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1. A Comparative Study of Traditional Technique Guide versus Virtual Reality in Orthopedic Trauma Training

Author: Lamb A, McKinney B, Frousiakis P, Diaz G, and Sweet S
Subjects: surgical training, virtual reality, traditional surgical training, operating room, mock procedures, comparative study, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Ashley Lamb,1 Brandon McKinney,1 Petros Frousiakis,1 Graal Diaz,2 Stephan Sweet1 1Orthopedic Surgery, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, CA, USA; 2Research Department-Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Healthcare System, Ventura, CA, USACorrespondence: Graal Diaz, Research Department-Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Hospital, 147 N. Brent Street, Ventura, CA, 93003, USA, Email Gdiaz.con@cmhshealth.orgBackground: Medical and surgical education is an expansive field fraught with many challenges. Technology such as virtual reality could be a new venue that can offer a solution to improve surgical training.Objective: The objective of this prospective, blinded study was to evaluate virtual reality as a training model for orthopedic surgery and surgical training at large.Methods: Fourth-year medical students with novice skills volunteered to participate in this observer-blinded 1:1 randomized controlled trial. They had no prior experience in tibia intramedullary nail (IMN) surgery. They were randomized into traditional technique guide education and virtual reality. The participants were timed on their mock surgery, and a blinded observer was utilized to subjectively grade their performance throughout the procedure using the Global Assessment 5-point Rating Scale and Procedure-Specific Checklist.Results: Thirty-eight participants were recruited and randomized into virtual reality (19) and traditional (19) groups. There were trends in all categories favoring the virtual reality group. The VR group had improved time to completion (9.6 minutes vs 12.2 minutes, P = 0.034) and reduced need for corrections within the mock procedure (2.2 vs 2.5; P = 0.05).Conclusion: Virtual reality training was more effective than traditional training in learning and completing the steps of the tibia IMN surgery for novice medical students. Virtual reality training may be a useful method to augment orthopedic education and surgical training.Keywords: surgical training, virtual reality, traditional surgical training, operating room, mock procedures, comparative study
Published: 2023

2. Measurement of Energy Resolution with the NEXT-White Silicon Photomultipliers

Author: Contreras, T., Palmeiro, B., Almazán, H., Para, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Guenette, R., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Castillo, A., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Echevarria, C., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freixa, Z., García-Barrena, J., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J. W. R., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kellerer, F., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Vara, M., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Navarro, K. E., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Parmaksiz, I., Pazos, A., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Seemann, M., Shomroni, I., Silva, P. A. O. C., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Teruel-Pardo, S., Toledo, J. F., Tonnelé, C., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Valle, P. R. G., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and Yubero-Navarro, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The NEXT-White detector, a high-pressure gaseous xenon time projection chamber, demonstrated the excellence of this technology for future neutrinoless double beta decay searches using photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to measure energy and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to extract topology information. This analysis uses $^{83m}\text{Kr}$ data from the NEXT-White detector to measure and understand the energy resolution that can be obtained with the SiPMs, rather than with PMTs. The energy resolution obtained of (10.9 $\pm$ 0.6) $\%$, full-width half-maximum, is slightly larger than predicted based on the photon statistics resulting from very low light detection coverage of the SiPM plane in the NEXT-White detector. The difference in the predicted and measured resolution is attributed to poor corrections, which are expected to be improved with larger statistics. Furthermore, the noise of the SiPMs is shown to not be a dominant factor in the energy resolution and may be negligible when noise subtraction is applied appropriately, for high-energy events or larger SiPM coverage detectors. These results, which are extrapolated to estimate the response of large coverage SiPM planes, are promising for the development of future, SiPM-only, readout planes that can offer imaging and achieve similar energy resolution to that previously demonstrated with PMTs.
Published: 2024

3. Fluorescence Imaging of Individual Ions and Molecules in Pressurized Noble Gases for Barium Tagging in $^{136}$Xe

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Byrnes, N., Dey, E., Foss, F. W., Jones, B. J. P., Madigan, R., McDonald, A., Miller, R. L., Navarro, K. E., Norman, L. R., Nygren, D. R., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Barcelon, J. E., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Cárcel, S., Castillo, A., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Echevarria, C., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freixa, Z., García-Barrena, J., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J. W. R., Guenette, R., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Kellerer, F., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pazos, A., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Seemann, M., Shomroni, I., Silva, P. A. O. C., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Teruel-Pardo, S., Toledo, J. F., Tonnelé, C., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Valle, P. R. G., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and Yubero-Navarro, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The imaging of individual Ba$^{2+}$ ions in high pressure xenon gas is one possible way to attain background-free sensitivity to neutrinoless double beta decay and hence establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. In this paper we demonstrate selective single Ba$^{2+}$ ion imaging inside a high-pressure xenon gas environment. Ba$^{2+}$ ions chelated with molecular chemosensors are resolved at the gas-solid interface using a diffraction-limited imaging system with scan area of 1$\times$1~cm$^2$ located inside 10~bar of xenon gas. This new form of microscopy represents an important enabling step in the development of barium tagging for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in $^{136}$Xe, as well as a new tool for studying the photophysics of fluorescent molecules and chemosensors at the solid-gas interface.
Published: 2024

4. Performance and first measurements of the MAGIC Stellar Intensity Interferometer

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, S., Abhir, J., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., na, L. Fari, Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Truzzi, M. Teshima S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Díaz, G. Chon C., Fiori, M., Lobo, M., Naletto, G., Polo, M., Rodríguez-Vázquez, J. J., Saha, P., and Zampieri, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: In recent years, a new generation of optical intensity interferometers has emerged, leveraging the existing infrastructure of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The MAGIC telescopes host the MAGIC-SII system (Stellar Intensity Interferometer), implemented to investigate the feasibility and potential of this technique on IACTs. After the first successful measurements in 2019, the system was upgraded and now features a real-time, dead-time-free, 4-channel, GPU-based correlator. These hardware modifications allow seamless transitions between MAGIC's standard very-high-energy gamma-ray observations and optical interferometry measurements within seconds. We establish the feasibility and potential of employing IACTs as competitive optical Intensity Interferometers with minimal hardware adjustments. The measurement of a total of 22 stellar diameters are reported, 9 corresponding to reference stars with previous comparable measurements, and 13 with no prior measurements. A prospective implementation involving telescopes from the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory's northern hemisphere array, such as the first prototype of its Large-Sized Telescopes, LST-1, is technically viable. This integration would significantly enhance the sensitivity of the current system and broaden the UV-plane coverage. This advancement would enable the system to achieve competitive sensitivity with the current generation of long-baseline optical interferometers over blue wavelengths., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2024
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5. Measurement of Electron Neutrino and Antineutrino Cross Sections at Low Momentum Transfer

Author: Henry, S., Su, H., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bashyal, A., Betancourt, M., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Caceres, G., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Fine, R., Gaur, P. K., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Hart, A. L., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Mehmood, M., Messerly, B., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Pernas, C., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Roy, N., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Accelerator based neutrino oscillation experiments seek to measure the relative number of electron and muon neutrinos and antineutrinos at different $L/E$ values. However high statistics studies of neutrino interactions are almost exclusively measured using muon neutrinos and antineutrinos since the dominant flavor of neutrinos produced by accelerator based beams are of the muon type. This work reports new measurements of electron neutrino and antineutrino interactions in hydrocarbon, obtained by strongly suppressing backgrounds initiated by muon flavor neutrinos and antineutrinos. Double differential cross sections as a function of visible energy transfer, $E_\text{avail}$, and transverse momentum transfer, $p_T$, or three momentum transfer, $q_3$ are presented., Comment: 25 pages, 32 figures and 7 tables, accepted for publication in Physical Review D. Revised to add content updated in review process
Published: 2023
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6. Design, characterization and installation of the NEXT-100 cathode and electroluminescence regions

