Author: "Diane Barker" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

78 results on '"Diane Barker"'

1. Optimizing heart failure pathways to enhance patient care: the Program to Optimize Heart Failure Patient Pathways (PRO‐HF)

Author: Ashish Patwala, Diane Barker, Antoine Da Costa, Geoffrey Bayard, Hans‐Peter Brunner‐La Rocca, Ricardo Fontes‐Carvalho, Luis De la Fuente, Marc Goralski, Niall G. Mahon, David Roque, Mario Santos, Zaheer Yousef, Hela Ben Hamouda, Mark Teal, François Christory, Fozia Zahir Ahmed, and Alexandre Mebazaa
Subjects: Heart failure, HF pathway, HF protocol, HF specialist care, Multidisciplinary team, Pathway optimization, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Aims Many European healthcare providers struggle to adopt multidisciplinary, integrated care pathways for people with heart failure (HF) as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology. PRO‐HF (Program to Optimize Heart Failure Patient Pathways) was developed to help clinicians identify strengths, gaps, and shortcomings in their HF pathways and support tailored interventions to optimize pathways and enhance patient care. We report initial findings from baseline assessments of HF pathway characteristics and challenges from 10 hospitals in six European countries (France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom). Methods and results Baseline assessments were holistic appraisals of full HF services to calibrate current status and development needs and assist management teams in prioritizing improvement projects. Assessments were performed using a comprehensive checklist of measures covering the HF patient journey from diagnosis to ongoing follow‐up. These included a digital survey sent to full HF care teams and one‐to‐one interviews. The digital survey focused on four key areas (HF outpatient clinic; remote patient management; efficient device implantation and inpatient pathways; and network maximization) and 16 dimensions of excellence. Priority areas and themes for action identified in baseline assessments were (i) provision of HF specialist care; (ii) data capture and analysis; (iii) institutional care protocols; (iv) hospital‐wide strategies; and (v) multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). Suboptimal specialist care of emergency inpatients was an issue at all hospitals and prioritized at 8/10. Availability and accessibility of data on patients, activities, and outcomes was an issue at all hospitals and prioritized by 4/10. A lack of clear protocols, templates, and tools for some HF activities created variability in patient care (e.g., HF specialist consultations, diagnostic testing, follow‐up appointments, medications, and device eligibility) and inefficient use of clinician time. This made it difficult to initiate new technologies (e.g., remote patient monitoring) due to the risk of overburdening staff. MDTs were frequently understaffed. Multiple interventions were identified to address gaps and shortcomings that could be tailored to specific needs of individual hospitals (e.g., inpatient pathway optimization, creation/optimization of HF outpatient clinics, development of an HF performance dashboard, enhancement of protocol adherence, streamlining cardiac resynchronisation therapy pathways, and MDT coordination). Conclusions PRO‐HF provides a valuable opportunity to identify gaps and significant shortcomings in HF pathways in European hospitals. Preliminary findings from hospitals that have initiated suggested changes to address these challenges are encouraging, though longer‐term follow‐up from more hospitals is needed to confirm the impact of PRO‐HF on HF pathway optimization and patient care.
Published: 2024
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2. What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings

Author: Chun Shing Kwok, Jacopo Tafuro, Chun Wai Wong, Sadie Bennett, Donah Zachariah, Diane Barker, Adrian Morley-Davies, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Mark Gunning, and Josip A. Borovac
Subjects: death, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrest, cardiovascular departments, sepsis, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract: Despite the efforts to deliver the best evidence-based care, in-hospital death is an inevitable event among some patients hospitalized in cardiology departments. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of mortality events from inpatient admissions to the cardiology department between 2010 and 2019. Data were collected from morbidity and mortality meeting presentations that evaluated comorbidities, medical history, treatments, and causes of death for the overall cohort and according to age group and sex. There were 1182 registered deaths. The most common causes of death among patients were acute myocardial infarction (AMI, 53.0%), heart failure (HF, 11.7%), cardiac arrest (CA, 6.6%), HF with complication/defined cardiomyopathy (6.3%), and sepsis (4.4%). We observed a decline in deaths from AMI from 61.9% in 2010 to 46.7% in 2019, while there was a clear increase in deaths from HF (11.1% in 2010 to 25.9% in 2019). Compared to patients ≥65 years, younger patients were more likely to have died from CA (15.7% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001) and other cardiac reasons (3.0% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). The majority of deaths were due to AMI, HF, and CA. We observed a significant declining trend in the proportion of deaths due to AMI in recent years, with an increase in deaths due to HF.
Published: 2023
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3. A Review of the Wide Range of Indications and Uses of Implantable Loop Recorders: A Review of the Literature

Author: Chun Shing Kwok, Daniel Darlington, Joseph Mayer, Gaurav Panchal, Vincent Walker, Donah Zachariah, Thanh Phan, Christian D. Mallen, Diane Barker, and Ashish Patwala
Subjects: implantable loop recorder, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, Medicine
Abstract: Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are devices that are implanted subcutaneously on the chest, which enables the continuous monitoring of arrhythmias for up to three years. These devices have an important role in helping to make a diagnosis and supporting decisions about the best patient management. There are currently three companies that produce ILRs. The Reveal DX and XT device is produced by Medtronic. The Confirm device is produced by Abbott. The Biomonitor III device is produced by Biotronik. The established indications for ILR include the management of transient loss of consciousness and the diagnosis of undocumented palpitations; however, they are also used for less established applications, including atrial fibrillation (AF) monitoring and risk stratification in patients with previous myocardial infarction or inherited cardiomyopathies. There is also diverse literature exploring the use of these devices in other populations, including patients with conditions such as congenital heart disease, amyloidosis, stroke, obstructive sleep apnea, renal transplant and patients who undergo procedures such as AF ablation and coronary artery bypass graft. In this review, we describe how the use of ILR has been applied in different settings, including patients with cardiac and non-cardiac conditions as well as post-cardiac procedures. We then discuss the potential issues related to using ILR in these other indications.
Published: 2022
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4. Rationale and Design of the Efficacy of a Standardized Diuretic Protocol in Acute Heart Failure Study

