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Abstract Piper aduncum L., a Brazilian medicinal plant, is known for its bioactive properties, including repellent and insecticidal effects. This study investigated the insecticidal potential of essential oils (EOs) from P. aduncum, collected during the dry and rainy seasons, against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouché, 1835) in egg and adult stages. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus for 2 h. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed via gas chromatography. The findings revealed that dillapiole was the predominant substance in both EOs, accounting for 77.6% (rainy) and 85.5% (dry) of the EOs. These EOs exhibited high efficacy against the parasite C. felis felis, resulting in 100% egg mortality at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and 100% mortality for adult fleas starting from 1,000 μg/mL. Dillapiole standard was also effective but at a relatively high concentration. This finding suggested that EOs from P. aduncum exhibit cytotoxicity against these pests and might hold potential for commercial production, offering practical applications for such bioprospecting. This study uniquely revealed that the EOs from P. aduncum, which is rich in dillapiole, demonstrated pulicidal activity against the parasite C. felis felis, particularly in inhibiting the hatching of the eggs of these parasites.

Amblyomma sculptum (formerly Amblyomma cajennense) ticks have been implicated in the transmission of pathogens that cause diseases in animals and humans. Their wide geographic distribution and high impact on animal health and zoonotic disease transmission highlight the importance of studying and implementing effective control measures to mitigate the risks associated with this tick species. The aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the morphology and the ultrastructure of different types of hemocytes in the hemolymph in engorged A. sculptum females fed on rabbits. The hemolymph samples were collected by perforation of the cuticle in the dorsal region. Hemocyte types, sizes, and differential counts were determined using light microscopy, while ultrastructural analysis of hemocytes was performed using transmission electron microscopy. The average number of total hemocytes in the hemolymph was 1024 ± 597.6 cells µL−1. Five morphologically distinct cell types were identified in A. sculptum females: prohemocytes (6 % ± 8.8), plasmatocytes (10 % ± 7.7), granulocytes (78 % ± 12.2), spherulocytes (5 % ± 4.48), and oenocytoids (1 % ± 1.6). In general, prohemocytes were the smallest hemocytes. The ultrastructural morphology of A. sculptum hemocytes described in the present study agrees with the findings for other hard ticks. This is the first study to investigate ultrastructural characteristics of hemocytes of female A. sculptum ticks.

Abstract Mites of the species Lynxacarus radovskyi, which are commonly found on domestic cats in Brazil, can cause discomfort, itching, and alopecia. The development of new, safer and more effective treatments with a broad spectrum of activity, including the use of isoxazolines, is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of transdermal fluralaner in domestic cats naturally infested with L. radovskyi. Twenty cats were evaluated by trichograms and divided into two groups of 10 animals. The control group was not treated, while the treated group was given a single topical dose of fluralaner, as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The cats were reassessed for the presence of L. radovskyi eggs and mites on days D+7, D+14, D+28, D+42, D+56, D+70, D+84, and D+98. As of D+42, all the animals (100%) tested negative for mites, and remained parasite-free until the end of the study, while the control group tested positive throughout the experiment. It can be concluded that a single dose of fluralaner applied topically was effective in treating cats naturally infested with L. radovskyi.

Abstract The objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence of parasites in feces of cats, compare different coproparasitological techniques for their diagnosis and determine associations with parasitism. The samples were processed using three different coproparasitological techniques: centrifugal flotation in sucrose, centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 and simple sedimentation. The parasitic association between parasitism and variables such as age, sex and fecal consistency was performed using the chi-square test or the G test with a significance level of 5%. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, of which 93 (39.2%) were positive, being Ancylostoma spp. (17.3%), Giardia intestinalis (12.2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8.0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2.1%), Toxocara spp. (1.7%), Dipylidium caninum (1.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (0.8%). In the parasitism association analysis, it was possible to verify a statistical difference in the age category for Cystoisospora spp. (p=0.001) observing a strong relationship between parasitism and young animals, the association with sex proved to be important for P. illiciens (p

