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We construct new interregional input–output tables for China, which can be used to analyze changes in the interindustry linkages within and between eight Chinese regions, and their consequences. We claim that analyses based on these tables yield more accurate results than analyses using existing interregional input–output tables for China, because our tables explicitly account for a typical feature of the Chinse economy: the importance of processing exports activities. These activities rely heavily on imported inputs and much less on inputs sourced from domestic regions. Accounting for such differences between processing exports and other production activities reduces aggregation biases. We illustrate the usefulness of the tables by computing supply chain fragmentation indices for China and quantifying the biases that are avoided by using our input–output tables instead of conventional ones. We make our tables (for 2002, 2007 and 2012) publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's exports success has implications for regional income inequality, because most of its export products are manufactured in the coastal zone. We propose a value chain‐based accounting framework to quantify the contributions of exports to regional income inequality. We employ newly developed interregional input–output tables for China, which distinguish between processing export activities and ordinary export activities. We analyze the period 2002–2012, the decade during which China became the "Factory of the World." We find that an RMB of processing exports contributed much more to regional inequality than an RMB of ordinary exports or domestic final demand. Still, changes in regional inequality (increasing in 2002–2007 and decreasing between 2007 and 2012) are much more due to rising ordinary exports in the first subperiod and the growth of domestic final demand coupled with changes in the configuration of value chains in the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has brought about concerns of domestic job losses due to outsourcing to countries like China. The 'employment footprint' concept provides new insights into the implications of trade for employment. Using this approach for the period of 1995–2008, we analyze the relation of US jobs with international trade, particularly with China. Furthermore, we compare the US employment footprint with its labor endowment to assess if the country could be self-sufficient in terms of labor. We find that the US's consumption increasingly depends on foreign workers. The country 'consumes' more labor than is nationally available; thus, self-sufficiency is not possible under realistic assumptions. Moreover, the US has benefited from jobs – especially in services – generated by the world economy. Referring to Albee's famous play about living in illusions, we use 'Virginia Wu' as a Chinese version of 'Virginia Woolf' to argue that the perceived threat of China (Virginia Wu) is only an illusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities are pivotal hubs of socioeconomic activities, and consumption in cities contributes to global environmental pressures. Compiling city-level multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables is challenging due to the scarcity of city-level data. Here we propose an entropy-based framework to construct city-level MRIO tables. We demonstrate the new construction method and present an analysis of the carbon footprint of cities in China's Hebei province. A sensitivity analysis is conducted by introducing a weight reflecting the heterogeneity between city and province data, as an important source of uncertainty is the degree to which cities and provinces have an identical ratio of intermediate demand to total demand. We compare consumption-based emissions generated from the new MRIO to results of the MRIO based on individual city input-output tables. The findings reveal a large discrepancy in consumption-based emissions between the two MRIO tables but this is due to conflicting benchmark data used in the two tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00598.x Byline: Erik Dietzenbacher (1), Ronald E. Miller (2) Abstract: ABSTRACT. The biproportional RAS technique has become one of the most important tools to update, regionalize, or balance input-output tables. In this note, we rigorously prove that the estimation of the intermediate transactions matrix yields the same results as the estimation of the input coefficients matrix or the output coefficients matrix. We also show that this does not hold for any of the other updating procedures that have been commonly proposed as an alternative to RAS. Author Affiliation: (1)Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, and Regional Economics Applications Laboratory (REAL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL. E-mail:h.w.a.dietzenbacher@rug.nl (2)Regional Science Department (Emeritus), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. E-mail:remiller@sas.upenn.edu Article History: Received: October 2007; revised: September 2008; accepted: September 2008.

A study on water shortage in Andalusian, using virtual water technology, is presented.

