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Research on the dietary composition of felids can help improve the perception of rural workers and their tolerance towards this group, which is threatened by human-wildlife conflicts. In this context, the purpose of this study was to quantify the diet of Leopardus geoffroyi in Península Valdés (Patagonia, Argentina) to obtain baseline knowledge of the species dietary habits, trophic ecology, and degree of prey consumption. To this end, 160 fresh scat samples, collected from 2013 to 2016, were analyzed. Ten mammal species, one tinamou bird, one lizard genus, and one insect order were identified. The most frequently consumed prey (63.84%) were small-sized mammals (< 1 kg), accounting for the highest biomass contribution (37.2%). The frequency of each mammal species in the diet was not correlated with their capture frequency (measured through Sherman live traps and pedestrian diurnal transects). This study is the first to report on the diet of L. geoffroyi in Argentinean central Patagonia, and it provides information not only on ecological aspects but also on the natural history of this felid species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: this project studied the roles played in the food cycle within the domestic environment, revisiting the concept of the "food gatekeeper". Methods: information was obtained from 10 ethnographies and 24 in-depth interviews with people responsible for food tasks in low-income households in Santiago, Chile, during the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted from the framework of food environments and gender. Results: the results showed that the time allocated to the food cycle is highly unequal between genders and women are held responsible for the nutritional well-being of families. This role entails putting the feeding of others before their own. Conclusions: in conclusion, the need to consider the distribution of roles in nutritional health interventions is emphasized, avoiding reproducing risky practices for health and quality of life of food gatekeepers, by overexerting them under the justification of effectiveness in the transmission of healthy habits to families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we present a protocol for the use of the low-FODMAP diet in paediatric patients and review of the current evidence on its efficacy. These short-chain carbohydrates, which can be fermented by the intestinal microbiota, are found in a wide variety of foods, mainly of plant origin. The low-FODMAP diet is a therapeutic tool used for the management of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. The sources we used were PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and institutional websites. Following consumption of FODMAP-rich foods, a series of end products are generated that are not absorbed, giving rise to symptoms. Before starting a low-FODMAP diet, it is important to carry out a diagnostic evaluation including any applicable tests. Treatment is structured in 3 phases: elimination, reintroduction and personalization phase. In the first phase, FODMAP-rich foods are eliminated for 2–3 weeks. In the second phase, lasting 8 weeks, FODMAP-rich foods are gradually reintroduced. The last phase consists in customizing the diet according to individual tolerance. This article details which foods contain FODMAPs and possible substitutes. In addition, specific food diary/intake tracking and educational materials are provided in a series of appendices to facilitate adherence to the diet. Although most studies have been conducted in adults, there is also some evidence on the beneficial effects in the paediatric age group, with a reduction of symptoms, especially in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, more research is required on the subject. Resumen: En este artículo presentamos un protocolo para el uso de la dieta baja en FODMAPs en pacientes pediátricos y una revisión sobre la evidencia actual de su eficacia. Estos hidratos de carbono de cadena corta, fermentables por el microbiota intestinal, se encuentran fundamentalmente en gran variedad de alimentos de origen vegetal. La dieta baja en FODMAPs es una herramienta terapéutica utilizada en trastornos digestivos como el síndrome del intestino irritable. Los recursos utilizados han sido PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar y páginas web oficiales. Tras el consumo de alimentos ricos en FODMAPs, se generan unos productos finales que no se absorben, causando sintomatología. Antes de comenzar dicha dieta, es importante realizar una aproximación diagnóstica a través de las pruebas complementarias pertinentes. El tratamiento se divide en 3 fases: eliminación, reintroducción y personalización. En la primera se eliminan los alimentos ricos en FODMAPs durante 2–3 semanas. La segunda dura 8 semanas, y en ese período se introducen de nuevo de forma gradual alimentos ricos en FODMAPs. La última fase consiste en personalizar la dieta según la tolerancia individual. En este artículo se detallan aquellos alimentos que contienen dichos compuestos y los posibles sustitutos. Además, en una serie de Anexos se incluyen registros dietéticos específicos, y material didáctico para facilitar el cumplimiento de la dieta. Pese a que la mayoría de estudios se han realizado en población adulta, se ha observado que en edad pediátrica también tiene efectos beneficiosos. No obstante, se requiere más investigación al respecto.

