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Wenping Li,1 Ting Xu,2 Liuting Diao,2 Qishu Wu3 1Prudence College, Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 2Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 3Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qishu Wu, Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Airport Road, Haishu District, Ningbo, 1988, People’s Republic of China, Email 10824010@zjbti.net.cnPurpose: Perceived discrimination among higher vocational college students is a prevalent issue in China and is linked to various mental and behavioral problems, including mobile phone addiction. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived discrimination and mobile phone addiction remain ambiguous.Methods: To address this issue, we recruited 1253 higher vocational college students to elucidate the relationship between perceived discrimination and mobile phone addiction. Participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing perceived discrimination, mobile phone addiction, negative emotions, and learning burnout.Results: Our findings suggest that perceived discrimination positively influences mobile phone addiction. The negative emotions and learning burnout play mediating effects between perceived discrimination and mobile phone addiction, respectively. Notably, we observe a chain mediating role of negative emotions and learning burnout play between perceived discrimination and mobile phone addiction.Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that higher vocational college students who perceived stronger discrimination are inclined to exhibit heightened emotional, cognitive, and learning challenges, such as increased negative emotions and learning burnout, which contribute to more serious excessive mobile phone use. These findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived discrimination and mobile phone addiction, enriching our understanding of the underlying emotional, cognitive, and learning dynamics in higher vocational college students.Keywords: perceived discrimination, mobile phone addiction, negative emotions, learning burnout, structural equation model

Wuke Zhang,1 Pengtao Jiang,2,3 Pengcheng Tong,1 Ting Xu,1 Ruizhi Yuan,3 Liuting Diao1 1Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2International Affairs Office, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Business School, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Liuting Diao, Business School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15168164056, Email diaoliuting@nbu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aims to explore the influence of industry leaders’ behavior on common enterprise leaders’ decisions in enterprise clustering by recognizing top executives’ cognitive processes of brains.Methods: Twenty-one real top executives from twelve textile enterprises were recruited in the lab experiment, and decisions about whether entering an industrial zone under two conditions of following an industry leader or a common enterprise were designed as the experiment task. Throughout the formal experimental task, participants’ electroencephalograms were recorded.Results: The behavioral results preliminarily proved the effect of industry leaders’ behaviors on the real top executives’ decisions in common enterprises: participants had a higher acceptance rate with a shorter reaction time in the condition of following an industry leader rather than that in the condition of following a common enterprise. Event-related potential results indicated that choices of following an industry leader led to a more positive perception of emotional valence (reflected by a smaller P2 amplitude) and better evaluation categorization and greater decision confidence (reflected by a larger late positive potential amplitude) than choices of following a common enterprise.Conclusion: Top executives from common enterprises tend to evaluate industry leaders’ behaviors better than other common enterprises’ behaviors, and they tend to make a similar business decision to keep their enterprises consistent with these industry leaders.Keywords: leading effect, business decision, ERPs, P2, LPP

Liuting Diao,1,2 Wenping Li,3 Wuke Zhang,1,2 Qingguo Ma,1,2,4 Jia Jin5 1Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 2Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 3Prudence College, Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qingguo Ma; Jia Jin Email maqingguo3669@zju.edu.cn; jinjia@nbu.edu.cnBackground: Previous studies have shown that people always pay more attention to highly preferred items of choice, which is well defined by behavioral measurements and eye-tracking. However, less is known about the neural dynamics underlying the role that visual attention plays in value-based decisions, especially in those characterized by the “relative value” (ie, value difference) between two items displayed simultaneously in a binary choice.Purpose: This study examined the neural temporal and neural oscillatory features underlying selective attention to subjective preferences in value-based decision making.Methods: In this study, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) measurements while participants performed a binary choice task in which they were instructed to respond to their preferred snack in high value difference (HVD) or low value difference (LVD) conditions.Results: Behaviorally, participants showed faster responses and lower error rates in the HVD condition than in the LVD condition. In parallel, participants exerted a reduced prefrontal N2 component and attenuated frontal theta-band synchronization in the HVD condition as opposed to the LVD condition. Crucially, participants showed greater N2pc component and theta-band synchronization over the human posterior cortex in the HVD condition than in the LVD condition. Moreover, there was a direct correlation between frontal and posterior theta-band synchronization.Conclusion: The results show that theta-band oscillatory dynamics may represent attentional bias to subjective preferences, and this effect can be modulated by the level attentional bias to subjective preferences, and this effect can be modulated by the level of value difference. Our research provides insights into a new avenue via which the processing of selective attention and value representation in the value-based decisions can be implicated in an integrative neural oscillatory mechanism.Keywords: theta-band synchronization, attentional bias, subjective preferences, value-based decision making, consumer neuroscience

