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1. Is an Emphasis on Dignity, Honor and Face more an Attribute of Individuals or of Cultural Groups?

Author

Smith, P.B. Easterbrook, M.J. Koc, Y. Lun, V.M.-C. Papastylianou, D. Grigoryan, L. Torres, C. Efremova, M. Hassan, B. Abbas, A. Ahmad, A.H. al-Bayati, A. Selim, H.A. Anderson, J. Cross, S.E. Delfino, G.I. Gamsakhurdia, V. Gavreliuc, A. Gavreliuc, D. Gul, P. Günsoy, C. Hakobjanyan, A. Lay, S. Lopukhova, O. Hu, P. Sunar, D. Texeira, M.L.M. Tripodi, D. Diaz Rivera, P.E. van Osch, Y. Yuki, M. Ogusu, N. Kwantes, C.T. Diaz-Loving, R. Pérez-Floriano, L. Chaleeraktrakoon, T. Chobthamkit, P.

Abstract

This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed. © 2020 SAGE Publications.

Published
2021

2. Sex Differences in Self-Construal and in Depressive Symptoms: Predictors of Cross-National Variation

Author

Smith, P.B. Easterbrook, M.J. al-Selim, H. Lun, V.M.C. Koc, Y. Gul, P. Papastylianou, D. Grigoryan, L. Torres, C. Efremova, M. Hassan, B. Ahmad, A.H. al-Bayati, A. Anderson, J. Cross, S.E. Delfino, G.I. Gamsakhurdia, V. Gavreliuc, A. Gavreliuc, D. Gunsoy, C. Hakobjanyan, A. Lay, S. Lopukhova, O. Hu, P. Sunar, D. Texeira, M.L.M. Tripodi, D. Diaz Rivera, P.E. van Osch, Y. Yuki, M. Abbas, A. Ogusu, N. Kwantes, C.T. Diaz-Loving, R. Perez Floriano, L. Chaleeraktrakoon, T. Chobthamkit, P.

Abstract

Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples. © The Author(s) 2020.

Published
2020

3. Effect of Sex Education on the Sexual and Contraceptive Practices of Female Teenagers in Mexico City

Author

David Hp, Diaz Loving R, Pick de Weiss S, and Andrade Palos P

Subjects
Adolescent, Economics, Sexual Behavior, media_common.quotation_subject, Culture, Population, Statistics as Topic, Ethnic group, Developing country, Human sexuality, Sex Education, Social class, Education, Developmental psychology, Population Characteristics, Psychology, Personality, education, Contraception Behavior, Developing Countries, Mexico, Socioeconomic status, Applied Psychology, Demography, media_common, Behavior, education.field_of_study, Research, Age Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Contraception, Latin America, Attitude, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Organization and Administration, Family planning, Family Planning Services, North America, Educational Status, Americas, Program Evaluation
Abstract

After reviewing the literature on the relationship between sex education and sexual and contraceptive behavior, the National Research Council (1987) recently concluded that the existing evaluation of the effects of sex education on sexual and contraceptive practice is helpful but not sufficient. 1 possible explanation for the different results obtained are the diverse sociodemographic characteristics of the sample(s) of teens under consideration. Another aspect which might account for the differences seen in the literature focuses on the areas covered in the course. In Mexico, no studies have been undertaken which deal with the relationship between sex education and sexual and contraceptive behaviors. A study carried out with 392 adolescent females ages 16-17 of lower and middle lower socioeconomic status showed that merely attending a sex education course did not affect the initiation or continuation of sexual activity, contraceptive behavior, or even the perception of accessibility to contraception. Providing information on sexuality, partner relationships, and where contraception can be obtained does not appear to have any effect on sexual activity. Receiving information on pregnancy prevention and obtaining contraceptives was found to be related to contraceptive use. Although less dramatic, information about partner relationships and sexuality produced increases in contraceptive use.