Introducción. Las masculinidades representan roles sociales diversos y un estereotipo masculino que limita el desarrollo de tareas domésticas, entre otras, el estar a cargo de la alimentación familiar. Objetivo. Interpretar los relatos de personas mayores sobre el rol de las masculinidades en la transmisión alimentaria familiar. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo utilizando la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin. Participaron personas mayores de género masculino, a los que se les aplicó entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados a través de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, lo que permitió identificar las categorías centrales que fueron la base del levantamiento de teoría que responde al objeto de estudio. La investigación fue avalada por comité de ética científica. Resultados. Se reconoce una cesión social de hábitos, patrones y costumbres alimentarias familiares en este grupo de personas, en especial, en etapas nóveles de su trayectoria vital. Como personas mayores, las masculinidades se adaptan a los cuidados y necesidades de sus respectivos hogares, ayudando en las compras de alimentos, elaborando preparaciones culinarias o reconociendo miembros masculinos de sus familias en el traspaso intergeneracional de saberes alimentarios. Conclusión. Desde los relatos de personas mayores participantes, las masculinidades presentan una dinámica familiar que comienza a desmitificar el rol de género femenino en el traspaso cultural de la alimentación.

Se estima que a nivel mundial se procesa setecientos mil millones de toneladas al año de grano de cacao, en contraste a su proceso productivo, solo se aprovecha las semillas, que representa un 20%-23% del fruto, la otra proporción del fruto como la mazorca o cáscara, placenta, cascarilla y jugo de mucílago son los principales subproductos y se pierde como desecho. Debido a la disponibilidad y su alto valor nutricional, se le está dando diferentes usos en nuevas áreas de aplicación. Por ello, esta revisión se centra en actualizar conocimientos sobre el uso de subproductos del cacao en la producción animal, nuevos enfoques su viabilidad y su sostenibilidad. En este contexto, los subproductos son utilizados en la alimentación en monogástricos y poligástricos, reportando resultados favorables y mayor rentabilidad, representando una alternativa viable y valiosa para la alimentación animal. Se ha comprobado que estos subproductos están compuestos por diversos compuestos bioactivos de interés farmacéutico, industrial y alimenticio, que ya le están dando nuevos usos y aplicaciones. Se anticipa que los subproductos de cacao serán ampliamente adoptados con otros fines. En consecuencia, se espera que en el futuro próximo su disponibilidad para la alimentación animal disminuya y sus precios aumenten.

Land‐use and climate change are major pressures on terrestrial biodiversity. Species' extinction risk and responses to human pressures relate to ecological traits and other characteristics in some clades. However, large‐scale comparative assessments of the associations between traits and responses to multiple human pressures across multiple clades are needed. We investigated whether a set of ecological characteristics that are commonly measured across terrestrial vertebrates (ecological traits and geographic range area) are associated with species' responses to different land‐use types and species' likely sensitivity to climate change. We aimed to test whether generalizable patterns in response to these pressures arise across both pressures and across vertebrate clades, which could inform assessments of the global signature of human pressures on vertebrate biodiversity and guide conservation efforts. At the species level, we investigated associations between land‐use responses and ecological characteristics with a space‐for‐time substitution approach, making use of the PREDICTS database. We investigated associations between ecological characteristics and expected climate‐change sensitivity, estimated from properties of species realized climatic niches. Among the characteristics we considered, 3 were consistently associated with strong land‐use responses and high climate‐change sensitivity across terrestrial vertebrate classes: narrow geographic range, narrow habitat breadth, and specialization on natural habitats (which described whether a species occurs in artificial habitats or not). The associations of other traits with species' land‐use responses and climate‐change sensitivity often depended on species' class and land‐use type, highlighting an important degree of context dependency. In all classes, invertebrate eaters and fruit and nectar eaters tended to be negatively affected in disturbed land‐use types, whereas invertebrate‐eating and plant‐ and seed‐eating birds were estimated to be more sensitive to climate change, raising concerns about the continuation of ecological processes sustained by these species under global changes. Our results highlight a consistently higher sensitivity of narrowly distributed species and habitat specialists to land‐use and climate change, which provides support for capturing such characteristics in large‐scale vulnerability assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) report relief of symptoms after consuming certain foods. Diet plays a vital role in rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation regulation. This study investigates the relationship between dietary inflammation index (DII) scores and RA disease activity. Forty-one RA patients