Author: Jeroen Dauw, Malgorzata Lelonek, Isabel Zegri‐Reiriz, Cynthia P. Paredes‐Paucar, Cornelia Zara, Varghese George, Marta Cobo‐Marcos, Dorit Knappe, Dmitry Shchekochikhin, Annop Lekhakul, Milka Klincheva, Simone Frea, Òscar Miró, Diane Barker, Attila Borbély, Samer Nasr, Nawal Doghmi, Rafael de laEspriella, Jagdeep S. Singh, Virginia Bovolo, Inês Fialho, Noel T. Ross, Mieke van denHeuvel, Riad Benkouar, Hajo Findeisen, Imad A. Alhaddad, Kais Al Balbissi, Gonzalo Barge‐Caballero, Azmee M. Ghazi, Liesbeth Bruckers, Pieter Martens, and Wilfried Mullens
Subjects: Acute heart failure, Diuretics, Urinary sodium, Decongestion, Protocol, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Aims Although acute heart failure (AHF) with volume overload is treated with loop diuretics, their dosing and type of administration are mainly based upon expert opinion. A recent position paper from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) proposed a step‐wise pharmacologic diuretic strategy to increase the diuretic response and to achieve rapid decongestion. However, no study has evaluated this protocol prospectively. Methods and results The Efficacy of a Standardized Diuretic Protocol in Acute Heart Failure (ENACT‐HF) study is an international, multicentre, non‐randomized, open‐label, pragmatic study in AHF patients on chronic loop diuretic therapy, admitted to the hospital for intravenous loop diuretic therapy, aiming to enrol 500 patients. Inclusion criteria are as follows: at least one sign of volume overload (oedema, ascites, or pleural effusion), use ≥ 40 mg of furosemide or equivalent for >1 month, and a BNP > 250 ng/L or an N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide > 1000 pg/L. The study is designed in two sequential phases. During Phase 1, all centres will treat consecutive patients according to the local standard of care. In the Phase 2 of the study, all centres will implement a standardized diuretic protocol in the next cohort of consecutive patients. The protocol is based upon the recently published HFA algorithm on diuretic use and starts with intravenous administration of two times the oral home dose. It includes early assessment of diuretic response with a spot urinary sodium measurement after 2 h and urine output after 6 h. Diuretics will be tailored further based upon these measurements. The study is powered for its primary endpoint of natriuresis after 1 day and will be able to detect a 15% difference with 80% power. Secondary endpoints are natriuresis and diuresis after 2 days, change in congestion score, change in weight, in‐hospital mortality, and length of hospitalization. Conclusions The ENACT‐HF study will investigate whether a step‐wise diuretic approach, based upon early assessment of urinary sodium and urine output as proposed by the HFA, is feasible and able to improve decongestion in AHF with volume overload.
Published: 2021
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5. Outcomes of Patients Who Have Incidental Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Identified on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Interrogation

Author: Aditya Narain, Chun Shing Kwok, Caterina Liggett-Wright, Joseph Mayer, Daniel Darlington, Fozia Z. Ahmed, Thanh Phan, and Diane Barker
Subjects: non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, cardiac implantable devices, outcomes, Medicine
Abstract: Background: Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is an arrhythmia prevalent in both structurally normal and abnormal hearts. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective clinical audit of patients followed-up in a device clinic with one or more incidental NSVT episodes recorded on their device between November 2017 and August 2018 and followed up patients for outcomes until January 2019. Results: A total of 83 patients were included in the analysis with one or more episodes of NSVT on device interrogation. Those identified to have NSVT were more likely to be male (74.7%) and there was a mean of 14.2 beats per episode and a mean of 3.7 episodes for each patient. Only 24.7% of patients had electrolytes checked within 4 weeks of episode detection and 18.3% had an echocardiogram post-episode. The majority of patients (73.5%) were followed up again in the pacing clinic but had no changes in medication, or other management implemented. In terms of outcomes, 81.7% of patients had no admission to hospital, mortality, or shock during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Most patients who developed NSVT did not have an extra follow-up, medication review, or investigation. Despite this, outcomes such as admission, shock, or death were uncommon.
Published: 2021
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6. A Critical Evaluation of Patient Pathways and Missed Opportunities in Treatment for Heart Failure

Author: Chun Shing Kwok, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Fozia Z. Ahmed, Colin D. Chue, Diane Barker, Ashish Patwala, Simon Duckett, and Christian D. Mallen
Subjects: heart failure, treatments, therapy, opportunities, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global problem responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Methods: This review describes the patient pathways and missed opportunities related to treatment for patients with HF. Results: The contemporary management strategies in HF, including medical therapies, device therapy, transplant, and palliative care. Despite the strong evidence base for therapies that improve prognosis and symptoms, there remains a large number of patients that are not optimally managed. The treatment of patients with HF is highly influenced by those who are caring for them and varies widely across geographical regions. HF patients can be broadly classified into two key groups: those who have known HF, and those who are incidentally found to have reduced left ventricular systolic dysfunction or other cardiac abnormality when an echocardiogram is performed. While all patients are under the care of a general practitioner or family doctor, in other instances, non-cardiologist physicians, cardiologists, and specialist HF nurses—each will have varying levels of expertise in managing HF—are part of the broader team involved in the specialist management of patients with HF. Conclusions: There are many potential missed opportunities in HF treatment, which include general opportunities, medications, etiology-specific therapy, device therapy, therapies when initial treatments fail, and palliative care.
Published: 2022
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7. The role of the Tei index in assessing for cardiotoxicity from anthracycline chemotherapy: a systematic review

