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13. CCR4+ Skin-Tropic Phenotype as a Feature of Central Memory CD8+ T Cells in Healthy Subjects and Psoriasis Patients

Author

Casciano, F, Diani, M, Altomare, A, Granucci, F, Secchiero, P, Banfi, G, Reali, E, Casciano F., Diani M., Altomare A., Granucci F., Secchiero P., Banfi G., Reali E., Casciano, F, Diani, M, Altomare, A, Granucci, F, Secchiero, P, Banfi, G, Reali, E, Casciano F., Diani M., Altomare A., Granucci F., Secchiero P., Banfi G., and Reali E.

Abstract

The chemokine receptor CCR4 has emerged as a skin-homing molecule important for the migration of T cells from the blood to the dermis. From our previous data on psoriasis patients, CCR4+ memory T cells emerged as a putative recirculating population between skin and blood. Here we focused our attention on the expression of CCR4 and skin-tropic molecules in the different stages of memory T cell differentiation. We analyzed the chemokine receptor profile in CD8+ and CD4+ CD45RA−CCR7+ (TCM) and CD45RA−CCR7− (TEM) cells. Subpopulations were further divided on the basis of CD62L expression, and the distribution among the subsets of the skin-homing molecule CLA (Cutaneous Lymphocyte Antigen) was evaluated. The characterization was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 21 healthy subjects and 24 psoriasis patients. The results indicate that (i) the skin-homing CCR4 marker is mainly expressed in TCM cells, (ii) CCR4+ TCM cells also express high level of CLA and that (iii) the more differentiated phenotype TEM expresses CXCR3 and CCR5 but lower level of CCR4 and CLA. This indicates that progressive stages of memory T cell differentiation have profoundly different chemokine receptor patterns, with CD8+ TCM displaying a marked skin-tropic phenotype CLA+CCR4+. Differential skin-tropic phenotype between TCM and TEM cells was observed in both healthy subjects and psoriasis patients. However, patients showed an expanded circulating population of CD8+ TCM cells with phenotype CCR4+CXCR3+ that could play a role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and possibly in disease recurrence.

Published
2020

15. Increased frequency of activated CD8+ T cell effectors in patients with psoriatic arthritis

Author

Diani, M, Casciano, F, Marongiu, L, Longhi, M, Altomare, A, Pigatto, P, Secchiero, P, Gambari, R, Banfi, G, Manfredi, A, Altomare, G, Granucci, F, Reali, E, Diani M., Casciano F., Marongiu L., Longhi M., Altomare A., Pigatto P. D., Secchiero P., Gambari R., Banfi G., Manfredi A. A., Altomare G., Granucci F., Reali E., Diani, M, Casciano, F, Marongiu, L, Longhi, M, Altomare, A, Pigatto, P, Secchiero, P, Gambari, R, Banfi, G, Manfredi, A, Altomare, G, Granucci, F, Reali, E, Diani M., Casciano F., Marongiu L., Longhi M., Altomare A., Pigatto P. D., Secchiero P., Gambari R., Banfi G., Manfredi A. A., Altomare G., Granucci F., and Reali E.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify subsets of T cells differentially represented in the circulation of patients with psoriatic arthritis and to evaluate the possibility that they can recirculate between peripheral blood and the inflamed joints. We analyzed the phenotype and cytokine expression in circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in 69 subjects: 28 with cutaneous psoriasis, 15 patients with psoriatic arthritis, and 26 healthy subjects. In the circulation, the percentage of each subset was compared among the groups and correlation was calculated with the serum concentration of C-reactive protein. To investigate the migration of T cells towards the inflamed joints, we performed a transwell migration assay towards patient serum and synovial fluid. In selected patients we analyzed in parallel T cells from peripheral blood and from synovial fluid. In the circulation, we found increased percentage of CD8+ CCR6+ T cell effectors expressing CD69 and of IL-17-producing T cells in patients with psoriatic arthritis. CD8+ effector/effector memory T cells showed increased migration towards synovial fluid. Finally, in synovial fluid we found accumulation of CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells and CD69+ cells. CD4+ T cells in the two compartments shared many similarities with CD8+ T cells. The results indicate a role for memory T cell effectors in systemic and joint manifestations of psoriatic arthritis.