Participation in global value chains (GVCs) has become a central topic in trade and development policy. It has opened new ways to achieve industrial upgrading. However, some theoretical models suggest that not all countries will upgrade through participation in GVCs. Using panel data from the World Input‐Output Database, we examine the effects of backward and forward GVC participation on three dimensions of industrial upgrading (process, product and skill upgrading). We find that backward GVC participation provides more upgrading opportunities for developing countries as it enables a less developed country to import sophisticated inputs. This activates learning through embodied knowledge. In contrast, forward participation has higher level of upgrading effect on developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DIETZENBACHER E. (2002) Interregional multipliers: looking backward, looking forward, Reg. Studies 36, 125-136. Backward linkages are usually measured using output multipliers as based on the input matrix. Similarly, value-added and import multipliers are derived by additionally using the corresponding primary input coefficients. For measuring forward linkages, input multipliers have been frequently used. Within a 'supply-driven' input--output model, these multipliers are obtained from the output matrix. The present paper extends this notion by taking into account also the final output coefficients. This yields consumption, export and investment multipliers. In an empirical analysis, multipliers are calculated for an intercountry input--output table of six European Union (EU) countries. The multipliers are decomposed into intracountry effects, intercountry spillover effects and intercountry feedback effects. Input--output analysis Multipliers Linkages Spillovers Feedbacks DIETZENBACHER E. (2002) Des multiplicateurs inter-regionaux: des liens en amont et en aval, Reg. Studies 36, 125-136. D'habitude, les liens en amont sont mesures a partir des multiplicateurs de production bases sur la matrice des facteurs de production. De la meme maniere, des multiplicateurs de valeur ajoutee et d'importation sont aussi etablis employant les coefficients des facteurs de production primaires correspondants. Afin de mesurer les liens en aval, on emploie souvent des multiplicateurs des facteurs de production. Au sein d'un modele des echanges intersectoriels determine par l'offre, ces multiplacateurs proviennent de la matrice de la production. Cet article cherche a etendre cette notion en tenant compte des coefficients de la production finale. Il en resulte des multiplicateurs de consommation, d'exportation et d'investissement. A partir d'une analyse empirique, des multiplicateurs sont calcules pour un tableau d'echanges intersectoriels de six pays de l'Union europeene (Ue). Les multiplicateurs sont desagreges en effets qui se font au sein d'un meme pays, et en effets de repartition et de redistribution qui se font entre les pays en question. Analyse par tableau d'echanges intersectoriels Multiplicateurs Liens Effets d'entrainement Effets de redistribution DIETZENBACHER E. (2002) Interregionale Multiplikatoren: Ruckschau und Vorausschau, Reg. Studies 36, 125-136. Bereits bestehende Verknupfungen werden gewohnlich mit Hilfe von Ertragsmultiplikatoren gemessen, die sich auf die Aufwandsmatrix stutzen. Mehrwert- und Importmultiplikatoren werden auf ahnliche Art und Weise durch zusatzliche Benutzung entsprechender Koeffizienten des Grundaufwands abgeleitet. Zur Messung voraussichticher Verknupfungen sind oft Aufwandsmultiplikatoren eingesetzt worden. In einem 'lieferungsgetriebenen' Aufwands--Ertragsmodell erhielt man Multiplikatoren von der Ertagsmatrix. Der vorliegende Aufsatz erweitert diese Idee, indem er auch den Endertrags-koeffizienten mit in Betracht zieht. Dies ergibt Verbrauchs-, Export- und Investierungsmultiplikatoren. In einer empirischen Analyse werden Multiplikatoren fur eine interstaatliche Aufwands-Ertragstabelle von sechs EU Landern berechnet. Die Multiplikatoren werden in innerstaatliche Auswirkungen, interstaatliche Uberlaufsauswirkungen und int erstaatliche Ruckkoppelungswirkungen zerlegt. Aufwands-Ertragsanalyse Multiplikatoren Verknupfungen Uberlaufe Ruckkoppelungen

The RAS method, an updating technique for input-output tables or matrices, is evaluated as a measuring and forecasting tool, using input-output data of European Union member states from 1965 and 1985 as an analytical example. The RAS method is found to be a better tool for measuring than forecasting, with the nonunique solution problem solved by using an economically feasible scaling technique.