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Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Hasta el 60% de los neonatos hospitalizados pueden desarrollar una dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia (DAI). El objetivo fue adaptar al contexto español la escala Clinical Evaluation Scale for Characterization of the Severity of Diaper Dermatitis y averiguar la magnitud nacional de la DAI en neonatos hospitalizados. Metodología: Adaptación transcultural y validez de contenido. Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico de incidencia de dermatitis del pañal en unidades de hospitalización y cuidados intensivos neonatales de 6 hospitales españoles. Resultados: Se obtuvo un índice de validez de contenido de 0,869 para el total de la escala (IC 95%: 0,742-0,939). Se incluyen un total de 196 neonatos. Se obtuvo una incidencia acumulada de DAI del 32,1% (9,1% leves-moderadas, 8% moderadas y 1,6% graves). La tasa de incidencia fue de 2,2 DAI por cada 100 neonatos/día de ingreso. El pH de las heces

Traditions are cultural heritages, habits, knowledge, customs and behaviors that are passed from generation to generation and from society to society. In all societies, children are seen as the future of society. Knowledge from traditions is used in raising children. Traditional practices are often used for children in cases such as breastfeeding, salting, diaper rash, diarrhea and jaundice. The aim of this study is to determine traditional practices used in the treatment of children with diaper dermatitis. The research was conducted descriptively between June and August 2023. 81 children with diaper dermatitis were included in the sample. In the study conducted in a single stage, data were collected with a personal information form and Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants Scale. The age of the children was 16.12 ± 0.97 months and the average score of the Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants Scale was 2.55 ± 0.14. It was determined that approximately half of the mothers received training on diaper dermatitis. It was determined that during diaper dermatitis, mothers used barrier cream containing zinc oxide at most 38.3% as a modern method, and olive oil at most 35.8% as a traditional method. It was determined that traditional methods that do not harm health are generally used in children with diaper dermatitis. It is important to inform mothers and healthcare professionals about traditional practices for children and to support practices that do not negatively affect health. • Knowledge from traditions is used in raising children. • Traditional practices are often used for children in cases such as breastfeeding, diaper rash, diarrhea and jaundice. • Education of mothers is important in the prevention and care of diaper dermatitis. • In children with diaper dermatitis, traditional methods such as olive oil, which does not harm health, are usually used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to ascertain the impact of topical breast milk and diaper-area care instruction on the prevention of diaper dermatitis in rural settings. This was a pre-test–post-test experimental study with forty-eight 6–18-month-old children and their mothers. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: two experimental groups (Group A: breast milk, Group B: education) and one control group (Group C). Data were collected face-to-face through home-visits. A sociodemographic data and diaper-area care practices form and The Scale for Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants were used for data collection. There was a statistically significant difference between children who used breast milk application to prevent dermatitis compared to children whose parents received diaper-area care education and a control group (p = 0.002). It was determined that topical breast milk application and diaper-area care education given to mothers were effective in preventing diaper dermatitis, and the application of breast milk was found to be safe and more effective than education. These findings highlight the need for education, information and practical solutions to prevent and appropriately treat diaper dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tocopherol is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby reducing erythema, edema, and skin irritation, which are the main pathologies observed in diaper dermatitis. Objective To compare the effect of local application of a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol in the treatment of infant diaper dermatitis with plain 10% zinc oxide. Methods A single-centric, prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 18 months where all children aged <1 year newly diagnosed with diaper dermatitis were selected. They were divided into two groups; one group received only 10% zinc oxide, while the other group received a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol for local application. Patients were assessed for rash dimensions, severity score of diaper dermatitis, and pH of the rash prior to starting treatment and at the end of 5 days. Statistical analysis was done using students paired two-tailed T-test. Results Out of 115 infants with diaper dermatitis, 88 were included in our study. The decrease in rash dimensions was greater in the study group (P=0.004). A mean diaper dermatitis severity score of 1.96 (SD 0.76) cm in the study group was noted on day five of the assessment (P<0.001). Conclusion The healing process in diaper dermatitis is accelerated when a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol is used. This study supports the evidence of expediting healing by tocopherol, which can be considered in treatment recommendations for diaper dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tocopherol is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby reducing erythema, edema, and skin irritation, which are the main pathologies observed in diaper dermatitis. Objective To compare the effect of local application of a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol in the treatment of infant diaper dermatitis with plain 10% zinc oxide. Methods A single-centric, prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 18 months where all children aged

Xue-Er Zhang,1 Pai Zheng,1 Sheng-Zhen Ye,1,2 Xiao Ma,3 E Liu,1 Yao-Bin Pang,1 Qing-Ying He,1 Yu-Xiao Zhang,1 Wen-Quan Li,1 Jin-Hao Zeng,4 Jing Guo2 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China; 4TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Guo, Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, 610072, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 6610072, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 18980880167, Email Guojing66@cdutcm.edu.cn Jin-Hao Zeng, TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, 610072, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 6610072, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 15999931573, Email zengjinhao@cdutcm.edu.cnAbstract: As the body’s largest organ, the skin harbors a highly diverse microbiota, playing a crucial role in resisting foreign pathogens, nurturing the immune system, and metabolizing natural products. The dysregulation of human skin microbiota is implicated in immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses. This review delineates the microbial alterations and immune dysregulation features in common Inflammatory Skin Diseases (ISDs) such as psoriasis, rosacea, atopic dermatitis(AD), seborrheic dermatitis(SD), diaper dermatitis(DD), and Malassezia folliculitis(MF).The skin microbiota, a complex and evolving community, undergoes changes in composition and function that can compromise the skin microbial barrier. These alterations induce water loss and abnormal lipid metabolism, contributing to the onset of ISDs. Additionally, microorganisms release toxins, like Staphylococcus aureus secreted α toxins and proteases, which may dissolve the stratum corneum, impairing skin barrier function and allowing entry into the bloodstream. Microbes entering the bloodstream activate molecular signals, leading to immune disorders and subsequent skin inflammatory responses. For instance, Malassezia stimulates dendritic cells(DCs) to release IL-12 and IL-23, differentiating into a Th17 cell population and producing proinflammatory mediators such as IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, and IFN-α.This review offers new insights into the role of the human skin microbiota in ISDs, paving the way for future skin microbiome-specific targeted therapies.Keywords: skin microbiota, inflammatory skin diseases, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, psoriasis, diaper dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis

