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1,002 results on '"Diel, P"'

1. Isospin breaking in the $^{71}$Kr and $^{71}$Br mirror system

Author

Algora, A., Vitéz-Sveiczer, A., Poves, A., Kiss, G. G., Rubio, B., de Angelis, G., Recchia, F., Nishimura, S., Rodriguez, T., Sarriguren, P., Agramunt, J., Guadilla, V., Montaner-Pizá, A., Morales, A. I., Orrigo, S. E. A., Napoli, D., Lenzi, S. M., Boso, A., Phong, V. H., Wu, J., Söderström, P. -A., Sumikama, T., Suzuki, H., Takeda, H., Ahn, D. S., Baba, H., Doornenbal, P., Fukuda, N., Inabe, N., Isobe, T., Kubo, T., Kubono, S., Sakurai, H., Shimizu, Y., Chen, S., Blank, B., Ascher, P., Gerbaux, M., Goigoux, T., Giovinazzo, J., Grévy, S., Nieto, T. Kurtukián, Magron, C., Gelletly, W., Dombrádi, Zs., Fujita, Y., Tanaka, M., Aguilera, P., Molina, F., Eberth, J., Diel, F., Lubos, D., Borcea, C., Ganioglu, E., Nishimura, D., Oikawa, H., Takei, Y., Yagi, S., Korten, W., de France, G., Davies, P., Liu, J., Lee, J., Lokotko, T., Kojouharov, I., Kurz, N., Schaffner, H., and Kruppa, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Isospin symmetry is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics. Even though isospin symmetry is partially broken, it holds approximately for most nuclear systems, which makes exceptions very interesting from the nuclear structure perspective. In this framework, it is expected that the spins and parities of the ground states of mirror nuclei should be the same, in particular for the simplest systems where a proton is exchanged with a neutron or vice versa. In this work, we present evidence that this assumption is broken in the mirror pair $^{71}$Br and $^{71}$Kr system. Our conclusions are based on a high-statistics $\beta$ decay study of $^{71}$Kr and on state-of-the-art shell model calculations. In our work, we also found evidence of a new state in $^{70}$Se, populated in the $\beta$-delayed proton emission process which can be interpreted as the long sought coexisting 0$^+$ state., Comment: 8 pages with references, 3 figures. Supplemental material 4 pages (1 table, 3 figures)

Published
2024

2. H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b dynamics in experimentally infected calves and cows

Author

Halwe, Nico Joel, Cool, Konner, Breithaupt, Angele, Schön, Jacob, Trujillo, Jessie D., Nooruzzaman, Mohammed, Kwon, Taeyong, Ahrens, Ann Kathrin, Britzke, Tobias, McDowell, Chester D., Piesche, Ronja, Singh, Gagandeep, Pinho dos Reis, Vinicius, Kafle, Sujan, Pohlmann, Anne, Gaudreault, Natasha N., Corleis, Björn, Ferreyra, Franco Matias, Carossino, Mariano, Balasuriya, Udeni B. R., Hensley, Lisa, Morozov, Igor, Covaleda, Lina M., Diel, Diego G., Ulrich, Lorenz, Hoffmann, Donata, Beer, Martin, and Richt, Juergen A.

Published
2025
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4. Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle

Author

Caserta, Leonardo C., Frye, Elisha A., Butt, Salman L., Laverack, Melissa, Nooruzzaman, Mohammed, Covaleda, Lina M., Thompson, Alexis C., Koscielny, Melanie Prarat, Cronk, Brittany, Johnson, Ashley, Kleinhenz, Katie, Edwards, Erin E., Gomez, Gabriel, Hitchener, Gavin, Martins, Mathias, Kapczynski, Darrell R., Suarez, David L., Alexander Morris, Ellen Ruth, Hensley, Terry, Beeby, John S., Lejeune, Manigandan, Swinford, Amy K., Elvinger, François, Dimitrov, Kiril M., and Diel, Diego G.

Published
2024
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9. The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate change-related data collected from 63 countries

