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2. Vertebrate scavenging in Australia is shaped by a complex interplay of bioregional, seasonal and habitat factors.

Author

Spencer, E. E., Dickman, C. R., Greenville, A., Barton, P., Ritchie, E. G., and Newsome, T. M.

Subjects
*BIOTIC communities, *FERAL swine, *FERAL cats, *RED fox, *BIRDS of prey, *KANGAROOS
Abstract

Carcass scavenging by vertebrates is a critical ecosystem service that is influenced by environmental factors such as season and habitat. However, there is limited understanding of the role that these factors play in shaping scavenging patterns across different bioregions. We used camera traps to monitor vertebrate scavengers at 120 kangaroo (Family: Macropodidae) carcasses that were positioned across different seasons (warm/cool) and habitats (open/closed canopy) in three disparate desert, subalpine and temperate bioregions in Australia. Our survey identified 27 species that scavenged carcasses and revealed clear differences in scavenging patterns across the three bioregions. Carcass use was highest for feral cats, birds of prey, corvids and red foxes in the desert bioregion; for reptiles and dingoes in the temperate bioregion and for feral pigs, possums and dingoes in the subalpine bioregion. Bioregional differences in scavenger guild composition explained >4.6 times more variation in scavenger guild dissimilarity than season and >9.8 times more variation than habitat. Further, habitat had few effects on scavenger communities or carcass detection and use, whereas season was a strong predictor of these responses. Across bioregions, there were some general seasonal and habitat scavenging trends, with mammals and birds often using carcasses more frequently in cooler seasons and birds detecting carcasses faster in open habitat. However, there was also extensive within‐bioregion seasonal variation. For example, depending on bioregion, some animals scavenged more frequently or detected carcasses faster in warmer seasons (i.e. birds and reptiles). Our results show that vertebrate scavenging is mediated by a complex interplay of environmental variables, especially seasonality, which may operate differently across bioregions. These findings have implications for understanding variability in vertebrate scavenging patterns and, in turn, functionally redundant or complementary scavenging processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Author Correction: Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory

Author

Borer, E. T., Harpole, W. S., Adler, P. B., Arnillas, C. A., Bugalho, M. N., Cadotte, M. W., Caldeira, M. C., Campana, S., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T. L., Donohue, I., Eskelinen, A., Firn, J. L., Graff, P., Gruner, D. S., Heckman, R. W., Koltz, A. M., Komatsu, K. J., Lannes, L. S., MacDougall, A. S., Martina, J. P., Moore, J. L., Mortensen, B., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Venterink, H. Olde, Power, S. A., Price, J. N., Risch, A. C., Sankaran, M., Schütz, M., Sitters, J., Stevens, C. J., Virtanen, R., Wilfahrt, P. A., and Seabloom, E. W.

Published
2021
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6. Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory

Author

Borer, E. T., Harpole, W. S., Adler, P. B., Arnillas, C. A., Bugalho, M. N., Cadotte, M. W., Caldeira, M. C., Campana, S., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T. L., Donohue, I., Eskelinen, A., Firn, J. L., Graff, P., Gruner, D. S., Heckman, R. W., Koltz, A. M., Komatsu, K. J., Lannes, L. S., MacDougall, A. S., Martina, J. P., Moore, J. L., Mortensen, B., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Olde Venterink, H., Power, S. A., Price, J. N., Risch, A. C., Sankaran, M., Schütz, M., Sitters, J., Stevens, C. J., Virtanen, R., Wilfahrt, P. A., and Seabloom, E. W.

Published
2020
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12. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of biodiversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, E., Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, J.D., Borer, E.T., Bruschetti, M., MacDougall, A.S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, S., Bagchi, S., Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, I., Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, D., Haider, S., Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Y., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, M, Peri, P.L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Rocca, C., Smith, N., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, R., Veen, G.F., Wilfahrt, P.A., Hautier, Yann, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, E., Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, J.D., Borer, E.T., Bruschetti, M., MacDougall, A.S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, S., Bagchi, S., Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, I., Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, D., Haider, S., Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Y., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, M, Peri, P.L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Rocca, C., Smith, N., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, R., Veen, G.F., Wilfahrt, P.A., and Hautier, Yann