الملخص: أهداف البحث: التهاب الجلد الناتج عن الحفاظ هو أحد أكثر الأمراض الجلدية شيوعا لدى الأطفال. الأدوية شائعة الاستخدام للعلاج لها العديد من الآثار الجانبية، مما يفرض الحاجة إلى تقييم استراتيجيات علاجية آمنة. لذلك، فإننا نهدف إلى مقارنة فعالية زيت الأرغان سبينوزا ومرهم الهيدروكورتيزون 1٪ على شفاء التهاب الجلد الحفاظي. طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في الأردن على أطفال تتراوح أعمارهم بين عامين أو أقل يعانون من التهاب الجلد الحفاظي الخفيف إلى الشديد. في البداية، تم تسجيل 73 مشاركا في مجموعة زيت الأرغان سبينوزا و 74 مشاركا في مجموعة مرهم الهيدروكورتيزون 1 ٪. تم تعيينهم بشكل عشوائي، بعد إجراء القياس الأساسي لالتهاب الجلد الحفاظي. تم قياس الشفاء في الأيام 1و3 و 7 من خلال الزيارات المنزلية، باستخدام مقياس تصنيف مكون من 5 نقاط. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام نماذج فيشر، مان ويتني يو، ومعادلات التقدير المعممة من خلال برنامج اس بي اس اس الإصدار 25. النتائج: من بين 147 طفلا تم تسجيلهم، أكمل 140 منهم الدراسة. لوحظ انخفاض في درجات التهاب الجلد الحفاظي في كلا المجموعتين. بعد استبعاد العوامل المربكة، كشفت نماذج معادلات التقدير المعممة أن الأطفال الذين استخدموا علاج زيت الأرغان سبينوزا كانوا أقل عرضة بنسبة 25 مرة للإصابة بدرجات التهاب الجلد الحفاظي الحاد وتحسنوا بشكل أسرع من الأطفال الذين استخدموا الهيدروكورتيزون 1٪. كشف الانحدار اللوجستي المتعدد على بيانات خط الأساس أن استخدام كريم الحاجز وتكرار الاستحمام مرة واحدة في الأسبوع كانت تنبؤية بحدوث التهاب الجلد الحفاظي. الاستنتاجات: يعتبر زيت الأرغان سبينوزا أكثر فعالية في علاج التهاب الجلد الحفاظي ويمكن استخدامه كخيار تكميلي. ومع ذلك، ستكون التجارب السريرية الإضافية على عينات أكبر ضرورية لتأكيد النتيجة وإصدار حكم موثوق. Abstract: Objectives: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common dermatological disorders in children. Commonly used drugs for treatment have several adverse effects; therefore, assessment of safe therapeutic strategies is necessary. We, therefore, aimed at comparing the efficacy of argan spinosa oil and 1% hydrocortisone ointment on DD healing. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Jordan on children 2 years old or younger with mild to severe DD. Initially, 73 participants were enrolled in the argan spinosa oil group, and 74 participants were enrolled in the 1% hydrocortisone ointment group. Participants were assigned to groups randomly after the baseline measurement of DD. Healing was measured on a 5-point scale on days 1, 3, and 7, through home visits. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models in SPSS version 25 software, with a significance level of p

Background: Research has shown that the bioactive components in human milk could demonstrate efficacy when applied topically. One common neonatal skin issue is diaper dermatitis (DD). DD treatment and prevention guidelines often lack the inclusion of topical human milk as a viable option. Purpose: To analyze the safety and efficacy of topical human milk application as a means to support future research of human milk as a topical treatment for DD. Data Sources: Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane. Study Selection: The search was limited to articles published between 2011 and 2023 in the English language. Disqualifying characteristics included nonhuman subjects, literature reviews, inability to obtain articles, and non-peerreviewed articles. Data Extraction: For Google Scholar, the search terms "human milk OR breast milk" and "topical" were used. For CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane, the search terms "human milk OR chest milk OR breast milk OR donor milk" and "topical" were used. Quantitative significance was defined by a P value of less than .05. Results: The search yielded 20 articles. The results of the review demonstrate that topical human milk application is a safe and effective topical treatment to skin integrity/inflammatory issues such as DD. It also identified that caregivers will likely show positive regard to the treatment, promoting its acceptance. Implications for Practice and Research: The results provide evidence to support methodologic development for human milk application for the prevention and treatment of DD. Further studies can use the results to develop protocols that investigate the effects of human milk application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En Hyung Kim,1,2 Jun Su Park,1,2 Ji Su Lee,2 Ji Yeoun Lee1,2 1Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea; 2Department of Dermatology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South KoreaCorrespondence: Ji Yeoun Lee, Department of Dermatology, College of medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea, Tel +82-43-269-6385, Fax +82-43-266-1698, Email jyl@chungbuk.ac.krAbstract: Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules is a reaction to irritation usually associated with urostomies. We report a case of perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules in an elderly patient who developed a characteristic diaper dermatitis after infrequent diaper change. The perianal papulonodular lesions improved after saline wet dressing and topical steroid application. These perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules indicate a unique type of irritant diaper dermatitis, which can be distinguished from Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis and granuloma gluteale adultorum. Identifying this condition is important because pseudoverrucous papules and nodules can resemble more serious dermatoses, leading to unnecessary investigations being carried out.Keywords: diaper dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis, granuloma gluteale adultorum

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to summarize and evaluate the empirical evidence on the measurement properties of diaper dermatitis (DD) measurement instruments in children. Design Systematic review. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE were systematically searched until 14 June 2021. Citation searching was conducted in Scopus. The risk of bias, the reported measurement properties and the quality of evidence were evaluated using the COSMIN framework. The reporting follows the PRISMA 2020 statement. Results We identified 1200 records in the databases and 108 records during citation searching and included four studies describing three measurement instruments for DD in children and their measurement properties. We considered the content validity inconsistent for all three instruments. The study authors reported internal consistency, reliability and construct validity for one instrument. We rated the quality of evidence from very low to moderate.

