thirds of clinicians encountered questions during care, with nearly three quarters resolving them during the session. Colleagues, guidelines and online platforms were common information sources, with smartphones being used to access Google, WhatsApp or UpToDate®. Facilitators included reliable sources and the drive to confirm knowledge, while barriers included ineffective search methods and high workload. Despite challenges, most clinicians expressed satisfaction with their information‐seeking process. Discussion: The findings underscore the increasing use of smartphones for accessing clinical information among Singaporean primary care clinicians and suggest the need for tailored training programmes and guidelines to optimise information‐seeking practices. Conclusion: Insights from this study can inform the development of training programmes and guidelines aimed at improving information‐seeking practices among primary care clinicians, potentially enhancing patient care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Pakistan is a densely populated South Asian country. It is facing numerous health challenges, as well as problems of the digital divide. The government of Pakistan established e‐libraries as a pilot project in 2018. These libraries are functioning through community centers/public libraries in the largest province of the country.This paper examines the role of Pakistani e‐libraries in creating health awareness and providing health information to the public.The qualitative research design was based on focus group discussions with the head librarians of all 13 of the 20 e‐libraries contacted.The findings revealed that e‐libraries actively create health‐related awareness and connect the public to health advisors. The e‐libraries were engaged in four types of health‐related activities (seminars, awareness campaigns, open health camps, and special health day celebrations) with high attendance from the public. Attendees of these programs returned to librarians with additional health‐related queries.The study suggests a need for more liaison between the community and local healthcare institutions. This approach can make these programs more effective in helping individuals manage their health. The results of this study can serve as a useful guide for other developing nations in developing similar services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional qualifications and work of a health librarian may not, at first glance, seem like they readily lend themselves to the wider work of an organisation. Too often librarians are seen as experts in a small specialist field. However, as librarians, we know that at our core is extensive digital experience and knowledge as well as a core set of transferrable skills that can be adapted to meet the ever‐changing needs of the organisation. This article describes how the library evidence team became part of a wider board project to develop a governance system for Apps. It also describes how the skills of librarians can be developed to work in this area and raise the profile of the team within the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reviews the effect of multiple sources of information on the mental focus of Egyptian university students, as the researcher tried to identify and understand the phenomenon of information overload and develop methodological ways to deal with it better. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical research method through surveying and extrapolating studies and research related to the subject of the study. The researcher used a questionnaire directed to Egyptian university students to identify students’ information behaviours and measure the degree of information dispersion among them. One of the results of the study is that the more information sources students use, the higher their levels of distraction, which negatively affects academic achievement and increases the feeling of information overload. The study also indicates that students find it difficult to identify reliable sources and process the huge amount of information available. The study also presented the most important techniques and methods that can be used to improve concentration and control information overload. Among the most important recommendations called for by the study is the importance of enhancing critical and analytical reading skills among students, in addition to encouraging them to benefit from reliable and high-quality sources. The study also recommended providing academic and psychological support to students to improve their tolerance of academic pressures and increase their level of concentration and academic performance.

This article presents an analysis of seven articles published within the International Perspectives and Initiatives regular feature series on the impact of technology on the provision of health information. The articles provide a road map of how technology is facilitating new and enhanced services for library users in seven countries: Australia, Bangladesh, China, England, Germany, Sweden and the United States. Although there are differences in how countries are implementing technological solutions, only one describes problems in leveraging technology to improve library services. Authors from the remaining six countries describe how they ensure that the 21st century library consults with its user groups and find way of using the latest applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research is practical in terms of purpose. In present study used a qualitative approach to examine and analyze the status of the Information Systems of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI). Documentary analysis, Tem analysis, and Fuzzy Delphi techniques were used to collect data. The research community includes the Information systems of the NLAI and experts in the field of information technology. The Information Systems consisted of Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA), National libraries network, National document center network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database, Iranian Scientific Publications System. Also, 21 people (10 people to interview and 11 people to Delphi techniques) was selected experts in the fields of information systems, digital libraries, copyright and technology. For data analysis, coding and categorization of concepts were used in the form of open coding for documentary analysis and Tem analysis. Qualitative data analysis was done manually and using the MAXQDA 2020 software. Also, descriptive survey was used to analyze the indicators in fuzzy Delphi method and calculations were done using Excel. Tableau 2018 software was used to display and draw indicators better.Therefore, using Tem analysis method, 70 indicators of preventive technical requirements were identified, and then these indicators were given to 11 experts, and after two rounds of the fuzzy Delphi panel, 69 indicators identify. These indicators included 12 components was carried out. Finally, indicators “Adobe Reader and other tools” was removed from the checklist. The use of different methods to collect technical indicators and the use of triangulation method gives credibility to the research. Network Security; standards and frameworks; Authentication; digital reading tools; digital preservation; payment systems; rights metadata; access control; copy control; License; Digital repository and transfer have formed 12 components of preventive technical requirements. Also, the findings of the research showed that digital and bibliographic systems were at a weak level in terms of taking advantage of preventive technical requirements for copyright. This study offered technical framework. Also, the use of technical requirements such as: look inside, the copyright of policy, rights metadata, development and updating of systems and communication and interaction with the software support company, METS standard and use of digital repository offered in the studied information systems.

