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Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair integrity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and secondarily, clinical outcomes, of medium to large (2-4 cm) rotator cuff tears treated using an arthroscopic triple-loaded medially based single-row repair technique augmented laterally with bone marrow vents., Methods: This is a retrospective outcomes study of patients with full-thickness medium to large (2-4 cm) rotator cuff tears repaired by 4 surgeons at a single institution over a 2-year period with a minimum of 24 months' follow-up. A single-row repair with tension-minimizing medially based triple-loaded anchors and laterally placed bone marrow vents was used. Patients completed a satisfaction and pain survey, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index questionnaire, and a Short Form-36 version 2 survey to evaluate clinical outcomes. MRI was obtained at a minimum of 24 months follow-up to assess repair integrity., Results: A total of 64 males and 27 females with a mean age of 59.7 (range, 34-82) were included. The mean tear size was 2.6 cm in anteroposterior dimension, treated with a mean of 2.2 anchors. Eighty-three of 91 shoulders (91%) reported being completely satisfied with their result. The median Western Ontario Rotator Cuff score was 95.2% of normal, with a significant difference found between those with an intact repair and those with a full-thickness recurrent defect (median, 95.9% vs. 73.8%; P = .003). Postoperative MRI obtained at a median of 32 months (range, 24-48) demonstrated an intact repair in 84 of 91 shoulders (92%), with failure defined as a full-thickness defect of the tendon., Conclusions: Arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears using triple-loaded medially based single-row repair augmented with marrow vents resulted in a 92% healing rate by MRI and excellent patient-reported outcomes LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series., (Copyright © 2020 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the Tönnis classification in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) hips without dysplasia., Methods: Forty-nine patients with FAI underwent preoperative radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiographs were evaluated in 2 separate settings by 5 observers and graded according to the Tönnis classification. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was calculated using the κ coefficient. Intraoperative chondral damage was assessed, and chondral damage to the acetabulum (acetabular labrum articular disruption [ALAD] classification) and to the femur (Outerbridge classification) was graded. The Spearman coefficient was computed to quantify the degree of correlation between the Tönnis grade and MRI-detected chondral damage, as well as intraoperative chondral damage., Results: The average intraobserver reliability of the Tönnis classification was moderate (κ = 0.472), and the interobserver reliability was fair (κ = 0.287). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the Tönnis classification and the ALAD classification (P = .0087) and between the Tönnis classification and femoral chondral damage detected by MRI (P = .0247). A statistically significant correlation was not found between the Tönnis grade and the intraoperative Outerbridge classification of the femur (P = .4969), between the Tönnis grade and acetabular chondral damage on MRI (P = .4969), or between the Tönnis grade and the ability to detect a chondral flap on MRI (P = .2160). No statistically significant correlation was found between the ALAD classification and the presence or absence of a chondral flap on MRI (P = .3538), between the ALAD classification and MRI-detected chondral damage to the acetabulum (P = .103), or between the Outerbridge classification and the degree of chondral damage observed on MRI of the femur (P = .1922)., Conclusions: The Tönnis classification and MRI have substantial limitations when evaluating nondysplastic hips with FAI for the degree of chondral damage and arthritis., Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study of prospective data., (Copyright © 2019 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study evaluated the repair integrity and patient clinical outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears using a single-row technique consisting of medially based, triple-loaded anchors augmented with bone marrow vents in the rotator cuff footprint lateral to the repair., Methods: This is a retrospective study of 52 patients (53 shoulders) comprising 36 males and 16 females with a median age of 62 (range 44-82) with more than 24-month follow-up, tears between 2 and 4 cm in the anterior-posterior dimension and utilizing triple-loaded anchors. Mann-Whitney test compared Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) outcome scores between patients with healed and re-torn cuff repairs. Multivariate logistic regression analysed association of variables with healing status and WORC score. Cuff integrity was assessed on MRI, read by a musculoskeletal fellowship-trained radiologist., Results: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intact repair in 48 of 53 shoulders (91%). The overall median WORC score was 95.7 (range 27.6-100.0). A significant difference in WORC scores were seen between patients with healed repairs 96.7 (range 56.7-100.0) compared with a re-tear 64.6 (27.6-73.8), p < 0.00056., Conclusions: Arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears using a triple-loaded single-row repair augmented with bone marrow vents resulted in a 91% healing rate by MRI and excellent patient reported clinical outcomes comparable to similar reported results in the literature., Level of Evidence: IV.