Background: Diaper Dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent skin condition among infants. In recent times, various complementary skin-care approaches have been recommended, including alternatives like sunflower oil and human breast milk. Despite these natural options, certain chemical formulations persist in use, posing potential harm or providing little benefit. Aim: To evaluate the effect of topical application of mothers' breast milk versus barrier cream on healing of diaper dermatitis in infants. Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial design was used. Subjects: A purposive sample of 62 infants and their mothers were included. Setting: The study was conducted at the Pediatric Clinic affiliated to El-Fardoos Primary Health Care Center at Mansoura city, Egypt. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection: A structured questionnaire sheet for infants and their mothers and severity scale for DD were used for data collection. Results: Mild to moderate pre-lesion scores were comparable between both groups with no statistically significant difference. The post-lesion scores on the 7th day for the breast milk group were significantly different from the barrier cream group (p=0.005). Conclusion: Breast milk delivers more effective results than barrier cream, in the treatment of infants with mild to moderate DD. Recommendations: The study recommends developing a standardized protocol for the application of breast milk, for the prevention and treatment of DD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aims of this study was to validate adapt and evaluate a scale for assessing the severity of uncomplicated diaper dermatitis for infants in Turkey. Material and Methods: The scale's items assess severity of erythema and irritation, extent of diaper dermatitis, papules and pustules, and open skin. Analysis was based on a convenience sample of 150 participants in Turkey. Results: The rate of using wet wipes for babies' bottom care was significantly high among the parents, accounting for 90.7 %. The content validity index of the scale was .98. The item-total score correlation values ranged from .725 to .898, and the Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was .81. Conclusion: As a result of the analyzes and evaluations, the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish society. It may advisable to use the scale in studies of the severity of diaper dermatitis in infants. Strengths and limitations as well as practical applications and implications of the scale for research were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to summarize and evaluate the empirical evidence on the measurement properties of diaper dermatitis (DD) measurement instruments in children. Design: Systematic review. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE were systematically searched until 14 June 2021. Citation searching was conducted in Scopus. The risk of bias, the reported measurement properties and the quality of evidence were evaluated using the COSMIN framework. The reporting follows the PRISMA 2020 statement. Results: We identified 1200 records in the databases and 108 records during citation searching and included four studies describing three measurement instruments for DD in children and their measurement properties. We considered the content validity inconsistent for all three instruments. The study authors reported internal consistency, reliability and construct validity for one instrument. We rated the quality of evidence from very low to moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ismail Yildiz,1 Ozgur Kizilca,2 Aysen Haksayar,2 Zeynep Hizli Demirkale3 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey; 2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirda&gbreve; Nam&inodot;k Kemal University, Tekirda&gbreve;, Turkey; 3Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyCorrespondence: Ismail Yildiz, Email drismail810@yahoo.comBackground: Diaper dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in early childhood. The prevalence of diaper dermatitis varies between 7% and 35% depending on population and age groups. There may be some differences among the pediatricians about treatment approaches to this common skin condition.Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management strategies of pediatricians for diaper dermatitis.Methods: The questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2021. The questionnaire which contained 21 items aimed to investigate the approaches of pediatricians to diaper dermatitis treatment, follow-up and prevention strategies.Results: A total of 217 pediatricians (59.4% female, median age 40.0 years) practicing in 32 different provinces of Turkey completed the questionnaire. The most preferred medical treatments in the first visit of children with diaper dermatitis, in respect of frequency, were zinc oxide, panthenol/dexpanthenol, and hamamelis virginiana extract (70.9%, 36.9%, 33.6% respectively). If there was no response to the first-line treatment in the control examination, the treatment was rearranged by adding an antifungal creams, topical low-potency corticosteroids, and/or high concentration zinc oxide creams (67.7%, 57.6%, 28.6%, respectively). Most cases were referred to a dermatologist if these treatments were not effective in the control visits of patients.Conclusion: Although pediatricians often prefer topical barrier creams for the treatment of diaper dermatitis, options may change depending on the severity of the lesions or the treatment response to the first-line topical treatments.Keywords: antifungal cream, diaper dermatitis, pediatrics, zinc oxide

ObjectivesTo compare prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) in infants and toddlers (babies) across three countries (China, USA, and Germany), including diapered skin measures and caregiver practices.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1791 babies (~600 from each country) was recruited at each clinical site. Based on regional toilet-training habits, exclusively diaper-wearing infants were recruited between ages 2-8 months in China and 2-18 months in the USA and Germany. DD was measured, as well as skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and relative humidity (RH) in the diapered region. Caregiver habits were collected via a questionnaire and included information on hygienic practices.ResultsDiaper dermatitis was highest in the perianal area, followed by the intertriginous, genital, and buttock regions. In general, DD was significantly lower in babies in China, highest in Germany, and intermediate in the USA. This rank ordering of DD by geography was also observed in baby age 2-8 months. The lower DD observed in China was associated with lower skin pH and TEWL on diapered skin and decreased RH in the diaper. Chinese caregivers had the highest rate of prophylactic topical product usage, the most robust cleaning of the diapered area, lack of cleansing after urine-only diaper changes, and Chinese infants spent the least time in an overnight diaper.ConclusionsThese data suggest caregiver behaviors including prophylactic use of topical products, thorough cleaning after stooling and reduced time in an overnight diaper are associated with less DD, lower superficial skin pH, and enhanced skin barrier.