There are several methods of laboratory diagnosis of filarids, the most used are the thick smear and the Knott method. Both are quick to perform, have a low cost and allow observing the presence, quantifying and analyzing the morphological characteristics of microfilariae. Knowing the morphological viability of fixed microfilariae is of practical importance, as it allows the transport of samples to a laboratory, facilitates epidemiological studies , and allows the storage of samples for didactic. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological viability of microfilariae fixed in the refrigerated modified knott test using 2% formalin. To perform the modified Knott technique, 10 samples of microfilaremic dogs aged over 6 months were used. To evaluate the morphological viability time of the microfilariae in the modified Knott concentrate, the evaluations were repeated after intervals of 0, 1, 7, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 304 days. In the present study, we did not verify any difference in the morphology of the microfilariae in any of the analyzed intervals from day 0 to 304 days, and it is possible to conclude that the use of 2% formalin in the modified Knott technique allows the microfilariae to be identified in a period of 304 days. days after processing the sample without changes in its morphology.

Nocardiosis is an infection caused by ubiquitous opportunistic bacteria and is rare in felines. In retrospective studies of the infection in the species, pyothorax was found in only about 5% of the cases described, with the most frequent forms being cutaneous and subcutaneous. This report describes Nocardia spp. as an etiologic agent of pyothorax in a feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-positive female cat. A 10-year-old female mixed-breed cat, positive for FeLV, with chronic kidney disease IRIS stage 2, was examined with a severe dyspneic onset, suspected of pleural effusion. It also had skin lesions in the interscapular region. The patient underwent thoracentesis, and a dense, creamy, fetid, and flocculated liquid was collected. Radiography was performed after draining the pleural fluid, which showed images suggestive of atelectasis of the left lung lobes and pneumonia. The collected material was sent for analysis, which found that it was a septic exudate. In addition, it was referred for bacterial culture in a special medium due to suspicion of nocardiosis. Long-term treatment with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid resolved the clinical case.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro insecticidal activity of the essential oil (EO) of P. cablin against immature and adult stages of C. felis. The chemical composition of P. cablin EO was determined by gas chromatography (GC). To evaluate the insecticidal activity, the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of C. felis were exposed to different concentrations of P. cablin EO diluted in acetone and impregnated in filter paper in a concentration range of 25 to 200 μg.cm-2. After exposure, the material was incubated in climatized chambers and mortality assessment was performed after 24 h for the larval and adult stages, 72 h for the egg stage and 15 days for the pupal stage. After GC analysis, the major constituents of the EO of P. cablin were found to be patchoulol (27.4%), α-bulnesene (19.7%) and α-guayene (15.0%). The of mortality percentage was 100% at the concentration of 200 μg.cm-2 for all stages. The LCs50 values were 46.1, 49.2, 60.6 and 62.7 μg.cm-2, respectively for the pupal, egg, larva and adult stages. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the EO of P. cablin contained patchoulol, α-bulnesene, and α-guayene as major constituents and had insecticidal activity against the immature and adult stages of C. felis.

Heartworm (HTW) infection in cats is associated with persistent pulmonary pathology, even when clinical signs are absent. Treatment options for cats are limited once infected, making prevention an important topic for discussion with cat owners. In Brazil, tests to detect feline HTW infections are unavailable, likely leading to an underestimation of its impact on the wellbeing of cats. The present study investigated the seroprevalence of HTW antigen in cats living in an area with high canine HTW prevalence and investigated risk factors and clinical signs associated with HTW disease in cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Clinical examinations were conducted, and serological evaluations performed with a point-of-care test (SNAP® Feline Triple® Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.). A total of 586 cats were examined. The HTW antigen seroprevalence was 1.2%. Heartworm positive results were significantly associated with vomiting and abnormal lung sounds. Results from this study indicate that cats residing in areas of high canine HTW prevalence should have HTW disease as a differential diagnosis when presenting with compatible clinical signs. Veterinarians should prioritize client education and promote regular use of effective prophylaxis to protect feline health.

Abstract The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hemolymph of engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks exposed to the growth regulator fluazuron. Firstly, the engorged females were divided into two groups (control and treated) and these were subjected to an immersion test. Hemolymph was collected 24 and 48 hours after the immersion test, to evaluate the cellular and metabolic response. In comparison with the control group, the treated group had lower total hemocyte counts at both times, with lower granulocyte counts and higher spherulocyte counts. There were reductions in glucose and total protein values in both the control and the treated group at the 48-hour evaluation, compared with the 24-hour evaluation. There were no changes in activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in either group at both times. Fluazuron was not able to promote changes in the energy metabolism of the ticks under the conditions established for this study, but this growth regulator proved to be capable of promoting changes in hemocyte dynamics.