were enrolled in the study. The general inflammatory index of the diet was analyzed by recording the 24-h food consumption of the patients, and the nutrients were analyzed using the Nutrition Information Systems Package Program. Dietary inflammatory indices were calculated for each patient using the patients' macro and micronutrient intake levels. RA disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28). The DAS-28 score was lower in the anti-inflammatory diet group compared to the pro-inflammatory diet group (p = 0.163). A weak but significant relationship was found between diet inflammation index score and DAS-28 (r = 0.3468, p = 0.0263). The effect of the dietary inflammatory index on the DAS-28 was 12.02%. Dietary iron, vitamin C, niacin, and magnesium intakes were statistically significantly higher in the quartile group that received an anti-inflammatory diet than in the quartile group that received a pro-inflammatory diet. The intake of some micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, magnesium, and folic acid, was significantly lower than the recommended values in all RA quartile groups. Our results suggest that reducing inflammation through the diet may have a weak but significant effect in controlling disease activity in RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactulose-based hepatic encephalopathy treatment requires bowel movements/day titration, which is improved with Bristol stool scale (BSS) incorporation. Dieta app evaluates artificial intelligence (AI)-based BSS (AI-BSS) with stool images. Initially, controls (N 5 13) and cirrhosis patients on lactulose/not on lactulose (n 5 33) were trained on the app. They entered self-reported BSS (self-BSS) with AI-BSS communicated. Lactulose dose changes were tracked. A subset (n512) was retested with AI communication blocked. Most subjects were comfortable with the app. Self/AIBSS and lactulose dose/AI-BSS correlation increased with app use. AI-BSS communications improved insight into self-BSS over time. Dieta app to gauge stool AI characteristics was acceptable and increased insight into lactulose dose and BSS in cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

N/a.

El ratón de montaña (Thomasomys niveipes) es un roedor neotropical endémico de Colombia y exclusivo de la Cordillera Oriental, el cual presenta una dieta generalista que incluye insectos, hojas y hongos. Basados en observaciones directas presentamos el primer registro documentado del consumo de la seta calamar (Clathrus archeri) por parte del ratón de montaña (Thomasomys niveipes) en la cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Esta nota contribuye significativamente al conocimiento de la dieta de T. niveipes, así como genera nuevos interrogantes sobre la dispersión de esporas de la seta exótica C. archeri.

Las caries y las lesiones periapicales son procesos infecciosos crónicos de etiología multifactorial. Ambas patologías proporcionan información pertinente para reconstruir la dieta, los métodos de preparación de alimentos y la higiene bucal de las sociedades pasadas. Este trabajo propone el análisis de lesiones cariogénicas y periapicales en 25 individuos procedentes del sitio La Falda (1441-1635 años AD), con el fin de contribuir a la evaluación del estado de salud oral del conjunto. La prevalencia de caries registrada fue del 21,55% de los dientes que afectaban al 80% de los individuos analizados. Las lesiones periapicales fueron observadas en aproximadamente el 5% de los sacos alveolares, los cuales corresponden al 36% de los individuos analizados. Los molares fueron los más afectados por caries, mientras que los caninos manifestaron mayor presencia de lesiones periapicales. Los individuos femeninos y los adultos medios/mayores mostraron las frecuencias más altas de ambas patologías. La prevalencia de caries indica que los individuos de esta población tenían una dieta rica en carbohidratos, tal como es esperable en sociedades agro-pastoriles. Por otro lado, la baja frecuencia de lesiones periapicales sugiere que la expresión de esta patología no estaría relacionada a las caries, sino con factores que no fueron posibles de identificar. Finalmente, ambas patologías se manifestaron con prevalencias más elevadas en femeninos, por lo que se propone que los individuos de este sexo estaban mayormente expuestos a sufrir enfermedades orales infecciosas, probablemente por un acceso diferencial a los alimentos, factores fisiológicos o una higiene oral más pobre.

La atención al riesgo nutricional y al patrón alimentario de adultos mayores en residencias geriátricas privadas ha ganado relevancia debido al envejecimiento global de la población. Este grupo se considera vulnerable, enfrentando desafíos de salud y sociales significativos. El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo con corte transversal fue identificar el riesgo nutricional y los patrones dietéticos en adultos mayores de Centros Geriátricos Privados de Ibarra en 2023. Mientras que el método se utilizó el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) y encuestas sobre dieta y datos sociodemográficos, analizando 123 encuestas con el programa Jamovi. Los resultados destacan que las características dietéticas influyen en el riesgo nutricional, incluyendo textura, olor y sabor de los alimentos. En conclusión, este estudio subraya la importancia de considerar las dietas en centros geriátricos como determinantes del riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores, enfatizando la necesidad de promover dietas saludables y adaptadas a sus necesidades.

