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In this paper, we prove the existence of mild solutions for a class of nonlinear impulsive integrodifferential equations with a nonlocal initial conditions. Sufficient conditions for the existence are derived with the help of the resolvent operator. In the end, an example is given to show the application of our result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangifera indica species presents a wide varietal diversity in terms of fruit size and morphology and also of physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the pulp. In Senegal, in addition to the well-known export varieties, such as 'Kent', local varieties have been little studied particularly during ripening. This study aims to propose prediction models integrating variables deduced from varietal characteristics. Five mango varieties ('Diourou', 'Papaye', 'Sierraleone', 'Boukodiekhal' and 'Sewe') endemic to Senegal were characterized at harvest and followed during ripening storage. Caliber parameters were determined at green-mature stage as well as storage (25 °C) weight losses. Considering the 'ripening storage time' (R ST ) variable as ripeness level index, intra-varietal prediction models were built by multi-linear regression (R 2 = 0.98) using pulp pH, soluble solid content (SSC) and Hue angle. In addition to these physicochemical parameters, variety-specific size, shape and weight loss parameters, were additional variables in multi-linear models (R 2 = 0.97) for multi-varietal prediction of R ST . Results showed that storage time, which was the most influential factor on the pH, SSC and Hue, can be used as a response for varietal prediction of mango ripening. As a decision support tool, theses statistical models, validated on two seasons, will contribute to reduce post-harvest losses and enhance mango value chain through a better ripening process monitoring., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

The Caribbean ranks seventh among the world regions most affected by cervical cancer. HPV-prevalence and genotype distributions also differ from regions. Knowledge of HPV genotype profiles is important for patients care and HPV vaccination implementation. The objective of this study was to describe HPV genotype distribution and risk factors in a population-based cohort of women in Martinique. In this study, 1312 women were included and underwent cervical cancer screening with successful sample collection between 2009 and 2014. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were recorded. Cytological examination of cervical vaginal smear was performed and classified(Bethesda). Detection of HPV DNA was performed with the PapilloCheck© Kit from Greiner Bio-one. Genotypes were analyzed for18 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and 6low-risk HPV(lrHPV) types. A total of 1075 women were included with a mean age of 49.1±10.5 years. HPV prevalence was 27.6% (297/1075) with 19.4% (209/1075) women with only hrHPV, 5.3% (57/1075) with only lrHPV. Multiple infections (hrHPV/lrHPV) were detected in 31/240 cases of hrHPV (12.9%). A total of 353 hrHPV genotypes were analyzed; the most common HPV types were HPV51 (11.0%), HPV68 (10.8%), HPV53 (9.1%) and HPV 52 (7.1%). HPV16 and HPV18 represented respectively 4.8% and 4.0% of hrHPV genotypes. Abnormal cytology was observed in 34 cases (3.2%), with 14 ASCUS (1.3%), 10 LSIL (0.9%), 5 HSIL (0.5%), 3 ASC-H (0.3%) and 2 AGC (0.2%). Fifteen (44.1%) were hrHPV and 4 (14.7%) lrHPV; 7 cases of hrPHV were in the age-group 25-34 years. Among 1041cases of normal cytology, 225 had positive hrHPV detection (21.6%). This is the first population-based study of HPV profiles in our country, and we found a high prevalence of hrHPV. The most common genotypes were HPV51, 68, 53. These results could serve for cancer vaccination strategies and HPV surveillance in Martinique., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Background: In Martinique, prostate cancer incidence rates have been increasing since the 1980s and are actually among the highest worldwide. Exposure to lifestyle (changes in dietary habits), environmental factors (exposure to organochlorine pesticides) and modifications in diagnostic and screening procedures, are favored etiological hypotheses. The aim of the present study is to describe and interpret prostate cancer incidence trends over the past 25 years (1981-2005) in Martinique., Methods: Data on incident prostate cancer cases from 1981 to 2005 were obtained from the population-based Martinique Cancer Registry. World age-standardised incidence rates were calculated and an age-period-cohort model was used to determine average annual variations for prostate cancer during the study period. Age and period effects were assessed, employing the method proposed by Clayton and Schifflers. Relative changes in prostate cancer incidence, at five-year intervals between 1981 and 2005, were also studied with an organochlorine pesticide exposure index, built as a proxy of the relative intensity of chlordecone use on the island between 1973 and 1993., Results: Prostate cancer incidence was found to increase by 5.07% annually between 1981 and 2005. Compared to 1981-1985, prostate cancer relative risk, in men aged 50-74 years and 75 years and above was respectively 5.98% and 3.07% from 2001 to 2005. An inverse association between population pesticide exposure levels and prostate cancer risk was also highlighted, with highest prostate cancer incidences observed in urban zones showing the lowest soil contamination levels by the chlordecone pesticide (zone 1)., Conclusion: No conclusive association was found between the intensity of pesticide use and the subsequent rise in prostate cancer incidence. However, it remains necessary to develop and reinforce continuous monitoring of prostate cancer incidence and mortality trends on the island. Further studies are also needed in order to consider other risk factors such as modifications in diagnostic and screening procedures over the last 25 years.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Western countries, with an incidence progressively increasing in developing countries. Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the second and third leading cause of death by cancer in females and males respectively. According to the Martinique Cancer Register data, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer in women, and the fourth in men. Colorectal cancer exhibits a variable distribution worldwide. This study was conducted to observe variations in colorectal incidence and mortality rates observed over a twenty-year period. Such data will be useful for monitoring changing trends related to onset of an organized screening program., Method: Patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed from 1981 to 2000 in Martinique were included in this study. Data are obtained from the Martinique Cancer Register., Results: The incidence of colorectal cancer in Martinique (16/100,000 and 17/100,000 in the female and male population respectively in the year 2000) is intermediary compared with other countries worlwide. There is a current trend towards increased incidence and mortality. The incidence has increased for cancers localized in the proximal colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum., Conclusion: The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in all localisations raises concern in Martinique. A significant predominance of colorectal cancer incidence among the male population in Martinique was not observed. Gender and age do not appear to imply any preferential localisation of colorectal cancer.