Author: Sadie Bennett, Arzu Cubukcu, Chun Wai Wong, Timothy Griffith, Cheryl Oxley, Diane Barker, Simon Duckett, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Ashish Patwala, Grant Heatlie, and Chun Shing Kwok
Subjects: myocardial performance index, tei index, cardiotoxicity, 2d echocardiography, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: Anthracycline agents are known to be effective in treating tumors and hematological malignancies. Although these agents improve survival, their use is associated with cardiotoxic effects, which most commonly manifests as left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). As such, guidelines recommend the periodic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, as diastolic dysfunction likely proceeds systolic impairment in this setting, the role of Tei index may offer additional benefit in detecting subclinical LVSD. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to investigate the evidence for the use of Tei index in assessing subclinical cardiotoxicity in patients receiving anticancer agents. A search of Medline and EMBASE was performed and relevant studies were reviewed and narratively synthesized. Results: A total of 13 studies were included with a total of 800 patients (mean age range 46–62 years, percentage of male participants ranged from 0–86.9%). An increase in Tei index was observed in 11 studies, which suggested a decline in cardiac function following chemotherapy. Out of these, six studies indicated that the Tei index is a useful parameter in predicting cardiotoxic LVSD. Furthermore, five studies indicated Tei index to be superior to LVEF in detecting subclinical cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: Though there are some studies that suggest that Tei index may be a useful indicator in assessing subclinical anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity, the findings are inconsistent and so more studies are needed before the evaluation of Tei index is performed routinely in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Published: 2021
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8. Review paper: A reappraisal of concepts in heart failure: Central role of cardiac power reserve

Author: Simon G. Williams, Diane Barker, David F. Goldspink, and Lip-Bun Tan
Subjects: cardiac power output, cardiac functional assessment, peak oxygen consumption, chronic heart failure., Medicine
Abstract: Of all cardiological conditions, heart failure (HF) is by far conceptually the most difficult to grasp. For over a century, it has been beset with a number of misconceptions, which require reappraisal. Central to these misleading concepts is the absence of a reliable means of evaluating what constitutes heart failure and how to assess and ameliorate its severity. To attain this necessitates our moving away from the easier assessments at rest to measurements at peak exercise. Taking the key function of the cardiac pump as the delivery of adequate hydraulic energy to maintain the requisite circulation, it becomes apparent that the parameter we require is cardiac power output reserve, which incorporates both the flow- and pressure-generating capacity of the heart. Evidence available so far has shown that this variable is a major determinant of exercise incapacity and prognosis in patients with heart failure.
Published: 2005

9. The role of the Tei index in assessing for cardiotoxicity from anthracycline chemotherapy: a systematic review

Author: Bennett, Sadie, Cubukcu, Arzu, Wong, Chun Wai, Griffith, Timothy, Oxley, Cheryl, Barker, Diane, Duckett, Simon, Satchithananda, Duwarakan, Patwala, Ashish, Heatlie, Grant, Kwok, Chun Shing, Timothy, Griffith, Chery, Oxley, Diane, Barker, Simon, Duckett, Duwarakan, Satchithananda, Ashish, Patwala, Grant, Heatlie, and Kwok, Chun Shing
Published: 2021
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10. Misdiagnosis of aortic dissection: A systematic review of the literature

Author: Saul Lovatt, Chun Wai Wong, Konstantin Schwarz, Josip A. Borovac, Ted Lo, Mark Gunning, Thanh Phan, Ashish Patwala, Diane Barker, Christian D. Mallen, and Chun Shing Kwok
Subjects: Aortic Dissection, Chest Pain, Back Pain, Emergency Medicine, Humans, Aortic dissection, Diagnosis, Misdiagnosis, Outcomes, Stanford A, Stanford B, Debakey, AD, General Medicine, Diagnostic Errors, RC666, Syncope, RC
Abstract: Background\ud Aortic dissection is a rare but potentially catastrophic condition. Misdiagnosis of aortic dissection is not uncommon as symptoms can overlap with other diagnoses.\ud \ud Objective\ud We conducted a systematic review to better understand the factors contributing to incorrect diagnosis of this condition.\ud \ud Methods\ud We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies that evaluated the misdiagnosis of aortic dissection. The rate of misdiagnosis was pooled and results were narratively synthesized.\ud \ud Results\ud A total of 12 studies with were included with 1663 patients. The overall rate of misdiagnosis of aortic dissection was 33.8%. The proportion of patients presenting with chest pain, back pain and syncope were 67.5%, 24.8% and 6.8% respectively. The proportion of patients with pre-existing hypertension was 55.4%, 30.5% were smokers while the proportion of patients with coronary artery disease, previous cardiovascular surgery or surgical trauma and Marfan syndrome was 14.7%, 5.8%, and 3.7%, respectively. Factors related to misdiagnosis included the presence of symptoms and features associated with other diseases (such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke and pulmonary embolism), the absence of typical features (such as widened mediastinum on chest X-ray) or concurrent conditions such congestive heart failure. Factors associated with more accurate diagnosis included more comprehensive history taking and increased use of imaging.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud Misdiagnosis in patients with an eventual diagnosis of aortic dissection affects 1 in 3 patients. Clinicians should consider aortic dissection as differential diagnosis in patients with chest pain, back pain and syncope. Imaging should be used early to make the diagnosis when aortic dissection is suspected.
Published: 2022

