Search

International audience; Excavated in the middle of the 1960’ by M. Sechter, the site of Mougins – Bréguières, in Southeastern France, appears of a huge patrimonial and scientific interest, due to the exceptional abundance and preservation of human bones, the singularity of associated material, and the specificity of the place, a fault, where the corpses were left. In the frame of the ETICALP project, direct dating of bone collagen has been run in order to define the chronological and cultural context of human deposits. Among twelve analyses, a consistent set of eleven dates situates the site’s use as a burial at the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE, and justifies that detailed anthropological studies have been run. The latter have demonstrated that the human bone assemblage presents all the characters of a collective burial which then appears as one of the oldest within the Western Mediterranean Neolithic, in a social context marked by deep changes in symbolic paradigms through the whole Western Europe. The biological analysis indicates that the individuals composing this assemblage did cover a large range of ageing clusters, with the exception of perinatal. A first set of isotopic analyses highlights the huge potential of these series for understanding the diet variability among the individuals and during their own life.; Fouillé au milieu des années 1960 par M. Sechter, le site des Bréguières à Mougins présente un intérêt patrimonial et scientifique primordial en raison de l’abondance et de la conservation exceptionnelle des restes humains qui y furent découverts, de la singularité des mobiliers archéologiques qui y étaient associés et de la spécificité du lieu, une faille, où ils ont été déposés. Dans le cadre du Projet collectif de recherche ETICALP, des datations directes sur collagène osseux ont été entreprises afin de préciser le contexte chrono-culturel de ces dépôts. Onze des douze dates ainsi obtenues placent l’utilisation du site comme sépulcre à la fin du VIe et au début du Ve millénaire BCE, justifiant la mise en œuvre d’une analyse anthropologique détaillée. Cette dernière a conclu à un assemblage présentant tous les aspects d’une sépulture collective qui s’avère de fait comme étant l’une des plus anciennes du Néolithique ouest-méditerranéen, dans un contexte social caractérisé par un profond renouvellement des paradigmes symboliques à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. L’analyse biologique indique que les 61 individus qui composent cet assemblage appartiennent à toutes les classes d’âge, exception faite des périnataux. Les premières analyses isotopiques mettent en valeur le potentiel considérable de cette série pour aborder la variabilité des régimes alimentaires au sein de la population et au cours de la vie des individus.

PELICICE, Fernando Mayer; AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio. Feeding ecology of fishes associated with Egeria spp. patches in a tropical reservoir, Brazil. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, Copenhagen, v.15, no.1, p.10-19, 2006. This research characterised feeding ecology of fishes associated with patches of Egeria najas and Egeria densa, two submerged macrophytes, in Rosana Reservoir, Upper Parana´ River basin, Brazil. Fishes were sampled using a 1 m2 throw trap in patches of different macrophyte biomass and in three diel periods during a wet season. Fish diet (10 species) was primarily composed of autochthonous items (zooplankton, algae and aquatic insect larvae). Almost all intra-specific diet patterns had moderate to low levels of diet similarity, indicating a high variability in diet. Some species showed no diel patterns in feeding activity, whereas others were primarily diurnal or nocturnal. No differences in feeding activity were observed among habitats of medium and high macrophyte biomasses, and species tended to feed on the same items among these habitats. The most abundant fish species demonstrated low inter-specific diet overlap and appear not to compete for food resources. We suggest that Egeria patches are feeding grounds and shelter for smallsized fish species. Resumen: 1. Esta investigación caracterizó la ecología trófica de lãs especies de peces asociadas a manchas de Egeria najas e E. densa, dos macrofitas sub-aquaticas, en la represa de Rosana (alto Río Paraná, Brasil). Los peces fueron colectados con um throw trap de 1 m2 en manchas con distintas biomasas de macrófitas y en tres períodos del día, durante la estación lluviosa. 2. La dieta de 10 especies estuvo compuesta principalmente de componentes autóctonos (zooplancton, algas y larva de insectos acuáticos). Casi todas las especies presentaron patrones de dieta intra-específica con similitudes moderadas o bajas (elevada variabilidad). Algunas especies no mostraron ningún patrón de actividad alimenticia durante el día mientras que otras fueron principalmente diurnas o nocturnas. No se observó ninguna diferencia de actividad alimenticia entre los habitats de media y alta biomasa de macrófitas, y las especies tendieron a alimentarse de los mismos componentes entre estos habitats. 3. Las especies de peces más abundantes mostraron um solapamiento alimenticio bajo y parecen no competir por recursos alimenticios. Sugerimos que las manchas de Egeria funcionan como lugar de alimentación y abrigo para los peces de pequeño tamaño.