Abstract Background Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 enzyme inhibitor and blocks JAK1-dependent cytokines and is used to control pruritus. Studies available in cats are very limited and as there is a potential role for oclacitinib in the control of pruritus in this specie, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effects of oral oclacitinib maleate in healthy cats. Results Thirty mixed-breed cats weighing from 2.1 to 5.3 kg each were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 10 animals each. Cats in two groups received oclacitinib at 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg q 12 h orally for 28 days. Cats in the third group were given placebo tablets (cornstarch) q 12 h orally for 28 days. Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated during the study and few adverse events were observed in treated cats. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in any animals treated at 1 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal clinical signs observed in the 2 mg/kg group included vomiting in two of the 10 cats and soft stools in two cats. One cat treated with placebo also exhibited soft stools. No significant differences were observed between the groups for hematologic analyses performed during the study. There was a slight increase in neutrophils and monocytes and a decrease in eosinophil mean counts in treated cats. Mean renal and liver enzymes remained normal throughout the entire study. A small, but significant increase in fructosamine levels was observed for both treated groups compared with placebo; however, values remained within the normal reference range. There were no significant difference between treated groups and the placebo group for urine specific gravity, pH, or urine protein to creatinine ratio mean values. Conclusions Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated by cats at 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg and appeared to be safe for this species when administered orally twice daily for 28 days. More studies would be needed to demonstrate if oclacitinib maleate may be a suitable alternative to treat pruritic cats.

Abstract Platynosomum illiciens is a liver trematode encountered infecting mainly felids although it has also been reported in birds and in additional mammalian species, including non-human primates. The current study reports a natural P. illiciens infection primate of the genus Callithrix. The diagnosis was made using a combination of copro-parasitological techniques, morphological evaluation of adult specimens recovered from the liver during necropsy, and molecular analyses. Eggs were brown in color, oval, operculated, and contained a miracidium. Adult specimens recovered during necropsy were measured and showed dimensions compatible with P. illiciens. Molecular characterization of the trematode involved amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in combination with nucleotide sequencing, of an approximately 900 base pairs fragment corresponding to 18S-ITS1-5.8S ribosomal DNA. Sequenced amplicons showed 100% nucleotide identity with sequences deposited in the GenBank database as derived from specimens of P. illiciens recovered from cats in Malaysia and Brazil. It was concluded that the morphological and molecular analyses presented herein, confirmed the identification of the trematode recovered as P. illiciens.

Ctenocephalides felis felis é um ectoparasito da ordem sifonada de grande importância na medicina veterinária e na saúde pública. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes idades de adultos da espécie C. felis felis suscetibilidade ao fipronil quando submetido a teste in vitro . Foram utilizadas pulgas adultas oriundas da colônia laboratorial de C. felis felis . Uma metodologia utilizada foi a impregnação de papel com filtro com concentração de 0,008mg.cm -² Foram formados oito grupos experimentais, de acordo com a idade das pulgas (Grupos de 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias). O critério de avaliação usado foi de mobilidade, avaliado em 24 e 48 horas após o desafio. Após 24 horas, após 21 dias de eclodidas, obtém-se um índice de 100% de mortalidade, que diminui de acordo com a idade. Como 14 dias obtiveram 98,3% de mortalidade, 7 dias 93,1% e 0 dias 86,7%. No período de 48 horas, o fipronil apresenta 100% de eficácia em todos os idades. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que a idade da pulsa não influenciou na resposta do teste in vitro quanto à suscetibilidade ao fipronil, em 24 e 48 horas.

Um felino de quatro anos de idade, macho e sem raça definida foi atendido com histórico de surgimento de uma massa avermelhada no canto medial do bulbo ocular esquerdo. Ao exame oftalmológico foi observado o prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra, hiperemia e secreção em conjuntiva. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico de reposição da glândula pela técnica de Morgan modificada. Após a cirurgia, notou-se melhora dos sinais clínicos. O animal foi acompanhado durante 3 anos após o procedimento e não houve, até o presente momento, a recidiva do prolapso da glândula. Esse é o primeiro caso relatado no Brasil de prolapso da glândula terceira pálpebra em felino. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi efetiva na resolução da condição.