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Mistry, K., Rogers, L., Jones, B. J. P., Munson, B., Norman, L., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Castillo, A., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Echevarria, C., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J. W. R., Guenette, R., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Hernando~Morata, J. A., Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ifergan, Y., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Navarro, K. E., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Oliver, D., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rogero, C., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Seemann, M., Shomroni, I., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and Yubero, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: NEXT-100 is currently being constructed at the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc in the Spanish Pyrenees and will search for neutrinoless double beta decay using a high-pressure gaseous time projection chamber (TPC) with 100 kg of xenon. Charge amplification is carried out via electroluminescence (EL) which is the process of accelerating electrons in a high electric field region causing secondary scintillation of the medium proportional to the initial charge. The NEXT-100 EL and cathode regions are made from tensioned hexagonal meshes of 1 m diameter. This paper describes the design, characterization, and installation of these parts for NEXT-100. Simulations of the electric field are performed to model the drift and amplification of ionization electrons produced in the detector under various EL region alignments and rotations. Measurements of the electrostatic breakdown voltage in air characterize performance under high voltage conditions and identify breakdown points. The electrostatic deflection of the mesh is quantified and fit to a first-principles mechanical model. Measurements were performed with both a standalone test EL region and with the NEXT-100 EL region before its installation in the detector. Finally, we describe the parts as installed in NEXT-100, following their deployment in Summer 2023., Comment: 35 pages, 25 Figures, update includes accepted version in JINST
Published: 2023
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7. Demonstration of Event Position Reconstruction based on Diffusion in the NEXT-White Detector

Author: Haefner, J., Navarro, K. E., Guenette, R., Jones, B. J. P., Tripathi, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., BenllochRodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Shomroni, I., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Noble element time projection chambers are a leading technology for rare event detection in physics, such as for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches. Time projection chambers typically assign event position in the drift direction using the relative timing of prompt scintillation and delayed charge collection signals, allowing for reconstruction of an absolute position in the drift direction. In this paper, alternate methods for assigning event drift distance via quantification of electron diffusion in a pure high pressure xenon gas time projection chamber are explored. Data from the NEXT-White detector demonstrate the ability to achieve good position assignment accuracy for both high- and low-energy events. Using point-like energy deposits from $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr calibration electron captures ($E\sim45$keV), the position of origin of low-energy events is determined to $2~$cm precision with bias $< 1$mm. A convolutional neural network approach is then used to quantify diffusion for longer tracks (E$\geq$1.5MeV), yielding a precision of 3cm on the event barycenter. The precision achieved with these methods indicates the feasibility energy calibrations of better than 1% FWHM at Q$_{\beta\beta}$ in pure xenon, as well as the potential for event fiducialization in large future detectors using an alternate method that does not rely on primary scintillation., Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2023

8. Measurement of the Multi-Neutron $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ Charged Current Differential Cross Section at Low Available Energy on Hydrocarbon

Author: Olivier, A., Cai, T., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gaur, P. K., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Hart, A. L., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Pernas, C., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ray, H., Roy, N., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutron production in antineutrino interactions can lead to bias in energy reconstruction in neutrino oscillation experiments, but these interactions have rarely been studied. MINERvA previously studied neutron production at an average antineutrino energy of ~3 GeV in 2016 and found deficiencies in leading models. In this paper, the MINERvA 6 GeV average antineutrino energy data set is shown to have similar disagreements. A measurement of the cross section for an antineutrino to produce two or more neutrons and have low visible energy is presented as an experiment-independent way to explore neutron production modeling. This cross section disagrees with several leading models' predictions. Neutron modeling techniques from nuclear physics are used to quantify neutron detection uncertainties on this result., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures; Added ancillary files with cross section values as .csv Matches preprint accepted by publisher
Published: 2023

9. Demonstration of neutrinoless double beta decay searches in gaseous xenon with NEXT

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Novella, P., Sorel, M., Usón, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K. E., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The NEXT experiment aims at the sensitive search of the neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe, using high-pressure gas electroluminescent time projection chambers. The NEXT-White detector is the first radiopure demonstrator of this technology, operated in the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc. Achieving an energy resolution of 1% FWHM at 2.6 MeV and further background rejection by means of the topology of the reconstructed tracks, NEXT-White has been exploited beyond its original goals in order to perform a neutrinoless double beta decay search. The analysis considers the combination of 271.6 days of $^{136}$Xe-enriched data and 208.9 days of $^{136}$Xe-depleted data. A detailed background modeling and measurement has been developed, ensuring the time stability of the radiogenic and cosmogenic contributions across both data samples. Limits to the neutrinoless mode are obtained in two alternative analyses: a background-model-dependent approach and a novel direct background-subtraction technique, offering results with small dependence on the background model assumptions. With a fiducial mass of only 3.50$\pm$0.01 kg of $^{136}$Xe-enriched xenon, 90% C.L. lower limits to the neutrinoless double beta decay are found in the T$_{1/2}^{0\nu}>5.5\times10^{23}-1.3\times10^{24}$ yr range, depending on the method. The presented techniques stand as a proof-of-concept for the searches to be implemented with larger NEXT detectors.
Published: 2023
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10. NEXT-CRAB-0: A High Pressure Gaseous Xenon Time Projection Chamber with a Direct VUV Camera Based Readout

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Byrnes, N. K., Parmaksiz, I., Adams, C., Asaadi, J., Baeza-Rubio, J, Bailey, K., Church, E., González-Díaz, D., Higley, A., Jones, B. J. P., Mistry, K., Moya, I. A., Nygren, D. R., Oyedele, P., Rogers, L., Stogsdill, K., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F, Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K. E., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pelegrin, J, Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) remains one of the most compelling experimental avenues for the discovery in the neutrino sector. Electroluminescent gas-phase time projection chambers are well suited to $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches due to their intrinsically precise energy resolution and topological event identification capabilities. Scalability to ton- and multi-ton masses requires readout of large-area electroluminescent regions with fine spatial resolution, low radiogenic backgrounds, and a scalable data acquisition system. This paper presents a detector prototype that records event topology in an electroluminescent xenon gas TPC via VUV image-intensified cameras. This enables an extendable readout of large tracking planes with commercial devices that reside almost entirely outside of the active medium.Following further development in intermediate scale demonstrators, this technique may represent a novel and enlargeable method for topological event imaging in $0\nu\beta\beta$., Comment: 30 Pages, 22 figures, Updated to match current JINST submission
Published: 2023

11. A Compact Dication Source for Ba$^{2+}$ Tagging and Heavy Metal Ion Sensor Development

Author: Navarro, K. E., Jones, B. J. P., Baeza-Rubio, J., Boyd, M., Denisenko, A. A., Foss, F. W., Giri, S., Miller, R., Nygren, D. R., Tiscareno, M. R., Samaniego, F. J., Stogsdill, K., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pelegrín, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a tunable metal ion beam that delivers controllable ion currents in the picoamp range for testing of dry-phase ion sensors. Ion beams are formed by sequential atomic evaporation and single or multiple electron impact ionization, followed by acceleration into a sensing region. Controllability of the ionic charge state is achieved through tuning of electrode potentials that influence the retention time in the ionization region. Barium, lead, and cobalt samples have been used to test the system, with ion currents identified and quantified using a quadrupole mass analyzer. Realization of a clean $\mathrm{Ba^{2+}}$ ion beam within a bench-top system represents an important technical advance toward the development and characterization of barium tagging systems for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in xenon gas. This system also provides a testbed for investigation of novel ion sensing methodologies for environmental assay applications, with dication beams of Pb$^{2+}$ and Cd$^{2+}$ also demonstrated for this purpose.
Published: 2023
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12. Simultaneous measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic-like cross sections on CH, C, water, Fe, and Pb as a function of muon kinematics at MINERvA

Author: Kleykamp, J., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Díaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper presents the first simultaneous measurement of the quasielastic-like neutrino-nucleus cross sections on C, water, Fe, Pb and scintillator (hydrocarbon or CH) as a function of longitudinal and transverse muon momentum. The ratio of cross sections per nucleon between Pb and CH is always above unity and has a characteristic shape as a function of transverse muon momentum that evolves slowly as a function of longitudinal muon momentum. The ratio is constant versus longitudinal momentum within uncertainties above a longitudinal momentum of 4.5GeV/c. The cross section ratios to CH for C, water, and Fe remain roughly constant with increasing longitudinal momentum, and the ratios between water or C to CH do not have any significant deviation from unity. Both the overall cross section level and the shape for Pb and Fe as a function of transverse muon momentum are not reproduced by current neutrino event generators. These measurements provide a direct test of nuclear effects in quasielastic-like interactions, which are major contributors to long-baseline neutrino oscillation data samples., Comment: 9 pages, 8 flgures, including supplemental material
Published: 2023
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13. High-Statistics Measurement of Antineutrino Quasielastic-like scattering at $E_\nu \sim$ 6~GeV on a Hydrocarbon Target