Published
2019

20. Matched Filter Based on the Radiative Transfer Model for CO2 Estimation From PRISMA Hyperspectral Data

Author

Acito, Nicola, Diani, M., Alibani, M., and Corsini, G.

Abstract

The rapid growth of hyperspectral satellite missions and the subsequent availability of hyperspectral images have encouraged the remote sensing community to investigate their potential in estimating the concentration of gases, such as methane (CH $_{ \boldsymbol {4}}$ ) and carbon dioxide (CO $_{ \boldsymbol {2}}$ ), which are related to the greenhouse effect. Though satellite hyperspectral sensors are not specifically designed for this purpose, they are expected to complement more specific satellite missions, such as NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory -2 and -3 (OCO-2 and OCO-3), both in terms of enriched temporal sampling and improved spatial resolution. In this work, we present a new method to estimate the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO $_{ \boldsymbol {2}}$ from hyperspectral data on a per-pixel basis. The method, which is here tailored to PRISMA images, leverages the spectral radiance samples collected in the short-wave InfraRed (SWIR) spectral region around the CO $_{ \boldsymbol {2}}$ absorption band at 2000 nm. By assuming a linear model to describe the dependence of the observed radiance on the CO $_{ \boldsymbol {2}}$ concentration, the estimation problem is reduced to matched filtering and can be effectively implemented in compliance with the low computational burden required to perform a pixel-by-pixel analysis. The performance of the presented method is investigated by means of a rigorous, physically based simulator that accurately reproduces the at-sensor radiance allowing one to check the validity of the assumptions and to assess the algorithm accuracy. The results show that the presented algorithm outperforms a benchmark continuum interpolated band ratio (CIBR)-based approach, which has been proposed in the literature to get fast per-pixel estimates of CO $_{ \boldsymbol {2}}$ concentration.

Published
2023
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21. Detection performance loss due to jitter in naval IRST systems

Author

Acito, N., Corsini, G., and Diani, M.

Subjects
Tracking systems -- Design and construction, Avionics -- Research, Aerospace and defense industries, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Infrared search and track (IRST) systems based on 3-D velocity filters are quite sensitive to the random motion that remains after egomotion compensation has occurred (jitter). These systems are designed to detect small targets at long range and they often employ track-before-detect (TBD) strategies to integrate the target signal ahmg consecutive frames. Jitter causes frame misalignment and leads to a reduction of the detection performance. We analyze the effects of jitter on the false alarm and detection probabilities and on the detection range. The analytical expressions here derived are a valuable tool both in the analysis and synthesis of IRST systems based on 3-D velocity filters.

Published
2008

25. High-resolution ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets by means of the range instantaneous Doppler technique: modeling and performance analysis

Author

Berizzi, F., Mese, E. Dalle, Diani, M., and Martorella, M.

Subjects
Image processing -- Research, Radar systems -- Research, Image processing software, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Use of the range instantaneous Doppler (RID) approach is proposed, for reconstructing very high resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) of maneuvering targets. It is shown that, for spatial resolutions, the RID approach is superior to the conventional range Doppler (RD) method.

Published
2001

28. Blood to skin recirculation of CD4+ memory T cells associates with cutaneous and systemic manifestations of psoriatic disease

Author

Diani, M, Galasso, M, Cozzi, C, Sgambelluri, F, Altomare, A, Cigni, C, Frigerio, E, Drago, L, Volinia, S, Granucci, F, Altomare, G, Reali, E, Diani M., Galasso M., Cozzi C., Sgambelluri F., Altomare A., Cigni C., Frigerio E., Drago L., Volinia S., Granucci F., Altomare G., Reali E., Diani, M, Galasso, M, Cozzi, C, Sgambelluri, F, Altomare, A, Cigni, C, Frigerio, E, Drago, L, Volinia, S, Granucci, F, Altomare, G, Reali, E, Diani M., Galasso M., Cozzi C., Sgambelluri F., Altomare A., Cigni C., Frigerio E., Drago L., Volinia S., Granucci F., Altomare G., and Reali E.