Demodicose é uma dermatose parasitária considerada incomum no gato doméstico. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o primeiro sucesso terapêutico do sarolaner por via oral no tratamento de Demodex spp. em um gato naturalmente infestado no Brasil. Um gato adulto, positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina e em tratamento com glicocorticóides, apresentava sinais clínicos da pele como prurido intenso, hiperceratose, lignificação, fragilidade da pele e alopecia simétrica. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em arranhões na pele, impressão em tiras de acetato e exame coproparasitológico. Após o diagnóstico, o sarolaner foi administrado por via oral (4mg / kg). A avaliação foi realizada com arranhões na pele 24, 48 horas e 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o tratamento. Após 21 dias, nenhum ácaro foi observado e houve uma melhora na fragilidade da pele e na repilação parcial. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o sarolaner foi eficaz no tratamento da sarna demodécica felina.

Plant extracts and essential oils have been showing potential for use as acaricides. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown tick, mainly parasitizes dogs and is responsible for pathogens transmission. The insecticidal and acaricidal activity of the essential oil (EO) of Syzygium aromaticum and eugenol have already been reported, however the activity against R. sanguineus is lacked. To evaluate the acaricidal activity of S. aromaticum EO and eugenol against larvae of R. sanguineus, in vitro assays were performed using the larval immersion test. Bioassays were performed in duplicate, within the concentration range of 0.078 to 40 mg.mL-1. Mortality assessment was performed after 24 hours. Mortality above 90% was achieved through using the EO and eugenol at concentrations greater than 5 and 10 mg.mL-1, respectively. The LC50 values of 1.4 and 3.3 mg.mL-1 for eugenol and S. aromaticum EO, respectively, while the LC90 values found for eugenol and S. aromaticum EO were, respectively, 6.4 and 6.7 mg.mL-1 were calculated. These compounds present activity against R. sanguineus larvae and demonstrate potential for use as acaricides.

Intussuscepção é o prolapso de um segmento intestinal no lúmen da alça intestinal adjacente. Embora frequentemente idiopático, um dos fatores predisponentes inclui parasitismo intestinal. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o caso incomum de intussuscepção ileo-ileal em um gato filhote co-parasitado por Cystoisospora felis e Giardia intestinalis. Um gato, de três meses de idade, sem raça definida, foi atendido com episódios de vômitos intermitentes, prostração, emagrecimento progressivo, desconforto abdominal e diarreia com dois dias de duração. A presença de numerosos cistos de G. intestinalis. e oocistos de C. felis foram detectados nas fezes. O protocolo terapêutico não obteve resposta desejada, o paciente evoluiu para um quadro de choque hipovolêmico e foi à óbito. Durante o atendimento emergencial, foi possível detectar uma massa abdominal palpável de formato cilíndrico na região caudal do abdômen. Na necropsia, foi observado um quadro de ileítefibrino purulenta e necrosante secundária a intussuscepção. O hiperperistaltismo intestinal associado ao intenso parasitismo por esses protozoários sugere a participação desses parasitos na gênese da afecção. O diagnóstico precoce dessas parasitoses é de suma importância tanto para melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente, quanto para obter um bom prognóstico nesses casos de intussuscepção decorrente de distúrbios intestinais provocados pelo parasitismo.

Abstract Zoonoses are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among them, Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an important one that occurs in some regions of South America and can be transmitted by the “star tick” Amblyomma sculptum. Application of acaricides against the larval stage is important as strategy of population control. However, there is still a deficiency of studies on chemical control of A. sculptum and the present work aims to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos against A. sculptum larvae. Bioassays were performed using the larval immersion test method. A discriminatory analysis between the antiparasitic classes most used for tick control was carried out, which made it possible to determine the classes with higher potential for controlling A. sculptum larvae. Our results showed that A. sculptum larvae present highest sensitivity to the synthetic pyrethroid group, followed by the phenylpyrazole, organophosphate and macrocyclic lactone groups. These findings may support studies on improvement of tick control as in animals as in the environment.