The purpose of the current research is to identify technical requirements for protection of information resources in the information systems (ISs) of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) and evaluate them. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose. In present study a qualitative approach is used to examine and analyze the status of the ISs of the NLAI. Documentary analysis, Tem analysis, and Fuzzy Delphi techniques were used to collect data. The research community includes the ISs of the NLAI and experts in the field of information technology. The ISs consisted of Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA), National Libraries Network, National Document Center Network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database, Iranian Scientific Publications System. Also, 21 people (10 people to interview and 11 people to participate in Delphi techniques) were selected experts in the fields of Iss, digital libraries, copyright and technology. For data analysis, coding and categorization of concepts were used of open coding for documentary analysis and Tem analysis. Qualitative data analysis was done manually using MAXQDA 2020 software. Also, descriptive survey was used to analyze the indicators in fuzzy Delphi method and calculations were done using Excel. Tableau 2018 software was used to display and draw indicators better. Therefore, using Tem analysis method, 70 indicators of preventive technical requirements were identified, and then these indicators were given to 11 experts, and after two rounds of fuzzy Delphi panel, 69 indicators identified. These indicators including 12 components were carried out. Finally, indicators “Adobe Reader and other tools” was removed from the checklist. The use of different methods to collect technical indicators and the use of triangulation method gives credibility to the research. Network Security, standards and frameworks, Authentication, digital reading tools, digital preservation, payment systems; rights metadata, access control, copy control, License, Digital repository and transfer have formed 12 components of preventive technical requirements. Also, the findings of the research showed that digital and bibliographic systems were at a weak level in terms of taking advantage of preventive technical requirements for copyright. This study offered technical framework. The use of technical requirements such as lookInside, the copyright of policy, rights metadata, development and updating of systems and communication and interaction with the software support company, METS standard and use of digital repository offered in the studied ISs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia is no different to any other country in that information technology (IT) and the speed of its advancement has a huge impact on health care and therefore on health libraries. Australian health librarians are valuable members of health care teams and strive to integrate services and resources across hospitals. This article looks at the role Australian health libraries play in the broader health information landscape and the importance of information governance and health informatics as a tenet of the work undertaken by libraries. Of particular focus in this is the Health Libraries Australia/Telstra Health Digital Health Innovation Award, offered annually, to help focus on particular technological challenges. Three cases studies are explored demonstrating impact on the systematic review process, inter‐library loan system automation and a room booking service. Also discussed are the ongoing professional development opportunities, which help upskill the Australian health library workforce. Australian health libraries also face many challenges with piecemeal IT systems across the nation, resulting in lost opportunities. Also, many Australian health services do not have a qualified librarian on staff, which undermines information governance. However, resiliency shines through with strong professional health library networks working to challenge the status quo in an effort to improve the application of health informatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the point of view of the development of libraries, technology has made possible the emergence and development of library automation; digital libraries; mobile libraries; and smart libraries. This article briefly describes the impact of technological developments and application in Health Science Libraries in China in relation to collections development, service provision and the role of library associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caregivers of children may rely on internet sources, health care providers, peers or family for health information. Objective: To examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on the use of the internet for health information by caregivers of children, and the impact on self‐efficacy, effort and frustration. Methods: Using data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey, the effects of information source on self‐efficacy, effort and frustration was examined using the complex samples module of SPSS. Results: The internet was the most common source of health information for caregivers of children (n = 247), with high confidence, low frustration and effort reported. Younger, higher educated and higher income caregivers were significantly more likely to use the internet for health information. Information from Health Care Providers (HCPs) was associated with greater confidence, and information from peers associated with lesser effort and frustration. No significant effects on self‐efficacy, effort or frustration for online health information was noted compared to other sources. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce barriers to online health information may be required for some groups of caregivers, and health care providers may have a role to play in this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the use of Smartphone for Digital Information Resources and Services Access by University Academics: A Survey of Faculty Members of Modibbo Adama University, Yola Nigeria. The study was guided by six objectives, six research questions and three hypothesises were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted survey research method. Questionnaire was used as the method of data collection. The population for this study is 648 academics. The study adopted simple random sampling techniques. The collected data was analysed by inferential statistics, and hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance, the study among others revealed that 16.250% mostly used Android phones types of smartphone device mostly used by academics in accessing information resources and services. It revealed that respondents agreed to the items raised on the reasons for using various applications of smartphones by the academics to access information resources and services. It was also revealed that the respondents agreed to the items raised on the challenges faced by academics in accessing information resources and services. The study concludes among others that most of the academics used android phone in accessing the information and digital services also satisfied to the extent with the services. The study recommends among others that the library management should strive and make all information resources and services digitalized in order to make them accessible through digital devices, and management should provide internet with enough bandwidth to curtail the challenges faced by the academics in accessing information resources and services [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Health Service (NHS) knowledge and library services in England are integrating digital advances into their systems and services. Health Education England (HEE) leads on the development of NHS library services. A key workstream focuses on (1) improving the infrastructure to enable discovery and management of digital knowledge resources; (2) collaborating with local teams to establish regional library management systems that are integrated with the new national discovery service for healthcare staff and learners. This article explores initiatives on resource discovery as well as the need for system‐wide partnership working to ensure that biomedical knowledge in computable form is findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Low levels of health and digital literacy pose a significant barrier to using health information and accessing health services. A range of interventions are aimed at enhancing citizens' digital and health literacy skills. The education and life‐long learning needs of the knowledge and library services workforce are considered. Working with CILIP and higher education institutions, HEE delivers a range of educational offers through its Learning Academy. As Artificial Intelligence and automation are implemented in health systems, knowledge and library staff form a crucial bridge between technology and those who use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health science libraries have been using information technology since the late 1960s, shaping both the profession and the mission of these libraries. To explore the impact of technology, a series of articles has been commissioned for the HILJ Regular Feature, International Perspectives and Initiatives. This editorial sets the scene for this series of articles, which starts in this issue. These articles, written by health science librarians from around the globe, will explore the impact of technology on the way health science libraries provide information in the digital age. Some articles will look at national trends and others will focus on a particular library. A key theme is how technology is being used to support the mission of health science libraries and whether technology has altered that mission. This editorial provides a brief overview of the technologies libraries have adopted, from the 1970s to the present day. From this, it is clear that information technology has transformed the way health information is collected, catalogued, and disseminated to users. And it is certain that in the coming decade new technologies will be incorporated into health science libraries, which will pose challenges for both users and librarians. However, librarians will continue to find ways to adapt and use these tools to meet the needs of their users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the last of three articles based on a series of articles published in the Health Information and Libraries Journal's Regular Feature (International Perspectives and Initiatives). Key trends from 12 countries in Europe, North America, Africa, and Asia were identified. In this issue, the last five trends are considered: (1) Participation in collaborations, networks, partnerships, social networks; (2) Repurposing library space; (3) Focus on user experience; (4) Impact of technology on the provision of services; and (5) Engaging with the public. Readers are challenged to compare these trends with their own experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an untreatable disease that negatively impacts patients' and caregivers' quality of life. Objectives: The aims were to improve the quality of the information for FRDA patients and caregivers and suggest a possible tool to spread this information. Material and methods: Thirty-four FRDA patients and 45 caregivers were interviewed separately using a structured self-administered survey about their information-seeking behavior, their level of expectation and satisfaction for the information received, and the need for further information. Results and conclusion: For patients and caregivers, the main source of information was the FRDA specialist and the media. The most searched items were "general information"; patients and particularly caregivers desired to get more information on existing and experimental therapies. Adequate information supply is part of good medical care; therefore, a deeper insight of clinicians in information-seeking behavior of FRDA patients and caregivers would provide tailored information and improve therapeutic alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient‐centred e‐health (PCEH) focusses on the interaction between patients and physicians. However, only a limited number of studies have focussed on the design of physician–patient value cocreation mechanisms in the PCEH context. Thus, we extend Grönroos' concept of value cocreation to understand how PCEH might improve the quality of care. Objectives: This study proposes a theoretical framework to embody PCEH‐supported value cocreation and presents some empirical validation. We expect that PCEH‐supported value cocreation should comprise capabilities for patient empowerment, intention