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Obesity has become a global health problem. In recent years, the influence of dietary microbes in the obese population has attracted the attention of scholars. Our study aimed to investigate the link between live microbe intake and obesity in adults. Participants (aged over 20 years) for this study were from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were categorised into low, medium and high dietary live microbe intake groups. Linear regression was used to analyse the link between live microbe intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Logistic regression was used to analyse the link between live microbe intake and obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence. Restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) were used to check whether there was a non-linear relationship between live microbe intake and obesity. A total of 42,749 participants were included in this study and the number of obese reached 15,463. We found that live microbe intake was negatively linked to BMI and WC. In models adjusted for all confounders, the high live microbe intake group had lower obesity (OR = 0.812, 95%CI: 0.754–0.873) and abdominal obesity prevalence (OR = 0.851, 95%CI: 0.785–0.923) than the lowest intake group. Upon further quantification of live microbe intake, we found similar results. RCS analyses showed that live microbe intake was nonlinearly negatively correlated with BMI, WC, obesity, and abdominal obesity prevalence (P for non-linearity < 0.05). This study preliminarily reveals a negative link between live microbe intake and obesity in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Obesity has become a global health problem. In recent years, the influence of dietary microbes in the obese population has attracted the attention of scholars. Our study aimed to investigate the link between live microbe intake and obesity in adults. Participants (aged over 20 years) for this study were from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were categorised into low, medium and high dietary live microbe intake groups. Linear regression was used to analyse the link between live microbe intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Logistic regression was used to analyse the link between live microbe intake and obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence. Restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) were used to check whether there was a non-linear relationship between live microbe intake and obesity. A total of 42,749 participants were included in this study and the number of obese reached 15,463. We found that live microbe intake was negatively linked to BMI and WC. In models adjusted for all confounders, the high live microbe intake group had lower obesity (OR = 0.812, 95%CI: 0.754–0.873) and abdominal obesity prevalence (OR = 0.851, 95%CI: 0.785–0.923) than the lowest intake group. Upon further quantification of live microbe intake, we found similar results. RCS analyses showed that live microbe intake was nonlinearly negatively correlated with BMI, WC, obesity, and abdominal obesity prevalence (P for non-linearity

Gut microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Dietary interventions offer promising microbial-targeted therapeutics for depression. However, limited evidence exists regarding the associations between dietary live microbe intake and the prevalence of depression, as well as its impact on mortality risks. This study included 28,133 participants from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018), and ascertained their underlying causes of death. Weighted logistic regression was utilized to assess the relationships between live microbe intake and risks of depression and suicidal ideation. Independent and joint associations between live microbe and mortality outcomes were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves to calculate relative risks. In the fully adjusted model, participants with high dietary live microbe intake had a significantly lower prevalence of depression (OR = 0.727, 95%CI: 0.627,0.844) and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.778, 95%CI: 0.648,0.935) than those with low intake. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for individuals in the G1 were 1.217 (95%CI, 1.081, 1.370) for all-cause mortality and 1.307 (95%CI, 1.029,1.661) for cardiovascular disease mortality, compared to participants in the G3. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that cumulative hazard of cardiovascular mortality was progressively lower among participants with depression in the G3 than those without depression. Higher live microbe intake was associated with a lower prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation, and was linked to significantly decreased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Further larger prospective studies are essential to verify the health effects of live microbes, and personalized dietary recommendations are necessary. • Higher live microbe intake was associated with a lower prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation. • Higher live microbe intake was linked to significantly decreased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. • The findings underscore the importance of live microbe intake for this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective The underlying mechanisms of Overactive Bladder (OAB) remain unclear. This research is designed to investigate the correlation between the intake of dietary live microorganisms and OAB. Methods This analysis encompasses a cross-sectional study of broad population information gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) spanning the years 2007 to 2018. Participants were categorized into three groups—low, medium, and high—according to their consumption of dietary live microorganisms, as per the Sanders Dietary Active Microbiota Classification System. We utilized a weighted logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analyses to investigate the relationship between dietary live microorganism intake and OAB. Results This research encompassed 16,795 subjects. The incidence of OAB was reduced in the group consuming a high amount of live dietary microbes compared to the groups with low and medium intake of such microbes. After detailed adjustments for covariates, analysis revealed that participants in the high live dietary microbe group had notably reduced odds of OAB compared to those in the low live dietary microbe group (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.99, p = 0.03). RCS analysis indicated a nonlinear correlation between high dietary active microbiota intake and the incidence of OAB. Conclusion This research emphasizes the potential advantages of a high dietary intake of active microbiota for preventing OAB. These findings support incorporating active microbiota into dietary guidelines, demonstrating their connection with a decreased incidence of OAB.