Abstract

Plant productivity varies due to environmental heterogeneity, and theory suggests that plant diversity can reduce this variation. While there is strong evidence of diversity effects on temporal variability of productivity, whether this mechanism extends to variability across space remains elusive. Here we determine the relationship between plant diversity and spatial variability of productivity in 83 grasslands, and quantify the effect of experimentally increased spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions on this relationship. We found that communities with higher plant species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) have lower spatial variability of productivity as reduced abundance of some species can be compensated for by increased abundance of other species. In contrast, high species dissimilarity among local communities (beta diversity) is positively associated with spatial variability of productivity, suggesting that changes in species composition can scale up to affect productivity. Experimentally increased spatial environmental heterogeneity weakens the effect of plant alpha and gamma diversity, and reveals that beta diversity can simultaneously decrease and increase spatial variability of productivity. Our findings unveil the generality of the diversity-stability theory across space, and suggest that reduced local diversity and biotic homogenization can affect the spatial reliability of key ecosystem functions.

Published
2023

14. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Published
2022

15. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Sitters, J. (Judith), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Bakker, E. S. (Elisabeth S.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Gruner, D. S. (Daniel S.), Olde Venterink, H. (Harry), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Graff, P. (Pamela), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Brudvig, L. A. (Lars A.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Donohue, I. (Ian), Grégory, S. (Sonnier), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg S.), Lannes, L. S. (Luciola S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Schütz, M. (Martin), Standish, R. (Rachel), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Sitters, J. (Judith), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Bakker, E. S. (Elisabeth S.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Gruner, D. S. (Daniel S.), Olde Venterink, H. (Harry), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Graff, P. (Pamela), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Brudvig, L. A. (Lars A.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Donohue, I. (Ian), Grégory, S. (Sonnier), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg S.), Lannes, L. S. (Luciola S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Schütz, M. (Martin), Standish, R. (Rachel), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), and Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.)

Abstract

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Published
2022

16. Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

Author

Ladeuceur, E, Blowes, S, Chase, J, Clark, A., Grabowski, M, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, C.A., Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, E.T., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chen, Q.Q., Collins, Scott, Dickman, C. R., Donohue, C, Du, GZ, Ebling, A, Eisenhauer, N., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Anke, J, Jonsottir, I.S., Komatsu, K.J., MacDougall, A.S., Martina, J.P., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Peri, Paolo, Power, S.A., Zhengwei, R, Risch, A., Roscher, C., Schuchardt, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, C, Virtanen, R, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, P.A., Harpole, W.S., Ladeuceur, E, Blowes, S, Chase, J, Clark, A., Grabowski, M, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, C.A., Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, E.T., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chen, Q.Q., Collins, Scott, Dickman, C. R., Donohue, C, Du, GZ, Ebling, A, Eisenhauer, N., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Anke, J, Jonsottir, I.S., Komatsu, K.J., MacDougall, A.S., Martina, J.P., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Peri, Paolo, Power, S.A., Zhengwei, R, Risch, A., Roscher, C., Schuchardt, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, C, Virtanen, R, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, P.A., and Harpole, W.S.

Published
2022

18. Tissue Engineering, Embryonic, Organ and Other Tissue Specific Stem Cells: PARTNERING TO ADVANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE THERAPEUTICS WITH MICROFLUIDIC 3D BIOPRINTING

Author

Bedford, E., primary, Russo, V., additional, Dickman, C., additional, Li, B., additional, Jezierski, A., additional, Kim, D., additional, Jang, J., additional, Yin, Y., additional, Harrington, D.A., additional, Sharma, R., additional, De la Vega, L., additional, Willerth, S., additional, Salmeron, L., additional, Morgan, J.T., additional, Kieffer, T.J., additional, Beyer, S., additional, Mohamed, T., additional, Witek, R.P., additional, Getsios, S., additional, and Wadsworth, S., additional

Published
2022
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37. Reptiles as food: Predation of Australian reptiles by introduced red foxes compounds and complements predation by cats

Author

Stobo-Wilson, A M, Murphy, B P, Legge, S M, Chapple, D G, Crawford, H M, Dawson, S J, Dickman, C R, Doherty, T S, Fleming, P A, Gentle, M, Newsome, T M, Palmer, R, Rees, M W, Martin Ritchie, Euan, Speed, J, Stuart, J M, Thompson, E, Turpin, J, Woinarski, J C Z, Stobo-Wilson, A M, Murphy, B P, Legge, S M, Chapple, D G, Crawford, H M, Dawson, S J, Dickman, C R, Doherty, T S, Fleming, P A, Gentle, M, Newsome, T M, Palmer, R, Rees, M W, Martin Ritchie, Euan, Speed, J, Stuart, J M, Thompson, E, Turpin, J, and Woinarski, J C Z