ABSTRACT: It is known that skin healing in cats is slower and has a higher complication rate than in dogs, what leads to search for new resources to enhance this process. Omentum properties in the aid of tissue repair are known and, among the forms of extraperitoneal omentalization, the use of free omental grafts without vascular anastomosis is advantageous, but little studied; there is no knowledge about its effect on skin healing, nor if it’s still viable when implanted in the subcutaneous space. Thus, the present study aimed to describe possible alterations produced by free omental graft without anastomosis inserted in the subcutaneous space, by means of macroscopic clinical analysis of the implantation region in cats. Twenty intact female cats were divided into two groups (Group 1: treated animals; Group 2: controls) of similar size. All animals were subjected to ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH) prior to the induction of an experimental wound for the implantation of the omental graft. Wounds were evaluated on days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 postsurgery and then weekly until no lesions were noted. Data regarding color, consistency, presence or absence of crusts, wound resistance, and volume measurements were recorded. There was activation of the omentum on the 4th day of evaluation with reduction of hemorrhage and an increase in the resistance to traction of the experimental wound. We concluded that the omentum without vascular anastomosis is capable of maintaining its viability and exert positive influence on the repair process without showing deleterious signs on the implantation site.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different substrates for larval development of Ctenocephalides felis felis during its biological cycle. Eight hundred eggs of C. felis felis from a flea maintenance colony were used. Different diets were formulated, in which the main substrates were meat flour, powdered milk, sugar, lyophilized bovine blood, tick metabolites and lyophilized egg. The flea eggs were placed in test tubes (10 per tube) and approximately 2 g of the diet to be tested was added to each tube. There were 10 replicates for each substrate. After 28 days, each tube was evaluated individually for the presence of pupae and emerged adults. The following percentages of the larvae completed the cycle to the adult stage: 67% in diets containing tick metabolites; 55%, meat flour; 39%, dehydrated bovine blood; 14%, powdered milk; and less than 1% in diets containing sugar, lyophilized bovine blood, lyophilized egg or wheat bran. It was concluded that among the diets tested, the one constituted by tick metabolites as the substrate was shown to be the most satisfactory for maintaining a laboratory colony of C. felis felis, followed by the one containing meat flour.

The aim of this study was to report the efficacy of nitempiram against Cochiliomiyia hominivorax larvae in ocular myiasis in a naturally infested dog. A female Beagle dog with occular miyasis was attended. After care and clinical examination, was found involvement of the entire ocular and periocular region. The animal was treated with nitenpyram, with a dose of 4,7 mg/kg, orally, jointly with analgesic medication. The expulsion and fall of live and dead larvae were evaluated, which were quantified every 15 minutes in the first hour and thereafter at 2, 3, 4, 6, 18 hours after treatment and subsequent manual removal of the larvae. Overall effectiveness was calculated, the larval expulsion rate and the larvicidal effect of nitenpyram. In full there were 140 larvae in the lesion, from which 90 live larvae were expelled, 46 dead larvae and 4 dead larvae mechanically removed, presenting 100% overall effectiveness, with larval expulsion activity of 97.1% and larvicidal efficacy of 35.7%. Based on the results obtained in this case, it can be concluded that nitenpyram has a fast-acting and safe action under C. hominivorax larvae, proving be a pleasant alternative therapeutic alternative for the elimination of myiasis in orbital cavity of dogs.

Haematobia irritans é uma mosca de grande importância na pecuária bovina. É responsável por causar estresse crônico ao rebanho causando desconforto e levando a redução da produção de carne e leite e depreciação do couro. Também são responsáveis por transmitir vírus, bactéria e facilitar ao desenvolvimento de míiases. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um produto ectoparasiticida contendo a associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de pireronila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” no controle da mosca H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos, mestiços, sem distinção de sexo ou idade. Todos os animais incluídos no estudo apresentaram pelo menos 50 moscas adultas de H. irritans de ocorrência natural. Os animais do grupo tratado foram medicados com a associação de cipermetrina (5mg/kg), clorpirifós (7mg/kg), butóxido de pireronila (5mg/kg) e fluazuron (2,5mg/kg), na dose de 1ml para cada 10 quilos de peso vivo, pela via tópica (“pour on”) em dose única. A eficácia mosquicida foi avaliada um, três, sete, 14 e 21 dias após o tratamento, a partir da contagem de moscas adultas sobre os animais dos dois os grupos. A eficácia da associação testada neste estudo foi de 98,65%; 96,69%; 92,01%; 87,79% e 76,43% nos dias +1, +3, +7, +14 e +21 respectivamente. A associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de piperonila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” é eficaz no controle de H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados.