Author: Bashyal, A., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Carneiro, M. F., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Gaur, P. K., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present measurements of the cross section for anti-neutrino charged-current quasielastic-like scattering on hydrocarbon using the medium energy (ME) NuMI wide-band neutrino beam peaking at $\sim 6$ GeV. The cross section measurements are presented as a function of the longitudinal momentum ($p_{||}$) and transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) of the final state muon. This work complements our previously reported high statistics measurement in the neutrino channel and extends the previous anti-neutrino measurement made in the low energy (LE) beam at neutrino energy($$) $\sim$ 3.5 GeV to $p_{T}$ of 2.5 GeV/c. Current theoretical models do not completely describe the data in this previously unexplored high $p_{T}$ region. The single differential cross section as a function of four momentum transfer ($Q^{2}_{QE}$) now extends to 4 GeV$^2$ with high statistics. The cross section as a function of $Q^{2}_{QE}$ shows that the tuned simulations developed by the MINERvA collaboration that agreed well with the low energy beam measurements do not agree as well with the medium energy beam measurements. Newer neutrino interaction models such as the GENIE 3 tunes are better able to simulate the high $Q^{2}_{QE}$., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2022

14. Reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of PTFE coated with TPB at visible, UV, and VUV as a function of thickness

Author: Haefner, J., Fahs, A., Ho, J., Stanford, C., Guenette, R., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Denisenko, A. A., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Marques, A. P., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., and Waiton, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Optics
Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. In noble element systems, it is often coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) to allow detection of vacuum ultraviolet scintillation light. In this work this dependence is investigated for PTFE coated with TPB in air for light of wavelengths of 200~nm, 260~nm, and 450~nm. The results show that TPB-coated PTFE has a reflectance of approximately 92\% for thicknesses ranging from 5~mm to 10~mm at 450~nm, with negligible variation as a function of thickness within this range. A cross-check of these results using an argon chamber supports the conclusion that the change in thickness from 5~mm to 10~mm does not affect significantly the light response at 128~nm. Our results indicate that pieces of TPB-coated PTFE thinner than the typical 10~mm can be used in particle physics detectors without compromising the light signal.
Published: 2022
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15. Neutrino-induced coherent $\pi^{+}$ production in C, CH, Fe and Pb at $\langle E_{\nu}\rangle \sim 6$ GeV

Author: Ramírez, M. A., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bashyal, A., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Díaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ransome, R. D., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: MINERvA has measured the $\nu_{\mu}$-induced coherent $\pi^{+}$ cross section simultaneously in hydrocarbon (CH), graphite (C), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) targets using neutrinos from 2 to 20 GeV. The measurements exceed the predictions of the Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal PCAC based models at multi-GeV $\nu_{\mu}$ energies and at produced $\pi^{+}$ energies and angles, $E_{\pi}>1$ GeV and $\theta_{\pi}<10^{\circ}$. Measurements of the cross-section ratios of Fe and Pb relative to CH reveal the effective $A$-scaling to increase from an approximate $A^{1/3}$ scaling at few GeV to an $A^{2/3}$ scaling for $E_{\nu}>10$ GeV., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures and 60 pages of supplemental material. Updated to accepted version, with ancillary files of the cross section data
Published: 2022
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16. Simultaneous measurement of muon neutrino $\nu_\mu$ charged-current single $\pi^+$ production in CH, C, H$_2$O, Fe, and Pb targets in MINERvA

Author: Bercellie, A., Kroma-Wiley, K. A., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bellantoni, L., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Díaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Gaur, P. K., Ghosh, A., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Mahbub, I., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Utt, B., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutrino-induced charged-current single $\pi^+$ production in the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance region is of considerable interest to accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments. In this work, high statistics differential cross sections are reported for the semi-exclusive reaction $\nu_\mu A \to \mu^- \pi^+ +$ nucleon(s) on scintillator, carbon, water, iron, and lead targets recorded by MINERvA using a wide-band $\nu_\mu$ beam with $\left< E_\nu \right> \approx 6$~GeV. Suppression of the cross section at low $Q^2$ and enhancement of low $T_\pi$ are observed in both light and heavy nuclear targets compared to phenomenological models used in current neutrino interaction generators. The cross-section ratios for iron and lead compared to CH across the kinematic variables probed are 0.8 and 0.5 respectively, a scaling which is also not predicted by current generators., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 117 pages of supplementary material; updated to accepted version and added ancillary files with cross section data; updated again to add ancillary files with neutrino flux used for result
Published: 2022
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17. Improved constraint on the MINERvA medium energy neutrino flux using $\bar{\nu}e^{-} \!\rightarrow \bar{\nu}e^{-}$ data

Author: Zazueta, L., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Cai, T., Díaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Granados, E., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., and Yaeggy, B.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Processes with precisely known cross sections, like neutrino electron elastic scattering ($\nu e^{-} \!\rightarrow \nu e^{-}$) and inverse muon decay ($\nu_\mu e^{-} \!\rightarrow \mu^{-} \nu_e$) have been used by MINERvA to constrain the uncertainty on the NuMI neutrino beam flux. This work presents a new measurement of neutrino elastic scattering with electrons using the medium energy \numubar enhanced NuMI beam. A sample of 578 events after background subtraction is used in combination with the previous measurement on the \numu beam and the inverse muon decay measurement to reduce the uncertainty on the \numu flux in the \numu-enhanced beam from 7.6\% to 3.3\% and the \numubar flux in the \numubar-enhanced beam from 7.8\% to 4.7\%., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2022
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18. Controlled boundary explosions: dynamics after blow-up for some semilinear problems with global controls

Author: Casal, A. C., Díaz, G., Díaz, J. I., and Vegas, J. M.
Subjects: Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35K58, 35B44, 35B60, 49J30, 34K40
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to show that the blow up phenomenon (the explosion of the $ \rL^{\infty }$-norm) of the solutions of several classes of evolution problems can be controlled by means of suitable global controls $\alpha (t)$ ($i.e.$ only dependent on time) in such a way that the corresponding solution be well defined (as element of $\rL_{loc}^{1}(0,+\infty :\rX)$, for some functional space $\rX$) after the explosion time. We start by considering the case of an ordinary differential equation with a superlinear term and show that the controlled explosion property holds by using a delayed control (built through the solution of the problem and by generalizing the {\em nonlinear variation of constants formula}, due to V.M. Alekseev in 1961, to the case of {\em neutral delayed equations} (since the control is only in the space $\rW_{loc}^{-1,q\prime }(0,+\infty :\RR )$, for some $q>1$)$.$ We apply those arguments to the case of an evolution semilinear problem in which the differential equation is a semilinear elliptic equation with a superlinear absorption and the boundary condition is dynamic and involves the forcing superlinear term giving rise to the blow up phenomenon. We prove that, under a suitable balance between the forcing and the absorption terms, the blow up takes place only on the boundary of the spatial domain which here is assumed to be a ball $\rB_{\rR}$ and for a constant as initial datum., Comment: 36 pages,3 figures
Published: 2022

19. Simultaneous measurement of proton and lepton kinematics in quasielastic-like $\nu_{\mu}$-hydrocarbon interactions from 2 to 20 GeV

Author: The MINERvA Collaboration, Ruterbories, D., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Díaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Gaur, P. K., Ghosh, A., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Haase, E., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jacobsen, K., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Wascko, M. O., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutrino charged-current quasielastic-like scattering, a reaction category extensively used in neutrino oscillation measurements, probes nuclear effects that govern neutrino-nucleus interactions. This Letter reports the first measurement of the triple-differential cross section for $\nu_{\mu}$ quasielastic-like reactions using the hydrocarbon medium of the MINERvA detector exposed to a wide-band beam spanning 2 $\leq$ E$_\nu \leq$ 20 GeV. The measurement maps the correlations among transverse and longitudinal muon momenta and summed proton kinetic energies, and compares them to predictions from a state-of-art simulation. Discrepancies are observed that likely reflect shortfalls with modeling of pion and nucleon intranuclear scattering and/or spectator nucleon ejection from struck nuclei. The separate determination of leptonic and hadronic variables can inform experimental approaches to neutrino-energy estimation., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary 18 figures
Published: 2022