Excavated in the middle of the 1960’ by M. Sechter, the site of Mougins – Bréguières, in Southeastern France, appears of a huge patrimonial and scientific interest, due to the exceptional abundance and preservation of human bones, the singularity of associated material, and the specificity of the place, a fault, where the corpses were left. In the frame of the ETICALP project, direct dating of bone collagen has been run in order to define the chronological and cultural context of human deposits. Among twelve analyses, a consistent set of eleven dates situates the site’s use as a burial at the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE, and justifies that detailed anthropological studies have been run. The latter have demonstrated that the human bone assemblage presents all the characters of a collective burial which then appears as one of the oldest within the Western Mediterranean Neolithic, in a social context marked by deep changes in symbolic paradigms through the whole Western Europe. The biological analysis indicates that the individuals composing this assemblage did cover a large range of ageing clusters, with the exception of perinatal. A first set of isotopic analyses highlights the huge potential of these series for understanding the diet variability among the individuals and during their own life. Fouillé au milieu des années 1960 par M. Sechter, le site des Bréguières à Mougins présente un intérêt patrimonial et scientifique primordial en raison de l’abondance et de la conservation exceptionnelle des restes humains qui y furent découverts, de la singularité des mobiliers archéologiques qui y étaient associés et de la spécificité du lieu, une faille, où ils ont été déposés. Dans le cadre du Projet collectif de recherche ETICALP, des datations directes sur collagène osseux ont été entreprises afin de préciser le contexte chrono-culturel de ces dépôts. Onze des douze dates ainsi obtenues placent l’utilisation du site comme sépulcre à la fin du VIe et au début du Ve millénaire BCE, justifiant la mise en œuvre d’une analyse anthropologique détaillée. Cette dernière a conclu à un assemblage présentant tous les aspects d’une sépulture collective qui s’avère de fait comme étant l'une des plus anciennes du Néolithique ouest-méditerranéen, dans un contexte social caractérisé par un profond renouvellement des paradigmes symboliques à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. L’analyse biologique indique que les 61 individus qui composent cet assemblage appartiennent à toutes les classes d’âge, exception faite des périnataux. Les premières analyses isotopiques mettent en valeur le potentiel considérable de cette série pour aborder la variabilité des régimes alimentaires au sein de la population et au cours de la vie des individus.

Fouillé au milieu des années 1960 par M. Sechter, le site des Bréguières à Mougins présente un intérêt patrimonial et scientifique primordial en raison de l’abondance et de la conservation exceptionnelle des restes humains qui y furent découverts, de la singularité des mobiliers archéologiques qui y étaient associés et de la spécificité du lieu, une faille, où ils ont été déposés. Dans le cadre du Projet collectif de recherche ETICALP, des datations directes sur collagène osseux ont été entreprises afin de préciser le contexte chrono-culturel de ces dépôts. Onze des douze dates ainsi obtenues placent l’utilisation du site comme sépulcre à la fin du VIe et au début du Ve millénaire BCE, justifiant la mise en œuvre d’une analyse anthropologique détaillée. Cette dernière a conclu à un assemblage présentant tous les aspects d’une sépulture collective qui s’avère de fait comme étant l’une des plus anciennes du Néolithique ouest-méditerranéen, dans un contexte social caractérisé par un profond renouvellement des paradigmes symboliques à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. L’analyse biologique indique que les 61 individus qui composent cet assemblage appartiennent à toutes les classes d’âge, exception faite des périnataux. Les premières analyses isotopiques mettent en valeur le potentiel considérable de cette série pour aborder la variabilité des régimes alimentaires au sein de la population et au cours de la vie des individus. Excavated in the middle of the 1960’ by M. Sechter, the site of Mougins – Bréguières, in Southeastern France, appears of a huge patrimonial and scientific interest, due to the exceptional abundance and preservation of human bones, the singularity of associated material, and the specificity of the place, a fault, where the corpses were left. In the frame of the ETICALP project, direct dating of bone collagen has been run in order to define the chronological and cultural context of human deposits. Among twelve analyses, a consistent set of eleven dates situates the site’s use as a burial at the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE, and justifies that detailed anthropological studies have been run. The latter have demonstrated that the human bone assemblage presents all the characters of a collective burial which then appears as one of the oldest within the Western Mediterranean Neolithic, in a social context marked by deep changes in symbolic paradigms through the whole Western Europe. The biological analysis indicates that the individuals composing this assemblage did cover a large range of ageing clusters, with the exception of perinatal. A first set of isotopic analyses highlights the huge potential of these series for understanding the diet variability among the individuals and during their own life.