Abstract

Blood to skin recirculation could play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To investigate this possibility we dissected the phenotype of circulating T cells in psoriasis patients, calculated the correlation the clinical parameters of the disease and performed a parallel bioinformatics analysis of gene expression data in psoriatic skin. We found that circulating CCR6+ CD4+ TEM and TEFF cells significantly correlated with systemic inflammation. Conversely, the percentage of CXCR3+ CD4+ TEM cells negatively correlated with the severity of the cutaneous disease. Importantly CLA+ CD4+ TCM cells expressing CCR6+ or CCR4+ CXCR3+ negatively correlated with psoriasis severity suggesting recruitment to the skin compartment. This assumption was reinforced by gene expression data showing marked increase of CCR7 and CLA-encoding gene SELPLG expression in psoriatic skin and strong association of their expression. The data enlightens a role for CD4+ T cells trafficking between blood and skin in cutaneous and systemic manifestations of psoriasis.

Published
2017

32. X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron diffraction probing of Ge heteroepitaxyon Si (001) 2 x 1

Author

Diani, M., Bischoff, J.L., Kubler, L., and Bolmont, D.

Subjects
Epitaxy -- Research, Photoelectron spectroscopy -- Usage, Auger effect -- Usage, Physics
Abstract

The investigation of epitaxial molecular beam epitaxy growth of nanometric Germanium layers on silicon (001) 2 by 1, in situ, by X-ray silicon 2p photoelectron diffraction and Auger Ge LMM electron diffraction which consists primarily of preferential scattering of electrons in the direction of interatomic axes. The crystalline material quality and epitaxial perfection are affected by the residual pressure below a certain range, a decrease in the substrate temperature to room temperature, the deposition rate and the Ge overlayer thickness.

Published
1993

38. Statistical Analysis of Hyper-Spectral Data: A Non-Gaussian Approach

Author

Acito N, Corsini G, and Diani M

Subjects
Telecommunication, TK5101-6720, Electronics, TK7800-8360
Abstract

We investigate the statistical modeling of hyper-spectral data. The accurate modeling of experimental data is critical in target detection and classification applications. In fact, having a statistical model that is capable of properly describing data variability leads to the derivation of the best decision strategies together with a reliable assessment of algorithm performance. Most existing classification and target detection algorithms are based on the multivariate Gaussian model which, in many cases, deviates from the true statistical behavior of hyper-spectral data. This motivated us to investigate the capability of non-Gaussian models to represent data variability in each background class. In particular, we refer to models based on elliptically contoured (EC) distributions. We consider multivariate EC-t distribution and two distinct mixture models based on EC distributions. We describe the methodology adopted for the statistical analysis and we propose a technique to automatically estimate the unknown parameters of statistical models. Finally, we discuss the results obtained by analyzing data gathered by the multispectral infrared and visible imaging spectrometer (MIVIS) sensor.

Published
2007

39. A FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING UNDERWATER OBJECT RECOGNITION PERFORMANCE WITH FLUORESCENCE LIDAR

Author

Matteoli S., Zotta L., Diani M., and Corsini G.

Subjects
fluorescence lidar, underwater object recognition, performance forecasting
Abstract

Detecting and recognizing underwater objects is a topic of great interest in many maritime applications, such as harbor security, safe navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles, and safety of the littoral zone [1]. Fluorescence Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) systems play an important role in this context. In this work, a framework for predicting the performance of underwater object recognition by means of fluorescence LDAR is proposed with the aim of assisting the user during operations such as mission planning and LIDAR system design. Experimental results obtained within a Monte Carlo simulation framework reveal the potential of the proposed framework.