Author

Doell, Kimberly C., Todorova, Boryana, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Bak Coleman, Joseph B., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Schumann, Philipp, Azevedo, Flavio, Patel, Yash, Berkebile-Wineberg, Michael M., Brick, Cameron, Lange, Florian, Grayson, Samantha J., Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Lamm, Claus, Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara M., Rathje, Steve, Goldwert, Danielle, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Buchel, Ondrej, Buonauro, Daniel, Butalia, Radhika, Carvacho, Héctor, Chamberlain, Sarah A. E., Chan, Hang-Yee, Chow, Dawn, Chung, Dongil, Cian, Luca, Cohen-Eick, Noa, Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian, Contu, Davide, Cristea, Vladimir, Cutler, Jo, D’Ottone, Silvana, De keersmaecker, Jonas, Delcourt, Sarah, Delouvée, Sylvain, Diel, Kathi, Douglas, Benjamin D., Drupp, Moritz A., Dubey, Shreya, Ekmanis, Jānis, Elbaek, Christian T., Elsherif, Mahmoud, Engelhard, Iris M., Escher, Yannik A., Etienne, Tom W., Farage, Laura, Farias, Ana Rita, Feuerriegel, Stefan, Findor, Andrej, Freira, Lucia, Friese, Malte, Gains, Neil Philip, Gallyamova, Albina, Geiger, Sandra J., Genschow, Oliver, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Goldberg, Beth, Goldenberg, Amit, Gradidge, Sarah, Grassini, Simone, Gray, Kurt, Grelle, Sonja, Griffin, Siobhán M., Grigoryan, Lusine, Grigoryan, Ani, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Gruber, June, Guilaran, Johnrev, Hadar, Britt, Hahnel, Ulf J. J., Halperin, Eran, Harvey, Annelie J., Haugestad, Christian A. P., Herman, Aleksandra M., Hershfield, Hal E., Himichi, Toshiyuki, Hine, Donald W., Hofmann, Wilhelm, Howe, Lauren, Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T., Huang, Guanxiong, Ishii, Tatsunori, Ito, Ayahito, Jia, Fanli, Jost, John T., Jovanović, Veljko, Jurgiel, Dominika, Kácha, Ondřej, Kankaanpää, Reeta, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Mintz, Keren Kaplan, Kaya, Ilker, Kaya, Ozgur, Khachatryan, Narine, Klas, Anna, Klein, Colin, Klöckner, Christian A., Koppel, Lina, Kosachenko, Alexandra I., Kothe, Emily J., Krebs, Ruth, Krosch, Amy R., Krouwel, Andre P. M., Kyrychenko, Yara, Lagomarsino, Maria, Cunningham, Julia Lee, Lees, Jeffrey, Leung, Tak Yan, Levy, Neil, Lockwood, Patricia L., Longoni, Chiara, Ortega, Alberto López, Loschelder, David D., Lu, Jackson G., Luo, Yu, Luomba, Joseph, Lutz, Annika E., Majer, Johann M., Markowitz, Ezra, Marsh, Abigail A., Mascarenhas, Karen Louise, Mbilingi, Bwambale, Mbungu, Winfred, McHugh, Cillian, Meijers, Marijn H. C., Mercier, Hugo, Mhagama, Fenant Laurent, Michalaki, Katerina, Mikus, Nace, Milliron, Sarah G., Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monge-Rodríguez, Fredy S., Mora, Youri L., Morais, Michael J., Moreau, David, Motoki, Kosuke, Moyano, Manuel, Mus, Mathilde, Navajas, Joaquin, Nguyen, Tam Luong, Nguyen, Dung Minh, Nguyen, Trieu, Niemi, Laura, Nijssen, Sari R. R., Nilsonne, Gustav, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nockur, Laila, Okura, Ritah, Öner, Sezin, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Palumbo, Helena, Panagopoulos, Costas, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlov, Yuri G., Payán-Gómez, César, Pearson, Adam R., da Costa, Leonor Pereira, Petrowsky, Hannes M., Pfattheicher, Stefan, Pham, Nhat Tan, Ponizovskiy, Vladimir, Pretus, Clara, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Reimann, Ritsaart, Rhoads, Shawn A., Riano-Moreno, Julian, Richter, Isabell, Röer, Jan Philipp, Rosa-Sullivan, Jahred, Ross, Robert M., Sabherwal, Anandita, Saito, Toshiki, Sarrasin, Oriane, Say, Nicolas, Schmid, Katharina, Schmitt, Michael T., Schoenegger, Philipp, Scholz, Christin, Schug, Mariah G., Schulreich, Stefan, Shreedhar, Ganga, Shuman, Eric, Sivan, Smadar, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Soliman, Meikel, Soud, Katia, Spampatti, Tobia, Sparkman, Gregg, Spasovski, Ognen, Stanley, Samantha K., Stern, Jessica A., Strahm, Noel, Suko, Yasushi, Sul, Sunhae, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Taylor, Neil C., Tedaldi, Elisa, Tinghög, Gustav, Huynh, Luu Duc Toan, Travaglino, Giovanni Antonio, Tsakiris, Manos, Tüter, İlayda, Tyrala, Michael, Uluğ, Özden Melis, Urbanek, Arkadiusz, Valko, Danila, van der Linden, Sander, van Schie, Kevin, van Stekelenburg, Aart, Vanags, Edmunds, Västfjäll, Daniel, Vesely, Stepan, Vintr, Jáchym, Vranka, Marek, Wanguche, Patrick Otuo, Willer, Robb, Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, Xu, Rachel, Yadav, Anjali, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zhao, Xian, Zhao, Jiaying, Żuk, Dawid, and Van Bavel, Jay J.