Izhodišča: Na podlagi prehranske obravnave in postavljene diagnoze motnja prehranjenosti ali s prehranjenostjo povezane motnje lahko oblikujemo posamezniku prilagojeni načrt prehranskih ukrepov. Ta je nujen, da vzdržujemo ali izboljšamo posameznikovo prehranjenost, pripravijo in izvajajo pa ga bolnik, njegovi bližnji in večstrokovna skupina, ki deluje v okviru različnih organizacijskih oblik ukvarjanja s klinično prehrano. Metode: Skupina 42 slovenskih strokovnjakov iz 19 slovenskih zdravstvenih ustanov je oblikovala eksplicitni terminološki dogovor. Osnovnim pojmom s področja prehranske oskrbe in organizacijskih oblik klinične prehrane smo določili slovenski termin in ustrezno terminološko definicijo, pri čemer smo izhajali tako iz strokovne literature področja kot iz jezikoslovne literature. Temelj oblikovanja terminologije so terminološke smernice Evropskega združenja za klinično prehrano in presnovo. Rezultati: V prispevku predstavljamo slovenske termine in terminološke definicije načrta prehranskih ukrepov, prehranske podpore in prehranske terapije. Opredelili smo tudi prehransko okolje, diete, paliativno prehrano in oblike hrane ter hranjenja v klinični prehrani. Opisali smo tudi možnosti za organizacijo prehranske oskrbe v zdravstvenih in negovalnih ustanovah. Zaključek: Poenoteno razumevanje osnovnih pojmov s področja prehranske terapije, prehranske podpore in organizacijskih oblik klinične prehrane je nujno za uspešno sporazumevanje med strokovnjaki, poenoteno poučevanje in razvoj ter vključitev organizacijskih oblik klinične prehrane v zdravstveni sistem.

Endometrioza je kronična vnetna bolezen, ki prizadene 6–10 % žensk v rodnem obdobju. Njeni simptomi vplivajo tako na fizično kot tudi psihično in socialno življenje in so eden od glavnih vzrokov za odsotnost žensk z dela in od pouka. Uspešnost medikamentnega in kirurškega zdravljenja endometrioze je omejena, zato bolnice iščejo dodatne možnosti za lajšanje simptomov, ki med drugim pogosto vključujejo prilagoditev prehrane. Danes lahko prosto dostopno na spletu najdemo številne diete za bolnice z endometriozo, ki pa so jih pogosto zasnovale bolnice same in ne temeljijo na znanstvenih dokazih. Prehrana pri endometriozi je tako vse pogostejši predmet raziskovanja. Številne raziskave nakazujejo pozitiven vpliv določenih hranil na pojavnost in simptome, povezane z endometriozo. Da bi dobili boljši vpogled v vlogo prehrane pri endometriozi, smo pregledali literaturo, ki opisuje vpliv hranil ali prehrane na pojavnost endometrioze in na simptome, povezane z njo.

Introdução e Objetivo: As dietas hospitalares visam melhorar a saúde, estado nutricional e quadro clínico do paciente hospitalizado, reduzindo o risco de complicações clínicas, o tempo de internação e a incidência de infecções. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a relação da aceitação de dietas hospitalares e o estado nutricional de idosos hospitalizados. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo com idosos hospitalizados no Hospital Escola da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Os critérios de inclusão do estudo: idosos e que possam relatar as informações ou que tivessem acompanhantes e ou responsáveis que pudessem responder o questionário por ele. Resultados: Sobre o estado nutricional, 44,4% da amostra foi classificada como bem nutrida, já pacientes moderadamente desnutridos e gravemente desnutridos apresentaram 22,2% e 33,3%, respectivamente. As dietas: pastosas, e hiperproteica e hipercalórica ou somente hiperproteica apresentaram menor aceitação por parte dos pacientes idosos internados. A dieta oferecida em ambiente hospitalar teve baixa aceitação no almoço e jantar comparado ao horário dos lanches e de maneira geral, temperatura, textura, sabor e frequência de oferta da refeição foram atributos classificados como bons pelos pacientes internados. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstram a importância de um acompanhamento nutricional eficaz no tratamento de idosos hospitalizados, ressaltando a importância das dietas hospitalares, para que os riscos atrelados à desnutrição sejam prevenidos e assim haja melhora do quadro clínico do paciente.