11. Rationale and Design of the Efficacy of a Standardized Diuretic Protocol in Acute Heart Failure Study

Author: Riad Benkouar, Kais Al Balbissi, Nawal Doghmi, Noel Thomas Ross, Wilfried Mullens, Simone Frea, Virginia Bovolo, Milka Klincheva, Małgorzata Lelonek, Azmee Mohd Ghazi, Cynthia P. Paredes-Paucar, Hajo Findeisen, Rafael de la Espriella, Mieke van den Heuvel, Isabel Zegri-Reiriz, Varghese George, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Imad A. Alhaddad, Samer Nasr, Òscar Miró, Pieter Martens, Liesbeth Bruckers, Marta Cobo-Marcos, Attila Borbély, Dmitry Shchekochikhin, Inês Fialho, Cornelia Zara, Dorit Knappe, Jeroen Dauw, Jagdeep Singh, Annop Lekhakul, Diane Barker, Shchekochikhin, Dmitry/0000-0002-8209-2791, Paredes Paucar, Cynthia/0000-0003-0734-6437, Dauw, Jeroen/0000-0003-4605-3450, Lelonek, Malgorzata/0000-0003-0756-5541, DAUW, Jeroen, Lelonek, Malgorzata, Zegri-Reiriz, Isabel, Paredes-Paucar, Cynthia P., Zara, Cornelia, George, Varghese, Cobo-Marcos, Marta, Knappe, Dorit, Shchekochikhin, Dmitry, Lekhakul, Annop, Klincheva, Milka, Frea, Simone, Miro, Oscar, Barker, Diane, Borbely, Attila, Nasr, Samer, Doghmi, Nawal, de la Espriella, Rafael, Singh, Jagdeep S., Bovolo, Virginia, Fialho, Ines, Ross, Noel T., van den Heuvel, Marcel, Benkouar, Riad, Findeisen, Hajo, Alhaddad, Imad A., Al Balbissi, Kais, Barge-Caballero, Gonzalo, Ghazi, Azmee M., BRUCKERS, Liesbeth, MARTENS, Pieter, and MULLENS, Wilfried
Subjects: medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Study Designs, Decongestion, Volume overload, Diuresis, Natriuresis, Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Furosemide, Acute heart failure, Diuretics, Urinary sodium, Protocol, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Infusions, Intravenous, Heart Failure, Study Design, business.industry, Loop diuretic, medicine.disease, Anesthesia, Heart failure, RC666-701, Diuretic, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: AIMS: Although acute heart failure (AHF) with volume overload is treated with loop diuretics, their dosing and type of administration are mainly based upon expert opinion. A recent position paper from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) proposed a step-wise pharmacologic diuretic strategy to increase the diuretic response and to achieve rapid decongestion. However, no study has evaluated this protocol prospectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Efficacy of a Standardized Diuretic Protocol in Acute Heart Failure (ENACT-HF) study is an international, multicentre, non-randomized, open-label, pragmatic study in AHF patients on chronic loop diuretic therapy, admitted to the hospital for intravenous loop diuretic therapy, aiming to enrol 500 patients. Inclusion criteria are as follows: at least one sign of volume overload (oedema, ascites, or pleural effusion), use=40mg of furosemide or equivalent for >1month, and a BNP>250ng/L or an N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide>1000pg/L. The study is designed in two sequential phases. During Phase 1, all centres will treat consecutive patients according to the local standard of care. In the Phase 2 of the study, all centres will implement a standardized diuretic protocol in the next cohort of consecutive patients. The protocol is based upon the recently published HFA algorithm on diuretic use and starts with intravenous administration of two times the oral home dose. It includes early assessment of diuretic response with a spot urinary sodium measurement after 2h and urine output after 6h. Diuretics will be tailored further based upon these measurements. The study is powered for its primary endpoint of natriuresis after 1day and will be able to detect a 15% difference with 80% power. Secondary endpoints are natriuresis and diuresis after 2days, change in congestion score, change in weight, in-hospital mortality, and length of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The ENACT-HF study will investigate whether a step-wise diuretic approach, based upon early assessment of urinary sodium and urine output as proposed by the HFA, is feasible and able to improve decongestion in AHF with volume overload.
Published: 2021

12. Misdiagnosis of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Author: Christian D Mallen, Simon Duckett, Ziyad Azam, Chun Shing Kwok, Ashish Patwala, Fozia Z. Ahmed, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Diane Barker, Jacopo Tafuro, and Chun Wai Wong
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Cardiomyopathy, Comorbidity, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Diagnostic Errors, education, Heart Failure, education.field_of_study, COPD, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, RC666, medicine.disease, R1, Heart failure, Chronic Disease, Cohort, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, RA, Kidney disease
Abstract: Background Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease associated with a significant burden to patients, families, and health services. The diagnosis of HF can be easily missed owing to similar symptoms with other conditions especially respiratory diseases. Methods and Results We conducted a systematic review to determine the rates of HF and cardiomyopathy misdiagnosis and explored the potential causes. The included studies were narratively synthesized. Ten studies were identified including a total of 223,859 patients. There was a lack of definition of HF misdiagnosis in the studies and inconsistent diagnostic criteria were used. The rates of HF misdiagnosis ranged from 16.1% in hospital setting to 68.5% when general practitioner referred patients to specialist setting. The most common cause for misdiagnosis was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One study using a COPD cohort showed that HF was unrecognized in 20.5% of patients and 8.1% had misdiagnosis of HF as COPD. Another study suggests that anemia and chronic kidney disease are associated with an increase in the odds of unrecognized left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Other comorbidities such as obesity, old age, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic heart disease are prevalent in patients with a misdiagnosis of HF. Conclusions The misdiagnosis of HF is an unfortunate part of everyday clinical practice that occurs with a variable rate depending on the population studied. HF is frequently misdiagnosed as COPD. More research is needed to better understand the missed opportunities to correctly diagnose HF so that harm to patients can be avoided and effective treatments can be implemented.
Published: 2021

13. Missed Opportunities in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure: Evaluation of Pathways to Determine Sources of Delay to Specialist Evaluation

Author: Chun Shing Kwok, Hayley Burke, Sarah McDermott, Vicky Welsh, Diane Barker, Ashish Patwala, Simon Duckett, Duwarakan Satchithananda, and Christian D. Mallen
Subjects: Heart Failure, Physiology (medical), Emergency Medicine, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Missed opportunities are incidents where different actions by those involved could have resulted in more desirable events. Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome presenting as symptoms and signs common to other diagnoses, in patients frequently with multiple co-morbidities. Heart failure itself is not a diagnosis, but is the common clinical presentation of a variety of cardiac conditions. Correct diagnosis involves amalgamation of the clinical presentation, the results of general and specific investigations, and the clinician's ability to synthesize the overall picture. It is not surprising therefore that misdiagnosis can occur at any level of the heart failure journey and can occur because of patient, clinician, and health economy related factors. Delayed diagnosis leads to excess morbidity and mortality in these patients. In this review, we define the pathways for diagnosis of heart failure and then highlight missed opportunities related to delay and misdiagnosis. In addition, we consider how the earlier opportunity may impact patients, clinicians and health services.
Published: 2022

14. Outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic device transvenous lead extractions performed in centers without onsite cardiac surgery