Published
2024
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10. Emergence of transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants with decreased sensitivity to antivirals in immunocompromised patients with persistent infections

Author

Nooruzzaman, Mohammed, Johnson, Katherine E. E., Rani, Ruchi, Finkelsztein, Eli J., Caserta, Leonardo C., Kodiyanplakkal, Rosy P., Wang, Wei, Hsu, Jingmei, Salpietro, Maria T., Banakis, Stephanie, Albert, Joshua, Westblade, Lars F., Zanettini, Claudio, Marchionni, Luigi, Soave, Rosemary, Ghedin, Elodie, Diel, Diego G., and Salvatore, Mirella

Published
2024
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16. Controversy on health-based guidance values for bisphenol A—the need of criteria for studies that serve as a basis for risk assessment

Author

Leist, Marcel, Buettner, Andrea, Diel, Patrick, Eisenbrand, Gerhard, Epe, Bernd, Först, Petra, Grune, Tilman, Haller, Dirk, Heinz, Volker, Hellwig, Michael, Humpf, Hans-Ulrich, Jäger, Henry, Kulling, Sabine E., Mally, Angela, Marko, Doris, Nöthlings, Ute, Röhrdanz, Elke, Spranger, Joachim, Vieths, Stefan, Wätjen, Wim, and Hengstler, Jan G.

Published
2024
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18. Commentary of the SKLM to the EFSA opinion on risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food

Author

Eisenbrand, Gerhard, Buettner, Andrea, Diel, Patrick, Epe, Bernd, Först, Petra, Grune, Tillman, Haller, Dirk, Heinz, Volker, Hellwig, Michael, Humpf, Hans-Ulrich, Jäger, Henry, Kulling, Sabine, Lampen, Alfonso, Leist, Marcel, Mally, Angela, Marko, Doris, Nöthlings, Ute, Röhrdanz, Elke, Spranger, Joachim, Steinberg, Pablo, Vieths, Stefan, Wätjen, Wim, and Hengstler, Jan G.

Published
2024
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21. Evolutionary trajectories of small cell lung cancer under therapy

Author

George, Julie, Maas, Lukas, Abedpour, Nima, Cartolano, Maria, Kaiser, Laura, Fischer, Rieke N., Scheel, Andreas H., Weber, Jan-Philipp, Hellmich, Martin, Bosco, Graziella, Volz, Caroline, Mueller, Christian, Dahmen, Ilona, John, Felix, Alves, Cleidson Padua, Werr, Lisa, Panse, Jens Peter, Kirschner, Martin, Engel-Riedel, Walburga, Jürgens, Jessica, Stoelben, Erich, Brockmann, Michael, Grau, Stefan, Sebastian, Martin, Stratmann, Jan A., Kern, Jens, Hummel, Horst-Dieter, Hegedüs, Balazs, Schuler, Martin, Plönes, Till, Aigner, Clemens, Elter, Thomas, Toepelt, Karin, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Kurz, Sylke, Grohé, Christian, Serke, Monika, Höpker, Katja, Hagmeyer, Lars, Doerr, Fabian, Hekmath, Khosro, Strapatsas, Judith, Kambartel, Karl-Otto, Chakupurakal, Geothy, Busch, Annette, Bauernfeind, Franz-Georg, Griesinger, Frank, Luers, Anne, Dirks, Wiebke, Wiewrodt, Rainer, Luecke, Andrea, Rodermann, Ernst, Diel, Andreas, Hagen, Volker, Severin, Kai, Ullrich, Roland T., Reinhardt, Hans Christian, Quaas, Alexander, Bogus, Magdalena, Courts, Cornelius, Nürnberg, Peter, Becker, Kerstin, Achter, Viktor, Büttner, Reinhard, Wolf, Jürgen, Peifer, Martin, and Thomas, Roman K.

Published
2024
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22. Evolution of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance in the Ca isotope chain

