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13. Microplastic Polystyrene Ingestion Promotes the Susceptibility of Honeybee to Viral Infection

Author

Jing Gao, Chunsheng Hou, Hongxia Zhao, Wu Yanyan, Sa Yang, Diao Qingyun, Yanchun Deng, and Xuejian Jiang

Subjects
Malpighian tubule system, Microplastics, fungi, Midgut, General Chemistry, Bees, Biology, Virus, Microbiology, Eating, Immune system, Virus Diseases, Pollinator, Hemolymph, Animals, Polystyrenes, Environmental Chemistry, Ingestion, Plastics, Ecosystem
Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to ecological conservation and biodiversity; however, little is known of the types and possible impacts of MPs in pollinators. To examine whether MPs were present in honeybees, we analyzed the honeybee samples collected in fields from six provinces in China. Four types MPs were identified in honeybee including polystyrene (PS) by Raman spectroscopic analysis, and these plastic polymers were detected in 66.7% bee samples. Then, we assessed the physical and biological impacts of PS of three sizes (0.5, 5, and 50 μm) on bees for 21 days. Next, we measured how the presence of PS affected the Israeli acute paralysis virus proliferation, a small RNA virus associated with bee colony decline. Experimental evidence showed that a large mass of PS was ingested and accumulated within the midgut and enhanced the susceptibility of bees to viral infection. Not only histological analysis showed that PS, especially 0.5 μm PS, damaged the midgut tissue and was subsequently transferred to the hemolymph, trachea, and Malpighian tubules, but also qPCR and transcriptomic results indicated that genes correlated with membrane lipid metabolism, immune response, detoxification, and the respiratory system were significantly regulated after PS ingestion. Our results highlight neglected MP contamination to the bees, a pollination ecosystem stressed by the anthropogenic pollution, and have implications for human health via ingestion of bee products.

Published
2021

21. A combination of Tropilaelaps mercedesae and imidacloprid negatively affects survival, pollen consumption and midgut bacterial composition of honey bee

Author

Diao Qingyun, Dai Pingli, Yang Yang, Xing Wang, Zhongmin Fu, Luo Qihua, Shilong Ma, and Mengyue Wang

Subjects
Tropilaelaps mercedesae, Beekeeping, Insecticides, animal structures, Environmental Engineering, Asia, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neonicotinoids, Imidacloprid, Pollen, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, parasitic diseases, Infestation, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Neonicotinoid, food and beverages, Midgut, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Honey bee, Bees, Nitro Compounds, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, chemistry, behavior and behavior mechanisms
Abstract

Tropilaelaps mercedesae is not only a major threat to honey bees in Asia but also a potential risk to global apiculture due to trade. Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that negatively affects individual bees. Moreover, the health of honey bees may be threatened by imidacloprid exposure and T. mercedesae infestation. We studied the effects of T. mercedesae and imidacloprid on the survival, food consumption and midgut bacterial diversity of Apis mellifera in the laboratory. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the bacterial composition in the honey bee midgut. T. mercedesae decreased survival in parasitized honey bees compared with nonparasitized honey bees, but there was no significant difference in food consumption. The imidacloprid 50 μg/L diet significantly decreased syrup consumption of A. mellifera compared with the control diet. The combination of T. mercedesae infestation and imidacloprid 50 μg/L exposure reduced survival and increased pollen consumption of A. mellifera. T. mercedesae infestation or a combination of T. mercedesae infestation and exposure to 25 μg/L imidacloprid affected the midgut bacterial composition of honey bees. T. mercedesae infestation and imidacloprid exposure may reduce the survival and affect honey bee health.

Published
2020

22. A Reverse Genetics System for the Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus and Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus

Author

Hongxia Zhao, Xinling Wang, Sa Yang, Chunsheng Hou, Yanchun Deng, Diao Qingyun, and Shuai Deng