Author: Ashish Patwala, Mohamed O. Mohamed, Arnold J. Greenspon, Mamas A. Mamas, Muhammad Rashid, Diane Barker, Jessica Potts, Chun Shing Kwok, and Tahmeed Contractor
Subjects: Male, Pacemaker, Artificial, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Major complication, Significant risk, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Device Removal, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Critically ill, Guideline, Middle Aged, RC666, R1, United States, Defibrillators, Implantable, Electrodes, Implanted, Transvenous lead, Cardiac surgery, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Emergency medicine, Female, Cardiology Service, Hospital, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lead extraction
Abstract: Background: While major complications associated with CIED lead extractions are uncommon, they carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality in the absence of surgical intervention. However, there is limited data on the differences in outcomes of these procedures between centers with and without on-site CS support. The present study examined outcomes of transvenous cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) lead extractions according to admitting hospitals’ cardiac surgery (CS) facilities.\ud \ud Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample for CIED lead extraction procedures, stratified by hospitals’ CS facilities into two groups; on-site and off-site CS. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the adjusted odds (aOR) of procedure-related complications in off-site CS centers. \ud \ud Results: In 221,606 procedures over an 11-year-period, CIED lead extractions were increasingly undertaken in on-site as opposed to off-site CS centers (Onsite CS 2004 vs. 2014: 78.2% vs. 90.4%, p
Published: 2020

15. Outcomes of Patients Who Have Incidental Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Identified on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Interrogation

Author: Thanh Phan, Aditya Narain, Daniel Darlington, Fozia Z. Ahmed, Chun Shing Kwok, Diane Barker, Caterina Liggett-Wright, and Joseph Mayer
Subjects: Medication review, Clinical audit, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, cardiac implantable devices, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ventricular tachycardia, medicine.disease, outcomes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sustained ventricular tachycardia, Internal medicine, Shock (circulatory), Cardiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, business
Abstract: Background: Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is an arrhythmia prevalent in both structurally normal and abnormal hearts. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective clinical audit of patients followed-up in a device clinic with one or more incidental NSVT episodes recorded on their device between November 2017 and August 2018 and followed up patients for outcomes until January 2019. Results: A total of 83 patients were included in the analysis with one or more episodes of NSVT on device interrogation. Those identified to have NSVT were more likely to be male (74.7%) and there was a mean of 14.2 beats per episode and a mean of 3.7 episodes for each patient. Only 24.7% of patients had electrolytes checked within 4 weeks of episode detection and 18.3% had an echocardiogram post-episode. The majority of patients (73.5%) were followed up again in the pacing clinic but had no changes in medication, or other management implemented. In terms of outcomes, 81.7% of patients had no admission to hospital, mortality, or shock during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Most patients who developed NSVT did not have an extra follow-up, medication review, or investigation. Despite this, outcomes such as admission, shock, or death were uncommon.
Published: 2021
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16. Prevalence, Outcomes, and Costs According to Patient Frailty Status for 2.9 Million Cardiac Electronic Device Implantations in the United States

Author: Rahul Bhardwaj, Mohamed O. Mohamed, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Chun Shing Kwok, Mamas A. Mamas, Ashish Patwala, Parikshit S. Sharma, Diane Barker, and Muhammad Rashid
Subjects: Male, Pacemaker, Artificial, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Costs, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Framingham Risk Score, Frailty, business.industry, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, RC666, Prognosis, United States, Defibrillators, Implantable, Frailty assessment, Survival Rate, Costs and Cost Analysis, Female, National database, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: Little is known about the impact of frailty on length of stay (LOS), cost and inhospital procedural outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation procedures.\ud \ud Methods: All de novo CIED implantations recorded in the United States (2004-2014) from a national database were stratified according to the Hospital Frailty Risk Score into low-risk (LRF;15) frailty groups. Regression analyses were performed to assess the association between frailty and procedural outcomes.\ud \ud Results: Out of 2,902,721 implantations, LRF, IRF and HRF were 77.6%, 21.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Frailty increased from 2004 to 2014 (IRF: 14.3% to 32.5%, HRF: 0.2% to 3.3%). Complications were 2-3 fold higher in the IRF and HRF groups, while all-cause mortality was 4 to 9-fold higher in IRF (2.9%) and HRF (5.3%) groups, depending on the type of CIED (p
Published: 2019

17. Correcting Data for Body Size May Confound Results

Author: Lip-Bun Tan, Nigel J. Artis, and Diane Barker
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physical fitness, MEDLINE, Body size, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, Surgery, Text mining, Heart failure, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine
Published: 2021

18. Trends of sex differences in outcomes of cardiac electronic device implantations in the United States

Author: Ashish Patwala, Mamas A. Mamas, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Chun Shing Kwok, Glen P. Martin, Tahmeed Contractor, Diane Barker, Mohamed O. Mohamed, and Parikshit S. Sharma
Subjects: Cardiovascular event, medicine.medical_specialty, Conceptualization, business.industry, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Implantation procedure, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Adverse effect, business, Sex characteristics
Abstract: Background There is limited evidence on the differences in procedural outcomes between sexes after de novo cardiac implantable electronic device implantation (CIED). Furthermore, it is unclear whether any sex-based disparities have changed over the years. Purpose To compare procedural outcomes of de novo CIED implantation between sexes and study the trends of these outcomes over a 11-year period in a nationally representative sample. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample, all hospitalisations between 2004 and 2014 for de novo CIED implantation were included, stratified by sex. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to 1) examine the association between sex and in-hospital complications of CIED implantation, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and 2) analyse trends of in-hospital outcomes by assessing the interaction term between time (years) and sex as covariates. Results Out of 2,815,613 hospitalisations for de novo CIED implantation, 41.9% were performed on women. Women were associated with increased adjusted odds of major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of mortality, thoracic and cardiac complications; OR 1.17 95% CI 1.16, 1.19), procedure-related bleeding (OR 1.13 95% CI 1.12, 1.15), and local complications (thoracic: OR 1.42 95% CI 1.40, 1.44, cardiac: OR 1.44 95% CI 1.38, 1.50). (p Conclusion In a national cohort of CIED implantations we demonstrate that women are at a persistently higher risk of procedure-related adverse events other than mortality compared to men. This trend is concerning and warrants further work on procedural techniques to neutralise these sex disparities. Trends of odds of complications in women Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): This work constitutes part of a PhD for MOM that is supported by Medtronic Ltd. Medtronic Ltd. was not involved in the conceptualization, design, conduct, analysis, or interpretation of the current study.
Published: 2020