Published
1991
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4. Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits: Patterns and Profiles of Human Self-Description Across 56 Nations

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., Benet-Martínez, V., Alcalay, L., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. Martina, Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. Arif, Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-evi, J., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. Chung, Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., McCarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'Yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Speelman, T., Spyrou, S., Sumer, H. Canan, Sumer, N., Supekova, M., Szlendak, T., Taylor, R., Timmermans, B., Tooke, W., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Vandermassen, G., Vanhoomissen, T., Overwalle, F. Van, Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vasey, P. L., Verissimo, J., Voracek, M., Wan, W. W. N., Wang, T.-W., Weiss, P., Wijaya, A., Woertman, L., Youn, G., Zupaneie, A., Sharan, M. B., Lavallée, M., Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883], Echegaray, Marcela, and Herrera, Dora

Subjects
Agreeableness, Cultural Studies, Cultura, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Culture, Big Five model, 050109 social psychology, Personality -- Case studies, Big Five personality traits and culture, Big Five, Cross-cultural psychology, Personality traits, Hierarchical structure of the Big Five, Social psychology, ddc:150, 0502 economics and business, Openness to experience, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Anthropology, Big Five personality traits, Personalidad, Psicología social, media_common, 05 social sciences, Conscientiousness, personality traits, cross-cultural psychology, Big Five, Psicología / Psicología de la conducta, Facet (psychology), Ethnopsychology, Psychology, Personality assessment, 050203 business & management
Abstract

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. And people from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of the current data set and important directions for future research., peer-reviewed

Published
2007
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5. Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: Are models of self and of other pancultural constructs?

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. B., Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fowler, R., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. A., Giri, V. N., Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hitchell, A., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-Evi, J., Huffcutt, A., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. C., Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., Mccarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Olimat, H., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schleeter, R., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Lavallée, M., Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883], Echegaray, Marcela, and Herrera, Dora

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Social psychology (sociology), Cultura, Social Psychology, Apego (Psicología), Culture, Amor, 050109 social psychology, Human sexuality, Ciencias sociales / Estudios culturales, Interpersonal relations -- Case studies, Social psychology, Human mating strategies, Internal working models, Romantic attachment, Anthropology, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Psicología / Procesos afectivos, ddc:150, Attachment theory, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociocultural evolution, 05 social sciences, Interpersonal relations and culture, Romance, Problem of universals, Normative, Psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies., peer-reviewed

Published
2004

6. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., JR, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fowler, R., Fry, D. P., Sirpa, F. R. Y., Ghayur, M. A., Giri, V. N., Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hitchell, A., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-Evi, J., Huffcutt, A., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Suk-Jae, L. E. E., Leung, L. C., Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., Mccarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Olimat, H., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'Yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schleeter, R., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Lavallée, M., Echegaray, Marcela, Herrera, Dora, and Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883]

Subjects
Gender equity, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Apego (Psicología), Human sexuality, Relaciones de pareja, Social role -- Case studies, Ciencias sociales / Estudios culturales, Interpersonal relations -- Case studies, Developmental psychology, Psicología / Procesos afectivos, Attachment behavior, ddc:150, Sex differences, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Couple relationships, Social role, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Sociocultural evolution, health care economics and organizations, media_common, Survey research, Research findings, Romance, humanities, Anthropology, Ideology, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany), Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with data collection and contributing significantly to the samples used in this study., Gender differences in the dismissing form of adult romantic attachment were investigated as part of the International Sexuality Description Project—a survey study of 17,804 people from 62 cultural regions. Contrary to research findings previously reported in Western cultures, we found that men were not significantly more dismissing than women across all cultural regions. Gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment were evident in most cultures, but were typically only small to moderate in magnitude. Looking across cultures, the degree of gender differentiation in dismissing romantic attachment was predictably associated with sociocultural indicators. Generally, these associations supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment, with smaller gender differences evident in cultures with high–stress and high–fertility reproductive environments. Social role theories of human sexuality received less support in that more progressive sex–role ideologies and national gender equity indexes were not cross–culturally linked as expected to smaller gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment., peer-reviewed