International audience; Excavated in the middle of the 1960’ by M. Sechter, the site of Mougins – Bréguières, in Southeastern France, appears of a huge patrimonial and scientific interest, due to the exceptional abundance and preservation of human bones, the singularity of associated material, and the specificity of the place, a fault, where the corpses were left. In the frame of the ETICALP project, direct dating of bone collagen has been run in order to define the chronological and cultural context of human deposits. Among twelve analyses, a consistent set of eleven dates situates the site’s use as a burial at the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE, and justifies that detailed anthropological studies have been run. The latter have demonstrated that the human bone assemblage presents all the characters of a collective burial which then appears as one of the oldest within the Western Mediterranean Neolithic, in a social context marked by deep changes in symbolic paradigms through the whole Western Europe. The biological analysis indicates that the individuals composing this assemblage did cover a large range of ageing clusters, with the exception of perinatal. A first set of isotopic analyses highlights the huge potential of these series for understanding the diet variability among the individuals and during their own life.; Fouillé au milieu des années 1960 par M. Sechter, le site des Bréguières à Mougins présente un intérêt patrimonial et scientifique primordial en raison de l’abondance et de la conservation exceptionnelle des restes humains qui y furent découverts, de la singularité des mobiliers archéologiques qui y étaient associés et de la spécificité du lieu, une faille, où ils ont été déposés. Dans le cadre du Projet collectif de recherche ETICALP, des datations directes sur collagène osseux ont été entreprises afin de préciser le contexte chrono-culturel de ces dépôts. Onze des douze dates ainsi obtenues placent l’utilisation du site comme sépulcre à la fin du VIe et au début du Ve millénaire BCE, justifiant la mise en œuvre d’une analyse anthropologique détaillée. Cette dernière a conclu à un assemblage présentant tous les aspects d’une sépulture collective qui s’avère de fait comme étant l’une des plus anciennes du Néolithique ouest-méditerranéen, dans un contexte social caractérisé par un profond renouvellement des paradigmes symboliques à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. L’analyse biologique indique que les 61 individus qui composent cet assemblage appartiennent à toutes les classes d’âge, exception faite des périnataux. Les premières analyses isotopiques mettent en valeur le potentiel considérable de cette série pour aborder la variabilité des régimes alimentaires au sein de la population et au cours de la vie des individus.

Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is a widely used modeling tool to simulate ecosystem functioning and its evolution over time. Initial inputs for the model include biomass, production to biomass and consumption to biomass ratios and diets, but while biomass changes are accounted for in the temporal simulation, other input data are assumed to remain constant. The effect of changes in predator biomass on predation mortality of prey are paramount in the temporal simulations of the model, overriding the effects of the necessary adjustments in other inputs data necessary to balance the steady state part of the model (Ecopath). Therefore, interannual changes in the links among functional groups, estimated as diet variability, should play an essential role in the results of the simulation. Using the Cantabrian shelf sea as a case study, we constructed a 36 functional groups' EwE for the period 1994 to 2013. Diet variability was estimated for keystone groups from stomach content analysis performed routinely in the Cantabrian Sea along the study period onboard the IBTS Demersales surveys and was included in the model using internal forcing by means of the trophic flow controls between key interacting species groups. Using this approach we aim at proving the ecological role of key functional groups and testing their trophic flexibility as warrant of ecosystem stability.