19. Discharge against medical advice after hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction

Author: Rodrigo Bagur, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Chun Shing Kwok, Ashish Patwala, Mamas A. Mamas, David L. Fischman, Mirvat Alasnag, Glen P. Martin, Diane Barker, and Mary Norine Walsh
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Population, Myocardial Infarction, Psychological intervention, Acute myocardial infarction, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Patient Readmission, Odds, Cohort Studies, Treatment Refusal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, parasitic diseases, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Unplanned readmission, Humans, Psychology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, quality and outcomes of care, education, Aged, Health Services Needs and Demand, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Against medical advice, Middle Aged, RC666, medicine.disease, Quality Improvement, Patient Discharge, United States, Hospitalization, Emergency medicine, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract: BackgroundDischarge against medical advice (AMA) occurs infrequently but is associated with poor outcomes. There are limited descriptions of discharges AMA in national cohorts of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aims to evaluate discharge AMA in AMI and how it affects readmissions.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of patients with AMI in USA in the Nationwide Readmission Database who were admitted between the years 2010 and 2014. Descriptive statistics were presented for variables according to discharge home or AMA. The primary end point was all-cause 30-day unplanned readmissions and their causes.Results2663 019 patients were admitted with AMI of which 10.3% (n=162 070) of 1569 325 patients had an unplanned readmission within 30 days. The crude rate of discharge AMA remained stable between 2010 and 2014 at 1.5%. Discharge AMA was an independent predictor of unplanned all-cause readmissions (OR 2.27 95% CI 2.14 to 2.40); patients who discharged AMA had >twofold increased crude rate of readmission for AMI (30.4% vs 13.4%) and higher crude rate of admissions for neuropsychiatric reasons (3.2% vs 1.3%). After adjustment, discharge AMA was associated with increased odds of readmissions for AMI (OR 3.65 95% CI 3.31 to 4.03, pConclusionsDischarge AMA occurs in 1.5% of the population with AMI and these patients are at higher risk of early readmissions for re-infarction. Interventions should be developed to reduce discharge AMA in high-risk groups and initiate interventions to avoid adverse outcomes and readmission.
Published: 2018

20. Sex Disparities in the Choice of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Device: An Analysis of Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes

Author: Margo Minissian, Purvi Parwani, Glen P. Martin, Muhammad Rashid, Mamas A. Mamas, Harriette G.C. Van Spall, Donah Zachariah, Tahmeed Contractor, Ashish Patwala, Mohamed O. Mohamed, and Diane Barker
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pacemaker, Artificial, genetic structures, Databases, Factual, Heart Diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Logistic regression, Q1, Medicare, Odds, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hospitals, Urban, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Renal Insufficiency, Healthcare Disparities, Sex Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Age Factors, Atrial fibrillation, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, equipment and supplies, Confidence interval, United States, Defibrillators, Implantable, Hospital Bed Capacity, cardiovascular system, H1, Female, Implant, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract: Background There is limited evidence on the influence of sex on the decision to implant a cardiac resynchronization therapy device with pacemaker (CRT-P) or defibrillator (CRT-D) and the existence of sex-dependent differences in complications that may affect this decision. Methods All patients undergoing de novo CRT implantation (2004-2014) in the United States National Inpatient Sample were included and stratified by device type (CRT-P and CRT-D). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association of female sex with receipt of CRT-D and periprocedural complications. Results Out of 400,823 weighted CRT procedural records, the overall percentages of women undergoing CRT-P and CRT-D implantations were 41.5% and 27.8%, respectively, and these percentages increased compared with men over the study period. Women were less likely to receive CRT-D (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.67), and this trend remained stable throughout the study period (P = 0.06). Furthermore, compared with men, women were associated with increased odds of procedure-related complications (bleeding, thoracic, and cardiac) in the CRT-D group but not in the CRT-P group. Factors such as atrial fibrillation, malignancies, renal failure, advanced age (> 60 years), and admission to nonurban/small hospitals favoured the receipt of CRT-P over CRT-D, whereas history of ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrest ,or ventricular arrhythmias favoured the receipt of CRT-D over CRT-P. Conclusions Women were associated with persistently reduced odds of receipt of CRT-D compared with men over an 11-year period. This study identifies important factors that predict the choice of CRT device offered to patients in the United States.
Published: 2019

21. Trends of Sex Differences in Outcomes of Cardiac Electronic Device Implantations in the United States

Author: Mamas A. Mamas, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Glen P. Martin, Ashish Patwala, Diane Barker, Mohamed O. Mohamed, Parikshit S. Sharma, Chun Shing Kwok, Muhammad Rashid, and Tahmeed Contractor
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, outcomes, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, defibrillators, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Aged, 80 and over, treatment, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, cardiac resynchronization, Middle Aged, RC666, Hospitalization, Survival Rate, pacemakers, Cohort, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, trends, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Risk Assessment, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, sex, Humans, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices, Adverse effect, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Inpatients, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, R1, Confidence interval, United States, Cardiac devices, business, RA
Abstract: Background The disparity in outcomes of cardiac electronic device implantations between sexes has been previously demonstrated in device-specific cohorts (eg, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators [ICDs]). However, it is unclear whether sex differences are present with all types of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and, if so, what the trends of such differences have been in recent years. Methods With the use of the National Inpatient Sample, all hospitalizations from 2004 to 2014 for de novo implantation of permanent pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator, and ICDs were analyzed to examine the association between sex and in-hospital acute complications of CIED implantation. Results Out of 2,815,613 hospitalizations for de novo CIED implantation, 41.9% were performed on women. Women were associated with increased adjusted odds (95% confidence interval) of adverse procedural complications (major adverse cardiovascular complications: 1.17 [1.16-1.19]; bleeding: 1.13 [1.12-1.15],-thoracic: 1.42 [1.40-1.44]; cardiac: 1.44 [1.38-1.50]), whereas the adjusted odds of in-hospital all-cause mortality compared with men was 0.96 (0.94-1.00). The odds of adverse complications in the overall CIED cohort were persistently raised in women throughout the study period, whereas similar odds of all-cause mortality across the sexes were observed throughout the study period. Conclusion In a national cohort of CIED implantations we demonstrate that women are at an overall higher risk of procedure-related adverse events compared with men, but not at increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further studies are required to identify procedural techniques that would improve outcomes among women undergoing such procedures.
Published: 2019

22. Effect of weekend admission on process of care and clinical outcomes for the management of acute coronary syndromes: a retrospective analysis of three UK centres