Published
2003
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7. Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety : tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. Martina, Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. Arif, Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-evi, J., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. Chung, Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., McCarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Speelman, T., Spyrou, S., Sumer, H. C., Sumer, N., Supekova, M., Szlendak, T., Taylor, R., Timmermans, B., Tooke, W., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Vandermassen, G., Vanhoomissen, T., Overwalle, F. Van, Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vasey, P. L., Verissimo, J., Voracek, M., Wan, W. W. N., Wang, T.-W., Weiss, P., Wijaya, A., Woertman, L., Youn, G., Zupaneie, A., Lavallée, M., Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883], Echegaray, Marcela, Herrera, Dora, Personality and Social Psychology, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, Time Factors, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science, sociale roles, Sexual Behavior, Culture, Poison control, Human sexuality, Interpersonal relations, Female, Humans, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mujeres-Conducta sexual, Conducta sexual, Interpersonal relationship, Mate selection -- Case studies, ddc:150, Sex differences, East Asia, Psychosexual behavior, Men-Psychosexual behavior, Sexual differentiation, International Sexuality Description Project, Women-Psychosexual behavior, Physical attractiveness, Evolutionary psychology, Psicología / Psicología de la conducta, Mate choice, Hombres-Conducta sexual, Psychology, Social psychology, Demography
Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that men and women possess both long-term and short-term mating strategies, with men's short-term strategy differentially rooted in the desire for sexual variety. In this article, findings from a cross-cultural survey of 16,288 people across 10 major world regions (including North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia) demonstrate that sex differences in the desire for sexual variety are culturally universal throughout these world regions. Sex differences were evident regardless of whether mean, median, distributional, or categorical indexes of sexual differentiation were evaluated. Sex differences were evident regardless of the measures used to evaluate them. Among contemporary theories of human mating, pluralistic approaches that hypothesize sex differences in the evolved design of short-term mating provide the most compelling account of these robust empirical findings., peer-reviewed

Published
2003

8. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Borg Cunen, M. A., Braeckman, J., Brainerd Jr, E. G., Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C., Souza, E., Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fowler, R., Fry, D. P., Sirpa, F. R. Y., Ghayur, M. A., Giri, V. N., Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hitchell, A., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-Evi, J., Huffcutt, A., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A. -R, Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lavallée, M., Suk-Jae, L. E. E., Leung, L. C., Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., Mccarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., MIGUEL MOYA, Munyae, M., Noller, P., Olimat, H., Opre, A., Panayiotou, A., Petrovtc, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P Yatokha, V., Raymond, M., Reips, U. -D, Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schleeter, R., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., and Shackelford, T. K.

Subjects
Social Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Anthropology, Life-span and Life-course Studies

9. Patterns and Universals of Mate Poaching Across 53 Nations: The Effects of Sex, Culture, and Personality on Romantically Attracting Another Person's Partner

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. Martina, Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. Arif, Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-evi, J., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. Chung, Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., McCarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Speelman, T., Spyrou, S., Sumer, H. Canan, Sumer, N., Supekova, M., Szlendak, T., Taylor, R., Timmermans, B., Tooke, W., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Vandermassen, G., Vanhoomissen, T., Overwalle, F. Van, Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vasey, P. L., Verissimo, J., Voracek, M., Wan, W. W. N., Wang, T.-W., Weiss, P., Wijaya, A., Woertman, L., Youn, G., Zupaneie, A., Lavallée, M., and Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883]

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, Interpersonal attraction -- Case studies, media_common.quotation_subject, Sexual Behavior, Culture, Poison control, Human sexuality, Interpersonal relations -- Case studies, Interpersonal attraction, ddc:150, Mate selection, Personality, Humans, East Asia, Interpersonal Relations, media_common, Extramarital sex, Female, Love, Sexual attraction, Poaching, Gender studies, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions., peer-reviewed

10. Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the international sexuality description project-2,Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, J. B., Austers, I., Balaguer, I., Baptista, A., Bender, S. S., Bennett, K., Bianchi, G., Birashk, B., Bleske-Rechek, A., Boholst, F. A., Boothroyd, L., Borja, T., Bos, A., Brainerd, E., Brase, G. L., Brites, J., Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, M., Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, A. C., Caral, L. G. A., Carnelley, K. B., Carvalho, M., Casson, J., Castillo, I., Castro, A., Casullo, M., Chirkov, V. I., Choi, J., Cohen, D., Collin-Hansen, C. A., Commisso, M. A., Consuegra, E., Cordovez, L., Cukur, C. S., Cunen, M. A. B., Cunningham, M., Curl, L., Daniel, P., Denissen, J. J. A., Desmarais, S., Desouza, E., Diaz-Loving, R., Elias, M. S., Endriulaitiene, A., Eremsoy, E., Expósito, F., Falzon, R., Fernandez, A. M., Fernando, K., Ferreira, J. H. B. P., Fink, B., Fisher, M., Fitness, J., Flowers, K., Frederick, D., Fry, S., Fukushima, O., Gaines, S. O., Galliher, R. V., Gandari, E., Geher, G., Gentile, D. A., Geri, J. M., Giri, V. N., Golden, D., Gordon, F., Gordon, K. C., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Giunta, S., Hajdú, E., Halberstadt, J., Hald, G., Halim, M. S., Haque, S., Harlem, S. K., Hearns, K. A., Heaven, P., Helweg-Larsen, M., Herrera, E., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Høgh-Olesen, H., Houle, B. J., Hudek-Knezevic, J., Jaafar, J., Kafetsios, K., Kardum, I., Kennair, L. E. O., Khoury, B., Kökény, T., Koller, S., Konrads, S., Kraft, J. R., Kuhle, B. X., Kun, A., Laireiter, A. -R, Lányi, K., Lauri, M., Lavy, S., Lawal, O. A., Legkauskas, V., Li, C., Lin, H. -Y, Lloyd, R., Locke, K. D., Lombardo, S. A., Luksik, I., Lythe, B., Lyubomirsky, S., Malinen, S., Martin, H. J., Mashego, T. -A B., Mills, M. E., Mikulincer, M., Mordeno, I. G., Moya, M., Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, M., Neyer, F. J., Nyborg, H., Oliveira, V. B., Opre, A., Osman, S. L., Paulhus, D. L., Pawlowski, B., Penke, L., Peplau, L. A., Petrovic, N., Platek, S. M., Podobnik, N., Polonyi, T., Popper, M., Reips, U. -D, Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rukuni, M. M., Rus, V. S., Sagarin, B. J., Sakaguchi, K., Salas, S., Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, P., Schachner, D. A., Schmidt, M., Schütz, A., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sibisi, L. B. T., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Souma, T., Stanojevic, T. S., Sukiennik, I., Sümer, N., Szeghy, P., Szente, S. L., Szlendak, T., Tefera, D., Thoma, N., Tifferet, S., Tkach, C., Tordai, Z., Tranthan, E., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Duynslaeger, M., Empelen, P., Overwalle, F., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Marco Varella, Vera-Villarroel, P., Voracek, M., Vorontsov, D., Wan, W., Weiss, P., Welsh, D. P., Widyatmoko, S., Woertman, L., Wood, E., Woodward, L., Ye, H., Youn, G., and Zupančič, A.

11. Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the international sexuality description project-2 | Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, J. B., Austers, I., Balaguer, I., Baptista, A., Bender, S. S., Bennett, K., Bianchi, G., Birashk, B., Bleske-Rechek, A., Boholst, F. A., Boothroyd, L., Borja, T., Bos, A., Brainerd, E., Brase, G. L., Brites, J., Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, M., Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, A. C., Caral, L. G. A., Carnelley, K. B., Carvalho, M., Casson, J., Castillo, I., Castro, A., Casullo, M., Chirkov, V. I., Choi, J., Cohen, D., Collin-Hansen, C. A., Commisso, M. A., Consuegra, E., Cordovez, L., Cukur, C. S., Cunen, M. A. B., Cunningham, M., Curl, L., Daniel, P., Denissen, J. J. A., Desmarais, S., Desouza, E., Diaz-Loving, R., Elias, M. S., Endriulaitiene, A., Eremsoy, E., Expósito, F., Falzon, R., Fernandez, A. M., Fernando, K., Ferreira, J. H. B. P., Fink, B., Fisher, M., Fitness, J., Flowers, K., Frederick, D., Fry, S., Fukushima, O., Gaines, S. O., Galliher, R. V., Gandari, E., Geher, G., Gentile, D. A., Geri, J. M., Giri, V. N., Golden, D., Gordon, F., Gordon, K. C., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Giunta, S., Hajdú, E., Halberstadt, J., Hald, G., Halim, M. S., Haque, S., Harlem, S. K., Hearns, K. A., Heaven, P., Helweg-Larsen, M., Herrera, E., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., H Gh-Olesen, H., Houle, B. J., Hudek-Knezevic, J., Jaafar, J., Kafetsios, K., Kardum, I., Kennair, L. E. O., Khoury, B., Kökény, T., Koller, S., Konrads, S., Kraft, J. R., Kuhle, B. X., Kun, A., Laireiter, A. -R, Lányi, K., Lauri, M., Lavy, S., Lawal, O. A., Legkauskas, V., Li, C., Lin, H. -Y, Lloyd, R., Locke, K. D., Lombardo, S. A., Luksik, I., Lythe, B., Lyubomirsky, S., Malinen, S., Martin, H. J., Mashego, T. -A B., Mills, M. E., Mikulincer, M., Mordeno, I. G., Moya, M., Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, M., Neyer, F. J., Nyborg, H., Oliveira, V. B., Opre, A., Osman, S. L., Paulhus, D. L., Pawlowski, B., Penke, L., Peplau, L. A., Petrovic, N., Platek, S. M., Podobnik, N., Polonyi, T., Popper, M., Reips, U. -D, Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rukuni, M. M., Rus, V. S., Sagarin, B. J., Sakaguchi, K., Salas, S., Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, P., Schachner, D. A., Schmidt, M., Schütz, A., Todd Shackelford, Shaver, P. R., Sibisi, L. B. T., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Souma, T., Stanojevic, T. S., Sukiennik, I., Sümer, N., Szeghy, P., Szente, S. L., Szlendak, T., Tefera, D., Thoma, N., Tifferet, S., Tkach, C., Tordai, Z., Tranthan, E., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Duynslaeger, M., Empelen, P., Overwalle, F., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Varella, M. A. C., Vera-Villarroel, P., Voracek, M., Vorontsov, D., Wan, W., Weiss, P., Welsh, D. P., Widyatmoko, S., Woertman, L., Wood, E., Woodward, L., Ye, H., Youn, G., and Zupan I, A.

12. Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups.

Author

Lun VM, Smith PB, Grigoryan L, Torres C, Papastylianou A, Lopukhova OG, Sunar D, Easterbrook MJ, Koc Y, Selim HA, Chobthamkit P, Chaleeraktrakoon T, Gul P, Perez Floriano L, Diaz-Loving R, Kwantes CT, Yuki M, Ogusu N, van Osch Y, Mendes Texeira ML, Hu P, Abbas A, Tripodi D, Lay S, Efremova M, Hassan B, Ahmad AH, Al-Bayati A, Anderson J, Cross SE, Delfino GI, Gamsakhurdia V, Gavreliuc A, Gavreliuc D, Gunsoy C, Díaz Rivera PE, and Hakobjanyan A

Subjects
Humans, Conflict, Psychological, Negotiating, Individuality, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Interpersonal Relations
Abstract

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups., (© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Union of Psychological Science.)