Burns to the buttocks of a child are highly concerning for child abuse unless there is a clear history to support an alternative diagnosis. We report two cases of severe erosive diaper dermatitis presenting as buttocks and perineal burns caused by prolonged exposure to diarrheal stool. These cases underscore the importance of making the right diagnosis to avoid the undue psychosocial stress to families that comes with a mistaken diagnosis of inflicted injury, and further add to our understanding of diarrheal contact burns in the absence of laxative use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a nomogram model for individualized prediction of diaper dermatitis in pediatric hospitalized infants and toddlers aged 1–36 months. Diaper dermatitis is a common skin health problem in pediatrics, which brings pain and discomfort to the child. However, there is a scarcity of risk prediction tools for diaper dermatitis in infants and toddlers hospitalized in pediatrics. A cross-sectional study. 210 cases each for caregivers and hospitalized children aged 1–36 months were selected as the research objects. A prediction nomogram model was established based on the risk factors according to the results of univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance of the nomogram model was evaluated by discrimination and calibration. The clinical utility of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis. This study was reported using the TRIPOD checklist. 41 hospitalized children with diaper dermatitis with a prevalence of 19.52%. The risk factors included: age in months, diarrhea, history of diaper dermatitis, without prophylactic application of buttock protection products, frequency of diaper change per day ≤6.6 times, and the level of caregivers' knowledge of infantile diaper dermatitis. The results showed that the C-index of the nomogram model was 0.891(95% CI: 0.832, 0.950), the calibration curve manifested a satisfactory consistency, and the net benefit was satisfactory. The nomogram has a good predictive ability and satisfactory clinical utility, which is useful for pediatric medical staff screening high-risk patients with diaper dermatitis. The prediction nomogram model can help pediatric medical staff to calculate the risk probability of diaper dermatitis in pediatrics, formulate interventions timely, and optimize pediatric DD standardized care protocols. the children's caregivers enrolled in this study only for the data collection. • Diaper dermatitis can not be ignored in pediatric infants and toddlers. • The visual prediction nomogram model is useful for pediatric medical staff screening high-risk children with diaper dermatitis. • Identification of risk factors for the development of diaper dermatitis in infants and toddlers hospitalized in pediatrics is the basis for the construction of a DD risk prediction model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) is very common in infants and usually managed by the caregiver. Dexpanthenol‐containing ointment (DCO) is a decades‐long established product that has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in the treatment and prevention of infant IDD in controlled clinical settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DCO in the treatment of infant IDD from the perspective of the caregiver by collecting data not explored in clinical trials, such as infant quality of life and the speed of action. Methods: A retrospective observational real‐world data (RWD) study was conducted with French adult caregivers who had used a DCO to treat IDD in their infants within the past 6 months and consented to participate to the study completed a web‐based survey answering questions regarding the severity of their infants' symptoms (intensity/extent of redness and discomfort, rated using Likert scales) before and after DCO application. The speed of onset of symptom relief and product acceptability were also collected. Results: A total of 500 caregivers of 564 infants completed the survey. Of these, 80% reported that DCO visibly treats IDD. In terms of speed of action, 83% declared that the first signs of symptom relief appeared after 1 day of application and 78% reported full symptom resolution within 2 days of application. Additionally, ≥77% of caregivers agreed that DCO provided overnight relief from the discomfort caused by IDD and reduced sleep disturbance in their children. Finally, 85% of caregivers declared being satisfied with the product overall and considered the product pleasant to use. Conclusion: This evidence from caregivers' experience confirms that DCO can be considered an adequate medication to self‐manage IDD episode as it provides rapid relief of the signs and symptoms of inflammation, while by being pleasant to be use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaper (irritative) dermatitis is commonly encountered in pediatric practice. In severe cases, unusual lesions could mimic other vulvar dermatoses or sexually transmitted infections. A 4-year-old female refugee with urinary and fecal incontinence was referred for medicolegal evaluation (concern for childhood sexual abuse) due to presence of diffuse vulvar, perineal, and perianal lesions. Evaluation and histology were consistent with pseudoverrucous papules and nodules. Resolution occurred following frequent diaper changes and application of a protective ointment. Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules are a rare complication of irritative diaper dermatitis with variable appearance. Urinary or fecal incontinence are primary risk factors that should raise suspicion among clinicians when atypical genital or buttocks lesions appear. Biopsy is not always necessary but could be warranted when the diagnosis is uncertain or if childhood sexual abuse is suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document discusses the traditional approach of using water versus wipes to prevent diaper dermatitis in newborns and infants. It highlights the anatomical differences in infant skin that make them more susceptible to irritants found in wipes and abrasive diaper materials. While wipes offer convenience, research suggests that water and gentle cleansing methods may be more effective in preventing diaper rash, especially in regions where water is predominantly used for diaper cleansing. Ultimately, the choice of cleansing method should consider individual circumstances, cultural practices, and available resources to minimize irritants and allergens in the diaper environment. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background and Aims Irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) is very common in infants and usually managed by the caregiver. Dexpanthenol‐containing ointment (DCO) is a decades‐long established product that has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in the treatment and prevention of infant IDD in controlled clinical settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DCO in the treatment of infant IDD from the perspective of the caregiver by collecting data not explored in clinical trials, such as infant quality of life and the speed of action. Methods A retrospective observational real‐world data (RWD) study was conducted with French adult caregivers who had used a DCO to treat IDD in their infants within the past 6 months and consented to participate to the study completed a web‐based survey answering questions regarding the severity of their infants' symptoms (intensity/extent of redness and discomfort, rated using Likert scales) before and after DCO application. The speed of onset of symptom relief and product acceptability were also collected. Results A total of 500 caregivers of 564 infants completed the survey. Of these, 80% reported that DCO visibly treats IDD. In terms of speed of action, 83% declared that the first signs of symptom relief appeared after 1 day of application and 78% reported full symptom resolution within 2 days of application. Additionally, ≥77% of caregivers agreed that DCO provided overnight relief from the discomfort caused by IDD and reduced sleep disturbance in their children. Finally, 85% of caregivers declared being satisfied with the product overall and considered the product pleasant to use. Conclusion This evidence from caregivers' experience confirms that DCO can be considered an adequate medication to self‐manage IDD episode as it provides rapid relief of the signs and symptoms of inflammation, while by being pleasant to be use.