The objective of this study was to correlate the hematologic changes and serum proteins with parasitism by Ancylostoma sp. in dogs. 50 dogs naturally infected with Ancylostoma sp. were used without distinction of sex, from one to six years of age, belonging to the Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of UFRRJ. Stool samples were collected and these were identified and was carried out egg counts per gram of faeces. Also, blood samples were collected for the realization of the complete blood count and levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin. The results were tabulated and submitted to Spearman correlation test with 5% significance. Of animals evaluated, 42% showed a reduction in the amounts of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit consequently were anemic. The eosinophilia was observed in 66% of evaluated animals and 28% had hypoalbuminemia. The correlation was found between the parasitism by Ancylostoma sp. and the development of anemia, eosinophilia, and hypoalbuminemia. Therefore, it can be concluded from these results that the parasitism by this nematode causes anemia, eosinophilia, and hypoalbuminemia

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia carrapaticida e pulicida de uma formulação “spot on” contendo a associação de fipronil 6,01% + permetrina 44,88%, no controle de Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Ctenocephalides felis felis em cães artificialmente infestados. Foram utilizados 12 cães da raça beagle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de dois a cinco anos, divididos em dois grupos: controle e tratado. Os cães foram infestados com 100 exemplares de C. felis felis e 50 exemplares de R. sanguineus. As infestações foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33 para carrapato e com pulgas nos dias, -2+5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47+54. A avaliação da eficácia carrapaticida ocorreu nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35. A avaliação da eficácia pulicida seguiram nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56 para pulgas. A eficácia carrapaticida foi de: 100%; 96,91%; 92,86%; 91,10%; 54,91% e 51,95% para os dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28 e +35 respectivamente, enquanto a eficácia pulicida foi de 100% até o dia +28 e de 97,44% para do dia +35, 97,41% para o dia +42, 82,87% para o dia +49 e 75,00% para o dia +56. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo é possível concluir que a associação de fipronil 6,01% e permetrina 44,88% foi eficaz para o controle de C. felis felis e R. sanguineus em cães artificialmente infestados.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia carrapaticida e preventiva da associação de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% em bovinos artificialmente infestados. Foram selecionados 12 bovinos, mantidos estabulados, mestiços das raças Gir x Holandês, machos, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os animais do grupo controle não receberam nenhum tipo de tratamento, enquanto que os animais do grupo tratado receberam a formulação da associação na dose única de 600 mcg de abamectina com 3 mg de fluazuron por quilo de peso corporal, por meio de via “pour-on”. As infestações, dos grupos controle e tratado, foram realizadas com 2.500 larvas de Rhipicephalus microplus, nos dias -23, -21, -19, -17, -15, -13, -11, -9, -7, -5, -3, -2, -1 e a coleta de teleóginas foi realizada diariamente, dos dias -3 ao +91. Para a avaliação da eficácia preventiva, as infestações prosseguiram nos dias +7, +14, +21,+28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70 e a coleta de teleóginas seguiu diariamente até o dia +94. A eficácia contra a reinfestação foi calculada nos dias +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42 +49, +56, +63 e +70. A análise estatística entre as médias de teleóginas recuperadas entre os grupos controle e tratado demonstrou que ocorreu diferença significativa (p≤0,05) para todas as tomadas de tempo posteriores ao tratamento. O produto em teste apresentou resultados de eficácia carrapaticida de 0,00%; 6,81%; 62,64%; 85,11%; 98,38%; 97,38%; 96,84%; 97,63%; 98,14%; 97,32%; 97,54%; 98,11%; 99,22%; 97,93%; 98,13%; 96,78%; 96,17%; 99,05%; 98,57%; 98,59%; 97,23%; 96,10%; 99,31% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9, +10, +11, +12, +13, +14, +15, +16, +17, +18, +19, +20, +21, +22, +23 para o grupo tratado. A média da eficácia ao longo dos 23 dias após o tratamento foi de 97,8%. O resultado da eficácia preventiva foi de 98,12%; 98,68%; 98,36%; 97,88%; 96,76%; 96,45%; 96,84%; 97,03%; 95,36% e 87,07% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70. A associação de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% foi eficaz na prevenção contra a reinfestação por larvas de R. microplus por até 60 dias pós-tratamento