Introdução: A facilidade de acesso às informações sobre alimentação e nutrição pelas mídias sociais dificulta a seleção de informações de qualidade, o que pode gerar grandes prejuízos a quem as utiliza. Objetivo: Analisar a influência das mídias sociais nos hábitos alimentares de praticantes de musculação. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com praticantes de musculação de uma academia situada na Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando um questionário semiestruturado composto por 22 questões. Foram incluídos na pesquisa indivíduos adultos, praticantes de musculação e usuários da rede social. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 92 indivíduos, sendo 54,35% do sexo feminino. Identificou-se que a maioria usava Instagram (89%) e WhatsApp (84%), entre 4 e 8 horas por dia (57,6%). A maioria (76,09%) seguia algum perfil nas redes sociais que divulgavam informações sobre alimentação. Quando questionados se há alguém que os motivam nas redes sociais, 54,35% dos entrevistados responderam que sim, mas 40% disseram não saber se tal pessoa tem formação acadêmica e 22,86% afirmaram que não tem. Por influência das redes sociais, 45,65% já consumiram suplementos, 54,35% alimentos e 41,3% dos participantes já fizeram algum tipo de dieta, principalmente as dietas low carb (47,37%) e hiperproteica (28,95%). A maioria (55,26%) não conseguiu manter o peso desejado após o término da dieta e 50% apresentaram algum sintoma devido a dieta, principalmente fraqueza (89,47%). Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes já foi influenciado pelas mídias sociais para o consumo de algum alimento e considerava irrelevante a formação acadêmica das pessoas que veiculam informação sobre alimentação.

A deficiência visual é caracterizada como perda da capacidade visual que não pode ser corrigida totalmente com correção refrativa ou cirurgia, ocasionando uma limitação no desempenho de tarefas cotidianas. Objetivou-se investigar o estado nutricional de indivíduos com deficiência visual atendidos em uma escola localizada na cidade de Pelotas-RS. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional transversal, com adultos e idosos que apresentam diferentes graus de deficiência visual. Foi utilizado um questionário composto por 42 itens para obtenção de dados além das medidas antropométricas que foram realizadas para avaliar a composição corporal, estado nutricional e risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Fizeram parte do estudo 20 pessoas, predominantemente do sexo feminino, idosas e solteiras. Verificou-se que 55% dos participantes apresentaram excesso de peso. Além disso, foi constatado que 50% dos homens e 60% das mulheres tinham risco de complicações metabólicas associadas à obesidade central devido ao elevado perímetro da cintura. Portanto, os indivíduos com deficiência visual deste estudo apresentaram alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade.

La pancreatitis aguda es una patología cuyo manejo primario abarca medidas con el fin de asegurar el reposo gastrointestinal, la presente revisión sistemática tiene como fin valorar los beneficios obtenidos tras iniciarse una dieta oral inmediata en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, bajo lineamentos PRISMA, que incluyó ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados, la búsqueda fue realizada en PubMed, ScienceDirect y Cochrane, se usaron los términos de búsqueda: “Acute pancreatitis”, “Enteral nutrition” "Oral refeed" y "randomized controlado trial", obteniendo 393 artículos. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 6 estudios se incluyeron en la revisión, se valoró: complicaciones o eventos adversos, gravedad del cuadro, requerimiento de analgesia, estancia hospitalaria, tolerancia a la dieta y gastos generados, encontrando beneficios estadísticamente significativos, sobre todo en los últimos tres aspectos. Se concluyó que la alimentación oral inmediata es segura en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda, pese a ello, es imprescindible generar más estudios multicéntricos con el fin de generar evidencia de mayor peso.

