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Activin receptor–like kinase-1 (ALK1) is a type I, endothelial cell–specific member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily of receptors known to play an essential role in modulating angiogenesis and vessel maintenance. In the present study, we sought to examine the angiogenic and tumorigenic effects mediated upon the inhibition of ALK1 signaling using a soluble chimeric protein (ALK1-Fc). Of 29 transforming growth factor-β–related ligands screened by surface plasmon resonance, only bone morphogenetic protein (BMP9) and BMP10 displayed high-affinity binding to ALK1-Fc. In cell-based assays, ALK1-Fc inhibited BMP9-mediated Id-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and inhibited cord formation by these cells on a Matrigel substrate. In a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, ALK1-Fc reduced vascular endothelial growth factor–, fibroblast growth factor–, and BMP10-mediated vessel formation. The growth of B16 melanoma explants was also inhibited significantly by ALK1-Fc in this assay. Finally, ALK1-Fc treatment reduced tumor burden in mice receiving orthotopic grafts of MCF7 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. These data show the efficacy of chimeric ALK1-Fc proteins in mitigating vessel formation and support the view that ALK1-Fc is a powerful antiangiogenic agent capable of blocking vascularization. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(2); 379–

Supplementary Table 1 from ALK1-Fc Inhibits Multiple Mediators of Angiogenesis and Suppresses Tumor Growth

What would it mean to take seriously the idea that there is something backward about Renaissance women’s lyrics? Appearing belatedly in our critical purview, female-authored poems have seemed out of step with the supposed trajectories of English poetry. However, interpretive methods offer models for reading the recalcitrant. Backwardness represents a problem only if we assume that ‘forward’ is the direction in which literature must go. This chapter reclaims ‘backwardness’ as a formal condition of early modern women’s lyric. It argues for three types of lyric backwardness: the ‘negative, shameful, and difficult’ feelings that Heather Love has termed ‘feeling backward’; the temporal backwardness of collections created across distinct moments in time; and how manuscripts incite a literal mode of backward reading. Arguing for the value of reading backward both within and across lyrics, this chapter advocates for critical approaches that are more attuned to early modern women’s perverse and innovative poetic trajectories.

From the moment stationer Thomas Thorpe introduced Shakespeare’s Sonnets with a dedication to “THE. ONLY. BEGETTER … Mr. W.H.,” readers have been encouraged to read these lyrics as the frui...

The early modern courtier and writer Dudley, third Baron North, left behind him a wealth of literary manuscripts, including both autograph and scribal versions of his verse, all altered at various stages by North. But a survey of the extant copies of his printed collection, A Forest of Varieties , reveals that North’s labor did not end with publication: nearly every copy of his book bears further emendations in his hand. This article draws together for the first time the scattered evidence of North’s unusual authorial practice. It argues that North was deeply invested in a notion of his writings as inherently protean, and that rather than look for a progress narrative in North’s continual small-scale revisions, we must take each distinct version seriously as part of a larger commitment to a body of work that was as changeable as the author himself.

Inonotus obliquus (also known as Chaga) is a fungal parasite of birch trees that has been prized in folkloric medicine for centuries due to its curative powers against cancer and infectious diseases. Over the past decade, a number of studies have examined the anti-tumor properties of various Chaga extracts and demonstrated remarkable efficacy of this natural product in the treatment of solid tumors in mice. We sought to determine if ethanol extracts from Chaga affected the oncogenic properties of cultured melanoma cells. Treatment of B16F1 mouse melanoma cells with fresh ethanol extracts of Chaga resulted in strong increases in melanocyte dendricity as evidenced by increases in the number of cells with dendritic projections, the number of projections per cell, and total projection length. Chaga treatment led to cell cycle disruption as evidenced by decreased steady state cyclin mRNA expression and an increase in the number of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, Chaga treatment led...

(1996). Victim Impact Statements A brief examination of their implementation in Victoria. Current Issues in Criminal Justice: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 163-174.

A novel concept and the related testing methodology for a sensing device is presented. This device is used to determine the distributions of local residual stresses induced in wafer processes such as metalization and bumping. The sensing device is essentially a pressure sensor structure with a specified membrane thickness. Either a whole pressure sensor wafer or a single die sensor can be used for this purpose. This sensing device is put into the processes which are under investigation or being monitored. After each processing step, the membrane is deformed due to the process induced residual stress. The membrane deformation is either monitored continuously by the electrical signals from the pressure sensor during the process or measured by an optical method after each process step. Residual stresses are calculated from the measured membrane deformations.