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação pur-on contendo a associação de cipermetrina (5%), clorpirifós (7%), butóxido de pireronila (5%) e fluazuron (2,5%) no controle da mosca D. hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 20 bovinos, mestiços, infestados naturalmente por D. hominis. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, controle (não tratado) e medicado, contendo 10 bovinos em cada, com base nas contagens de larvas vivas antes do tratamento. Os animais do grupo tratado foram medicados com a associação de cipermetrina (5mg/kg), clorpirifós (7mg/kg), butóxido de pireronila (5mg/kg) e fluazuron (2,5mg/kg), na dose de 1ml para cada 10 quilos de peso vivo, pela via tópica (“pour on”) em dose única. O número médio de larvas vivas no grupo controle foi 24,4±8,11, 23,2±6,49, 25,9±8,97 e no grupo tratado 24,7±8,34, 1,1±1,04 e 0,7±0,78 nos dias zero, sete e 14 dias após o tratamento. A eficácia bernicida foi avaliada sete e 14 dias após o tratamento, a partir da contagem dos nódulos contendo larvas vivas nos animais dos dois. A eficácia da associação testada neste estudo foi de 95,26% e 97,30% nos dias sete e 14 respectivamente. A associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de pireronila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” é eficaz no controle de D. hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados.

Abstract Background Amblyomma cajennense is the main vector of Rickettsia rickettsii which causes Brazilian spotted fever. This adult tick preferably infests horses and capybaras, but has low host specificity during its immature stages, thus posing a threat to humans and dogs. In this study, the efficacy of sarolaner (Simparic™/Simparica®, Zoetis) when administered once orally to dogs at 2 mg/kg was evaluated against induced infestations of A. cajennense nymphs for up to 35 days after treatment. Methods Based on pretreatment tick counts, 20 dogs were randomly allocated to treatment with sarolaner (Simparic™) dosed at 2 mg/kg of body weight or a placebo on Day 0 of the study. Artificial infestations were performed using laboratory raised A. cajennense nymphs on study days -2, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33. Efficacy was determined at 48 h post-treatment or post-infestation at each time point relative to the counts for dogs that received placebo. Results There were no adverse reactions to treatment. A single dose of sarolaner (Simparic™) provided 100% efficacy on study days 2, 7 and 14; and ≥ 99.6% on days 21, 28 and 35. Geometric mean live tick counts for sarolaner were significantly lower than those for placebo on all days (P

Otodectes cynotis is a mite with a cosmopolitan distribution that is the primary agent for the development of otitis externa in feline species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the oral administration of sarolaner for the treatment of feline otodectic mange. We used 20 adult cats of both sexes that were naturally infested with O. cynotis. The mite infestation scoring was performed by video-otoscopy before treatment. The cats were randomized according to the infestation score and divided into two groups (treated and control). The treated group underwent oral administration of sarolaner in a single dose of 2–4 mg/kg. The evaluations were performed by video-otoscopy to evaluate the reduction of infestation score 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after medication. At the end of the study, the cats were sedated to enable the recovery of live and dead mites to determine efficacy. No adverse effects or laboratory changes were observed in these cats. Sarolaner showed 100% efficacy 48 h after treatment. Based on the results, a single oral dose of sarolaner was effective in controlling otodectic mange in naturally infested cats.