In the present study, the trophic and bioclimatic niches of Liolaemus annectens and L. etheridgei are evaluated. Both species are distributed in the Andean region of southern Peru. Interspecific comparison of the trophic niche revealed Lygaeidae (Hemiptera) as a fundamental prey for L. etheridgei, while the fundamental preys in the diet of L. annectens were Lepidoptera larvae, Araneae, Curculionidae (Coleoptera), and Lygaeidae. Additionally, a significant consumption of plant material was observed in both species, indicating an omnivorous diet. Both species exhibited a narrow trophic niche breadth, with a specialist tendency in prey consumption and low trophic niche overlap. Regarding the Grinnellian niche, evaluation and comparison of ecological niche models allowed the identification of areas of highest suitability for the survival of these species. These include some areas in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna for L. etheridgei, and some areas in Arequipa, Puno and Cusco for L. annectens. Both species showed low ecological niche overlap, rejecting the hypothesis of identical niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual impairment is characterized as a loss of visual capacity that cannot be fully corrected with refractive correction or surgery, causing a limitation in the performance of everyday tasks. The objective was to investigate the nutritional status of individuals with visual impairment attended at a school located in the city of Pelotas-RS. It was a cross-sectional observational study, with adults and elderly people who have different degrees of visual impairment. A questionnaire consisting of 42 items was used to obtain data in addition to the anthropometric measurements that were taken to assess body composition, nutritional status and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. 20 people, predominantly female, elderly and single, took part in the study. It was found that 55% of the participants were overweight. Furthermore, it was found that 50% of men and 60% of women were at risk of metabolic complications associated with central obesity due to high waist circumference. Therefore, individuals with visual impairments in this study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives: Hospital diets aim to improve the health, nutritional and clinical picture of hospitalized patient, reducing the risk of clinical complications, length of stay and the incidence of infections. This one study aimed to evaluate the relationship between acceptance of hospital diets and the state of nutrition of hospitalized elderly. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study and descriptive study, in which elderly people were hospitalized at the Teaching Hospital in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do South. The inclusion criteria of the study: were elderly and who could report the information or who had companions and/or guardians who could answer the questionnaire for them. Results: Regarding the state nutrition, 44.4% of the sample was classified as well nourished, whereas patients moderately malnourished and severely malnourished presented 22,2% and 33,3% respectively. The diets: pasty, and hyperproteic and hypercaloric or only highprotein showed less accepted by elderly patients internet. The diet offered in a hospital environment had low acceptance at lunch and dinner compared to snack time and in general, temperature, texture, taste and frequency of meal offer were attributes classified as good by hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate the need for further studies on the subject to better understand the relationship between acceptance of hospital diets and the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The ease of access to information about food and nutrition through social media makes it difficult to select quality information, which can cause great harm to those who use it. Objective: To analyze the influence of social media on the eating habits of bodybuilders. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with bodybuilders from a gym located in Zona da Mata Mineira, using a semistructured questionnaire composed of 22 questions. Adult individuals, bodybuilders and social network users were included in the survey. Results: The sample consisted of 92 individuals, 54.35% female. It was identified that the majority used Instagram (89%) and WhatsApp (84%), between 4 and 8 hours a day (57.6%). The majority (76.09%) followed some profile on social networks that disseminated information about food. When asked if there is someone who motivates them on social networks, 54.35% of respondents answered yes, but 40% said they did not know if such a person had an academic background and 22.86% said they did not. Due to the influence of social networks, 45.65% have consumed supplements, 54.35% food and 41.3% of participants have already followed some type of diet, mainly low carb (47.37%) and high protein (28.95%) diets. Most (55.26%) were unable to maintain the desired weight after the end of the diet and 50% had some symptom due to the diet, mainly weakness (89.47%). Conclusion: Most participants had already been influenced by social media to consume some food, and considered the academic background of people who convey information about food to be irrelevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between diet and sleep has been studied in adults. However, there is little evidence in the pediatric population. The objective of this review was to analyze in a narrative way the relationship between diet, some nutritional aspects and sleep quality in population under 14 years. A quick review was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane with a search strategy combining MeSH terms and keywords. Studies were selected to estimate diet and evaluate nutritional status and sleep in children using different tools. The risk of bias from the 14 selected studies was determined with validated tools (AMSTAR 