Author: Glen P, Martin, Tim, Kinnaird, Matthew, Sperrin, Richard, Anderson, Amr, Gamal, Avais, Jabbar, Chun Shing, Kwok, Diane, Barker, Grant, Heatlie, Azfar G, Zaman, and Mamas A, Mamas
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Research, education, Health Informatics, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Coronary Angiography, United Kingdom, Logistic Models, Patient Admission, myocardial infarction, human resource management, Humans, Female, Hospital Mortality, Acute Coronary Syndrome, coronary heart disease, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Objectives The effect of weekend versus weekday admission following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on process of care and mortality remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the ‘weekend-effect’ on outcomes using a multicentre dataset of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA). Design This retrospective observational study used propensity score (PS) stratification to adjust estimates of weekend effect for observed confounding. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for binary outcomes and time-to-event endpoints were modelled using Cox proportional hazards to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Setting Three tertiary cardiac centres in England and Wales that contribute to the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project. Participants Between January 2010 and March 2016, 17 705 admissions met the study inclusion criteria, 4327 of which were at a weekend. Primary and secondary outcomes Associations were studied between weekend admissions and the following primary outcome measures: in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and long-term survival; secondary outcomes included several processes of care indicators, such as time to coronary angiography. Results After PS stratification adjustment, mortality outcomes were similar between weekend and weekday admission across patients with STEMI and NSTEMI/UA. Weekend admissions were less likely to be discharged within 1 day (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), but after 4 days the length of stay was similar (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.04). Fewer patients with NSTEMI/UA received angiography between 0 and 24 hours at a weekend (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.77). Weekend patients with STEMI were less likely to undergo an angiogram within 1 hour, but there was no significant difference after this time point. Conclusion Patients with ACS had similar mortality and processes of care when admitted on a weekend compared with a weekday. There was evidence of a delay to angiography for patients with NSTEMI/UA admitted at the weekend.
Published: 2017

23. Early Readmissions After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Author: Chun Wai Wong, Adrian Shufflebotham, Tamseel Fatima, Hannah Shufflebotham, Luke Brindley, Ashish Pawala, Diane Barker, Mamas A. Mamas, Grant Heatlie, and Chun Shing Kwok
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Chest Pain, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Chest pain, Coronary Angiography, Patient Readmission, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Risk Factors, Lower respiratory tract infection, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Hospital Mortality, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, RC666, R1, United Kingdom, Survival Rate, Heart failure, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Female, Myocardial infarction diagnosis, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the rate, predictors, and causes of 30-day readmissions in a single tertiary hospital in the United Kingdom. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients admitted between 2012 and 2014 with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, who were in the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project register. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, care received, and in-hospital mortality were collected. Rates of 30-day readmission and causes of readmission were evaluated. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of all-cause, cardiac, and noncardiac readmission. A total of 1,869 patients were included in the analysis and 171 had an unplanned readmission with 30 days (9%). Noncardiac problems represented half of all readmissions with the dominant cause noncardiac chest pain (50%). A variety of other noncardiac causes for readmission were identified and the most common were lower respiratory tract infection (4.3%), gastrointestinal problems (4.9%), bleeding (3.7%), dizziness, syncope, or fall (3.0%), and pulmonary embolus (2.4%). For cardiac causes of readmissions, common causes included acute coronary syndrome (17.1%), stable angina (11.6%), and heart failure (9.8%). Readmitted patients were more likely to be older, anemic, and less likely to receive coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention. After adjustment, the only predictor of all-cause readmission was older age. For noncardiac readmission, previous myocardial infarction was associated with significantly fewer readmissions. Our results suggest that early readmission after discharge with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is common. Chest pain is the most frequent cause of readmission, and interventions to reduce noncardiac chest pain admissions are needed.
Published: 2017

24. Efficacy And Safety Of The Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Systematic Review

Author: Fozia Z Ahmed, Ashish Patwala, Colin Dominic Chue, Chun Wai Wong, Diane Barker, Mamas A. Mamas, Colin Cunnington, Chun Shing Kwok, and Amir Zaidi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ventricular tachycardia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Ventricular fibrillation, implanted cardiac defibrillators, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Equipment Design, medicine.disease, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, RC666, Surgery, Defibrillators, Implantable, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Systematic review, Observational study, ventricular tachycardia, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Complication
Abstract: Background:\ud Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICD) are an alternative to conventional transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (TV-ICD) in patients not requiring pacing. We sought to define the efficacy and safety of S-ICD through literature review.\ud \ud Methods:\ud We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies evaluating efficacy and safety outcomes among patients undergoing S-ICD implantation. We performed narrative synthesis and pooled efficacy and safety outcomes across studies.\ud \ud Results:\ud 16 studies were included with 5,380 participants (mean age range 33–56 years). Short-term follow-up data were available for 1670 subjects. The commonest complication was pocket infection, affecting 2.7% (range 0–19%). Other complications included delayed wound healing (0.6%), wound discomfort (0.8%), haematoma (0.4%) and lead migration (0.3%). A total of 3.8% (range 0–12%) of S-ICDs were explanted. The commonest reason for explant was pocket infection. Mortality rates in hospital (0.4%) and during follow-up (3.4% from 12 studies reporting, 2.1% per person-years) were low. The number of patients experiencing ventricular arrhythmia varied across studies from 0 to 12%. Overall shock efficacy for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias exceeded 96%. Inappropriate shocks affected 4.3% (range 0–15%) of patients and was most commonly caused by T-wave oversensing.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud Although long-term randomised data are lacking, observational data suggest shock efficacy, peri-procedural and short-term complication rates of the S-ICD are similar to TV-ICD, making the S-ICD a suitable alternative in patients without an indication for pacing.
Published: 2017