In this paper, we present data from the Martinique Cancer Registry for the period 1981-2000 and interpret cancer incidence trends in the light of risk factor patterns. In Martinique, cancer data are available from 1981. The sources of information are represented by insurance records, medical evacuations, hospitals and laboratory files. We performed a Mantel-Haenszel chi test stratified on age in order to assess time trends and to compare incidence rates between men and women over the whole period. A total of 8992 incidents of cancer cases were recorded during the last 20 years among men and 6832 in women. (The overall age-standardized incidence rate is 222 per 10 person-years for men and 145 per 10 person-years for women.) The most common cancers are prostate cancer in men (104 per 10 person-years) and breast cancer in women (42 per 10 person-years). Except for thyroid and salivary gland cancer, men experienced higher incidence rates for all other cancers. Incidence of prostate cancer in men, breast cancer in women and colorectal cancer in both sexes strongly increased between 1981-1990 and 1991-2000, whereas no significant variation was observed for that of all digestive cancers together. Among women, cervical cancer incidence strongly decreased. These results demonstrate that Martinique tends to have the same cancer risk profile as France Mainland with, however, higher incidence rates for cervical, stomach and prostate cancer. Changes in lifestyle and greater accessibility to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, in particular screening, have strongly contributed to the 'epidemiological transition' observed.

Objective: The proliferation of prostate cells appears to be influenced by two steroidal hormones: testosterone and vitamin D, whose action appears to mediated by their respective receptors. The genes coding for these two receptors and the gene coding for 5-alpha-reductase (enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism) have been identified as candidate genes for prostate cancer predisposition. Previous epidemiological and genetic susceptibility studies have reported controversial results concerning the role of these genes on prostate cancer incidence in various populations. The objective of this study was to determine the possible association in this population between polymorphisms of these genes, and the clinical and pathological stage and grade of prostate cancer., Methodology: This case-control epidemiogenetic study was based on 253 subjects living in Martinique. Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men and the leading cause of cancer death in Martinique. Its incidence is 80 per 100,000 inhabitants (world population standardized rates), which makes Martinique one of the most severely affected regions in the world with an incidence close to that of Afro-Americans. Cases and controls were recruitedfrom the hospital and general populations. The following gene polymorphisms were evaluated: the androgen receptor (AR) was studied by microsatellites of the CAG codon repeat domain; the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene was studied on poly(A) sequences of the 3'-UTR region; 5a-reductase II (SRD5A2) was studied by poly(TA) microsatellites. The odds-ratio (OR) was estimated by logistic regression with integration of clinical and biological parameters., Results: Our results for the androgen receptor showed an association between the presence of more than 20 CAG repeats and localized or low-grade forms. A risk related to the heavy allele of VDR was observed in advanced and low-grade forms (PSA-T > 20 ng/ml). Lastly, no 5a-reductase polymorphism distinguishing cases from controls was observed., Conclusion: This study demonstrated results that differ from those observed for other populations with a similar ethnic origin. For AR and VDR genes, the presence of a heavy allele is associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer with a poor prognosis. No high-risk group was identified according to 5a-reductase gene polymorphism.

Biopsies of the superficial sensory branch of the radial nerve are contested. Some authors mention it to be simple and without harm, but others are formally against this procedure. At ILAD, 274 biopsies were made between 1986 to 1992. We present a review of 112 leprosy patients for whom biopsy was done. On 112 reexamined patients, we observed 2 benign neuroma, hence 2%. The comparison of nerve function before biopsy and after, of 63 of the 112 patients, reexamination shows no significant modification of the functional score. Given even the occurrence of benign neuroma in only 2% of the cases, the authors do not recommend the biopsy of the superficial sensory branch of the radial nerve. For research purposes on neuritis in leprosy, as well as to assure diagnosis in primary neuritic leprosy, we propose the biopsy of the sensory branch of the musculo cutaneous nerve at elbow level.