Jin Tao,1 Yang Zhang,2 Ao Shen,3 Yunxu Yang,1 Lu Diao,4 Luye Wang,1 Danwei Cai,4 Ying Hu1,4 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; 4School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ying HuZhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888, East Section, Yinxian Main Road, The Zone of Higher Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 574 8822 2707Fax +86 574 8822 3023Email pharmhawk@126.comPurpose: Osteomyelitis, particularly chronic osteomyelitis, remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The traditional treatment for osteomyelitis, which involves antibiotics and debridement, does not provide a complete solution for infection and bone repair. Antibiotics such as vancomycin (VCM) are commonly used to treat osteomyelitis in clinical settings. VCM use is limited by a lack of effective delivery methods that provide sustained, high doses to entirely fill irregular bone tissue to treat infections.Methods: We engineered a chitosan (CS)-based thermosensitive hydrogel to produce a VCM-nanoparticle (NPs)/Gel local drug delivery system. The VCM-NPs were formed with quaternary ammonium chitosan and carboxylated chitosan nanoparticles (VCM-NPs) by positive and negative charge adsorption to enhance the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of VCM, with the aim of simultaneously preventing infection and repairing broken bones. This hydrogel was evaluated in a rabbit osteomyelitis model.Results: The VCM-NPs had high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, with values of 60.1± 2.1% and 24.1± 0.84%, respectively. When embedded in CS-Gel, the VCM-NPs maintained their particle size and morphology, and the injectability and thermosensitivity of the hydrogel, which were evaluated by injectability test and rheological measurement, were retained. The VCM-NPs/Gel exhibited sustained release of VCM over 26 days. In vitro tests revealed that the VCM-NPs/Gel promoted osteoblast proliferation and activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo, VCM-NPs/Gel (with 10 mg vancomycin per rabbit) was used to treat rabbits with osteomyelitis. The VCM-NPs/Gel showed excellent anti-infection properties and accelerating bone repair under osteomyelitis conditions.Conclusion: The reported multifunctional NPs hydrogel system for local antibiotic delivery (VCM-NPs/Gel) showed bone regeneration promotion and anti-infection properties, demonstrating significant potential as a scaffold for effective treatment of osteomyelitis.Keywords: vancomycin, chitosan, nanoparticles, injectable hydrogel, osteomyelitis

Lu Diao,1,2 Jin Tao,2 Yiqi Wang,3 Ying Hu,1,2 Wenfei He1 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ying HuCollege of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888, East Section, Yinxian Main Road, The Zone of Higher Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 5748822 2707Fax +86 5748822 3023Email pharmhawk@126.comWenfei HeSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Chashan Street, University Campus, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0577 86699572Email wenfeihe@126.comBackground and purpose: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused by many factors. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of SLE and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown the advantages of multi-targeted therapy for LN and that TLR4 signaling is a target of anti-LN drugs. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein with a proinflammatory cytokine activity, binds specifically to TLR4 to induce inflammation. We aimed to develop PEGylated TAT peptide-cationic liposomes (TAT-CLs) to deliver anti-HMGB1 siRNA and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) to increase LN therapeutic efficiency and explore their treatment mechanism.Methods: We constructed the TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA delivery system using the thin film hydration method. The uptake and localization of Cy3-labeled siRNA were detected by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. MTT assays were used to detect glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA evaluated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA.Results: We constructed the TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA delivery system measuring approximately 140 nm with superior storage and serum stabilities. In vitro, it showed significantly greater uptake compared with unmodified liposomes and significant inhibition of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA inhibited NF-κB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA downregulated expression of HMGB1 mRNA and protein. TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA markedly diminished Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and subsequent activation of MyD88, IRAK4, and NF-κB.Conclusion: TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA may have the potential for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as LN mediated by the TLR4 signaling pathway.Keywords: cationic liposome, HMGB1 siRNA, DHA, Toll-like receptor 4

