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Seed losses of oilseed rape (OSR) occur before and during harvest. Seeds can persist in soils for several years and often appear as volunteers in successive crops. Oilseed rape volunteers (OSRV) can harm the product quality if they emerge in subsequent OSR crops differing in fatty acid profile or other quality traits. Several factors can affect volunteer abundance. Important factors identified under controlled conditions are OSR post-harvest management (stubble tillage) and OSR variety selection in terms of the genotypic secondary dormancy potential. In the growing seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11, OSR volunteer abundance was surveyed on agricultural OSR fields in Germany. The main objective was to assess factors affecting volunteer abundance under on-farm conditions by a prediction model. Volunteer numbers were determined by two different approaches: 1. Cultivation of a semi-dwarf hybrid OSR variety, and 2. Survey of OSR volunteers between wide rows in OSR crops. Data analysis taking into account farmers´ questionnaires revealed that the factor “variety selection” was not feasible for the prediction model. As an alternative approach to assess the impact of variety selection on volunteer abundance, the genotypic origin of volunteers was investigated by DNA fingerprints using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat)-PCR. Molecular marker analysis confirmed that OSR volunteers were to a large extent identified correctly. In four of seven selected fields, plants could be assigned to open pollinating varieties cultivated previously. In two of these fields, a high dormancy (HD) variety was found to account for a large proportion of the volunteers. In contrast, low dormancy varieties appeared only rarely as volunteers. Hybrid varieties could never be identified, due to genetic segregation in the F2 generation. Taken together, the results indicate that HD varieties substantially contribute to high OSR volunteer abundance in agricultural fields, although more data are needed to confirm this.

Facing current climate challenges and drastically reduced chemical options for plant protection, the exploitation of RNA interference (RNAi) as an agricultural biotechnology tool has unveiled possible new solutions to the global problems of agricultural losses caused by pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses. While the use of RNAi as a tool in agriculture is still limited to a few transgenic crops, and only adopted in restricted parts of the world, scientists and industry are already seeking innovations in leveraging and exploiting the potential of RNAi in the form of RNA‐based biocontrol compounds for external applications. Here, we highlight the expanding research and development pipeline, commercial landscape and regulatory environment surrounding the pursuit of RNA‐based biocontrol compounds with improved environmental profiles. The commitments of well‐established agrochemical companies to invest in research endeavours and the role of start‐up companies are crucial for the successful development of practical applications for these compounds. Additionally, the availability of standardized guidelines to tackle regulatory ambiguities surrounding RNA‐based biocontrol compounds will help to facilitate the entire commercialization process. Finally, communication to create awareness and public acceptance will be key to the deployment of these compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]