Objective: The underlying mechanisms of Overactive Bladder (OAB) remain unclear. This research is designed to investigate the correlation between the intake of dietary live microorganisms and OAB. Methods: This analysis encompasses a cross-sectional study of broad population information gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) spanning the years 2007 to 2018. Participants were categorized into three groups—low, medium, and high—according to their consumption of dietary live microorganisms, as per the Sanders Dietary Active Microbiota Classification System. We utilized a weighted logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analyses to investigate the relationship between dietary live microorganism intake and OAB. Results: This research encompassed 16,795 subjects. The incidence of OAB was reduced in the group consuming a high amount of live dietary microbes compared to the groups with low and medium intake of such microbes. After detailed adjustments for covariates, analysis revealed that participants in the high live dietary microbe group had notably reduced odds of OAB compared to those in the low live dietary microbe group (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.99, p = 0.03). RCS analysis indicated a nonlinear correlation between high dietary active microbiota intake and the incidence of OAB. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the potential advantages of a high dietary intake of active microbiota for preventing OAB. These findings support incorporating active microbiota into dietary guidelines, demonstrating their connection with a decreased incidence of OAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the potential association between dietary live microbe intake and sarcopenia. Data from 5368 participants were gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary information was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The participants were categorized into low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. Sarcopenia was defined according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) definition (appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body mass index <0.789 for men and <0.512 for women). Multivariate regression analysis and stratified analyses were performed. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals in the high dietary live microbe group exhibited a lower prevalence of sarcopenia compared to those in the low dietary live microbe group. The adjusted odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) was 0.63 (0.44–0.89) (p for trend <0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated a potential difference in the impact of dietary live microbe intake on sarcopenia between individuals with and without diabetes (p for interaction = 0.094). Higher dietary live microbe intake was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Several studies have reported dietary microorganisms' beneficial effects on human health. We aimed to detect the potential association between dietary live microbe intake and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. Methods: According to the Sanders classification system of dietary live microbes, the study participants were divided into three groups: low, medium, and high live microbe groups. In patients with T2DM, DKD was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration algorithm), proteinuria (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g), or both. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the independent association between dietary live microbe and DKD. Results: The study included 3836 participants, of whom 1467 (38.24%) had DKD for the diagnosis. Our study demonstrated that participants in the high dietary live microbe group were more likely to be older, female, non-Hispanic White, have higher education levels, have a lower prevalence of smoking, have a high poverty-income ratio, have higher energy intake, lower haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine levels, and lower risk of progression. After adjustment for covariates, patients in the high dietary live microbe group had a low prevalence of DKD, whereas no significant association with DKD was found between the medium and low dietary live microbe groups. No statistically significant interaction was observed in all subgroup analyses except for HbA1c (p for interaction < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that high dietary live microbe intake was associated with a low DKD prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research indicated that levels of dietary live microorganisms were inconsistently associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between consumption of live microorganisms and symptoms of depression. Data on 21,653 study participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary information was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Depressive status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Generalized linear model, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analyses were performed in this study. After full adjustment for confounders, participants in the moderate–dietary microbe intake group had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest intake group [odds ratio (OR): 0.813, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.678–0.974, P = 0.026, and pseudo R2 = 0.12]. Participants in the highest–dietary microbe intake group had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest intake group (OR: 0.714, 95 % CI: 0.586–0.870, P = 0.001, and pseudo R2 = 0.12). An L-shaped dose–response relationship was observed in the RCS (the P value for nonlinear relationship = 0.007). In subgroup analyses, participants with male identity, normal weight, and high physical activity (PA) level showed a substantial correlation between dietary live microbe consumption and depressive symptoms (all P values for interaction <0.050). This study was limited by its cross-sectional study design, and self-reported dietary live microbe consumption and depressive symptoms. A high dietary live microbe intake was nonlinearly correlated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. • Dietary live microbe intake was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. • An L-shaped dose–response relationship was observed. • Multiple statistical methods were used to obtain more comprehensive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAssessing the impact of dietary live microbe intake on health outcomes has gained increasing interest. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between dietary live microbe intake and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores, a metric for cardiovascular health (CVH), in the U.S. adult population.MethodsWe analyzed data from 10,531 adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005–2018. Participants were stratified into low, medium, and high intake groups of dietary live microbe based on Marco's classification system. We employed weighted logistic and linear regression analyses, along with subgroup, interaction effect, and sensitivity analyses. Additionally, Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) were used to explore the dose-response relationship between food intake and CVH in different groups.ResultsCompared to the low live microbe intake group, the medium and high live microbe intake groups had significantly higher LE8, with β coefficients of 2.75 (95% CI: 3.89–5.65) and 3.89 (95% CI: 6.05–8.11) respectively. Additionally, moderate and high groups significantly reduced the risk of high cardiovascular health risk, defined as an LE8 score below 50, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.73 and 0.65 respectively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis proved the stability of the results. In the low intake group, food intake shows a linear negative correlation with LE8, whereas in the high intake group, it exhibits a linear positive correlation. In contrast, in the moderate live microbe intake group, the relationship between food intake and LE8 presents a distinct inverted “U” shape.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential benefits of medium to high dietary intake of live microbe in improving LE8 scores and CVH in adults. These findings advocate for the inclusion of live microbes in dietary recommendations, suggesting their key role in CVH enhancement.

ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether the intake of live dietary microbes can be used as an auxiliary means for the treatment of arthritis.MethodsData used in the present research were originated from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003–2018. Participants involved in the present study were categorized into three groups based on the dietary live microbe classification system, namely low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. The analyses utilized weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The restricted cubic spline plot was used to explore the relationship between the high dietary live microbe group and the odds of arthritis.Results12,844 participants were included in the present study. The intake of high live dietary microbes in RA group was lower than that in healthy control group and OA group. The proportion of RA patients in the high live dietary microbe group was lower than that in the low and medium live dietary microbe group. Following the comprehensive adjustment for covariates, it was observed that participants in both the high and medium dietary live microbe groups exhibited lower odds of RA compared to those in the low dietary live microbe group (High OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.96; Medium OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59–1.00, p = 0.02). A restricted cubic spline plot indicates a negative correlation between the quantity of dietary live microbes and the occurrence of RA within the high dietary live microbe group.ConclusionThe results of our study revealed a significant difference in dietary live microbe intake between healthy and RA patients. Higher dietary intake was correlated with a decreased odds of RA. However, no significant association was found between the occurrence of OA and the quantity of dietary live microbes.

Objective: To detect the potential association between dietary live microbe and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: Data of 10,875 participants aged 18 years or older in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants in this study were divided into three groups according to the Sanders dietary live microbe classification system: low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. CVD was defined by a combination of self-reported physician diagnoses and standardized medical status questionnaires. The analyses utilized weighted logistic regression models. Results: After the full adjustment for confounders, patients in the medium dietary live microbe group had a low prevalence of CVD in contrast to those in the low dietary live microbe group (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.52–0.99, and p < 0.05), but no significant association with CVD was detected between the high and low dietary live microbe groups. Higher dietary live microbe groups were negatively associated with the prevalence of stroke (p for trend = 0.01) and heart attack (p for trend = 0.01). People who were male were more likely to suffer stroke due to low dietary live microbe (p for interaction = 0.03). Conclusion: A high dietary live microbe intake was associated with a low prevalence of CVD, and the significant association was detected when the analysis was limited to stroke and heart attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing the impact of dietary live microbe intake on health outcomes has gained increasing interest. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between dietary live microbe intake and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores, a metric for cardiovascular health (CVH), in the U.S. adult population., Methods: We analyzed data from 10,531 adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2018. Participants were stratified into low, medium, and high intake groups of dietary live microbe based on Marco's classification system. We employed weighted logistic and linear regression analyses, along with subgroup, interaction effect, and sensitivity analyses. Additionally, Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) were used to explore the dose-response relationship between food intake and CVH in different groups., Results: Compared to the low live microbe intake group, the medium and high live microbe intake groups had significantly higher LE8, with β coefficients of 2.75 (95% CI: 3.89-5.65) and 3.89 (95% CI: 6.05-8.11) respectively. Additionally, moderate and high groups significantly reduced the risk of high cardiovascular health risk, defined as an LE8 score below 50, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.73 and 0.65 respectively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis proved the stability of the results. In the low intake group, food intake shows a linear negative correlation with LE8, whereas in the high intake group, it exhibits a linear positive correlation. In contrast, in the moderate live microbe intake group, the relationship between food intake and LE8 presents a distinct inverted "U" shape., Conclusion: This study highlights the potential benefits of medium to high dietary intake of live microbe in improving LE8 scores and CVH in adults. These findings advocate for the inclusion of live microbes in dietary recommendations, suggesting their key role in CVH enhancement., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Wang, Wang, Zong, Li, Jiang and Li.)

Objective: The pathogenesis of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether the intake of live dietary microbes can be used as an auxiliary means for the treatment of arthritis., Methods: Data used in the present research were originated from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003-2018. Participants involved in the present study were categorized into three groups based on the dietary live microbe classification system, namely low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. The analyses utilized weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The restricted cubic spline plot was used to explore the relationship between the high dietary live microbe group and the odds of arthritis., Results: 12,844 participants were included in the present study. The intake of high live dietary microbes in RA group was lower than that in healthy control group and OA group. The proportion of RA patients in the high live dietary microbe group was lower than that in the low and medium live dietary microbe group. Following the comprehensive adjustment for covariates, it was observed that participants in both the high and medium dietary live microbe groups exhibited lower odds of RA compared to those in the low dietary live microbe group (High OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96; Medium OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59-1.00, p  = 0.02). A restricted cubic spline plot indicates a negative correlation between the quantity of dietary live microbes and the occurrence of RA within the high dietary live microbe group., Conclusion: The results of our study revealed a significant difference in dietary live microbe intake between healthy and RA patients. Higher dietary intake was correlated with a decreased odds of RA. However, no significant association was found between the occurrence of OA and the quantity of dietary live microbes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Xing and Kong.)