20. Neutral Bremsstrahlung emission in xenon unveiled

Author: Henriques, C. A. O., Amedo, P., Teixeira, J. M. R., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Azevedo, C. D. R., Para, A., Martin-Albo, J., Hernandez, A. Saa, Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Nygren, D. R., Monteiro, C. M. B., Adams, C., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodriguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Carcel, S., Carrion, J. V., Cebrian, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Diaz, G., Diaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Guenette, R., Gutierrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martinez, A., Martinez-Vara, M., Martinez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Munoz, Novella, P., Palmeiro, B., Perez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodriguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simon, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Uson, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: We present evidence of non-excimer-based secondary scintillation in gaseous xenon, obtained using both the NEXT-White TPC and a dedicated setup. Detailed comparison with first-principle calculations allows us to assign this scintillation mechanism to neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS), a process that has been postulated to exist in xenon that has been largely overlooked. For photon emission below 1000 nm, the NBrS yield increases from about 10$^{-2}$ photon/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$ at pressure-reduced electric field values of 50 V cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$ to above 3$\times$10$^{-1}$ photon/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$ at 500 V cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$. Above 1.5 kV cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$, values that are typically employed for electroluminescence, it is estimated that NBrS is present with an intensity around 1 photon/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$, which is about two orders of magnitude lower than conventional, excimer-based electroluminescence. Despite being fainter than its excimeric counterpart, our calculations reveal that NBrS causes luminous backgrounds that can interfere, in either gas or liquid phase, with the ability to distinguish and/or to precisely measure low primary-scintillation signals (S1). In particular, we show this to be the case in the "buffer" and "veto" regions, where keeping the electric field below the electroluminescence (EL) threshold will not suffice to extinguish secondary scintillation. The electric field in these regions should be chosen carefully to avoid intolerable levels of NBrS emission. Furthermore, we show that this new source of light emission opens up a viable path towards obtaining S2 signals for discrimination purposes in future single-phase liquid TPCs for neutrino and dark matter physics, with estimated yields up to 20-50 photons/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$., Comment: Published in Physical Review X
Published: 2022
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21. Ba$^{2+}$ ion trapping by organic submonolayer: towards an ultra-low background neutrinoless double beta decay detector

Author: Herrero-Gómez, P., Calupitan, J. P., Ilyn, M., Berdonces-Layunta, A., Wang, T., de Oteyza, D. G., Corso, M., González-Moreno, R., Rivilla, I., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Freixa, Z., Monrabal, F., Cossío, F. P., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Rogero, C., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Raymond, A., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: If neutrinos are their own antiparticles, the otherwise-forbidden nuclear reaction known as neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta 0\nu$) can occur, with a characteristic lifetime which is expected to be very long, making the suppression of backgrounds a daunting task. It has been shown that detecting (``tagging'') the Ba$^{+2}$ dication produced in the double beta decay ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe} \rightarrow {}^{136}$Ba$^{+2}+ 2 e + (2 \nu)$ in a high pressure gas experiment, could lead to a virtually background free experiment. To identify these \Bapp, chemical sensors are being explored as a key tool by the NEXT collaboration . Although used in many fields, the application of such chemosensors to the field of particle physics is totally novel and requires experimental demonstration of their suitability in the ultra-dry environment of a xenon gas chamber. Here we use a combination of complementary surface science techniques to unambiguously show that Ba$^{+2}$ ions can be trapped (chelated) in vacuum by an organic molecule, the so-called fluorescent bicolour indicator (FBI) (one of the chemosensors developed by NEXT), immobilized on a surface. We unravel the ion capture mechanism once the molecules are immobilised on Au(111) surface and explain the origin of the emission fluorescence shift associated to the trapping of different ions. Moreover, we prove that chelation also takes place on a technologically relevant substrate, as such, demonstrating the feasibility of using FBI indicators as building blocks of a Ba$^{+2}$ detector.
Published: 2022
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22. Vertex finding in neutrino-nucleus interaction: A Model Architecture Comparison

Author: Akbar, F., Ghosh, A., Young, S., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Athar, M. Sajjad, Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gaura, P. K., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustová, A., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Moreno, O., Morfín, J. G., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. J., Ramírez, M. A., Ruterbories, D., Su, H., Syrotenko, V. S., Waldron, A. V., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We compare different neural network architectures for Machine Learning (ML) algorithms designed to identify the neutrino interaction vertex position in the MINERvA detector. The architectures developed and optimized by hand are compared with the architectures developed in an automated way using the package "Multi-node Evolutionary Neural Networks for Deep Learning" (MENNDL), developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The two architectures resulted in a similar performance which suggests that the systematics associated with the optimized network architecture are small. Furthermore, we find that while the domain expert hand-tuned network was the best performer, the differences were negligible and the auto-generated networks performed well. There is always a trade-off between human, and computer resources for network optimization and this work suggests that automated optimization, assuming resources are available, provides a compelling way to save significant expert time.
Published: 2022
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23. Measurement of the ${}^{136}$Xe two-neutrino double beta decay half-life via direct background subtraction in NEXT

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Novella, P., Sorel, M., Usón, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Raymond, A., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report a measurement of the half-life of the ${}^{136}$Xe two-neutrino double beta decay performed with a novel direct background subtraction technique. The analysis relies on the data collected with the NEXT-White detector operated with ${}^{136}$Xe-enriched and ${}^{136}$Xe-depleted xenon, as well as on the topology of double-electron tracks. With a fiducial mass of only 3.5 kg of Xe, a half-life of $2.34^{+0.80}_{-0.46}\textrm{(stat)}^{+0.30}_{-0.17}\textrm{(sys)}\times10^{21}~\textrm{yr}$ is derived from the background-subtracted energy spectrum. The presented technique demonstrates the feasibility of unique background-model-independent neutrinoless double beta decay searches., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, and 1 appendix
Published: 2021
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24. Measurement of inclusive charged-current $\nu_{\numu}$ scattering on hydrocarbon at {<Enu>} 6 GeV with low three-momentum transfer

Author: Ascencio, M. V., Andrade, D. A., Mahbub, I., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Bashyal, A., Bender, S., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bonin, K., Budd, H., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Diaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Fuad, N., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Haluptzok, T., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Klustova, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Miller, J., Morfin, J. G., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, 4C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramirez, M. A., Ray, H., Reed, B. J., Rodrigues, P. A., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The \minerva experiment reports double-differential cross-section measurements for $\nu_{\mu}$-carbon interactions with three-momentum transfer $|\vec{q}| < 1.2$ GeV obtained with medium energy exposures in the NuMI beam. These measurements are performed as a function of the three-momentum transfer and an energy transfer estimator called the available energy defined as the energy that would be visible in the detector. The double differential cross sections are compared to the GENIE and NuWro predictions along with the modified version of GENIE which incorporates new models for better agreement with earlier measurements from MINERvA. In these measurements, the quasi-elastic, resonance, and multi-nucleon knockout processes appear at different kinematics in this two-dimensional space. The results can be used to improve models for neutrino interactions needed by neutrino oscillation experiments.
Published: 2021
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25. Selective shifts in the rhizosphere microbiome during the drought season could explain the success of the invader Nicotiana glauca in semiarid ecosystems

Author: Caravaca, F., Torres, P., Díaz, G., and Roldán, A.
Published: 2024
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26. The Dynamics of Ions on Phased Radio-frequency Carpets in High Pressure Gases and Application for Barium Tagging in Xenon Gas Time Projection Chambers