Limited research exists on the possible association between duration of symptoms and clinical outcomes following hip arthroscopy for labral tears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether duration of symptoms affected clinical and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores following hip arthroscopy for labral tears. From 2008 to 2011, data were collected prospectively on all patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for labral tears. Workers' compensation cases, dysplasia cases and patients with previous ipsilateral hip surgeries were excluded. A total of 738 patients were identified with a minimum of 2-year follow-up, and clinical and PRO data were available for 680 patients. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between duration of symptoms along with other variables and PROs. Overall, patients experienced significant improvements in all clinical and PRO scores. Results of univariate analysis revealed that all PROs were negatively associated with increasing Log 10 months of symptoms as were pain and satisfaction scores. During multivariate analyses, increasing Log 10 months of symptoms, age, body mass index and trauma were all negatively associated with PROs ( P  < 0.05). Our study demonstrates that clinical and PRO scores were negatively associated with increasing duration of symptoms prior to hip arthroscopy for treatment of labral tears. Although this implies that delay in treatment may adversely affect outcome, conservative treatment remains the gold standard first line of treatment. Surgeons should incorporate this information into their treatment algorithm to maximize patient outcomes following treatment for labral tears. Level of evidence : Level IV, prospective case series.

We conducted a study to evaluate in vivo tension applied to the rotator cuff tendon positioned at the medial versus lateral footprint during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. We evaluated 20 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. During repair, a grasper was inserted through a lateral portal, and a digital weigh scale was attached. The tendon was grasped and translated to the medial footprint, and tension recorded. After a relaxation period, the tendon edge was translated to the lateral footprint, and tension recorded. Mean (SD) tension was 0.41 (0.33) pound when tendons were positioned at the medial footprint and 2.21 (1.20) pounds when they were positioned at the lateral footprint, representing a 5.4-fold difference (P < .0001). For smaller tears (≤ 20 mm anterior-posterior), 7.6 times less tension was applied to the tendons when pulled to the medial versus lateral footprint. For larger tears, 4.1 times less tension was applied to the tendons when pulled to the medial versus lateral footprint. This study demonstrated a significant, 5.4-fold increase in tension when the tendon edge was reduced to the lateral as opposed to the medial footprint in vivo.

Background: The modified Broström procedure has been successful for most patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI); however, a subset of patients has had unsatisfactory outcomes. For those at risk of failure, anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using a semitendinosus allograft to augment the modified Broström procedure is available., Purpose: To report the results of anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle with a semitendinosus allograft for the treatment of CLAI., Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4., Methods: This is a retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience from 2003 to 2011 in performing anatomic lateral ankle ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus allograft for the treatment of CLAI. Of 38 patients (40 ankles), 31 (33 ankles; 82% of patients) returned for final follow-up and constituted the study group. Preoperatively, all patients completed the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Score (AHS) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and underwent plain and stress talar tilt radiographs. At the most recent follow-up, patients were evaluated by an independent surgeon and completed the postoperative AHS, Foot-Function Index (FFI), VAS for pain, Tegner activity score, and a satisfaction survey. Patients were evaluated with plain and stress talar tilt and anterior drawer radiographs., Results: At a mean follow-up of 38 ± 30 months (range, 24-107 months), 100% of patients were completely satisfied with the procedure. AHS values significantly improved from a mean of 60.3 ± 14.4 to 87.5 ± 9.3 (P < .0001). VAS pain scores significantly decreased from 7.3 ± 1.3 to 1.9 ± 1.8 (P < .0001). Twenty-two of 31 patients (71%) either returned to or were 1 level below their previous preoperative or preinjury Tegner activity level. No patients developed arthritic changes beyond grade I on plain radiographs. On stress radiographs, the mean talar tilt decreased from 14.3° ± 5.4° to 3.1° ± 2.4°. The mean postoperative anterior tibiotalar translation was 1.8 ± 1.1 mm, with no patients having greater than 5 mm of translation., Conclusion: Anatomic lateral ankle ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus allograft for the treatment of CLAI leads to high patient satisfaction, decreased pain, a stable ankle without arthritic changes, and significantly improved function., (© 2015 The Author(s).)

