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This study uses a scaled-down model within a proprietary launch tank to address hydrodynamic complexity post-underwater launch. The model addresses the projectile's motion characteristics and flow field during ejection. This exploration encompassed varying ejection pressures, motion characteristics of the launch platform, initial ejection angles, and depths of ejection. The results show that the projectile's residual gas appears as filamentous wake bubbles after underwater ejection, stagnant gas near the tube exit, and bubbles accompanying the projectile. Higher ejection pressure leads to an increase in the volume of stagnant gas at the tube exit, exacerbating the detachment of bubbles accompanying the projectile. When the velocities of the launch platform are V0 = 0.25 m/s, 0.43 m/s, and 0.48 m/s, the relative attitude angle changes during the projectile's water-exit are 8.60°, 10.69°, and 16.67°, respectively. The bubbles detach more strongly and shrink in size when the projectile is launched with a particular deflection angle. The volume of stagnant gas at the tube exit and bubbles accompanying the projectile notably diminishes as water depth rises under the same ejection pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which examined the transport properties and magnetoresistance of ultrathin copper compound trilayers within the picture of quantum well states. Experimental procedure; Results and discussion; Conclusions.

The exchange coupling and stability of spin valves with antiferromagnetic (AF) PtMn films were investigated through the correlation between the magnetic properties and their microstructures. The exchange coupling field (Hex) decreases during iterative MR measurements and this decrease associates closely with the changes in the rotational hysteresis loss (Wr), exchange anisotropy energy (Ke) and blocking temperature (Tb) distribution. Ordering of PtMn films that is featured by antiphase configuration is found to play a significant role in determining the exchange coupling properties and stability of these spin valves. Index Terms--Antiferromagnetic Pt-Mn, exchange coupling, magnetoresistance and spin valves, unidirectional anisotropy.

Discusses a study that presented magnetoresistance, exchange coupling and thermal stability of spin valves with the nano-oxide layers (NOL). Diverse process approaches to prepare nano-oxide layers; Cross-section high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of annealed specular spin valves with natural and plasma processed NOL; Modeled free layer response to media excitation.