We herein present a 4 year-old boy with Waardenburg-Shah syndrome who developed Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis following a total colectomy and ileoanal anastomosis procedure for Hirschsprung disease. The diagnosis was made according to history and typical clinical findings. Complete resolution of the recalcitrant lesions after an ileostomy procedure supported the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of being familiar with the predisposing factors and clinical presentation of this rare and severe form of chronic irritant dermatitis, since it may easily be misdiagnosed as other diseases in children and may lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures, treatments, and anxiety due to suspicion of child abuse.

Tjitrowati Djaafar,1 Nurseha S Djaafar2 1Department of Sanitation, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu, Indonesia; 2Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado, Manado, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Tjitrowati Djaafar, Department of Sanitation, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Thalua Konchi Street Number 09, North Palu, Palu City, Center of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Email tjitrowatidjaafar@gmail.com

Objective: This review looks at novel combinations of topical agents (i.e., zinc gluconate, zinc oxide, dexpanthenol, and taurine) that target a combination of mechanisms in diaper dermatitis. Methods: A literature search of published studies was conducted using the search terms “diaper dermatitis”, “treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants”, “treatment of diaper dermatitis in adults”, “nonsteroidal”, “nonantibiotic”, “antiinflammatory”, “moisturizer”, and “treatment for irritation”. A total of 207 related articles were screened, and those categorized as clinical trials and reviews were studied and compared. Articles with common themes were categorized, summarized, and presented herein. Results: Diaper dermatitis, also referred to as diaper rash, napkin dermatitis, and nappy rash, is the most common skin eruption in infants and toddlers. In the last several years, there have been several technologic advances in diaper design to lessen the severity of diaper dermatitis symptoms. However, due to the unique environment of the diaper area, children and adults continue to have recurring symptoms of diaper dermatitis. Both commercially available products and certain home remedies are considered effective for managing sensitive and delicate skin in the diaper area. These topical agents create a protective barrier over the skin and reduce the impact of external irritants, which cause the reddening and burning sensation often associated with diaper dermatitis. Conclusion: A range of therapeutic strategies for preventing and controlling diaper dermatitis are summarized in this manuscript.

Infantile anogenital digitate keratoses (IADK) represent a distinct and under‐recognized pediatric condition of the perianal area of infants, significantly more frequent in males than females. The average age of onset is 3.2 months, and it is self‐remitting by 2 years of age. Perianal spiny keratoses resistant to usual topical therapies are the hallmark of IADK. We present a series of three cases of IADK seen at the dermatology clinic of the CHU Sainte‐Justine to raise awareness on this pediatric condition, and to prevent invasive workup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is a significant problem in the care of newborns, infants, and young children and good recognition of signs and symptoms optimises timely treatment. There is also a need for a standardised set of related descriptors to enable communication between health care providers about diagnosis and treatment. The study aimed to review the literature for descriptive words to define the clinical signs, symptoms, and characteristics, including anatomical locations and assessment scales or tools, in the newborn, infants and young children population who have been diagnosed with DD. A systematic review process utilising PRISMA guidelines [ 1 ] was conducted using advanced search techniques to analyse the terms from the database thesauri and keywords. Data bases including Ovid MEDLINE® and Epub Ahead of Print, in-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions® were searched from 1946 to March 18, 2021. Cochrane Handbook Searching for and selecting studies were used as a guide and as best practice to conduct the search. Of the 551 publications originally identified, 55 full text publications were examined and 21 met the inclusion criteria. The wide range of descriptors used in the literature for DD supports the need for a clearer approach to report the signs and symptoms, and the severity, of DD. These findings point to gaps in the literature, both in recording signs and symptoms of DD and features such as wetness, infection, anatomical location, severity and pain in newborns, infants, and young children. There is a need to develop a robust methodological tool to bridge the gap and link a common terminology on signs and symptoms to support diagnosis of the severity of DD. • A robust need to develop a methodological tool uniting commonality of the signs and symptoms of Diaper Dermatitis. • Further research is needed to establish a clearer language bundle to describe the characteristics of Diaper Dermatitis. • Outcomes of this scoping review identifies inconsistency in the terms used in both signs and symptoms of Diaper Dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common cutaneous diagnosis in infancy that affects almost every child during the early months of their life time; most cases are associated with the yeast colonization of Candida or DD candidiasis and some dermatophytes. It is an irritating and inflammatory acute dermatitis in the perineal and perianal areas resulting from the occlusion and irritation caused by diapers. The study aimed to assess the association between Candida species and some dermatophytes in infants with napkin dermatitis and determine the prevalence of DD in relation with yeast (Candida) colonization and identify common Candida spp. which is responsible for Candida (fungal) DD among infants. Data from 210 infants aged between (0 and 18) months are collected from January to August 2018 in Raparin Hospital in Erbil City. The cases include 113 (53.80%) male infants and 97 (46.19%) female infants and diagnosed with DD. Results of 210 infant with diaper rash participated in this study. 188 (89.52%) were positive for Candida spp. and Dermatophytes (molds). From the total yeast number, Candida albicans was the most predominant species accounting 128 (84.21%), while 24 (15.78%) were non-albicans and dermatophyte molds among which Malassezias spp that accounted 26 (13.83%) and 10 (5.32%), respectively. The percentage of misdiagnosed cases was 9 (4.28%). Infants at age group 6–12 months showed high frequency with diaper rash 127 (60.47%). The prevalence of DD is higher in urban 120 (57.14%) than rural area 90 (42.85%). Furthermore, high prevalence DD found in hot season than colds was 121 (64.36%) and 67 (35.63%), respectively. In conclusion, I found that there are high association between DD with Candida spp. and dermatophytes and Candida albicans is a common invader of all types of napkin eruption.