Published
2017

42. Recognition of polyhedra by photometric stereo

Author

Carrioli, L., Cei, U., Diani, M., Goos, G., editor, Hartmanis, J., editor, Barstow, D., editor, Brauer, W., editor, Brinch Hansen, P., editor, Gries, D., editor, Luckham, D., editor, Moler, C., editor, Pnueli, A., editor, Seegmüller, G., editor, Stoer, J., editor, Wirth, N., editor, Cantoni, Virginio, editor, Creutzburg, Reiner, editor, Levialdi, Stefano, editor, and Wolf, G., editor

Published
1989
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48. X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron diffraction probing of Ge heteroepitaxy on Si (001) 2×1.

Author

Diani, M., Bischoff, J. L., Kubler, L., and Bolmont, D.

Subjects
*MOLECULAR beams, *EPITAXY, *GERMANIUM, *SILICON
Abstract

Investigates the epitaxial molecular beam epitaxy growth of nanometric germanium layers on silicon (001) 2 X 1. Characterization methods used to control the growth of available germanium molecular beam epitaxy deposits; Details on the experiment; Results of the study.

Published
1993
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49. A role for CCR5+CD4 T cells in cutaneous psoriasis and for CD103+ CCR4+ CD8 Teff cells in the associated systemic inflammation

Author

Sgambelluri, F, Diani, M, Altomare, A, Frigerio, E, Drago, L, Granucci, F, Banfi, G, Altomare, G, Reali, E, GRANUCCI, FRANCESCA, BANFI, GIUSEPPE, REALI, EVA, Sgambelluri, F, Diani, M, Altomare, A, Frigerio, E, Drago, L, Granucci, F, Banfi, G, Altomare, G, Reali, E, GRANUCCI, FRANCESCA, BANFI, GIUSEPPE, and REALI, EVA

Abstract

Recent results have identified critical components of the T cell response involved in the initiation and amplification phases of psoriasis. However the link between T cell responses arising in the skin and the systemic inflammation associated with severe psoriasis is largely unknown. We hypothesized that specific subsets of memory T cells recirculating from the skin could play a role. We therefore dissected the circulating memory T cell compartment in patients by analyzing the TCM, TEM and Teff phenotype, the pattern of CCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptor expression and the expression of the tissue homing molecule CD103. For each subset we calculated the correlation with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and with the extent of systemic inflammation measured as serum level of the prototypic short pentraxin, C reactive protein (CRP). Validation was performed by comparison with gene expression data in psoriatic plaques. We found that circulating CD103+CCR4+CCR5+ and CCR4+CCR6- CD8+ Teff cells, were highly correlated with CRP levels as well as with the validated index PASI, reflecting a link between skin involvement and systemic inflammation in patients with severe psoriasis. In addition we observed a contraction of circulating CCR5+ T cells in psoriasis patients, with a highly significant inverse correlation between CCR5+CD4 T cells and the PASI score. Increased expression of CCR5 and CCL5 genes in psoriatic skin lesions was consistent with an accumulation of CCR5+ cells in psoriatic plaques indicating a role for CCR5/CCL5 axis in disease pathogenesis.

Published
2016

50. Performance Analysis of Two Adaptive Radar Detectors Against Non-Gaussian Real Sea Clutter Data

Author

GINI, F., GRECO, M. V., DIANI, M., and VERRAZZANI, L.

Subjects
Radar detectors -- Research, Adaptive control -- Research, Aerospace and defense industries, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Adaptive radar detection in non-Gaussian clutter is the subject of this work. The performance of two adaptive detection schemes developed in the literature, Kelly's generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and the adaptive linear-quadratic (ALQ) detector, are tested on real sea clutter data recorded by the IPIX experimental radar (McMaster University, Canada) at the Osborne Head Gunnery Range (OHGR) in November 1993. The results of first- and second-order statistical analyses performed on two data sets are reported. Amplitude analysis has been carried out by checking the fitting to Weibull, log-normal, K, and generalized K models. The results show good agreement between performance prediction based on the generalized K model, with texture strongly correlated among primary and secondary data, and the performance obtained by processing the real sea clutter data.

Published
2000

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