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Jones, B. J. P., Raymond, A., Woodruff, K., Byrnes, N., Denisenko, A. A., Foss, F. W., Navarro, K., Nygren, D. R., Vuong, T. T., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z, Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Hernando~Morata, J. A., Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Radio-frequency (RF) carpets with ultra-fine pitches are examined for ion transport in gases at atmospheric pressures and above. We develop new analytic and computational methods for modeling RF ion transport at densities where dynamics are strongly influenced by buffer gas collisions. An analytic description of levitating and sweeping forces from phased arrays is obtained, then thermodynamic and kinetic principles are used to calculate ion loss rates in the presence of collisions. This methodology is validated against detailed microscopic SIMION simulations. We then explore a parameter space of special interest for neutrinoless double beta decay experiments: transport of barium ions in xenon at pressures from 1 to 10 bar. Our computations account for molecular ion formation and pressure dependent mobility as well as finite temperature effects. We discuss the challenges associated with achieving suitable operating conditions, which lie beyond the capabilities of existing devices, using presently available or near-future manufacturing techniques., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures v2: author list update and pre-journal submission adjustments
Published: 2021

27. Exploring Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the GeV Regime using MINERvA

Author: Lu, X. -G., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Barr, G. D., Bashyal, A., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., da Motta, H., Diaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Klustova, A., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfin, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramirez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Rodrigues, P. A., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Waldron, A. V., Wark, D., Weber, A., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: With the advance of particle accelerator and detector technologies, the neutrino physics landscape is rapidly expanding. As neutrino oscillation experiments enter the intensity and precision frontiers, neutrino-nucleus interaction measurements are providing crucial input. MINERvA is an experiment at Fermilab dedicated to the study of neutrino-nucleus interactions in the regime of incident neutrino energies from one to few GeV. The experiment recorded neutrino and antineutrino scattering data with the NuMI beamline from 2009 to 2019 using the Low-Energy and Medium-Energy beams that peak at 3 GeV and 6 GeV, respectively. This article reviews the broad spectrum of interesting nuclear and particle physics that MINERvA investigations have illuminated. The newfound, detailed knowledge of neutrino interactions with nuclear targets thereby obtained is proving essential to continued progress in the neutrino physics sector., Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures. Accepted as invited contribution to EPJ special issue "Neutrino Interactions in the Intermediate and High Energy Region. Guest editors: Mohammad Sajjad Athar and Shri Krishna Singh"
Published: 2021
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28. Constraining the NuMI neutrino flux using inverse muon decay reactions in MINERvA

Author: Ruterbories, D., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., DÍaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Plows, K. -J., Ramírez, M. A., Ray, H., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Yaeggy, B., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Inverse muon decay, $\nu_\mu e^-\to\mu^-\nu_e$, is a reaction whose cross-section can be predicted with very small uncertainties. It has a neutrino energy threshold of $\approx 11$ GeV and can be used to constrain the high-energy part of the flux in the NuMI neutrino beam. This reaction is the dominant source of events which only contain high-energy muons nearly parallel to the direction of the neutrino beam. We have isolated a sample of hundreds of such events in neutrino and anti-neutrino enhanced beams, and have constrained the predicted high-energy flux., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor corrections and clarifications
Published: 2021
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29. Measurement of inclusive charged-current $\nu_\mu$ cross sections as a function of muon kinematics at $<E_\nu>\sim6~GeV$ on hydrocarbon

Author: Ruterbories, D., Filkins, A., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Díaz, G. A., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, D., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Olivier, A., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ray, H., Schellman, H., Silva, G., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Waldron, A. V., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: MINERvA presents a new analysis of inclusive charged-current neutrino interactions on a hydrocarbon target. We report single and double-differential cross sections in muon transverse and longitudinal momentum. These measurements are compared to neutrino interaction generator predictions from GENIE, NuWro, GiBUU, and NEUT. In addition, comparisons against models with different treatments of multi-nucleon correlations, nuclear effects, resonant pion production, and deep inelastic scattering are presented. The data recorded corresponds to $10.61\times10^{20}$ protons on target with a peak neutrino energy of approximately 6 GeV. The higher energy and larger statistics of these data extend the kinematic range for model testing beyond previous MINERvA inclusive charged-current measurements. The results are not well modeled by several generator predictions using a variety of input models., Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2021
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30. Use of Neutrino Scattering Events with Low Hadronic Recoil to Inform Neutrino Flux and Detector Energy Scale

Author: Bashyal, A., Rimal, D., Messerly, B., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ascencio, M. V., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gilligan, S. M., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ray, H., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H., Waldron, A. V., Yaeggy, C. Wret B., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Charged-current neutrino interactions with low hadronic recoil ("low-nu") have a cross-section that is approximately constant versus neutrino energy. These interactions have been used to measure the shape of neutrino fluxes as a function of neutrino energy at accelerator-based neutrino experiments such as CCFR, NuTeV, MINOS and MINERvA. In this paper, we demonstrate that low-nu events can be used to measure parameters of neutrino flux and detector models and that utilization of event distributions over the upstream detector face can discriminate among parameters that affect the neutrino flux model. From fitting a large sample of low-nu events obtained by exposing MINERvA to the NuMI medium-energy beam, we find that the best-fit flux parameters are within their a priori uncertainties, but the energy scale of muons reconstructed in the MINOS detector is shifted by 3.6% (or 1.8 times the a priori uncertainty on that parameter). These fit results are now used in all MINERvA cross-section measurements, and this technique can be applied by other experiments operating at MINERvA energies, such as DUNE., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, Replaced with accepted version
Published: 2021
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31. An Error Analysis Toolkit for Binned Counting Experiments

Author: Messerly, B., Fine, R., Olivier, A., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Bonilla, J. L., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Ghosh, A., Gilligan, S., Gran, R., Haider, H., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., McFarland, K. S., Nguyen, C., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ray, H., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Valencia, E., Vaughan, N. H, Yaeggy, B., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: We introduce the MINERvA Analysis Toolkit (MAT), a utility for centralizing the handling of systematic uncertainties in HEP analyses. The fundamental utilities of the toolkit are the MnvHnD, a powerful histogram container class, and the systematic Universe classes, which provide a modular implementation of the many universe error analysis approach. These products can be used stand-alone or as part of a complete error analysis prescription. They support the propagation of systematic uncertainty through all stages of analysis, and provide flexibility for an arbitrary level of user customization. This extensible solution to error analysis enables the standardization of systematic uncertainty definitions across an experiment and a transparent user interface to lower the barrier to entry for new analyzers.
Published: 2021
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32. Neutral pion reconstruction using machine learning in the MINERvA experiment at $\langle E_\nu \rangle \sim 6$ GeV

Author: Ghosh, A., Yaeggy, B., Galindo, R., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Bonilla, J. L., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., da Motta, H., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Golan, T., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Len, T., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Montano, Luis M., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ray, H., Ruterbories, D., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Wospakrik, M., Wret, C., Yang, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper presents a novel neutral-pion reconstruction that takes advantage of the machine learning technique of semantic segmentation using MINERvA data collected between 2013-2017, with an average neutrino energy of $6$ GeV. Semantic segmentation improves the purity of neutral pion reconstruction from two gammas from 71\% to 89\% and improves the efficiency of the reconstruction by approximately 40\%. We demonstrate our method in a charged current neutral pion production analysis where a single neutral pion is reconstructed. This technique is applicable to modern tracking calorimeters, such as the new generation of liquid-argon time projection chambers, exposed to neutrino beams with $\langle E_\nu \rangle$ between 1-10 GeV. In such experiments it can facilitate the identification of ionization hits which are associated with electromagnetic showers, thereby enabling improved reconstruction of charged-current $\nu_e$ events arising from $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e}$ appearance., Comment: 26 pages, v2 matches published version
Published: 2021
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33. Boosting background suppression in the NEXT experiment through Richardson-Lucy deconvolution