for information sharing, complementation for checking and verifying information, and interaction for shared understanding. Methods: This study surveyed a small group of patients that have used PCEH, 'My Health Bank' in Taiwan. The questionnaires were delivered to patients in hospitals (n = 167 questionnaires, 98% response rate). Results: Results indicate that certain PCEH‐supported value cocreation mechanisms—capabilities for patient empowerment and interaction for shared understanding—affect the perceived quality of medical care. Limitations: The survey only considered patient perceptions of value cocreation. Conclusion: This study shows the patient perception of value cocreation in patient‐centred e‐Health. Further research needs to validate the framework for health professionals and in other e‐Health record information sharing settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] A digital library plays an important role in students' learning and scientific research work. Therefore, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the behavior of users and actual usage of digital libraries. It will lead to the complete and comprehensive digital library construction. [Method/Process] Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and qualitative analysis on the research works, the research first proposes the digital resources utilization behavioral model of university students in ethnic minority areas by including the factors of the system characteristics, interface characteristics and the individual differences and adding the information quality factors, and then, carries out path analysis with structural equation modeling. [Results/Conclusions] The results show that the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use have a positive effect on students' acceptance of digital information system. System characteristic, personal difference and the information quality factors positively affect the Han students' use of information resources, while system characteristics, self-efficacy and the perceived ease of use positively affect the Mongolian university students' acceptance and use of system.

The innate need for growth and the growing popularity of digital information resources have prompted many academic libraries, including Lead City University to invest on the provision of digital information resources. However, studies have shown that provision of digital information resources does not automatically guarantee utilization. This study therefore investigates the utilization of digital information resources among undergraduate students at Lead City University, Ibadan Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative research method with a questionnaire used as research instrument. The study sample consists of 342 undergraduate students and the data collected was analysed with aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings show that there is a low level of digital resources utilization among the undergraduates. It was also found that challenges such as lack information retrieval skills, slow internet and inadequate computer system are among the challenges affecting the utilization of digital information resources by the undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article acquaints health science librarians with digital health interventions (DHIs) and suggests ways they can become involved with initiatives in their own organisations. Examples of DHIs are provided and the risks and benefits of these applications are examined, including increasing accuracy of diagnosis & treatment, and health care efficiencies within legal and ethical frameworks. The WHO Guideline on digital interventions for health system strengthening is a useful resource which highlights ways that countries can use digital health technology to improve people's health and essential services. JM proposes the creation of a road map to assist health science librarians in becoming involved in digital health, providing practical suggestions to inform the development of action plans within your local service provision. J.M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Evidence search Student Champion Scheme aims to enable undergraduate health and social care students to teach their peers skills for information literacy (IL), thereby encouraging future evidence‐based practice. Objectives: To analyse the Student Champions' teaching methods; discover what effects the Scheme had on their IL; and uncover any differences between disciplines. Methods: Fifty‐one reflective reports, written by Student Champions and submitted to NICE, were thematically analysed using a non‐linear six‐stage model. Four health disciplines from academic year 2017/2018 were featured. Results: (a) Students preferred active teaching methods; (b) reported benefits of participation included gaining/developing new skills and increased confidence; (c) students believed that participating improved their skills for IL; (d) multiple recommendations for improving the Scheme were given; and (e) students wanted the Scheme to be offered earlier in their degrees. Discussion: Champions from all disciplines positively benefit from participating in the Scheme. However, they also have concerns which are not well‐documented in the literature. Conclusion: Student Champions have overall positive experiences. There is demonstrated improvement in their IL, and they become familiar with a useful evidence‐based practice resource. They also offer recommendations for future improvements to the Scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on Victoria Charnock's MA dissertation carried out as part of her Masters in Leadership and Management in Healthcare at the University of Salford and supervised by Professor Hardiker. A review of current literature was conducted to provide a robust and dimensional definition of data quality in the field of health care. This was used as the basis on which to assess the effect that electronic health care records has had in practice, specifically on data quality and according to the dimensions of accuracy, completeness and use of data. All of the papers reviewed referred to the importance of accuracy and completeness, identifying the advantages of electronic health records in their use of standardized data entry controls. Drawing on the third dimension in the definition, use of data, the impact that system design may have on data quality and implications for staff training is further discussed and recommendations made. F.J. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current trends influencing change in health information and library settings are presenting some exciting new opportunities for health information specialists. Increasingly, knowledge specialists are playing a pivotal role in the effective mobilisation of knowledge and evidence. The focus for our profession will continue to be on demonstrating the value and impact of our services, but a shift in expectations about how those services are delivered will need to be underpinned by new tools and skill sets. These issues are reflected in the themes of the Health Libraries Group 2018 conference, and in conjunction with the event, this virtual issue draws together a collection of articles reflecting those themes. Topics covered in the virtual issue include the following: Toolkits, online systems and emergent technologies to support health information practice; Continuing professional development; Community projects, engagement, outreach and public health; Value and impact and evidence‐based practice; Service improvement and library management; and Digital and health literacy. The papers selected for this issue provide some excellent examples of how we, as a profession, are initiating change in creative ways and rising to the exciting challenges of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the models and methods for evaluating digital libraries. Methods: Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, Emerald, Wiley, LISTA, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Magiran (Persian), Irandoc (Persian), SID (Persian) and Noormags (Persian) databases were searched systematically based on the defined criteria. Selection criteria included full‐text articles and dissertations published in English and Persian languages in 2004–2017. The final included articles (n = 64) were reviewed, selected and analysed by group discussions. Results: The results of analysing 64 included articles for this systematised review specified that the evaluation of digital libraries is mostly focused on the service quality aspect, and DigiQual was the most frequently used model. Few studies have evaluated digital libraries in the health sector. The researcher developed questionnaire is the most frequently used method to evaluate digital libraries. Conclusion: Because there are fewer studies of digital libraries evaluation in the health sector, the specific features of health digital libraries should be addressed by librarians and health digital library designers to develop specific models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine the status of information resource organization in Iranian digital libraries. The research method was analytical survey. Researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in order to study the status of research population about information resources organization. In fact, 38 Iranian digital libraries were made research population of this research. Findings showed that studied digital library applications have many capabilities to organize information resources. Some of these capabilities are relation between bibliographic records and related records in documentation format, Using Z39.50 in client side, allows entering group of resources, and so on. Moreover, digital libraries have a lot of chaos in organizing information resources. For instance, digital libraries just fill title, author, subject, publisher, year of publication, author (added entity) in more than 70 percent for Farsi book database. This status is not demonstrated for other databases in digital libraries.

In an era when library budgets are being reduced, Massive Online Open Courses ( MOOC's) can offer practical and viable alternatives to the delivery of costly face-to-face training courses. In this study, guest writers Gil Young from Health Care Libraries Unit - North, Lisa McLaren from Brighton and Sussex Medical School and Liverpool University PhD student Michelle Maden describe the outcomes of a funded project they led to develop a MOOC to deliver literature search training for health librarians. Funded by Health Education England, the MOOC was developed by the Library and Information Health Network North West as a pilot project that ran for six weeks. In particular, the MOOC target audience is discussed, how content was developed for the MOOC, promotion and participation, cost-effectiveness, evaluation, the impact of the MOOC and recommendations for future development. H. S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present one aspect of the findings of a major study carried out to assess the information seeking and research strategies of the undergraduates of University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and the paper serves four objectives; 1) to explore the student's preferences of information resources, 2) to identify the criteria they use to evaluate the digital information sources, 3) to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of their information seeking practices and 4) to make appropriate recommendations to strengthen their information seeking practices. A stratified random sample of second, third and fourth year undergraduates were considered for the main survey and accordingly 10% (40 students) of the final year students of the Faculty of Engineering were considered for this paper. Head and Eisenberg's (2009) survey instrument was used to gather data, bindings established that the tinal year engineering students rely more on search engines, Wikipedia and classmates while scholarly databases are used only by a smaller percentage. It was established that the engineering students have higher preference for some digital resources than the other types of resources. In using evaluation criteria they predominantly use self-taught methods instead of traditional reliable methods. It could be inferred that they encounter problems in selecting the most appropriate digital information resources for their academic research. The study further established that majority of the engineering students have not received any formal training in searching or evaluating of digital resources. They have commented that it would be beneficial to have training in the use of library and internet resources. The present study fills the gap in research about the information seeking behavior