Published
2023
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13. Cultural Differences in Attitudes Toward Action and Inaction: The Role of Dialecticism.

Author

Zell E, Su R, Li H, Ringo Ho MH, Hong S, Kumkale T, Stauffer SD, Zecca G, Cai H, Roccas S, Arce-Michel J, de Sousa C, Diaz-Loving R, Botero MM, Mannetti L, Garcia C, Carrera P, Cabalero A, Ikemi M, Chan D, Bernardo A, Garcia F, Brechan I, Maio G, and Albarracín D

Abstract

The current research examined whether nations differ in their attitudes toward action and inaction. It was anticipated that members of dialectical East Asian societies would show a positive association in their attitudes toward action/inaction. However, members of non-dialectical European-American societies were expected to show a negative association in their attitudes toward action/inaction. Young adults in 19 nations completed measures of dialectical thinking and attitudes toward action/inaction. Results from multi-level modeling showed, as predicted, that people from high dialecticism nations reported a more positive association in their attitudes toward action and inaction than people from low dialecticism nations. Furthermore, these findings remained after controlling for cultural differences in individualism-collectivism, neuroticism, gross-domestic product, and response style. Discussion highlights the implications of these findings for action/inaction goals, dialecticism, and culture., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Published
2013
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14. Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Angleitner A, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Borg Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG 2nd, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Haque S, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafar J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Mkhize NJ, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sineshaw T, Sookdew R, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, van Overwalle F, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Culture, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Personality, Sexual Behavior psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.

Published
2004
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15. Agreement in personality judgments within and between nonoverlapping social groups in collectivist cultures.

Author

Malloy TE, Albright L, Diaz-Loving R, Dong Q, and Lee YT

Subjects
Adult, China ethnology, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mexico ethnology, Cultural Characteristics, Friends ethnology, Group Processes, Personality, Social Values
Abstract

The social context hypothesis states that people behave differently in different social groups because group norms and context-specific interpersonal relationships uniquely affect behavior. Consequently, a person who is a member of different, nonoverlapping social groups (i. e., the members of different groups are unacquainted) should be judged consensually on personality traits within each group; however, between groups there should be less agreement in judgments. This research focused on cultural moderation of the social context effect in two collective cultures (China and Mexico) with different norms for interpersonal relationships. Among Chinese, there was greater consensus in trait judgments within groups than between groups, whereas in Mexico, agreement within and between groups was equivalent. Culturally based relationship norms that affect cross-context consistency of behavior and, in turn, the consistency of trait judgments across groups were described.

Published
2004
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16. Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG Jr, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafer J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sinehsaw T, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Taylor R, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Van Overwalle F, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Culture, Sexual Behavior
Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that men and women possess both long-term and short-term mating strategies, with men's short-term strategy differentially rooted in the desire for sexual variety. In this article, findings from a cross-cultural survey of 16,288 people across 10 major world regions (including North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia) demonstrate that sex differences in the desire for sexual variety are culturally universal throughout these world regions. Sex differences were evident regardless of whether mean, median, distributional, or categorical indexes of sexual differentiation were evaluated. Sex differences were evident regardless of the measures used to evaluate them. Among contemporary theories of human mating, pluralistic approaches that hypothesize sex differences in the evolved design of short-term mating provide the most compelling account of these robust empirical findings.

Published
2003
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18. Effect of sex education on the sexual and contraceptive practices of female teenagers in Mexico City.

Author

Pick De Weiss S, Diaz Loving R, Andrade Palos P, and David HP

Subjects
Age Factors, Americas, Behavior, Contraception, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Education, Family Planning Services, Latin America, Mexico, North America, Organization and Administration, Population, Population Characteristics, Research, Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent, Attitude, Contraception Behavior, Culture, Educational Status, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Sex Education, Sexual Behavior, Social Class, Statistics as Topic
Published
1990
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