Author

Olorunfunmi, S. D., Neveling, R., Carter, J., von Neumann-Cosel, P., Usman, I. T., Adsley, P., Bahini, A., Baloyi, L. P. L., Brümmer, J. W., Donaldson, L. M., Jivan, H., Kheswa, N. Y., Li, K. C. W., Marín-Lámbarri, D. J., Molema, P. T., Moodley, C. S., O'Neill, G. G., Papka, P., Pellegri, L., Pesudo, V., Sideras-Haddad, E., Smit, F. D., Steyn, G. F., Aava, A. A., Diel, F., Dunkel, F., Jones, P., and Karayonchev, V.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Two recent studies of the evolution of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) within the calcium isotope chain report conflicting results. One study suggests that the monopole resonance energy, and thus the incompressibility of the nucleus $K_{A}$ increase with mass, which implies that $K_{\tau}$, the asymmetry term in the nuclear incompressibility, has a positive value. The other study reports a weak decreasing trend of the energy moments, resulting in a generally accepted negative value for $K_{\tau}$. An independent measurement of the central region of the ISGMR in the Ca isotope chain is provided to gain a better understanding of the origin of possible systematic trends. Inelastically scattered $\alpha$ particles from a range of calcium targets ($\mathrm{^{40,42,44,48}Ca}$), observed at small scattering angles including 0$^\circ$, were momentum analyzed in the K600 magnetic spectrometer at iThemba LABS, South Africa. Monopole strengths spanning an excitation-energy range between 9.5 and 25.5 MeV were obtained using the difference-of-spectra (DoS) technique. The structure of the $E0$ strength distributions of $^{40,42,44}$Ca agrees well with the results from the previous measurement that supports a weak decreasing trend of the energy moments, while no two datasets agree in the case of $^{48}$Ca. Despite the variation in the structural character of $E0$ strength distribution from different studies, we find for all datasets that the moment ratios, calculated from the ISGMR strength in the excitation-energy range that defines the main resonance region, display at best only a weak systematic sensitivity to a mass increase. Different trends observed in the nuclear incompressibility are caused by contributions to the $E0$ strength outside of the main resonance region, and in particular for high excitation energies., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Physical Review C

Published
2022
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24. Basic concepts of mixture toxicity and relevance for risk evaluation and regulation

Author

Bloch, Denise, Diel, Patrick, Epe, Bernd, Hellwig, Michael, Lampen, Alfonso, Mally, Angela, Marko, Doris, Villar Fernández, María A., Guth, Sabine, Roth, Angelika, Marchan, Rosemarie, Ghallab, Ahmed, Cadenas, Cristina, Nell, Patrick, Vartak, Nachiket, van Thriel, Christoph, Luch, Andreas, Schmeisser, Sebastian, Herzler, Matthias, Landsiedel, Robert, Leist, Marcel, Marx-Stoelting, Philip, Tralau, Tewes, and Hengstler, Jan G.

Published
2023
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25. Correction: Commentary of the SKLM to the EFSA opinion on risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food

Author

Eisenbrand, Gerhard, Buettner, Andrea, Diel, Patrick, Epe, Bernd, Först, Petra, Grune, Tilman, Haller, Dirk, Heinz, Volker, Hellwig, Michael, Humpf, Hans-Ulrich, Jäger, Henry, Kulling, Sabine, Lampen, Alfonso, Leist, Marcel, Mally, Angela, Marko, Doris, Nöthlings, Ute, Röhrdanz, Elke, Spranger, Joachim, Steinberg, Pablo, Vieths, Stefan, Wätjen, Wim, and Hengstler, Jan G.

Published
2024
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26. Estimation of the covariate conditional tail expectation : a depth-based level set approach

Author

Elisabeth, Armaut, Roland, Diel, and Thomas, Laloë

Subjects
Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of a particular multivariate risk measure, the Covariate-Conditional-Tail-Expectation (CCTE), based on a multivariate statistical depth function. Depth functions have become increasingly powerful tools in nonparametric inference for multivariate data, as they measure a degree of centrality of a point with respect to a distribution. A multivariate risks scenario is then represented by a depth-based lower level set of the risk factors, meaning that we consider a non-compact setting. More precisely, given a multivariate depth function D associated to a fixed probability measure, we are interested in the lower level set based on D. First, we present a plug-in approach in order to estimate the depth-based level set. In a second part, we provide a consistent estimator of our CCTE for a general depth function with a rate of convergence, and we consider the particular case of the Mahalanobis depth. A simulation study complements the performances of our estimator.

Published
2021

27. OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support

Author

Moore, Josh, Basurto-Lozada, Daniela, Besson, Sébastien, Bogovic, John, Bragantini, Jordão, Brown, Eva M., Burel, Jean-Marie, Casas Moreno, Xavier, de Medeiros, Gustavo, Diel, Erin E., Gault, David, Ghosh, Satrajit S., Gold, Ilan, Halchenko, Yaroslav O., Hartley, Matthew, Horsfall, Dave, Keller, Mark S., Kittisopikul, Mark, Kovacs, Gabor, Küpcü Yoldaş, Aybüke, Kyoda, Koji, le Tournoulx de la Villegeorges, Albane, Li, Tong, Liberali, Prisca, Lindner, Dominik, Linkert, Melissa, Lüthi, Joel, Maitin-Shepard, Jeremy, Manz, Trevor, Marconato, Luca, McCormick, Matthew, Lange, Merlin, Mohamed, Khaled, Moore, William, Norlin, Nils, Ouyang, Wei, Özdemir, Bugra, Palla, Giovanni, Pape, Constantin, Pelkmans, Lucas, Pietzsch, Tobias, Preibisch, Stephan, Prete, Martin, Rzepka, Norman, Samee, Sameeul, Schaub, Nicholas, Sidky, Hythem, Solak, Ahmet Can, Stirling, David R., Striebel, Jonathan, Tischer, Christian, Toloudis, Daniel, Virshup, Isaac, Walczysko, Petr, Watson, Alan M., Weisbart, Erin, Wong, Frances, Yamauchi, Kevin A., Bayraktar, Omer, Cimini, Beth A., Gehlenborg, Nils, Haniffa, Muzlifah, Hotaling, Nathan, Onami, Shuichi, Royer, Loic A., Saalfeld, Stephan, Stegle, Oliver, Theis, Fabian J., and Swedlow, Jason R.