ABSTRACT. Silva R.C.C., Campos D. R., Oliveira P., Laguna A.G.V., Magalhães V.S., Cid Y.P., Almeida M.B., Scott F.B. & Fernandes J.I. [Efficacy of Chitosan gel mucoadhesive containing Doxycycline associated or not to Meloxicam as adjuvant to treatment of gingivitis in dogs with periodontal disease.] Eficácia de um gel de Quitosano Mucoadesivo contendo Doxiciclina associada ou não ao Meloxicam como coadjuvante ao tratamento da gengivite em cães portadores de doença periodontal. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(Supl.2):40-44, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brasil. E-mail: vetjulio@yahoo.com.br Periodontal disease is the highest occurrence condition in the pet clinic, affecting mainly older animals because of its characteristic of chronicity. Among the clinical signs observed in afflicted animals, gingivitis is the first to be observed. The goal of this study was to develop a mucoadhesive gel, containing doxycycline and meloxicam, and evaluate its efficacy as an adjuvant in the treatment of gingivitis induced by periodontal disease, with a clinical and histopathological rating. Eighteen Beagle dogs presenting gingivitis secondary to periodontal disease were divided into three experimental groups. Group I – animals treated with placebo formulation. Group II – Animals treated with a chitosan gel formulation containing doxycycline. Group III - Animals treated with a chitosan gel formulation containing doxycycline and meloxicam. All animals were treated for seven days, every twelve hours, in the gingival margin of the right maxilla. During the clinic evaluation, only the animals treated with the product containing doxycycline had improved. Contrasting, in the histopathologic evaluation, only animals treated with association of doxycycline and meloxicam presented improvements in their clinical score, although no statistic significance was observed between the groups. The developed formulations were not effective as adjuvants in the treatment of gingivitis induced by periodontal disease treatment.

Platynosomum sp. é um trematódeo encontrado em áreas tropicais e subtropicais e acomete felinos domésticos, sendo a principal via de transmissão a ingestão das lagartixas, contendo as formas infectantes, as metacercárias e parasitando fígado, vesícula biliar e ductos biliares. Na maioria dos animais infectados cursa com a forma assintomática, porém, a severidade da doença está associada com a carga, o tempo e a resposta individual do animal parasitado. O exame coproparasitológico é fundamental para possível diagnóstico, pela visualização de ovos operculados. O estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de um felino doméstico naturalmente infectado por Platynosomum fastosum no município de Alegre, Espírito Santo. A felina possuía acesso à rua com hábito de caçar e foi submetida a exame coproparasitológico para estudo epidemiológico de verminoses de gatos do município de Alegre-ES. No exame foi encontrado ovos de P. fastosum por meio da técnica parasitológica de centrífugo-flutuação. Não foram vistas alterações clínicas e no exame ultrassonográfico. A partir disso, foi tratada com praziquantel na dose de 20 mg/kg continuado por 3 dias. O exame coproparasitológico foi repetido uma semana e 10 meses após o tratamento obtendo-se resultados negativos evidenciando o sucesso da terapêutica. Dessa forma, os dados presentes nesse relato buscam atentar para casos de platinossomíases e introduzir os exames coproparasitológicos na rotina.

ABSTRACT. Campos D.R., Guberman U.C., Suhett W.G. & Aptekmann K.P. [Clinical and cytological evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis in ears of dogs.] Caracterização clínica e citológica de Malassezia Pachydermatis da orelha de cães. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2):344-346, 2014. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/nº, Cx Postal 16, Guararema, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E- -mail: kapreising@yahoo.com.br Otitis externa has a multifactorial etiology, which may be caused by bacteria, fungi and/or mites. Fungal otitis may be secondary to other agents, mixed (when there is an association of fungi and bacteria) and, more rarely, primary. The main fungal agents are Candida spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. The most common clinical signs are head shaking, local pain, pinna lesions, otological pruritus and cerumen accumulation. Infection with M. pachydermatis has a dark brown, moist and malodorour cerumen. The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of M. pachydermatis in exudate cytology with clinical manifestations observed in dogs. Cerumen was collected from 86 dogs in a hospital population, independent of age, breed or sex. It was filled up a form containing information about animal identification, clinical signs and otology therapy. Slides were prepared for microscopic examination of cerumen, stained by quick Dift Quick®. It was counted the number of M. pachydermatis by field. A correlation between the presence of cerumen and pruritus was verified. No correlation between the amount of M. pachydermatis observed in cerumen examination and the presence of ear exudate and itching was found in dogs.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.