Published
2021

46. Microbial processing of plant remains is co‐limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands

Author

Ochoa-Hueso, R. (Raul), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Hobbie, S. E. (Sarah E.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Collins, S. L. (Scott L.), Alberti, J. (Juan), Bahamonde, H. A. (Hector A.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Daleo, P. (Pedro), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Ebeling, A. (Anne), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Esch, E. H. (Ellen H.), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Fernandez, V. (Victoria), Gusewell, S. (Sabine), Gutierrez-Larruga, B. (Blanca), Hofmockel, K. (Kirsten), Laungani, R. (Ramesh), Lind, E. (Eric), Lopez, A. (Andrea), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Peri, P. L. (Pablo L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Roscher, C. (Christiane), Sarneel, J. M. (Judith M.), Schutz, M. (Martin), Siebert, J. (Julia), Standish, R. J. (Rachel J.), Ayuso, S. V. (Sergio Velasco), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.), Wiehl, G. (Georg), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), and Zamin, T. (Tara)

Subjects
decomposition, eutrophication, fertilization, carbon cycling and sequestration, food and beverages, nutrient (co‐)limitation, microbial activity, NutNet
Abstract

Microbial processing of aggregate‐unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long‐term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus nine essential macro‐ and micro‐nutrients) on decomposition and biochemical transformation of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents. Addition of multiple nutrients weakly but consistently increased decomposition and biochemical transformation of plant remains during the peak‐season, concurrent with changes in microbial exoenzymatic activity. Higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were the main climatic drivers of higher decomposition rates, while biochemical transformation of plant remains was negatively related to temperature of the wettest quarter. Nutrients enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential for microbial processing of plant remains.

Published
2020

48. Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory

Author

Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Arnillas, C. A. (C. A.), Bugalho, M. N. (M. N.), Cadotte, M. W. (M. W.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Campana, S. (S.), Dickman, C. R. (C. R.), Dickson, T. L. (T. L.), Donohue, I. (I.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Graff, P. (P.), Gruner, D. S. (D. S.), Heckman, R. W. (R. W.), Koltz, A. M. (A. M.), Komatsu, K. J. (K. J.), Lannes, L. S. (L. S.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Martina, J. P. (J. P.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Mortensen, B. (B.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Venterink, H. O. (H. Olde), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Price, J. N. (J. N.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Schuetz, M. (M.), Sitters, J. (J.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Wilfahrt, P. A. (P. A.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Arnillas, C. A. (C. A.), Bugalho, M. N. (M. N.), Cadotte, M. W. (M. W.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Campana, S. (S.), Dickman, C. R. (C. R.), Dickson, T. L. (T. L.), Donohue, I. (I.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Graff, P. (P.), Gruner, D. S. (D. S.), Heckman, R. W. (R. W.), Koltz, A. M. (A. M.), Komatsu, K. J. (K. J.), Lannes, L. S. (L. S.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Martina, J. P. (J. P.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Mortensen, B. (B.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Venterink, H. O. (H. Olde), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Price, J. N. (J. N.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Schuetz, M. (M.), Sitters, J. (J.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Wilfahrt, P. A. (P. A.), and Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.)

Abstract

Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrients, and herbivory. Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulated by nutrient inputs (‘consumer-controlled’). Alternatively, nutrient supply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by factors other than food (‘resource-controlled’). Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer control was weak. However, at sites with high vertebrate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced biomass, supporting the consumer-controlled prediction. Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live biomass at sites with low precipitation or high ambient soil nitrogen. Overall, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental nutrient supply, with widespread consequences for grazing and fire risk.

Published
2020

50. Predation by introduced cats Felis catus on Australian frogs: compilation of species records and estimation of numbers killed

Author

Woinarski, J. C. Z., primary, Legge, S. M., additional, Woolley, L. A., additional, Palmer, R., additional, Dickman, C. R., additional, Augusteyn, J., additional, Doherty, T. S., additional, Edwards, G., additional, Geyle, H., additional, McGregor, H., additional, Riley, J., additional, Turpin, J., additional, and Murphy, B. P., additional

Published
2020
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