Published
2023
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28. Beta decay of the very neutron-deficient $^{60}$Ge and $^{62}$Ge nuclei

Author

Orrigo, S. E. A., Rubio, B., Gelletly, W., Aguilera, P., Algora, A., Morales, A. I., Agramunt, J., Ahn, D. S., Ascher, P., Blank, B., Borcea, C., Boso, A., Cakirli, R. B., Chiba, J., de Angelis, G., de France, G., Diel, F., Doornenbal, P., Fujita, Y., Fukuda, N., Ganioğlu, E., Gerbaux, M., Giovinazzo, J., Go, S., Goigoux, T., Grévy, S., Guadilla, V., Inabe, N., Kiss, G., Kubo, T., Kubono, S., Kurtukian-Nieto, T., Lubos, D., Magron, C., Molina, F., Montaner-Pizá, A., Napoli, D., Nishimura, D., Nishimura, S., Oikawa, H., Shimizu, Y., Sidong, C., Söderström, P. -A., Sumikama, T., Suzuki, H., Takeda, H., Takei, Y., Tanaka, M., Vi, P., Wu, J., and Yagi, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report here the results of a study of the $\beta$ decay of the proton-rich Ge isotopes, $^{60}$Ge and $^{62}$Ge, produced in an experiment at the RIKEN Nishina Center. We have improved our knowledge of the half-lives of $^{62}$Ge (73.5(1) ms), $^{60}$Ge (25.0(3) ms) and its daughter nucleus, $^{60}$Ga (69.4(2) ms). We measured individual $\beta$-delayed proton and $\gamma$ emissions and their related branching ratios. Decay schemes and absolute Fermi and Gamow-Teller transition strengths have been determined. The mass excesses of the nuclei under study have been deduced. A total $\beta$-delayed proton-emission branching ratio of 67(3)% has been obtained for $^{60}$Ge. New information has been obtained on the energy levels populated in $^{60}$Ga and on the 1/2$^-$ excited state in the $\beta p$ daughter $^{59}$Zn. We extracted a ground state to ground state feeding of 85.3(3)% for the decay of $^{62}$Ge. Eight new $\gamma$ lines have been added to the de-excitation of levels populated in the $^{62}$Ga daughter., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables. Physical Review C 103, 014324 (2021)

Published
2020
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29. On the largest component of subcritical random hyperbolic graphs

Author

Mitsche, Dieter and Diel, Roland

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

We consider the random hyperbolic graph model introduced by [KPK + 10] and then formalized by [GPP12]. We show that, in the subcritical case $\alpha$ > 1, the size of the largest component is n^{1/(2$\alpha$)+o(1)} , thus strengthening a result of [BFM15] which gave only an upper bound of n^{1/$\alpha$+o(1)}.

Published
2020

36. Acute Effects of Single Versus Combined Inhaled β2-Agonists Salbutamol and Formoterol on Time Trial Performance, Lung Function, Metabolic and Endocrine Variables

Author

Bizjak, Daniel A., Nussbaumer, Dorle, Winkert, Kay, Treff, Gunnar, Takabajashi, Kensuke, Mentz, Lennart, Schober, Franziska, Buhl, Jasmine-Lèonike, John, Lucas, Dreyhaupt, Jens, Steeb, Luise, Harps, Lukas C., Parr, Maria K., Diel, Patrick, Zügel, Martina, and Steinacker, Jürgen M.