Author: Simón, A., Ifergan, Y., Redwine, A. B., Weiss-Babai, R., Arazi, L., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Gosh, S., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Vara, M., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. -E., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Newhouse, C., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments aim for half-life sensitivities of ~$10^{27}$ yr, requiring suppressing backgrounds to <1 count/tonne/yr. For this, any extra background rejection handle, beyond excellent energy resolution and the use of extremely radiopure materials, is of utmost importance. The NEXT experiment exploits differences in the spatial ionization patterns of double beta decay and single-electron events to discriminate signal from background. While the former display two Bragg peak dense ionization regions at the opposite ends of the track, the latter typically have only one such feature. Thus, comparing the energies at the track extremes provides an additional rejection tool. The unique combination of the topology-based background discrimination and excellent energy resolution (1% FWHM at the Q-value of the decay) is the distinguishing feature of NEXT. Previous studies demonstrated a topological background rejection factor of ~5 when reconstructing electron-positron pairs in the $^{208}$Tl 1.6 MeV double escape peak (with Compton events as background), recorded in the NEXT-White demonstrator at the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc, with 72% signal efficiency. This was recently improved through the use of a deep convolutional neural network to yield a background rejection factor of ~10 with 65% signal efficiency. Here, we present a new reconstruction method, based on the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm, which allows reversing the blurring induced by electron diffusion and electroluminescence light production in the NEXT TPC. The new method yields highly refined 3D images of reconstructed events, and, as a result, significantly improves the topological background discrimination. When applied to real-data 1.6 MeV $e^-e^+$ pairs, it leads to a background rejection factor of 27 at 57% signal efficiency., Comment: Submitted to JHEP
Published: 2021
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34. Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Kekic, M., Adams, C., Woodruff, K., Renner, J., Church, E., Del Tutto, M., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodriguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Carcel, S., Carrion, J. V., Cebrian, S., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Diaz, G., Diaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutierrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martin-Albo, J., Martinez, A., Martinez-Lema, G., Martinez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Perez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodriguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simon, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Uson, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{136}$Xe. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6-MeV gamma rays from a $^{228}$Th calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulated events and show that, by applying on-the-fly data augmentation, the network can be made robust against differences between simulation and data. The use of CNNs offer significant improvement in signal efficiency/background rejection when compared to previous non-CNN-based analyses., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures; version matches published JHEP version
Published: 2020
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35. A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune orbiting the bright, quiet M3 dwarf TOI-1266

Author: Demory, B. -O., Pozuelos, F. J., Chew, Y. Gomez Maqueo, Sabin, L., Petrucci, R., Schroffenegger, U., Grimm, S. L., Sestovic, M., Gillon, M., McCormac, J., Barkaoui, K., Benz, W., Bieryla, A., Bouchy, F., Burdanov, A., Collins, K. A., de Wit, J., Dressing, C. D., Garcia, L. J., Giacalone, S., Guerra, P., Haldemann, J., Heng, K., Jehin, E., Jofre, E., Kane, S. R., Lillo-Box, J., Maigne, V., Mordasini, C., Morris, B. M., Niraula, P., Queloz, D., Rackham, B. V., Savel, A. B., Soubkiou, A., Srdoc, G., Stassun, K. G., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Zambelli, R., Ricker, G., Latham, D. W., Seager, S., Winn, J. N., Jenkins, J. M., Calvario-Velasquez, T., Herrera, J. A. Franco, Colorado, E., Zepeda, E. O. Cadena, Figueroa, L., Watson, A. M., Lugo-Ibarra, E. E., Carigi, L., Guisa, G., Herrera, J., Diaz, G. Sierra, Suarez, J. C., Barrado, D., Batalha, N. M., Benkhaldoun, Z., Chontos, A., Dai, F., Essack, Z., Ghachoui, M., Huang, C. X., Huber, D., Isaacson, H., Lissauer, J. J., Morales-Calderon, M., Robertson, P., Roy, A., Twicken, J. D., Vanderburg, A., and Weiss, L. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the discovery and characterisation of a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting the bright ($K=8.8$), quiet, and nearby (37 pc) M3V dwarf TOI-1266. We validate the planetary nature of TOI-1266 b and c using four sectors of TESS photometry and data from the newly-commissioned 1-m SAINT-EX telescope located in San Pedro M\'artir (Mexico). We also include additional ground-based follow-up photometry as well as high-resolution spectroscopy and high-angular imaging observations. The inner, larger planet has a radius of $R=2.37_{-0.12}^{+0.16}$ R$_{\oplus}$ and an orbital period of 10.9 days. The outer, smaller planet has a radius of $R=1.56_{-0.13}^{+0.15}$ R$_{\oplus}$ on an 18.8-day orbit. The data are found to be consistent with circular, co-planar and stable orbits that are weakly influenced by the 2:1 mean motion resonance. Our TTV analysis of the combined dataset enables model-independent constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the planets. We find planetary masses of $M_\mathrm{p}$ = $13.5_{-9.0}^{+11.0}$ $\mathrm{M_{\oplus}}$ ($<36.8$ $\mathrm{M_{\oplus}}$ at 2-$\sigma$) for TOI-1266 b and $2.2_{-1.5}^{+2.0}$ $\mathrm{M_{\oplus}}$ ($<5.7$ $\mathrm{M_{\oplus}}$ at 2-$\sigma$) for TOI-1266 c. We find small but non-zero orbital eccentricities of $0.09_{-0.05}^{+0.06}$ ($<0.21$ at 2-$\sigma$) for TOI-1266 b and $0.04\pm0.03$ ($<0.10$ at 2-$\sigma$) for TOI-1266 c. The equilibrium temperatures of both planets are of $413\pm20$ K and $344\pm16$ K, respectively, assuming a null Bond albedo and uniform heat redistribution from the day-side to the night-side hemisphere. The host brightness and negligible activity combined with the planetary system architecture and favourable planet-to-star radii ratios makes TOI-1266 an exquisite system for a detailed characterisation., Comment: In press. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics on 20 July 2020
Published: 2020
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36. Dependence of polytetrafluoroethylene reflectance on thickness at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths in air

Author: Ghosh, S., Haefner, J., Martín-Albo, J., Guenette, R., Li, X., Villalpando, A. A. Loya, Burch, C., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González-Díaz, D., Gutiérrez, R. M., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martínez, A., Martínez-Vara, M., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. However, the reflectance of PTFE is a function of its thickness. In this work, we investigate this dependence in air for light of wavelengths 260 nm and 450 nm using two complementary methods. We find that PTFE reflectance for thicknesses from 5 mm to 10 mm ranges from 92.5% to 94.5% at 450 nm, and from 90.0% to 92.0% at 260 nm. We also see that the reflectance of PTFE of a given thickness can vary by as much as 2.7% within the same piece of material. Finally, we show that placing a specular reflector behind the PTFE can recover the loss of reflectance in the visible without introducing a specular component in the reflectance., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2020
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37. Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture

Author: Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Sorel, M., Adams, C., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture ($2\nu ECEC$) has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in $^{78}$Kr, $^{130}$Ba and, recently, $^{124}$Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process, $0\nu ECEC$. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to $^{124}$Xe $2\nu ECEC$ and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the $2\nu ECEC$ signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with $^{124}$Xe-depleted gas as background, we define an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of $^{124}$Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the $2\nu ECEC$ half-life of $6 \times 10^{22}$ y (at 90% confidence level) or better can be reached., Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2020
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38. Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double beta decay searches

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Gosh, S., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Vara, M., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Newhouse, C., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT) searches for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Xe-136 using high-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification. A scaled-up version of this technology with about 1 tonne of enriched xenon could reach in less than 5 years of operation a sensitivity to the half-life of neutrinoless double-beta decay decay better than 1E27 years, improving the current limits by at least one order of magnitude. This prediction is based on a well-understood background model dominated by radiogenic sources. The detector concept presented here represents a first step on a compelling path towards sensitivity to the parameter space defined by the inverted ordering of neutrino masses, and beyond., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2020

39. Double-Differential Inclusive Charged-Current $\nu_\mu$ Cross Sections on Hydrocarbon in MINERvA at $\langle E_{\nu} \rangle \sim$ 3.5 GeV

Author: Filkins, A., Ruterbories, D., Liu, Y., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Altinok, O., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., LeClerc, J., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Wospakrik, M., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: MINERvA reports inclusive charged-current cross sections for muon neutrinos on hydrocarbon in the NuMI beamline. We measured the double-differential cross section in terms of the longitudinal and transverse muon momenta, as well as the single-differential cross sections in those variables. The data used in this analysis correspond to an exposure of $3.34 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target with a peak neutrino energy of approximately 3.5 GeV. Measurements are compared to the GENIE, NuWro and GiBUU neutrino cross-section predictions, as well as a version of GENIE modified to produce better agreement with prior exclusive MINERvA measurements. None of the models or variants were able to successfully reproduce the data across the entire phase space, which includes areas dominated by each interaction channel., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2020
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40. Probing nuclear effects with neutrino-induced charged-current neutral pion production