2, Newcastle Ottawa scale [NOS] and Risk of Bias [Rob2]). Adherence to some dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean, high consumption of fruits and vegetables, tryptophan intake or substitution of saturated fatty acids by unsaturated fats were associated with better sleep quality. The consumption of ultra-processed products, the "unhealthy fast food" or the high intake of simple sugars hinder an adequate rest. On the other hand, an association between a high body mass index and lack of sleep was observed in young people under 14. In conclusion, the collected studies showed a significant association between some dietary patterns, food groups and nutrients with sleep quality. "Unhealthy" dietary factors were associated with poorer sleep quality. However, healthier and recommended habits and diets were associated with improved sleep hygiene. On the other hand, the lack of hours of rest in the youth population increases height, weight and BMI. Further research is needed in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of an individualized dietary adaptation to achieve nutritional requirements in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methodology: a pilot study of a nutritional intervention in patients undergoing HSCT. A nutritional assessment was performed the first 24 hours of admission and every 48-72 hours until discharge, or + 40 days after the transplant, making dietary adaptations. Results: 25 patients were recruited. According to MUST, 92.0 % (n = 23) were well nourished at the initial visit, with a loss of 2.1 (3.8) kg and a BMI of 26.4 kg/m2 (4.2). Before HSCT, there was already a decrease in intake of 15.4 (23.5) % and in body weight of 0.2 (3.2) kg; after the HSCT, the weight loss was 3.4 (5.0) kg and the decrease in intake was 6.5 (30.4) %. The predominant symptoms were mucositis (60 %), nausea (60 %), and diarrhea (44 %). The diet was adapted in 100 % of the patients, 52 % received oral nutritional support (ONS) (n = 13); enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) were used only once. Conclusion: the nutritional status of patients undergoing HSCT is normal on admission but deteriorates during transplantation and prior conditioning. Dietary intervention is key to maintaining oral intake and reducing the risk of malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Folia Pharmaceutica Cassoviensia is the property of University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy in Kosice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The ensiling process of sugarcane promotes yeast proliferation during fermentation, requiring the use of additives. Clitorea ternatea can be used as a natural additive in sugarcane silages to reduce dry matter losses and modifying the fermentation profile of the silage. Objective: To evaluate the fermentative profile, chemical composition, in vitro gas production and ruminal degradation kinetics of sugarcane silages associated with different levels of butterfly pea hay. Methods: Increasing levels of butterfly pea hay (0, 10, 20, and 30% on dry matter basis) were added to sugarcane silages. A completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments and four repetitions, totaling 16 experimental silos that were opened after 60 days of ensiling. Results: Positive changes were observed in terms of fermentative losses, fermentative profile, chemical composition, in vitro gas production, and ruminal degradation kinetics with the addition of butterfly pea hay to sugarcane silage (p<0.05). Conclusion: The inclusion of up to 20% butterfly pea hay in sugarcane silage reduces fermentation losses and improves silage quality, such as increase in protein and energy content and reduction of the fibrous fractions of the silage, making silage an excellent ingredient to be included in ruminant diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to explore how local food practices related to barbacoa production reflect dynamics between deep-rooted cultural heritage and contemporary factors. Methodology: study with quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze the food practices of barbacoa-producing families. Participants' nutritional status and diet were assessed. Semi-structured interviews, direct observations and geocoding were used. The study followed bioethical standards in all procedures. Results: Urbanization has transformed the food landscape, reflecting an increasing availability of processed foods, while the sale and consumption of barbacoa are central elements of local identity and economy. Limitations: The findings are not generalizable to other areas with different food and health social determinants. The environment and food landscape of barbecue production, sale and consumption in Capulhuac are a local frame of reference. In dietary analysis the underreporting of sodium consumption was highly probable. Conclusions: in Capulhuac, traditional food practices reflect an identity rooted in rural history yet face contemporary influences toward unhealthy eating. Barbacoa production is economically important but there is a need to promote a balanced diet. The food environment is complex and reflects external influences and local traditions, so it is crucial to consider both the biological and the qualitative in nutritional epidemiological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known on the ecology of the Mexican Parrotlet (Forpus cyanopygius), an endemic species of western Mexico. Here, we present the first diet report for this species based on crop contents of three individuals that died following impact with a metallic structure. The individuals presented a crop full of 3,015 to 5,400 seeds from Ficus insípida. Figs are an important resource for many vertebrate species and is a food resource reported in the diet of many psittacines. Our report highlights the importance of gathering incidental information to fill knowledge-gaps for poorly known species and enable better