Published
2023
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38. A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect

Author

Vohs, Kathleen D, Schmeichel, Brandon J, Lohmann, Sophie, Gronau, Quentin F, Finley, Anna J, Ainsworth, Sarah E, Alquist, Jessica L, Baker, Michael D, Brizi, Ambra, Bunyi, Angelica, Butschek, Grant J, Campbell, Collier, Capaldi, Jonathan, Cau, Chuting, Chambers, Heather, Chatzisarantis, Nikos LD, Christensen, Weston J, Clay, Samuel L, Curtis, Jessica, De Cristofaro, Valeria, del Rosario, Kareena, Diel, Katharina, Doğruol, Yasemin, Doi, Megan, Donaldson, Tina L, Eder, Andreas B, Ersoff, Mia, Eyink, Julie R, Falkenstein, Angelica, Fennis, Bob M, Findley, Matthew B, Finkel, Eli J, Forgea, Victoria, Friese, Malte, Fuglestad, Paul, Garcia-Willingham, Natasha E, Geraedts, Lea F, Gervais, Will M, Giacomantonio, Mauro, Gibson, Bryan, Gieseler, Karolin, Gineikiene, Justina, Gloger, Elana M, Gobes, Carina M, Grande, Maria, Hagger, Martin S, Hartsell, Bethany, Hermann, Anthony D, Hidding, Jasper J, Hirt, Edward R, Hodge, Josh, Hofmann, Wilhelm, Howell, Jennifer L, Hutton, Robert D, Inzlicht, Michael, James, Lily, Johnson, Emily, Johnson, Hannah L, Joyce, Sarah M, Joye, Yannick, Kaben, Jan Helge, Kammrath, Lara K, Kelly, Caitlin N, Kissell, Brian L, Koole, Sander L, Krishna, Anand, Lam, Christine, Lee, Kelemen T, Lee, Nick, Leighton, Dana C, Loschelder, David D, Maranges, Heather M, Masicampo, EJ, Mazara, Kennedy, McCarthy, Samantha, McGregor, Ian, Mead, Nicole L, Mendes, Wendy B, Meslot, Carine, Michalak, Nicholas M, Milyavskaya, Marina, Miyake, Akira, Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad, Muraven, Mark, Nakahara, Erin, Patel, Krishna, Petrocelli, John V, Pollak, Katja M, Price, Mindi M, Ramsey, Haley J, Rath, Maximilian, Robertson, Jacob A, Rockwell, Rachael, Russ, Isabella F, Salvati, Marco, Saunders, Blair, Scherer, Anne, Schütz, Astrid, Schmitt, Kristin N, and Segerstrom, Suzanne C

Subjects
Bayes Theorem, Ego, Humans, Research Design, Self-Control, ego depletion, self-control, registered replication, open data, open materials, preregistered, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract

We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.

Published
2021

39. Unique variants in CLCN3, encoding an endosomal anion/proton exchanger, underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Duncan, Anna R, Polovitskaya, Maya M, Gaitán-Peñas, Héctor, Bertelli, Sara, VanNoy, Grace E, Grant, Patricia E, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Valivullah, Zaheer, Lovgren, Alysia Kern, England, Elaina M, Agolini, Emanuele, Madden, Jill A, Schmitz-Abe, Klaus, Kritzer, Amy, Hawley, Pamela, Novelli, Antonio, Alfieri, Paolo, Colafati, Giovanna Stefania, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Platzer, Konrad, Luppe, Johannes, Koch-Hogrebe, Margarete, Jamra, Rami Abou, Neira-Fresneda, Juanita, Lehman, Anna, Boerkoel, Cornelius F, Seath, Kimberly, Clarke, Lorne, Study, CAUSES, van Ierland, Yvette, Argilli, Emanuela, Sherr, Elliott H, Maiorana, Andrea, Diel, Thilo, Hempel, Maja, Bierhals, Tatjana, Estévez, Raúl, Jentsch, Thomas J, Pusch, Michael, and Agrawal, Pankaj B

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Pediatric, Mental Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Adolescent, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Chloride Channels, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Homozygote, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Ion Channels, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mutation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Phenotype, CAUSES Study, CLCN, acidification, gain of function, hippocampus, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental delay, pH sensitivity, voltage gated chloride channel, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

The genetic causes of global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) are diverse and include variants in numerous ion channels and transporters. Loss-of-function variants in all five endosomal/lysosomal members of the CLC family of Cl- channels and Cl-/H+ exchangers lead to pathology in mice, humans, or both. We have identified nine variants in CLCN3, the gene encoding CIC-3, in 11 individuals with GDD/ID and neurodevelopmental disorders of varying severity. In addition to a homozygous frameshift variant in two siblings, we identified eight different heterozygous de novo missense variants. All have GDD/ID, mood or behavioral disorders, and dysmorphic features; 9/11 have structural brain abnormalities; and 6/11 have seizures. The homozygous variants are predicted to cause loss of ClC-3 function, resulting in severe neurological disease similar to the phenotype observed in Clcn3-/- mice. Their MRIs show possible neurodegeneration with thin corpora callosa and decreased white matter volumes. Individuals with heterozygous variants had a range of neurodevelopmental anomalies including agenesis of the corpus callosum, pons hypoplasia, and increased gyral folding. To characterize the altered function of the exchanger, electrophysiological analyses were performed in Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells. Two variants, p.Ile607Thr and p.Thr570Ile, had increased currents at negative cytoplasmic voltages and loss of inhibition by luminal acidic pH. In contrast, two other variants showed no significant difference in the current properties. Overall, our work establishes a role for CLCN3 in human neurodevelopment and shows that both homozygous loss of ClC-3 and heterozygous variants can lead to GDD/ID and neuroanatomical abnormalities.