Aquatic ecosystems have been colonized by many non-native species around the world and these issues are considered threats to several ecosystems. Hydrilla verticillata had recently invaded the upper Paraná River floodplain, and it was found co-occurring with the native Egeria najas in a secondary channel of the river. In this rare opportunity we assessed the invasive macrophyte (H. verticillata) as foraging habitat for small fish species. Fish were sampled in mono-specific patches of H. verticillata and of E. najas, using floating Plaxiglas traps (minnow traps type). The native species, whose life form is similar to H. verticillata, was used as control. Were assessed the feeding activity and the composition and overlap diet. Fish feeding activity, assessed by mean stomach fullness, did not differ significantly between H. verticillata and E. najas, showing that invasive macrophyte species did not affect the foraging efficiency. On the other hand, the PERMANOVA showed that the diet composition of five out of six fish species was significantly different between the patches of H. verticillata and E. najas, suggesting that the invasive and native macrophyte can provide different types of food resources for the fishes. The diet overlap values indicated food segregation among the fish species for both macrophytes. The results indicate that the foraging efficiency was not affected, but the diet composition was affected by the invasive macrophyte, probably as a result of the difference in the food availability provided by both macrophytes. Despite differences in diet composition, we infer that H. verticillata provides favorable feeding habitat for small fish species, because the feeding activity was similar in both macrophytes. Ecossistemas aquáticos têm sido colonizados por espécies não-nativas em todo o mundo e essas introduções são consideradas ameaças aos ambientes naturais. Hydrilla verticillata é uma recente invasora da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e foi encontrada co-ocorrendo com a nativa Egeria najas em um canal secundário do rio. Nesta rara oportunidade, avaliamos a macrófita invasora (H. verticillata) como local de forrageamento para espécies de peixes de pequeno porte. Os peixes foram amostrados em bancos mono-específicos de H. verticillata e E. najas, utilizando armadilhas flutuantes de Plaxiglas (tipo minnow-trap). Os bancos da espécie de macrófita nativa, cuja forma de vida é semelhante a H. verticillata, foram utilizados como controle. Foram avaliadas a atividade alimentar e a composição e sobreposição da dieta. A atividade alimentar dos peixes, avaliada pelos valores de GRm, não diferiram significativamente entre H. verticillata e E. najas, mostrando que a espécie de macrófita invasora não afetou a eficiência de forrageamento dos peixes. Por outro lado, a PERMANOVA mostrou que a composição da dieta de cinco das seis espécies de peixes foi significativamente diferente entre os bancos de H. verticillata e E. najas, sugerindo que a macrófita invasora e a nativa podem fornecer diferentes tipos de recursos alimentares para o peixes. Os valores de sobreposição alimentar indicaram segregação entre as espécies de peixes para as duas macrófitas. Os resultados indicam que a eficiência de forrageamento dos peixes não foi afetada, mas a composição da dieta foi afetada pela macrófita invasora, provavelmente como resultado da diferença na disponibilidade de alimento fornecidos por ambas as macrófitas. Apesar das diferenças na composição da dieta, inferimos que H. verticillata fornece habitat de alimentação favorável para as espécies de peixes de pequeno porte, já que a atividade alimentar foi semelhante em ambas as macrófitas. 27 f

Capsule The composition varied between colony site, month and year. Aims To determine the diet composition of chicks and its variations in 2000 and 2001. To look for any changes over the last 30 years. Methods Chick regurgitates were analysed to determine which Order contributed most to the diet, by frequency and by biomass. Results During 2000 and 2001 chick diet was dominated by insects (92% and 70% by biomass, respectively), mainly Coleoptera (60% and 41%) and Orthoptera (27% in both years). The dry mass of Orthoptera, Coleoptera adults, Odonata and amphibians differed significantly between breeding sites, months and years.The proportion of invertebrates (in biomass) increased from 36.5% in 1970 and 31% in 1971 to 95% in 2000 and 90% in 2001 whereas the proportion of amphibians decreased in the same time from 49% and 33% in 1970 and 1971 to 5.0% and 9.5% in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Conclusion The proportion of prey types differed bewteen colony sites and months. Major changes were found in the diet composition between the early 1970s and 2000s. The possible hypotheses for the observed differences are discussed.

Collection de tirés-à-part de la bibliothèque de l'I.P.H.; International audience; Dental aspects of Ancient Egyptians based on the Marro collection (Institute of Anthropology, Turin, Italy), presented at the symposia held at Manchester in1984, establish the causes of considerable tooth occlusal wear. Since the selected Egyptian dentitions showed a high degree of similarity, micro wear was compared to the wear observed in humans of known diet. The character of wear of the pre-dynastic and dynastic Egyptians was attributed to the abrasives of vegetables used both in the diet and as masticators.

Dental aspects of Ancient Egyptians based on the Marro collection (Institute of Anthropology, Turin, Italy), presented at the symposia held at Manchester in1984, establish the causes of considerable tooth occlusal wear. Since the selected Egyptian dentitions showed a high degree of similarity, micro wear was compared to the wear observed in humans of known diet. The character of wear of the pre-dynastic and dynastic Egyptians was attributed to the abrasives of vegetables used both in the diet and as masticators.