The skin of newborns and infants is characterized by structural and functional immaturity. Diaper dermatitis is one of the most common skin conditions in this age period. This condition has a complex and multifactorial etiology. The interaction of several causes, including high humidity under the diaper, skin maceration, and prolonged contact with irritants, leads to destruction of the immature epidermal barrier, microbial invasion, and inflammation. Diaper dermatitis should be differentiated from allergic contact dermatitis, candidiasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis. Effective measures to prevent diaper dermatitis are to keep the skin dry, reduce friction, limit the time of contact with urine and feces, as well as the topical application of protective products. Today, of all the disposable diapers on the market, the high quality disposable diapers developed and produced by the Japanese company KAO Corporation are proven effective in preventing diaper dermatitis.

Diaper rash, mainly occurring as erythema and itching in the diaper area, causes considerable distress to infants and toddlers. Increasing evidence suggests that an unequal distribution of microorganisms on the skin contributes to the development of diaper dermatitis. Probiotic bacteria, like Staphylococcus epidermidis , are crucial for maintaining a healthy balance in the skin's microbiome, among others, through their fermentative metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Using a defined prebiotic as a carbon source (e.g., as part of the diaper formulation) can selectively trigger the fermentation of probiotic bacteria. A proper material choice can reduce diaper rash incidence by diminishing the skin exposure to wetness and faeces. Using 3D printing, we fabricated carbon-rich materials for the top sheet layer of baby diapers that enhance the probiotic activity of S. epidermidis. The developed materials' printability, chemical composition, swelling ability, and degradation rate were analysed. In addition, microbiological tests evaluated their potential as a source of in situ short-chain fatty acid production. Finally, biocompatibility testing with skin cells evaluated their safety for potential use as part of diapers. The results demonstrate a cost-effective approach for producing novel materials that can tailor the ecological balance of the skin microflora and help treat diaper rash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: diaper dermatitis is found to be the most common skin condition among children below 24 months. Though it is generally less fatal, it could elevate into a severely painful condition with possible bacterial and fungal infestation requiring a critical medical attention. The study assessed the knowledge of mothers with children in the diaperwearing age on diaper dermatitis management and associated practice in a referral hospital in Northern Ghana. Methods: the study employed the facility-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 456 mothers with infants aged 1-24 months were recruited using the systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: only a few (23.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge on diaper management with 76.5% reporting poor knowledge. Mothers used baby powder (47.0%), zinc oxide that contained barrier cream baby oil (28.0%), Vaseline (16.0%), baby lotion (16.0%) to prevent diaper dermatitis. Employment status (p=0.011), attachment of diaper to babies (p=0.041), drying methods used after cleaning a child (p=0.039) and substance used to clean infants after bowel movement (p=0.011) were significantly associated with knowledge of diaper dermatitis. Mothers who were full-time homemakers were 1.76 times more likely to have good knowledge in diaper management compared to mothers engaged in economic activities (COR=1.76; Cl (1.14-2.73)). Conclusion: the study showed a low knowledge of diaper dermatitis. Most mothers resort to powder to prevent diaper dermatitis. We recommend that the Ministry of Health, and all health agencies to as a matter of urgency design a framework on the dissemination of reliable information on diaper dermatitis prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research targets innovative medical textiles of nanofibrous nature and antibacterial activity to prevent diaper dermatitis. The work is based on electrospun nanofibers from cellulose acetate (CA) and lignin (Lig) polymers. A series of new copper complexes were synthesized and loaded to the CA/Lig solution mix then subjected to electrospinning, giving rise to the tricomponent bioactive mats CA/Lig/Cu-complex. The surface morphology of electrospun nanofiber mats was smooth and homogenous as the concentration of lignin increased in the mixture. The incorporation of lignin improved the electrospinnability of the cellulose acetate; however, it increased the fiber diameter. The water contact angle, absorption underload were significantly improved as lignin content increased. The incorporation of Cu-complex in electrospun CA and CA/Lig fiber mats occurred without any substantial change in the surface morphology, indicating well encapsulation of the complex. The electrospun mats were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Streptococcus faecalis. The cytotoxicity, protein leakage, and biological results, together with the above studies, would advocate copper complex loaded CA/Lig nanofibers as a potential candidate for hygienic applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diaper dermatoses are one of the most common reasons for consultation in the departments of pediatric dermatology and pediatrics. Its etiology is multifactorial. Methods: Literature review. Results: Diaper dermatosis is classified into three subgroups according to its etiology: skin conditions caused by the presence of the diaper; rashes exacerbated using the diaper; and eruptions that appear regardless of the use of a diaper. Therefore, diaper dermatosis could be related to inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, or metabolic diseases, among others. Its recognition is crucial to ameliorate the discomfort it causes in the children and the anxiety it causes in their parents. Its treatment depends on its cause and is based on adequate hygiene, the proper use of emollients, wet wipes and diapers, the avoidance of potential allergenic substances, as well as the treatment of the specific cause. Conclusion: Diaper dermatosis' etiology is multifactorial; it mainly affects children, although adults suffer from it too. Its main cause in children is irritative contact dermatitis, which can be worsened when candida is also present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are at an increased risk for diaper dermatitis, which can cause skin breakdown and lead to significant pain and potential infection exposure. Skin care protocols in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting seldom specifically address the needs of this at-risk population, leading to inconsistent skin care management. Purpose: The goal was to support a decrease in the rate of diaper dermatitis for infants with NAS by designing and implementing an evidence-based skin care protocol. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was used to examine outcomes of 25 infants preintervention and 8 infants postintervention. The skin care protocol was a bundle of 5 evidence-based interventions: (1) a specific diaper dermatitis assessment tool; (2) frequent diaper changes with superabsorbent diapers; (3) application of petroleum jelly and alcohol-free wipes; (4) infant bathing in pH neutral soap; and (5) application of zinc oxide barrier cream for erythema. Results: There was an overall 80.5% decrease in diaper dermatitis from pre- to postimplementation (P <=.01) as noted when comparing positive cases of diaper dermatitis with negative cases from pre- to postintervention. /p> Implications for Practice: Expanding the skin care protocol to all neonates in the NICU and nursery could aid in maintaining skin integrity and decreasing diaper dermatitis in the NICU. More research is needed following this study for the data to be generalizable to other NICUs. This study offers key takeaways including using a specific diaper dermatitis assessment tool and consistently using the bundle of interventions. Video Abstract Available at: https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx?autoPlay=false&videoId=47. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective * To search, appraise and retrieve the best evidence on prevention strategies for diaper dermatitis in infants, and provide evidence-based guidance for reducing the diaper dermatitis. Methods * BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Evidence-Based Healthcare Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, Cochrane Library, Campbell, Medline, PubMed, SinoMed, Chinese Nursing Association, and Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association were systematacially searched to collect relevant evidence on preventing diaper dermatitis in infants. The evidence including clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews and expert consensuses published from database construction to June 2021. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature, and extracted recommendations and research conclusions from the included literature. Results * Totally 8 articles were involved, including 2 clinical decisions, 1 evidence summary, 4 systematic reviews and 1 expert consensus. Finally, 26 pieces of best evidence about air, barrier, cleaning, diaper and education were summarized. Conclusion * Pediatric professionals should optimize the clinical process to prevent diaper dermatitis, which is on the basis of evidence, cultural characteristics, resource allocation and patient characteristics. Family education is also important, aiming at reducing the incidence rate of diaper dermatitis in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eczema coxsackium is an atypical manifestation of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is a rare manifestation and can be easily mistaken for eczema herpeticum or impetigo. We report two male infants (twins) of 6 months of age who presented with 2 days of fever and diarrhea followed by an erythematous rash over the diaper region with multiple eroded papules. As the presentation coincided with a seasonal clustering of HFMD cases, eczema coxsackium was suspected. Polymerase chain reaction for pan-enteroviral RNA was positive in a throat swab, and a diagnosis of eczema coxsackium over the diaper dermatitis was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaper dermatitis is the most common skin disorder in infants and toddlers. It causes erythema, erosions, and ulcers on the buttocks. Pain and discomfort are associated symptoms causing parents to complain about the health care. Medical record backtracking from May 2019 to July 2019 with a total of 260 hospitalized infants and toddlers, 83 patients had diaper dermatitis. Moreover, it was found that the average incidence of diaper dermatitis in our unit is 31.9%, indicating the importance of this issue. The high incidence of diaper dermatitis is a major issue and has to be solved. However, the correct rate of nursing care for diaper dermatitis was only 52.3%. This study aimed to increase the accuracy of nursing care for diaper dermatitis of up to 90%. The intervention measures include the following: Developing a new standardized care guideline for diaper dermatitis, holding on-the-job training for diaper dermatitis, making a diaper dermatitis grading scale; formulating/drawing up a diaper dermatitis risk score, and providing skin protection agents and warm water. The correct rate of nursing care for diaper dermatitis had increased to 95.2% after implementation. Using a correct nursing care can provide a clinical care reference and improve the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin care in children has been a problem exercising the minds of both parents and doctors from the moment of birth. Why are they so interested in knowing about the infant skin and care for it? Consideration must be given to the anatomical and physiological features of the newborn skin structure and differences from the adult skin structure. Its weight accounts for 10–13% of the newborn body weight as compared to 3% of the adult body weight. Anatomical maturity only partially correlates with functional maturity, these differences concern both barrier function and thermoregulation. The epidermis in newborns and infants is much thinner, looser, the layers are underdeveloped. The epidermal basement membrane connecting the epidermis and the dermis is made up of four poorly differentiated sublayers, the cells are of small size, the number of desmosomes at the cell-cell junctions is also much lower, which results in the unstable connection between the epidermis and the dermis. These distinctive features explain the difference in the newborn skin care, the choice of care products, the prevention of various pathological conditions, and even the subtleties of treatment. The variety of skin care products for newborns, the difference in composition and different dosage forms can cause confusion in young parents, and improper use of such products and various disturbing factors can lead to impairment of the normal state and function of the skin. And as a consequence of this, various pathological conditions may develop that already require active and even long-term treatment. The purpose of this article is to give the reader a brief picture of the anatomical and functional features of the skin structure, any changes developing in the postnatal period, and the need for the use of skin care products. It provides the skincare rules, compliance with which will not lead to the opposite effect.