Author: Coplowe, D., Altinok, O., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Andrade, D. A., Barr, G. D., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Rodrigues, P. A., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Sobczyk, J. T., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Wark, D., Weber, A., Wospakrik, M., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We study neutrino-induced charged-current (CC) $\pi^0$ production on carbon nuclei using events with fully imaged final-state proton-$\pi^0$ systems. Novel use of final-state correlations based on transverse kinematic imbalance enable the first measurements of the struck nucleon's Fermi motion, of the intranuclear momentum transfer (IMT) dynamics, and of the final-state hadronic momentum configuration in neutrino pion production. Event distributions are presented for i) the momenta of neutrino-struck neutrons below the Fermi surface, ii) the direction of missing transverse momentum characterizing the strength of IMT, and iii) proton-pion momentum imbalance with respect to the lepton scattering plane. The observed Fermi motion and IMT strength are compared to the previous MINERvA measurement of neutrino CC quasielastic-like production. The measured shapes and absolute rates of these distributions, as well as the cross-section asymmetries show tensions with predictions from current neutrino generator models., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. v3: PRD-accepted version, with full package of supplemental materials; v4: added 2 missing references; v5: corrected typo in Eq. 8
Published: 2020
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41. Photon-induced desorption of larger species in UV-irradiated methane (CH4) ice

Author: Carrascosa, H., Cruz-Díaz, G. A., Caro, G. M. Muñoz, Dartois, E., and Chen, Y. -J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: At the low temperatures found in the interior of dense clouds and circumstellar regions, along with H$_2$O and smaller amounts of species such as CO, CO$_2$, or CH$_3$OH, the infrared features of CH$_4$ have been observed on icy dust grains. Ultraviolet (UV) photons induce different processes in ice mantles, affecting the molecular abundances detected in the gas-phase. This work aims to understand the processes that occur in a pure CH$_4$ ice mantle submitted to UV irradiation. We studied photon-induced processes for the different photoproducts arising in the ice upon UV irradiation. Experiments were carried out in ISAC, an ultra-high vacuum chamber equipped with a cryostat and an F-type UV-lamp reproducing the secondary UV-field induced by cosmic rays in dense clouds. Infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry were used to monitor the solid and gas-phase, respectively, during the formation, irradiation, and warm-up of the ice. Direct photodesorption of pure CH$_4$ was not observed. UV photons form CH$_x\cdot$ and H$\cdot$ radicals, leading to photoproducts such as H$_2$, C$_2$H$_2$, C$_2$H$_6$, and C$_3$H$_8$. Evidence for the photodesorption of C$_2$H$_2$ and photochemidesorption of C$_2$H$_6$ and C$_3$H$_8$ was found, the latter species is so far the largest molecule found to photochemidesorb. $^{13}$CH$_4$ experiments were also carried out to confirm the reliability of these results.
Published: 2020
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42. Mitigation of Backgrounds from Cosmogenic $^{137}$Xe in Xenon Gas Experiments using $^{3}$He Neutron Capture

Author: Rogers, L., Jones, B. J. P., Laing, A., Pingulkar, S., Woodruff, K., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Dingler, R., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: \Xe{136} is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for \bbnonu. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of \Xe{137} created by the capture of neutrons on \Xe{136}. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 minutes and a \Qb\ of $\sim$4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of \He{3} to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from \Xe{137} activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory.
Published: 2020
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43. High-statistics measurement of neutrino quasielastic-like scattering at <E_nu>=~6 GeV on a hydrocarbon target

Author: Carneiro, M. F., Ruterbories, D., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Akbar, F., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Badgett, W., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bonin, K., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., da Motta, H., Diaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Hahn, D., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Hylen, J., Jena, S., Jena, D., Joe, C., King, B., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., LeClerc, J., Lozano, A., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., McFarland, K. S., McGivern, C. L., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfın, J. G., Murphy, M., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Riehecky, P., Schellman, H., Schlabach, P., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Torretta, D., Wret, C., Yaeggy, B., Yonehara, K., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We measure neutrino charged current quasielastic-like scattering on hydrocarbon at high statistics using the wide-band NuMI beam with neutrino energy peaked at 6 GeV. The double-differential cross section is reported in terms of muon longitudinal and transverse momentum. Cross-section contours versus lepton momentum components are approximately described by a conventional generator-based simulation, however discrepancies are observed for transverse momenta above 0.5 GeV/c for longitudinal momentum ranges 3 to 5 GeV/c and 9 to 20 GeV/c. The single differential cross section versus momentum transfer squared ($d\sigma/dQ_{QE}^2$) is measured over a four-decade range of $Q^2$ that extends to $10~GeV^2$. The cross section turn-over and fall-off in the $Q^2$ range 0.3 to $10~GeV^2$ is not fully reproduced by generator predictions that rely on dipole form factors. Our measurement probes the axial-vector content of the hadronic current and complements the electromagnetic form factor data obtained using electron-nucleon elastic scattering. These results help oscillation experiments because they probe the importance of various correlations and final-state interaction effects within the nucleus, which have different effects on the visible energy in detectors., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2019
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44. Nuclear binding energy and transverse momentum imbalance in neutrino-nucleus reactions

Author: Cai, T., Lu, X. -G., Harewood, L. A., Wret, C., Akbar, F., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Carneiro, M. F., Coplowe, D., da Motta, H., Dar, Zubair Ahmad, Díaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lozano, A., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Nuruzzaman, Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Wark, D., Weber, A., Wospakrik, M., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have measured new observables based on the final state kinematic imbalances in the mesonless production of $\nu_\mu+A\rightarrow\mu^-+p+X$ in the $\text{MINER}\nu\text{A}$ tracker. Components of the muon-proton momentum imbalances parallel ($\delta p_\mathrm{Ty}$) and perpendicular($\delta p_\mathrm{Tx}$) to the momentum transfer in the transverse plane are found to be sensitive to the nuclear effects such as Fermi motion, binding energy and non-QE contributions. The QE peak location in $\delta p_\mathrm{Ty}$ is particularly sensitive to the binding energy. Differential cross sections are compared to predictions from different neutrino interaction models. The Fermi gas models presented in this study cannot simultaneously describe features such as QE peak location, width and the non-QE events contributing to the signal process. Correcting the GENIE's binding energy implementation according to theory causes better agreement with data. Hints of proton left-right asymmetry are observed in $\delta p_\mathrm{Tx}$. Better modeling of the binding energy can reduce bias in neutrino energy reconstruction and these observables can be applied in current and future experiments to better constrain nuclear effects., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures; Added data release file in .root format
Published: 2019
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45. Radio Frequency and DC High Voltage Breakdown of High Pressure Helium, Argon, and Xenon

Author: Woodruff, K., Baeza-Rubio, J., Huerta, D., Jones, B. J. P., McDonald, A. D., Norman, L., Nygren, D. R., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N. K., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss Jr., F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Ghosh, S., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Johnston, S., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Motivated by the possibility of guiding daughter ions from double beta decay events to single-ion sensors for barium tagging, the NEXT collaboration is developing a program of R&D to test radio frequency (RF) carpets for ion transport in high pressure xenon gas. This would require carpet functionality in regimes at higher pressures than have been previously reported, implying correspondingly larger electrode voltages than in existing systems. This mode of operation appears plausible for contemporary RF-carpet geometries due to the higher predicted breakdown strength of high pressure xenon relative to low pressure helium, the working medium in most existing RF carpet devices. In this paper we present the first measurements of the high voltage dielectric strength of xenon gas at high pressure and at the relevant RF frequencies for ion transport (in the 10 MHz range), as well as new DC and RF measurements of the dielectric strengths of high pressure argon and helium gases at small gap sizes. We find breakdown voltages that are compatible with stable RF carpet operation given the gas, pressure, voltage, materials and geometry of interest.
Published: 2019
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46. Measurement of $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ charged-current single $\pi^{-}$ production on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region using MINERvA