A variety of complications, including iatrogenic anterior hip instability, have been reported after hip arthroscopy. We present a case of a patient sustaining a postoperative anterior hip dislocation after cam resection for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. Our patient developed persistent instability and required anterior capsuloligamentous reconstruction with iliotibial autograft. We present a comprehensive review of the literature on postoperative hip instability after hip arthroscopy, including the role of capsulotomy closure, and use of postoperative orthotics and weight-bearing restrictions.

One specimen from each of six pairs of cadaveric shoulders underwent a semitendinosus coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with a hook plate used for acromioclavicular joint reduction, while on the other specimen a polydioxanone (PDS) suture braid was utilized. Cyclical loading followed by maximal load-to-failure testing was performed. Displacement during cyclical loading, loads to 50% and 100% displacement, stiffness, and maximal load to failure were determined for all specimens. Results showed that the locking hook plate allowed significantly less displacement of the coracoclavicular interval during cyclical loading (3.41 vs. 9.67 mm, p = .0081) and withstood significantly higher loads before both 50% (225.5 vs. 107.7 N, p = .0197) and 100% displacement (410.6 vs. 240.1 N, p = .0077). The locking hook plate was found to be significantly stiffer than the PDS suture braid (28.2 vs. 18.4 N/mm, p = .0029), but there was no difference in maximal load to failure between the two fixation methods (hook plate, 434.4 N; PDS, 476.7 N; p = .76).

Purpose: (1) Describe a previously unreported finding involving the intra-articular portion of the subscapularis, the Conrad lesion. (2) Describe a novel classification system for the spectrum of non-insertional tendinopathy of the subscapularis. (3) Report the outcomes of surgical treatment of this spectrum of pathology., Materials and Methods: Outcomes of 34 patients (23 males and 11 females, mean age 60.5 ± 7.5) with non-insertional tendinopathy of the subscapularis treated arthroscopically were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had anterior shoulder pain with no weakness during belly-press testing and no subscapularis footprint involvement on magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were managed with subscapularis tendon debridement and side-to-side repair along with treatment of concomitant pathology., Results: Seven patients had a Type I lesion (so-called Conrad lesion) - a nodule on the leading edge of the subscapularis. Eighteen patients had a Type II lesion - a visible split tear with degeneration in the upper ½ of the intra-articular tendon. Nine patients had a Type III lesion - more extensive splitting in the tendon with advanced tendon degeneration. At a mean follow-up of 24 months, 97% of patients were completely satisfied. Significant improvements were seen in forward elevation (152 ± 12° to 172 ± 5°, P < 0.001) and visual analog scale pain scores (5.9 ± 1.7-0.6 ± 1.0, P < 0.001). Internal rotation strength and external rotation motion at the side were maintained. ASES scores averaged 95.4 ± 7.4, disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand scores averaged 6.19 ± 9.8, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff scores averaged 91.7 ± 9.3 and the average University of California at Los Angeles score was 33.1 ± 2.4., Conclusions: We present a previously unreported finding of the subscapularis, the Conrad lesion, along with a novel classification system for non-insertional tendinopathy of the subscapularis. Arthroscopic treatment of this spectrum of tendinopathy along with concomitant shoulder pathology eliminated pain and improved patient outcomes without detrimental effects., Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series.

With the significant increase in use of the arthroscope around the hip have come several less invasive techniques to manage pathologies around this joint. This technical note with a video details one such technique that allows for the endoscopic management of proximal hamstring tears and chronic ischial bursitis, which until now have been managed exclusively with much larger open approaches. This procedure allows for complete exposure of the posterior aspect of the hip in a safe, minimally invasive fashion.