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Viral pathogenesis, 030106 microbiology, Apis mellifera, Context (language use), Insect Viruses, Chronic bee paralysis virus, Genome, Viral, Biology, Catalysis, Virus, Article, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, reverse genetics, IAPV, law, law.legal_case, Paralysis, medicine, Animals, Vector (molecular biology), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Phylogeny, CBPV, Organic Chemistry, fungi, infectious clone, General Medicine, Honey bee, Bees, Virology, Reverse genetics, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Virus Diseases, Dicistroviridae, behavior and behavior mechanisms, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Honey bee viruses are associated with honey bee colony decline. Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is considered to have a strong impact on honey bee survival. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral genomes from several regions of the world showed that various IAPV lineages had substantial differences in virulence. Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), another important honey bee virus, can induce two significantly different symptoms. However, the infection characteristics and pathogenesis of IAPV and CBPV have not been completely elucidated. Here, we constructed infectious clones of IAPV and CBPV using a universal vector to provide a basis for studying their replication and pathogenesis. Infectious IAPV and CBPV were rescued from molecular clones of IAPV and CBPV genomes, respectively, that induced typical paralysis symptoms. The replication levels and expression proteins of IAPV and CBPV in progeny virus production were confirmed by qPCR and Western blot. Our results will allow further dissection of the role of each gene in the context of viral infection while helping to study viral pathogenesis and develop antiviral drugs using reverse genetics systems.

Published
2020
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25. Occurrence and Molecular Phylogeny of Honey Bee Viruses in Vespids

Author

Yang, Sa, primary, Gayral, Philippe, additional, Zhao, Hongxia, additional, Wu, Yaojun, additional, Jiang, Xuejian, additional, Wu, Yanyan, additional, Bigot, Diane, additional, Wang, Xinling, additional, Yang, Dahe, additional, Herniou, Elisabeth A., additional, Deng, Shuai, additional, Li, Fei, additional, Diao, Qingyun, additional, Darrouzet, Eric, additional, and Hou, Chunsheng, additional

Published
2019
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26. Exploring poisonous mechanism of honeybee, Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, caused by pyrethroids

Author

Wu Yanyan, Qing-Nian Cai, Pingli Dai, Qiang Wang, Ting Zhou, Diao Qingyun, and Chu Yanna

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Insecticides, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Biology, Pharmacology, Calcium in biology, Toxicology, Calcium Channels, T-Type, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nitriles, Pyrethrins, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Neurons, Calcium metabolism, Voltage-dependent calcium channel, Sodium channel, Calcium channel, Brain, General Medicine, Bees, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Second messenger system, Insect Proteins, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Intracellular
Abstract

As the important intracellular secondary messengers, calcium channel is the target of many neurotoxic pesticides as calcium homeostasis in the neuroplasm play important role in neuronal functions and behavior in insects. This study investigated the effect of deltamethrin (DM) on calcium channel in the brain nerve cells of adult workers of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola that were cultured in vitro . The results showed that the intracellular calcium concentration was significantly elevated even with a very low concentration of the DM (3.125 × 10 − 2 mg/L). Further testing revealed that T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), except for sodium channels, was one of the target of DM on toxicity of Apis mellifera , while DM has no significant effect on the L-type VGCCs, N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor-gated calcium channels and calcium store. These results suggesting that the DM may act on T-type VGCCs in brain cells of honeybees and result in behavioral abnormalities including swarming, feeding, learning, and acquisition.

Published
2017

40. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the Asian honeybee Apis cerana provides novel insights into honeybee biology

Author

Diao, Qingyun, Sun, Liangxian, Zheng, Huajun, Zeng, Zhijiang, Wang, Shengyue, Xu, Shufa, Zheng, Huoqing, Chen, Yanping, Shi, Yuanyuan, Wang, Yuezhu, Zhang, Shao Wu, Diao, Qingyun, Sun, Liangxian, Zheng, Huajun, Zeng, Zhijiang, Wang, Shengyue, Xu, Shufa, Zheng, Huoqing, Chen, Yanping, Shi, Yuanyuan, Wang, Yuezhu, and Zhang, Shao Wu

Abstract

The Asian honeybee Apis cerana is one of two bee species that have been commercially kept with immense economic value. Here we present the analysis of genomic sequence and transcriptomic exploration for A. cerana as well as the comparative genomic analysis of the Asian honeybee and the European honeybee A. mellifera. The genome and RNA-seq data yield new insights into the behavioral and physiological resistance to the parasitic mite Varroa the evolution of antimicrobial peptides, and the genetic basis for labor division in A. cerana. Comparison of genes between the two sister species revealed genes specific to A. cerana, 54.5% of which have no homology to any known proteins. The observation that A. cerana displayed significantly more vigilant grooming behaviors to the presence of Varroa than A. mellifera in conjunction with gene expression analysis suggests that parasite-defensive grooming in A. cerana is likely triggered not only by exogenous stimuli through visual and olfactory detection of the parasite, but also by genetically endogenous processes that periodically activates a bout of grooming to remove the ectoparasite. This information provides a valuable platform to facilitate the traits unique to A. cerana as well as those shared with other social bees for health improvement.