Jing Wang,1* Yu Pang,2* Wei Jing,1* Wei Chen,1* Ru Guo,1* Xiqin Han,1 Limin Wu,3 Guangxu Yang,4 Kunyun Yang,5 Cong Chen,6 Lin Jiang,7 Chunkui Cai,8 Zhi Dou,9 Lijuan Diao,10 Hongqiu Pan,11 Jianyun Wang,12 Feifei Du,13 Tao Xu,14 Lixia Wang,15 Renzhong Li,16 Naihui Chu1 1Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, P.R. China; 2National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, P.R. China; 3Tuberculosis Prevention Institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 310021, P.R. China; 4Tuberculosis Prevention Institute, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Jilin 130123, P.R. China; 5Department of Tuberculosis Resistance, Hunan Chest Hospital, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; 6Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Project Office, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Hubei 430030, P.R. China; 7Department of Internal Medicine, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China; 8Department of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Dalian Tuberculosis Hospital, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China; 9Department of Tuberculosis, Qiqihar Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China; 10Department of Tuberculosis, Nanyang Tuberculosis Control Institute, Henan 473000, P.R. China; 11Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China; 12Department of Infection, Lanzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Gansu 730046, P.R. China; 13Department of Respiratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China; 15National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China; 16Department of Tuberculosis Resistance Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Our aim was to assess whether the use of cycloserine (CS) would bring additional benefit for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients, and to estimate the incidence and associated risk factors of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from CS.Patients and methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes and ADRs of MDR-TB patients treated with CS containing regimens between January 2012 and June 2015 in China.Results: A total of 623 MDR-TB cases enrolled in this study received regimens containing CS. Of these cases, in 411 of the patients 374 (66.0%) were “cured” and 37 (5.9%) “complete treatment” by the end of the study. The elderly, patients with prolonged previous exposure to and history of anti-TB drugs, and pre-existing co-morbidity were more likely to be associated with adverse outcomes of MDR-TB patients (P

Lingyun Diao,1,2 Shengying Wang,2 Zhiguang Sun1 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Clinical Medical School of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China Background: Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the development of human cancers. LncRNA GAPLINC has been reported to be increased in gastric cancer (GC) tissues.Methods: Real-time PCR assays were used to measure expressions of GAPLINC, miR-378, and MAPK1 mRNA. Western blot assays were employed to examine MAPK1 protein expression. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 and propidium iodide-detection assays, respectively. The interaction between GAPLINC and miR-378 was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and luciferase assays. Luciferase assays were also used to study whether GAPLINC was able to act as a molecular sponge of miR-378 to modulate MAPK1 expression.Results: The lncRNA GAPLINC expression was upregulated and positively correlated with MAPK1 expression in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Additionally, lncRNA GAPLINC promoted the expression of MAPK1 and the enhancement of GC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by LncRNA GAPLINC was dependent on MAPK1 in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, we found that miR-378 expression was inversely correlated with GAPLINC expression in GC tissues and cells. miR-378 could directly bind to GAPLINC and decreased GAPLINC expression, thus reducing MAPK1 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-378 inhibited MAPK1 expression, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer cells, while these effects were abrogated by upregulating lncRNA GAPLINC expression.Conclusion: Taken together, lncRNA GAPLINC promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-378 to modulate MAPK1 expression.Keywords: GAPLINC, cell proliferation, miR-378, MAPK1, gastric cancer

Yuhuan Gao,1 Lanping Diao,1 Huan Li,1 Zhanjun Guo2 1Department of Hematology, 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China Objective: microRNA (miRNA)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (miR-SNPs) in miRNA-processing machinery genes can affect cancer risk, treatment efficacy, and patients’ prognosis by mediating the expression of targeted genes. Five miR-SNPs in miRNA processing machinery genes, including XPO5 (rs11077), RAN (rs14035), TNRC6B (rs9623117), GEMIN3 (rs197412), and GEMIN4 (rs2740348), in 168 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients were evaluated for their association with the cancer risk and outcomes associated with NHL.Materials and methods: miR-SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–ligase detection reaction. The survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and comparisons between the curves were made using the log-rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Among the five SNPs, only rs197412 located in the coding region of the GEMIN3 gene was identified; it was independently associated with overall survival in NHL patients, as determined by multivariate analysis (relative risk: 1.649; 95% confidence interval: 1.110–2.449; P=0.013). The prognostic value of this miR-SNP in patient outcomes was also observed in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma NHL subtypes.Conclusion: Our results suggested that the specific genetic variants observed in the miRNA machinery genes may affect NHL survival. Keywords: miR-SNP, rs197412, GEMIN3, NHL, survival