conservation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the dietary intake of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) may vary widely according to different cultural eating habits, lifestyle, access to multidisciplinary team, and metabolic formulas available. Thus, knowing the dietary intake of this population makes it possible to tailor nutritional treatment strategies to impact their health. Objective: to analyze the evidence on the dietary intake of individuals with PKU. Methods: an integrative literature review was conducted on the dietary intake of individuals with PKU in the databases PUBMED, BIREME and Science Direct. Original articles that addressed the energy and macronutrient food intake of children, adolescents and/or adults with PKU were included in the study, without time restriction, in any language. A total of 384 articles were found and 27 articles were selected and analyzed. Results: evidence about the nutritional composition of their diet showed that individuals with PKU consume between 1160-2721 kcal of energy --7.2-17.4 % (32.4-76.9 g) of energy as protein, 45.9-69.2 % of energy as carbohydrates, 16.6-39 % of energy as lipids-- and between 7.6 and 20 g of fiber. Conclusion: most individuals with PKU have low energy, protein and fiber intake, adequate lipid intake, and high carbohydrate intake. Metabolic control of the disease is still a challenge in all countries. Nutritional strategies to improve dietary nutritional composition and phenylalanine blood levels in individuals with PKU remain an urgent issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: nutritional epidemiology seeks to understand the relationship between food consumption and the occurrence of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) used a reduced Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to compare diet quality between cohort stages. Objective: to develop and validate an index created using a food quality score (FQS) using the FFQ of ELSA-Brasil. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out between August 2020 and March 2021 with 4262 participants. For each frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers, a score was given. Validity and reliability were tested using Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and Cronbach's alpha. Tests were performed to verify differences between individual characteristics and FQS. Results: the PCA indicated a total variability of 42.5 %. Women and individuals with higher age, physical activity and per capita income had a higher FQS, while those who reported higher consumption of alcohol and being smokers had a lower score. Cronbach's alpha was 0.47. Conclusion: the FQS showed a satisfactory validity and reliability and was associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle data. Therefore, it is a useful tool for comparing dietary information, thus contributing to nutritional epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being an important component of the freshwater ecosystems and an important factor controlling wild fish populations, Amazonian fish parasites have been poorly studied. Here, we analyzed the fauna of metazoan parasites from 10 detritivorous and omnivorous fish species from Amapá Lake in the western Amazon. Of 159 fish specimens examined, 73.6% were parasitized by one or more species of metazoan parasites. A total of 5,260 parasites (24 Monogenea, 14 Nematoda, 10 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala, and 6 Crustacea) were identified. Aggregated dispersion pattern of parasites was observed. There was a predominance of endohelminth species that presented a similar pattern regarding the level of component communities (i.e., a low species number, low diversity and dominance of a single species, mainly the digeneans and nematodes in their larval stages). Five species of parasites presented correlation with the body size of the hosts. In the fish community, the presence of endoparasites in the larval and adult stages suggests that these are intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts, reflecting their detritivorous or omnivorous feeding habits. The trophic level and diet had an influence on the structuring of endohelminth communities and infracommunities. Lastly, 38% of the metazoan parasite species were new records for examined hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La caries dental es una enfermedad multifactorial, no transmisible y dinámica, determinada por factores biológicos, conductuales, psicosociales y ambientales. Esta situación puede tener un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de los niños, ya que puede resultar en dolor, infecciones y dificultades para comer y hablar. Uno de los factores que se ha identificado como contribuyente clave a la caries dental es la alta ingesta de alimentos procesados, especialmente cuando estos son consumidos de manera frecuente y en cantidades excesivas. Objetivo Evaluar la asociación entre caries dental y el consumo de alimentos procesados y no procesados en las loncheras de niños preescolares. Metodología, diseño de investigación cuantitativa, tipo descriptivo, bibliográfica, de campo y conjunta utilizando de instrumento la historian clínica 033, la historia de dieta de la ficha clínica de Odontopediatría y la encuesta validada por expertos de la Facultad. Resultados: de los 50 niños que asistieron a la clínica de la facultad de Odontología, 36 tienen un moderado riesgo de caries, 14 en un alto riesgo y no se encontraron niños con bajo riesgo en la historia dietética que consta en la historia clínica utilizada en la clínica. En el índice ceod de los 50 niños 35 presentan dientes cariados, 6 dientes extraídos y 0 dientes obturados, observando solo 15 niños sanos. Conclusión: lamayoría de los padres envían alimentos procesados que contienen una alta cantidad de azúcares por ello la alta prevalencia de caries debido al poco conocimiento de los padres sobre la relación de las dos variables ya mencionadas.