Published
2021

41. Innovation in Evaluation and Accountability Systems Aligned with Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Author

Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE), Robert Meyer, Tracy Diel, Rinor Jahiu, and Hayley Tymeson

Abstract

Background: This paper considers a new policy and statistical framework for evaluating K-12 schools and policies that aligns with diversity, equity, and inclusion values. The new approach broadens the standard approach to accountability and evaluation by combining features of evaluation and multi-level growth models with approaches used in systems of early warning, college/career/workforce readiness, and predictive analytics. A hallmark of these latter systems is that they focus on student outcomes beyond student test scores, including student attendance and suspensions, enrollment in challenging courses, grades, and high school and college graduation. We expand the focus to outcomes such as participation in English language learner (ELL) and other programs. The expanded focus on a broader set of student outcomes supports a DEI focus by providing a more complete portrait of the malleable factors that affect students with very different demographic backgrounds. An important feature of the new framework is that by focusing on post high school college and career outcomes, the framework connects K-12 outcomes to the long-term outcomes that students, parents, and educators value. Research Questions: (RQ1) How is it possible to connect K-12 outcomes at the elementary, middle, and high school grades with medium and long-term outcomes that range from reading proficiency in 3rd grade to post high school outcomes such as college graduation? (RQ2) How is it possible to incorporate extensive K-12 data in each grade into models of high school and post high school outcomes to promote statistical precision, transparency, and feasibility? (RQ3) What are the appropriate statistical tools to highlight the DEI dimensions of K-12 student and school-level outcomes? Setting and Participants: The paper addresses key policy and statistical issues and progress in developing and implementing a DEI-aligned evaluation and accountability system in collaboration with four large, but diverse, school districts. Two of the districts are especially interested in extending these systems to incorporate Pre-K-3 data, which has less commonly been included in these systems, given the bias toward federally required assessments in grades 3-8. The other two districts are especially interested connecting middle and high school outcomes and experiences to post high school outcomes. Research Design: A key objective of the research is to calibrate model parameters that connect K-12 outcomes with long-term outcomes. These calibrated coefficients can then be used to evaluate college and career readiness of middle and high school students while the students are still enrolled in school, rather than waiting until these long-term outcomes are observed. To address RQ1, it is necessary to connect K-12 outcomes with long-term outcomes, time spans that in some cases are exceptionally long. The simplest strategy is to use long-span longitudinal panels to connect, for example, 8th grade outcomes with college graduation, a period that covers 11 years of data. This is generally not the preferred approach, however, because longitudinal data is often not available for that length of time and calibrated parameter estimates based on long-span data reflect school policies and contextual factors (such as the COVID pandemic) that likely fail to capture the up-to-date relationships between the outcomes. Our preferred approach is to estimate separate short and medium-span models and chain link them together to produce calibrated coefficients that reflect more up-to-date relationships between the variables. Our research addresses the econometric conditions that must be satisfied to validly implement this approach. A key condition is that the short and medium-span models must be connected using very strong variables. The connecting variables must be strong outcomes in the first model and strong predictors in the second model. We have demonstrated that data measured in the first year after nominal high school graduation satisfies this requirement. To address RQ2, we consider options for creating variables that efficiently and transparently incorporate: (a) potentially large amounts of information and (b) information that may not be available for all students. The first task is especially necessary for models based on high school transcript data where, in principle, student differences in measures and outcomes in all four grades could be salient. We consider alternative data reduction approaches to create parsimonious measures that focus on four major dimensions: attendance and suspensions, course taking, test scores, and grades. To address the second task, we employ multiple imputation to address missing data. This approach is especially valuable in K-3 models where different schools and types of students vary in their use and coverage of different data elements. To address RQ3, we expand the standard multilevel modelling approach to estimate nonlinear models that allow for flexible modelling of within and between school effects of different demographic variables. This approach allows us to assess the degree to which outcomes such as enrollment in Algebra differ due to between-school differences in poverty, within-school differences in poverty, or both. We find, for example, that differences in Algebra enrollment in one of our districts is strongly related to both student poverty and school-level poverty. This framework allows for a more detailed and nuanced measures of the efficacy of schools and policies. Data sources: The study uses student and school-level data on all students from all four districts included in the research. As discussed above, the study utilizes an extensive battery of data, including K-12 and post high school data. The latter data were obtained from the National Student Clearinghouse. In all districts, data is available from school years 2016-17 to 2022-23 (the latter available this Summer) and thus reflects student growth during three periods: pre-COVID, peak-COVID, and "post" COVID recovery. Findings and Conclusions: We have developed and demonstrated options for building a new policy and statistical framework for evaluating K-12 schools and policies that aligns with diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) values. To do so, we have addressed the three research questions considered above. The new framework incorporates a much richer set of variables than typically considered in evaluations and accountability systems and provides tools for considering the DEI dimensions of these systems.