Shift in precipitation regime could greatly alter plant and microbial activity, and thus the contemporary and future ecosystem dynamics in grasslands. We investigated how changes in snow depth affect plants, microbes and their relationships after 10 consecutive years of snow treatments in different steppes. We selected 8 snow fences along a mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradient from 225 to 375 mm in Inner Mongolia. For each snow fence, study plots were set up at 7 transects with different levels of snow depth. We found that ecosystem properties, including soil moisture, the biomass and nitrogen (N) pools of microbes and plants, the fungi: bacteria ratio and the grass: forb ratio, increased with increasing snow depth at the drier sites with lower MAP, but not at the wetter sites with higher MAP. At any given site, the sensitivity of these ecosystem properties to changes in snow depth was determined by the slopes of these variables against snow depth. The results showed that the sensitivity of these ecosystem properties to changes in snow depth decreased linearly with increase in MAP levels. In addition, we also found that increased snow depth shifted the relationship between microbial and plant biomass from positive to negative. Our work reveals the importance of snow water in regulating plant and microbial processes in temperate steppes, especially under lower MAP conditions. The greater plant and microbial biomass and the shift of community toward greater fungi: bacteria and grass: forb ratio imply that increased snowmelt input alleviated water limitation in temperate steppes and altered plant and microbial communities. Our study helps to better predict that how changes in winter precipitation could affect the biomass and composition of plants and soil microbes in grasslands.

Abstract Polarization management plays a key role in various applications, such as optical communications, imaging, and sensing. It not only mitigates detrimental effects (e.g., polarization mode dispersion in optical communication) but also enables advanced functionalities, such as polarization multiplexing and optical isolation. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art approaches for on-chip polarization management. Additionally, we discuss strategies for developing non-reciprocal photonic devices and the challenges associated with monolithic integration in photonics circuits.

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that asthma is significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under this background, this study aimed to systematically classify and summarize the epidemiological evidence of asthma and the risk of 4 specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to December 1st, 2021 in order to identify relevant studies. The random-model was used to assess the pooled results. All pooled results were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Finally, a total of 18 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Compared with non-asthmatic group, patients with asthma had significantly increased risks of subsequent cardiovascular heart disease (CHD, RR 1.33; 1.19-1.50, I2=80.3%; p<0.001), and CVM (RR 1.35; 1.15-1.59, I2=0%; p<0.001). Similarly, the risks of heart failure (HF, RR 2.10; 1.98-2.22, I2=17.4%; p<0.001) and myocardial infraction (MI, RR 1.39; 1.16-1.66, I2=59.3%; p<0.001) were higher in the asthmatic population. However, the higher risk of atrial fibrillation (RR 1.70; 1.45-2.00, I2=0%; p<0.001) was observed only in the active asthmatic population. CONCLUSIONS: In general, asthma is associated with subsequent increased risks of CHD, MI, AF, HF, and CVM. In addition, among patients with asthma, females have a higher risk of CHD than males, while active asthmatic patients have a higher risk of CVM than non-active asthmatic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of highly evolved, dacitic magmas has been attributed to various processes, including crystal fractionation, partial melting of overlying crust, and/or assimilation of crustal material into an evolving magma chamber. These processes are undoubtedly primary processes involved in the formation of dacites, but they may not be the only mechanism involved in the formation of high-silica dacites. For instance, mafic magma replenishment has been proposed as an additional mechanism but has not been assessed, and thus, its role has not been well-constrained. The Daliuchong volcano is the result of one of the largest eruptive events within the Tengchong Volcanic Field (TVF) in southwest China during the Early-Middle Pleistocene. Here, we conducted detailed mineral textures, mineral chemistry, and geochemical studies on Daliuchong pyroclastic rocks to explore the pre-eruptive storage conditions and evolution processes of the magma. The Daliuchong pyroclastic rocks are dacitic in composition. The samples show porphyritic textures characterized by phenocrysts of plagioclase, amphibole, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxides. Additionally, two distinct types of glomerocryst are identified: a gabbroic glomerocryst containing plagioclase + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene ± Fe-Ti oxides assemblage and a dioritic glomerocryst containing plagioclase + amphibole ± pyroxene ± Fe-Ti oxides assemblage. Both phenocryst and glomerocryst show rich micro-textures. The Daliuchong dacite exhibits bulk compositional heterogeneity. Analysis of bulk-rock data suggests that this heterogeneity may arise from both the differentiation of the dacite itself and the injection of mafic magma. The compositional similarity between the Daliuchong dacite and experimentally produced partial melts of metamorphic basalt supports that the Daliuchong dacite was predominantly formed through the partial melting of the mafic lower crust. Thermobarometry estimation indicates that clinopyroxenes with high Mg# crystallized at 560–870 MPa, whereas amphibole and clinopyroxenes with low Mg# crystallized at 185–300 MPa. Based on the observed phase relations and the calculated crystallization conditions, we propose that during the differentiation of the Daliuchong dacite, heterogeneous dacitic magma formed by partial melting accumulated in a deep magma reservoir (21–32 km) before subsequently ascending toward shallower depths. Crystallization of plagioclase, amphibole, Fe-Ti oxides, and small amounts of pyroxene and apatite occurred at a shallower depth (7–10 km). The presence of coarse-sieve texture, fine-sieve texture, and oscillatory zoning with high amplitude in plagioclase suggests intermittent injection of mafic magma into the shallow magma reservoir, with the eruption of dacitic magma occurring after the final mafic magma replenishment. The petrological evidence above advocates that primitive magma replenishment could have been involved in the formation and triggered the eruption of dacite in the Daliuchong volcano.