Author: Le, T., Akbar, F., Aliaga, L., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Coplowe, D., Dytman, S. A., Díaz, G. A., Felix, 5 J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Fiza, N., Gago, A. M., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfín, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Nuruzzaman, Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramírez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Rimal, D., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Sobczyk, J. T., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Wospakrik, M., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The antineutrino scattering channel $\bar{\nu}_{\mu} \,\text{CH} \rightarrow \mu^{+} \,\pi^{-} \,X$(nucleon(s)) is analyzed in the incident energy range 1.5 to 10 GeV using the MINERvA detector at Fermilab. Differential cross sections are reported as functions of $\mu^{+}$ momentum and production angle, $\pi^{-}$ kinetic energy and production angle, and antineutrino energy and squared four-momentum transfer. Distribution shapes are generally reproduced by simulations based on the GENIE, NuWro, and GiBUU event generators, however GENIE (GiBUU) overestimates (underestimates) the cross-section normalizations by 8% (10%). Comparisons of data with the GENIE-based reference simulation probe conventional treatments of cross sections and pion intranuclear rescattering. The distribution of non-track vertex energy is used to decompose the signal sample into reaction categories, and cross sections are determined for the exclusive reactions $\mu^{+} \pi^{-} n$ and $ \mu^+ \pi^{-} p$. A similar treatment applied to the published MINERvA sample $\bar{\nu}_{\mu} \,\text{CH} \rightarrow \mu^{+} \,\pi^{0} \,X$(nucleon(s)) has determined the $\mu^{+} \pi^{0} n$ cross section, and the latter is used with $\sigma(\pi^{-} n)$ and $\sigma(\pi^{-} p)$ to carry out an isospin decomposition of $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced CC($\pi$). The ratio of magnitudes and relative phase for isospin amplitudes $A_{3}$ and $A_{1}$ thereby obtained are: $R^{\bar{\nu}} = 0.99 \pm 0.19$ and $\phi^{\bar{\nu}} = 93^{\circ} \pm 7^{\circ}$. Our results are in agreement with bubble chamber measurements made four decades ago., Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2019
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47. Low-diffusion Xe-He gas mixtures for rare-event detection: Electroluminescence Yield

Author: Fernandes, A. F. M., Henriques, C. A. O., Mano, R. D. P., González-Díaz, D., Azevedo, C. D. R., Silva, P. A. O. C., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Freitas, E. D. C., Fernandes, L. M. P., Monteiro, C. M. B., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carríon, J. V., Cebrían, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, J., Díaz, G., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Psihas, F., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: High pressure xenon Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification are being proposed for rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The discrimination of the rare event through the topological signature of primary ionisation trails is a major asset for this type of TPC when compared to single liquid or double-phase TPCs, limited mainly by the high electron diffusion in pure xenon. Helium admixtures with xenon can be an attractive solution to reduce the electron diffusion significantly, improving the discrimination efficiency of these optical TPCs. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe-He mixtures, in the range of 0 to 30% He and demonstrated the small impact on the EL yield of the addition of helium to pure xenon. For a typical reduced electric field of 2.5 kV/cm/bar in the scintillation region, the EL yield is lowered by ~ 2%, 3%, 6% and 10% for 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of helium concentration, respectively. This decrease is less than what has been obtained from the most recent simulation framework in the literature. The impact of the addition of helium on EL statistical fluctuations is negligible, within the experimental uncertainties. The present results are an important benchmark for the simulation tools to be applied to future optical TPCs based on Xe-He mixtures.
Published: 2019

48. Constraint of the MINERvA Medium Energy Neutrino Flux using Neutrino-Electron Elastic Scattering

Author: Valencia, E., Jena, D., Nuruzzaman, Akbar, F., Aliaga, L., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Bodek, A., Bonilla, J. L., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Chaves, J., Coplowe, D., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Diaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Fiza, N., Gago, A. M., Galindo, R., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Golan, T., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGowan, A. M., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfin, J. G., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Olivier, A., Paolone, V., Park, J., Perdue, G. N., Ramirez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Rimal, D., Rodrigues, P. A., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Yaeggy, B., and Zazueta, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Elastic neutrino scattering on electrons is a precisely-known purely leptonic process that provides a standard candle for measuring neutrino flux in conventional neutrino beams. Using a total sample of 810 neutino-electron scatters after background subtraction, the measurement reduces the normalization uncertainty on the muon neutrino NuMI flux between 2 and 20 GeV from 7.5% to 3.9%. This is the most precise measurement of neutrino-electron scattering to date, will reduce uncertainties on MINERvA's absolute cross section measurements, and demonstrates a technique that can be used in future neutrino beams such as LBNF., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures. Final accepted version, including ancillary files with flux data tables. Ancillary data files updated October 2021 to include the neutrino-electron measured event rate and covariance
Published: 2019
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49. Tuning the GENIE Pion Production Model with MINERvA Data

Author: Stowell, P., Pickering, L., Wilkinson, C., Wret, C. V. C., Akbar, F., Andrade, D. A., Ascencio, M. V., Bellantoni, L., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M., Bodek, A., Bravar, A., Budd, H., Caceres, G., Cai, T., Carneiro, M. F., Chaves, J., da Motta, H., Dytman, S. A., Dıaz, G. A., Felix, J., Fields, L., Filkins, A., Fine, R., Fiza, N., Galindo, R., Gallagher, H., Ghosh, A., Gran, R., Harris, D. A., Henry, S., Jena, S., Jena, D., Kleykamp, J., Kordosky, M., Last, D., Le, T., Lu, X. -G., Maher, E., Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Marshall, C. M., McFarland, K. S., Messerly, B., Miller, J., Morfın, J. G., Mousseau, J., Naples, D., Nelson, J. K., Nguyen, C., Norrick, A., Nuruzzaman, Paolone, V., Perdue, G. N., Ramırez, M. A., Ransome, R. D., Ray, H., Rimal, D., Rodrigues, P. A., Ruterbories, D., Schellman, H., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Su, H., Sultana, M., Syrotenko, V. S., Valencia, E., Wolcott, J., Wospakrik, M., Yaeggy, B., Zazueta, L., and Zhang, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Faced with unresolved tensions between neutrino interaction measurements at few-GeV neutrino energies, current experiments are forced to accept large systematic uncertainties to cover discrepancies between their data and model predictions. In this paper, the widely used pion production model in GENIE is compared to four MINERvA charged current pion production measurements using NUISANCE. Tunings, ie, adjustments of model parameters, to help match GENIE to MINERvA and older bubble chamber data are presented here. We find that scattering off nuclear targets as measured in MINERvA is not in good agreement with scattering off nucleon (hydrogen or deuterium) targets in the bubble chamber data. An additional ad hoc correction for the low-$Q^2$ region, where collective effects are expected to be large, is also presented. While these tunings and corrections improve the agreement of GENIE with the data, the modeling is imperfect. The development of these tunings within the NUISANCE frameworkallows for straightforward extensions to other neutrino event generators and models, and allows omitting and including new data sets as they become available.
Published: 2019
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50. Electron Drift and Longitudinal Diffusion in High Pressure Xenon-Helium Gas Mixtures

Author: McDonald, A. D., Woodruff, K., Atoum, B. Al, González-Díaz, D., Jones, B. J. P., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Johnston, S., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., MuñozVidal, J., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report new measurements of the drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion coefficients of electrons in pure xenon gas and in xenon-helium gas mixtures at 1-9 bar and electric field strengths of 50-300 V/cm. In pure xenon we find excellent agreement with world data at all $E/P$, for both drift velocity and diffusion coefficients. However, a larger value of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient than theoretical predictions is found at low $E/P$ in pure xenon, below the range of reduced fields usually probed by TPC experiments. A similar effect is observed in xenon-helium gas mixtures at somewhat larger $E/P$. Drift velocities in xenon-helium mixtures are found to be theoretically well predicted. Although longitudinal diffusion in xenon-helium mixtures is found to be larger than anticipated, extrapolation based on the measured longitudinal diffusion coefficients suggest that the use of helium additives to reduce transverse diffusion in xenon gas remains a promising prospect.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

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