of engineering undergraduates of University of Peradeniya and it will contribute to the global body of literature in this aspect. It is also expected that the findings will underpin the development of future information literacy programs to be offered through the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to point out at the resources use of new digital technologies in the educational process. Nowadays, it is not considered as a luxury, but rather as a need and an urgent necessity imposed on us by a number of conditions and challenges. These situations must be addressed by new educational strategies to prepare the next generation, who must possess the informational skills to deal with possible technical obstacles of this generation. The current study is based on a quantitative description and analysis of the collected data on digital resources role in the development of the educational process, represented by the descriptive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This feature has been co-authored by Anna Cunningham and her supervisor Frances Johnson. It is based on the research Anna conducted for her dissertation, which she completed as part of her MA in Library and Information Management at Manchester Metropolitan University. The study explored how people assess the trustworthiness of online health information, and the participants were asked to talk aloud whilst viewing information on the consumer health information website patients.co.uk. The study confirmed that their assessment was based on the information usefulness and credibility as well as identifying the factors relating to information quality and website design that helped to form these judgements. A. M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the innovation infrastructure, as well as the most critical phases of information security at stages of the innovation cycle, is shown at the macrolevel. The foreign information systems focused on the support of innovation activities are considered. The integration of national information systems of the countries-members of the European Union into a single science and technology and innovation space is noted as a steady tendency. The most important Russian information systems focused on the support of innovation activities and the functionality of the Federal Portal on Science and Innovation and the Unified State System of accounting results of scientific research, development, and engineering works are presented. There is a lack of development of the communicative functions of information systems in scientific funds and federal scientific and technical target programs. A number of conclusions and suggestions are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers macro factors that determine the level of information support of the science and production domain. The trends of progress in the most advanced areas of Russia's informatics are analyzed. The methodology and model of information-support management in all the phases of the research-development-production (R-D-P) cycle are considered. It is shown that the development of a design solution based on this model makes it possible to reduce the time lag and provide essentially improved information support in all the phases of the R-D-P cycle. Several proposals are formulated about overcoming the inertial trends in the development of the national information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a wired, virtual and information rich society, MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are leading us into a brave new world in which their key role is to support lifelong networked learning. This feature looks at the broad role of MOOCs and considers them within the context of health, and health librarianship. In particular, it provides examples of where health librarians have developed MOOCs and what opportunities there are in the future for health librarians to collaborate in the development and delivery of health MOOCs. H.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

「數位落差影響著許多發展中國家」，此言意味著經費不足、電腦與網路技能的缺乏與英語能力的欠缺，以致使發展中國家數位資訊資源之擴展與使用受到阻礙。具有遠見之個人或組織可投入協助滿足發展中國家資訊需求之行列，匯集性全文資料庫可作為一種消弭數位落差的絕佳工具，參與此任務之組織必須對使用者展現資源的價值並提供必要的訓練，以確保計畫之成功。The digital divide affects many nations of the developing world. The term encompasses inadequate funding, a lack of necessary computer and Internet skills, a lack of English-language proficiency that hinder expansion and use of digital information resources. Visionary individuals and organizations can assist these countries with their information needs. Aggregated full-text databases serve as a prominent tool in closing the digital divide because they provide important research resources. Participating organizations must demonstrate the value of these resources to users and supply essential training to ensure success with electronic resource initiatives.

Objective This study examines behavioural tracking practices on consumer health websites, contrasting tracking on sites recommended by information professionals with tracking on sites returned by Google. Methods Two lists of consumer health websites were constructed: sites recommended by information professionals and sites returned by Google searches. Sites were divided into three groups according to source (Recommended-Only, Google-Only or both) and type (Government, Not-for-Profit or Commercial). Behavioural tracking practices on each website were documented using a protocol that detected cookies, Web beacons and Flash cookies. The presence and the number of trackers that collect personal information were contrasted across source and type of site; a second set of analyses specifically examined Advertising trackers. Results Recommended-Only sites show lower levels of tracking - especially tracking by advertisers - than do Google-Only sites or sites found through both sources. Government and Not-for-Profit sites have fewer trackers, particularly from advertisers, than do Commercial sites. Conclusions Recommended sites, especially those from Government or Not-for-Profit organisations, present a lower privacy threat than sites returned by Google searches. Nonetheless, most recommended websites include some trackers, and half include at least one Advertising tracker. Implications To protect patron privacy, information professionals should examine the tracking practices of the websites they recommend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]