Microtubules are hollow α/β-tubulin heterodimeric polymers that play critical roles in cells. In vertebrates, both α- and β-tubulins have multiple isotypes encoded by different genes, which are intrinsic factors in regulating microtubule functions. However, the structures of microtubules composed of different tubulin isotypes, especially α-tubulin isotypes, remain largely unknown. Here, we purify recombinant tubulin heterodimers composed of different mouse α-tubulin isotypes, including α1A, α1C and α4A, with the β-tubulin isotype β2A. We further assemble and determine the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of α1A/β2A, α1C/β2A, and α4A/β2A microtubules. Our structural analysis demonstrates that α4A/β2A microtubules exhibit longitudinal contraction between tubulin interdimers compared with α1A/β2A and α1C/β2A microtubules. Collectively, our findings reveal that α-tubulin isotype composition can tune microtubule structures, and also provide evidence for the “tubulin code” hypothesis.

Introduction: Radiation therapy (RT) can predispose the onset of corporal fibrosis and microvasculopathy. The impact of RT on intra-operative complications is not well described in the literature. Objective: In this study, we assess intra-operative and post-operative outcomes among patients with or without prior history of RT following primary Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP) implantation. Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of men undergoing primary IPP placement between January 2015 and December 2022. A total of 3530 patients were identified, of which 3319 had no prior history of RT and 211 patients had history of RT. After 1:1 propensity score matching for all confounding variables, 211 patients with a history of RT were compared to 211 nonradiated patients for intra-operative and post-operative outcomes. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis for categorial and continuous variables respectively. For multivariable analysis, we used a forward stepwise model and included significant variables found on pre-operative characteristics of patients. Kaplan-Meier time to event analysis were compared with Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Results: Patients with history of RT encountered more intra-operative complications (4.3% vs 0.9%, p=0.032); specifically, these men experienced more distal crossover events (1.9% vs 0, p=0.044). On multivariable analysis, history of prior RT (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.07-26.3, p=0.041) and diabetes mellitus (OR 10.5, 95% CI 2.58-43.5, p=0.01) were associated with increased risk of intra-operative complications. History of obesity (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-0.91, p=0.040) reduced risk of intra-operative complications. There was no significant difference in early or late post-operative non-infectious complications between both groups and there was also no significant difference in risk of post-operative complications within 24 months on Kaplan Meier analysis (log rank p=0.9). Conclusions: In this large multi-institutional cohort, history of RT is an independent predictor of intra-operative complications but not post-operative complications during primary IPP placement. These findings may help inform patient-specific counseling while guiding surgical planning to prevent untoward morbidity following surgery. Disclosure: No. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]