Introduction: Up to 60% of hospitalised neonates may develop incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Our aim was to adapt the Clinical Evaluation Scale for Characterization of the Severity of Diaper Dermatitis to the Spanish population and to find out the nationwide frequency of IAD in hospitalized neonates., Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation and assessment of content validity of the scale. We carried out a prospective, multicentre observational study of the incidence of nappy rash in postnatal wards and neonatal intensive care units in 6 Spanish hospitals., Results: We obtained a content validity index of 0.869 for the total scale (95% CI, 0.742-0.939). The sample included 196 neonates. The cumulative incidence of IAD was 32.1% (9.1% mild-moderate, 8% moderate and 1.6% severe). The incidence rate was 2.2 IAD cases per 100 patient days. A stool pH of less than 5.5, a greater number of bowel movements a day, a greater daily urine output and the use of oral drugs were among the factors associated with the development of IAD., Conclusion: The Spanish version of the Clinical Evaluation Scale for Characterization of the Severity of Diaper Dermatitis had an adequate content validity for the assessment of DAI in the hospitalised neonatal population. Mixed feeding, treatment with oral drugs and the use of medical devices in the perianal area were associated with an increased risk of nappy dermatitis in infants., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Topical corticosteroids are very common drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Prolonged or misuse of them may cause systemic adverse effects, including Cushing syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression. We present a case of a seven months old male infant who developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome after diaper dermatitis treatment through misuse of Clobetasol, without doctor’s prescription. We observe redness and a moon face, a buffalo hump, central obesity and hirsutism. Laboratory values revealed hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevation in liver enzymes and low early morning cortisol. To conclude, parents must be informed by physicians about the adverse effect of steroids and the should be avoided in very young infant.

Background/Objective: Newborn infant skin is functional but immature, and diapering products can play a significant role in infant diapered skin health. Previous work demonstrated a regimen consisting of a diaper with an emollient and apertures on the inner liner (topsheet) with an acidic, pH‐buffered wipe (Regimen A) lowered newborn skin pH and reduced the enzymatic activity on skin post‐stool cleaning versus a regimen without these features (Regimen B). This study extends these findings to determine the impact of Regimen A on diaper area erythema severity over a 2‐week use period. Methods: This IRB‐approved, blinded, randomized, crossover study enrolled newborn infants >7 days and ≤8 weeks. Participants exclusively used two unique diaper and wipe combinations, Regimen A and Regimen B (non‐emollient, non‐aperture containing topsheet and wipe with limited buffering capacity), each for 14 days and preceded by a 3‐day washout regimen. Results: Diapered skin pH was reduced during Regimen A use to values similar to that of a non‐diapered control site (chest), while use of Regimen B was associated with a more alkaline skin pH. Regimen A resulted in significantly fewer severe erythema episodes. At the site of highest erythema, the perianal space, the average erythema score was significantly lower and more newborns were free of erythema while using Regimen A vs. Regimen B (P <.05). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that diapering products can have a significant impact on newborn skin. They reinforce the need to support the physiological normalization of skin pH and protection from skin irritation and damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diaper dermatitis (DD) causes discomfort and emotional distress and creates possible sources of infection among newborn intensive care unit infants. Diaper dermatitis remains prevalent despite studies documenting an understanding of prevention and treatment modalities. Standardizing perineal skin care guidelines could reduce DD.Purpose: Implement perineal skin care guidelines, while introducing novel diaper wipes, to decrease the incidence of DD by 20% within a 1-year period.Methods: Our unit reviewed evidence-based literature to develop a standardized perineal care guideline for prevention and treatment, encompassing the use of novel, preservative-free diaper wipes with grapefruit seed extract. The outcome measures were the incidence and duration of DD. Process compliances were monitored. The balancing measure was the rate of fungal skin infection while using preservative-free wipes.Findings: Between July 2017 and March 2019, 1070 infants were admitted for 1 or more days, with 11% of those being born at less than 30 weeks of gestational age. After guideline implementation in January 2018, the incidence of DD decreased by 16.7%. The incidence of severe cases dropped by 34.9%, with 3.5 days per 100 patient-days shortened duration. Process compliance was achieved. Neonates tolerated the novel wipes without increased fungal skin infection.Implications For Practice: The Perineal Skin Care Guidelines could reduce the rate and duration of DD. Newborn intensive care unit infants tolerated the novel diaper wipes.Implications For Research: Additional research on wipes containing other types of extracts or ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review provides current data on terminology, prevalence, etiopathogenesis, clinic and differential diagnosis of diaper dermatitis (DD). Particular attention is paid to approaches to the prevention and treatment of DD. Modern emollients and moisturisers, production technologies and possibilities of superabsorbing diapers have made it possible to significantly facilitate skin care for newborns and infants, and reduce the frequency and severity of the clinical manifestations of this disease. The key to successful prevention of DD is raising parents’ awareness and teaching them how to care for their baby’s skin.

This article describes briefly the history of creation of disposable diapers, the structure of modern diapers, and skincare during use of disposable diapers, first aid methods, if a baby develops diaper dermatitis, and answers to the main questions asked by parents about possible risks for babies’ health during constant use of disposable diapers. The article underlines the nurses’ role in advising parents on the newborn care.

This article is a continuation of a series of articles on the role of nurses in the care of children during their first year of life. The article presents the authors’ vision on the creation of a team system (doctor – nurse) of outpatient care and counseling of parents on the causes of diaper dermatitis, methods of prevention and treatment of this pathology, depending on the stage of the process. The algorithm of appointment and choice of external means in treatment of diaper dermatitis is presented, their possibilities and efficiency depending on forms of release a cream or an ointment are defined.

In the review article the basic problems of children’s health of young age are considered deficiency of vitamins and minerals at breastfeeding, complexity of skin care, allergies, acute respiratory viral infections. Attention is paid to hypovitaminosis and nipple cracks in mothers during lactation, as well as to the necessity of vitamin-mineral complexes subsidizing and mammary gland skin care during this period. Proper care for a child of early age is a guarantee of his health and harmonious development. Paediatricians should promote maternal literacy in modern methods of child care, disease prevention and treatment.