Published
2023

43. Stellungnahme zu Acetaldehyd als Aromastoff: Aspekte der Risikobewertung

Author

Hengstler, Jan G., Baum, Matthias, Cartus, Alexander T., Diel, Patrick, Eisenbrand, Gerhard, Engel, Karl-Heinz, Engeli, Barbara, Epe, Bernd, Grune, Tilman, Guth, Sabine, Haller, Dirk, Heinz, Volker, Hellwig, Michael, Henle, Thomas, Humpf, Hans-Ulrich, Jäger, Henry, Joost, Hans-Georg, Kulling, Sabine E., Lachenmeier, Dirk W., Lampen, Alfonso, Leist, Marcel, Mally, Angela, Marko, Doris, Nöthlings, Ute, Röhrdanz, Elke, Roth, Angelika, Spranger, Joachim, Stadler, Richard, Steinberg, Pablo, Vieths, Stefan, and Wätjen, Wim

Published
2022
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45. The heavy range of randomly biased walks on trees

Author

Andreoletti, Pierre and Diel, Roland

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

We focus on recurrent random walks in random environment (RWRE) on Galton-Watson trees. The range of these walks, that is the number of sites visited at some fixed time, has been studied in three different papers [AC18], [AdR17] and [dR16]. Here we study the heavy range: the number of edges visited at least $\alpha$ times for some integer $\alpha$. The asymptotic behavior of this process when $\alpha$ is a power of the number of steps of the walk is given for all the recurrent cases. It turns out that this heavy range plays a crucial role in the rate of convergence of an estimator of the environment from a single trajectory of the RWRE., Comment: 37 pages

Published
2018

47. Salivary nitrate/nitrite and acetaldehyde in humans: potential combination effects in the upper gastrointestinal tract and possible consequences for the in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds—a hypothesis

Author

Eisenbrand, Gerhard, Baum, Matthias, Cartus, Alexander T., Diel, Patrick, Engel, Karl-Heinz, Engeli, Barbara, Epe, Bernd, Grune, Tilman, Guth, Sabine, Haller, Dirk, Heinz, Volker, Hellwig, Michael, Hengstler, Jan G., Henle, Thomas, Humpf, Hans-Ulrich, Jäger, Henry, Joost, Hans-Georg, Kulling, Sabine, Lachenmeier, Dirk W., Lampen, Alfonso, Leist, Marcel, Mally, Angela, Marko, Doris, Nöthlings, Ute, Röhrdanz, Elke, Roth, Angelika, Spranger, Joachim, Stadler, Richard, Vieths, Stefan, Wätjen, Wim, and Steinberg, Pablo

Published
2022
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48. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic

Author

Shapira, Tirosh, Monreal, I. Abrrey, Dion, Sébastien P., Buchholz, David W., Imbiakha, Brian, Olmstead, Andrea D., Jager, Mason, Désilets, Antoine, Gao, Guang, Martins, Mathias, Vandal, Thierry, Thompson, Connor A. H., Chin, Aaleigha, Rees, William D., Steiner, Theodore, Nabi, Ivan Robert, Marsault, Eric, Sahler, Julie, Diel, Diego G., Van de Walle, Gerlinde R., August, Avery, Whittaker, Gary R., Boudreault, Pierre-Luc, Leduc, Richard, Aguilar, Hector C., and Jean, François

Published
2022
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50. Learning the distribution of latent variables in paired comparison models with round-robin scheduling

Author

Diel, Roland, Corff, Sylvain Le, and Lerasle, Matthieu

Subjects
Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

Paired comparison data considered in this paper originate from the comparison of a large number N of individuals in couples. The dataset is a collection of results of contests between two individuals when each of them has faced n opponents, where n is much larger than N. Individual are represented by independent and identically distributed random parameters characterizing their abilities.The paper studies the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters distribution. The analysis relies on the construction of a graphical model encoding conditional dependencies of the observations which are the outcomes of the first n contests each individual is involved in. This graphical model allows to prove geometric loss of memory properties and deduce the asymptotic behavior of the likelihood function. This paper sets the focus on graphical models obtained from round-robin scheduling of these contests.Following a classical construction in learning theory, the asymptotic likelihood is used to measure performance of the maximum likelihood estimator. Risk bounds for this estimator are finally obtained by sub-Gaussian deviation results for Markov chains applied to the graphical model.

Published
2017

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