Published
2018

41. Effects of Bt Cry78Ba1 Toxin on Larvae and Adults of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Author

Han, Bo, Cao, Beibei, Yang, Yang, Wang, Xinling, Geng, Lili, Diao, Qingyun, and Dai, Pingli

Subjects
HONEYBEES, APIDAE, HYMENOPTERA, TOXINS, LARVAE, BACILLUS thuringiensis
Abstract

Cry78Ba1 is Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt) protein found with high insecticidal activity against the piercing–sucking insect Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and has broad application prospects for control of the rice planthopper. As honey bees may be exposed to Bt Cry78Ba1 rice pollen by feeding, we evaluated the risk of Bt Cry78Ba1 toxin to Apis mellifera L. workers. A dietary exposure experiment was conducted on worker larvae and adults under controlled laboratory conditions to examine the effects of Cry78Ba1 toxin on honey bees. Worker bee larvae were fed a diet containing Cry78Ba1 toxin (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/liter) on day 2 through day 5 after grafting, and adults were exposed to syrup containing Cry78Ba1 for up to 16 d. Negative control (no test substance added), solvent control (1 mM Tris–HCl), and positive control (dimethoate 45 mg/liter for the larva test, 1 and 45 mg/liter for the adult test) groups were established. Compared with the negative control, larvae and adults that consumed food containing Cry78Ba1 toxin exhibited no significant differences in survival, larval weight, or pollen or syrup consumption. This result indicates that chronic oral exposure to Cry78Ba1 toxin has no negative effects on honey bees at the maximum tested concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. Acute and chronic toxicity of acetamiprid, carbaryl, cypermethrin and deltamethrin to Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro.

Author

Yang, Yang, Ma, Shilong, Liu, Feng, Wang, Qiang, Wang, Xing, Hou, Chunsheng, Wu, Yanyan, Gao, Jing, Zhang, Li, Liu, Yongjun, Diao, Qingyun, and Dai, Pingli

Subjects
CARBARYL, HONEYBEES, DELTAMETHRIN, INSECTICIDES, CHRONIC toxicity testing, CYPERMETHRIN, LARVAE, FENITROTHION
Abstract

Background: The effects of exposing Apis mellifera larvae to common insecticides were tested in the laboratory. Results: The acute toxicity values of the four insecticides that we tested ranged from high toxicity to low toxicity: deltamethrin > cypermethrin > carbaryl > acetamiprid. The NOAEC (no observed adverse effect concentration) values of the chronic toxicity tests for each compound are 5 mg L−1 for acetamiprid, 2 mg L−1 for carbaryl, 1 mg L−1 for cypermethrin, and 0.2 mg L−1 for deltamethrin. Conclusion: According to the risk quotient (RQ) values of acute and chronic toxicity that we obtained, the risk is acceptable at exposure rates that have been identified in the field. Overall, our results are valuable for evaluating the acute and chronic toxicities of these insecticides to developing honey bees. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the Asian honeybee Apis cerana provides novel insights into honeybee biology

Author

Diao, Qingyun, primary, Sun, Liangxian, additional, Zheng, Huajun, additional, Zeng, Zhijiang, additional, Wang, Shengyue, additional, Xu, Shufa, additional, Zheng, Huoqing, additional, Chen, Yanping, additional, Shi, Yuanyuan, additional, Wang, Yuezhu, additional, Meng, Fei, additional, Sang, Qingliang, additional, Cao, Lianfei, additional, Liu, Fang, additional, Zhu, Yongqiang, additional, Li, Wenfeng, additional, Li, Zhiguo, additional, Dai, Congjie, additional, Yang, Minjun, additional, Chen, Shenglu, additional, Chen, Runsheng, additional, Zhang, Shaowu, additional, Evans, Jay D., additional, Huang, Qiang, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Hu, Fuliang, additional, Su, Songkun, additional, and Wu, Jie, additional

Published
2018
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50. The discovery of Halictivirus resolves the Sinaivirus phylogeny

Author

Bigot, Diane, primary, Dalmon, Anne, additional, Roy, Bronwen, additional, Hou, Chunsheng, additional, Germain, Michèle, additional, Romary, Manon, additional, Deng, Shuai, additional, Diao, Qingyun, additional, Weinert, Lucy A., additional, Cook, James M., additional, Herniou, Elisabeth A., additional, and Gayral, Philippe, additional

Published
2017
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