25. Reduced cardiac functional reserve and quality of life in adults with GH deficiency

Author: David F. Goldspink, Lisa Sharp, Robert Moisey, Steve Orme, Lip-Bun Tan, Richard E. Clements, Nigel Lewis, and Diane Barker
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac output, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hemodynamics, Cardiac reserve, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Stroke volume, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Heart rate, medicine, Systole, business
Abstract: Summary Introduction Patients with severe GH deficiency (GHD) suffer with a reduced quality of life in addition to diverse changes in cardiac size and performance. So far, the cardiac reserve ability to maintain the circulation during peak exercise has not been measured. We tested the hypothesis that patients with severe GHD have reduced cardiac reserve function compared with healthy controls and that this could explain, in part, their reduced quality of life. Aims Eighteen patients with severe GHD and an assessment of GHD in adults (AGHDA) score ≥11 (mean 20·0, range 12–25) were studied and compared with 18 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Peak cardiac power and cardiorespiratory fitness were investigated using noninvasive haemodynamic measurements during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results Compared with matched controls, the cardiac power of GHD patients during exercise to volitional exhaustion was significantly reduced by 15% (mean ± SD 4·4 ± 1·0 W vs. 5·2 ± 1·0 W, P = 0·02). Patients with GHD also had lower cardiac chronotropic reserve (peak heart rate 154 ± 21/min vs. 174 ± 11/min, P = 0·001) and a lower cardiac pressure-generating capacity (systolic blood pressure 160 ± 25 mmHg vs. 200 ± 15 mmHg, P
Published: 2009

26. A Mechanistic Investigation Into How Long-Term Resynchronization Therapy Confers Ongoing Cardiac Functional Benefits and Improved Exercise Capacity

Author: Nigel Lewis, Dominik Schlosshan, Chris Pepper, Diane Barker, and Lip-Bun Tan
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cardiac function curve, Cardiac output, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Hemodynamics, Ventricular Function, Left, Double-Blind Method, health services administration, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Peak exercise, Heart Failure, Cross-Over Studies, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Respiration, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Middle Aged, Exercise capacity, medicine.disease, Myocardial Contraction, Crossover study, Heart failure, Exercise Test, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The exact mechanisms underpinning the longer term benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) were not fully understood. It was still unclear whether there was any ongoing functional benefit conferred by the partial resynchronization of ventricular contraction. To resolve this, a randomized controlled double-blind crossover trial was conducted to investigate the impact of temporary cessation of CRT on cardiac function both at rest and during peak exercise. Fifteen patients with severe heart failure and a CRT device implanted at least 3 months previously were randomly assigned to have the CRT mode switched to either off or on during exercise tests with central hemodynamic measurements (including noninvasive cardiac output measured using rebreathing methods), then crossed over on separate days to the opposite CRT mode. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables at rest with either mode of CRT. When CRT was acutely turned off, there was 19% lower peak exercise cardiac power (2.10 +/- 0.46 vs 2.59 +/- 0.75 W; p0.005), 6% lower mean arterial pressure (92 +/- 12 vs 98 +/- 13 mm Hg; p0.05), and 11.5% lower peak cardiac output (10.4 +/- 1.9 vs 11.8 +/- 2.5 L/min; p0.05). Exercise capacity was also diminished with lower peak oxygen uptake (15.7 +/- 4.3 vs 17.2 +/- 4.9 ml/kg/min; p0.01) and shorter exercise duration (542 +/- 204 vs 587 +/- 212 seconds; p0.05). These changes were seen without differences in peak respiratory exchange ratio and peak systemic vascular resistance. In conclusion, these observations provided evidence that after CRT, left ventricular resynchronization continued to confer cardiac functional benefits manifest during peak exercise, but imperceptible at rest.
Published: 2009

27. Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Iain Buchan, Mamas A. Mamas, Yoon K. Loke, Chun Shing Kwok, James Nolan, Adrian Morley-Davies, Ashish Patwala, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Phyo K. Myint, Rhys Beynon, Diane Barker, and Muhammad Rashid
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart block, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cardiac Conduction System Disease, Internal medicine, Risk of mortality, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, PR interval, Atrioventricular Block, Stroke, Aged, Brugada Syndrome, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, R1, Observational Studies as Topic, Heart failure, Relative risk, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objective First-degree atrioventricular block is frequently encountered in clinical practice and is generally considered a benign process. However, there is emerging evidence that prolonged PR interval may be associated with adverse outcomes. This study aims to determine if prolonged PR interval is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies that evaluated clinical outcomes associated with prolonged and normal PR intervals. Relevant studies were pooled using random effects meta-analysis for risk of mortality, cardiovascular mortality, heart failure, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Sensitivity analyses were performed considering the population type and the use of adjustments. Results Our search yielded 14 studies that were undertaken between 1972 and 2011 with 400 750 participants. Among the studies that adjusted for potential confounders, the pooled results suggest an increased risk of mortality with prolonged PR interval risk ratio (RR) 1.24 95% CI 1.02 to 1.51, five studies. Prolonged PR interval was associated with significant risk of heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction (RR 1.39 95% CI 1.18 to 1.65, three studies) and atrial fibrillation (RR 1.45 95% CI 1.23 to 1.71, eight studies) but not cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction or stroke or TIA. Similar observations were recorded when limited to studies of first-degree heart block. Conclusions Data from observational studies suggests a possible association between prolonged PR interval and significant increases in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and mortality. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationships reported, consider possible mechanisms and define the optimal monitoring strategy for such patients.
Published: 2015

28. CRT improves the exercise capacity and functional reserve of the failing heart through enhancing the cardiac flow- and pressure-generating capacity

Author: D. Schlosshan, Gordon H. Williams, Diane Barker, Lip-Bun Tan, Chris Pepper, and C. Morley
Subjects: Male, Cardiac function curve, Pacemaker, Artificial, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac output, QRS complex, Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate, Internal medicine, medicine, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiac Output, Aged, Heart Failure, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Middle Aged, Exercise capacity, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Heart failure, Circulatory system, Cohort, Exercise Test, Quality of Life, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Vascular Resistance, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract: Background: While information on how cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) affects cardiac performance at rest is readily available, the mechanisms whereby CRT alters cardiac function during maximal exercise are unclear. Aims: We examined the medium-term effects of CRT on cardiac and physical functional reserve of patients with severe heart failure (CHF) and prolonged QRS duration. Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with severe CHF (NYHA III–IV) and widened QRS underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with non-invasive central haemodynamic measurements before and 6–8 weeks after CRT pacemaker implantation. Results After CRT there were significant increases in exercise cardiac output by 19.3% (P=0.0048) from 9.5±3.4 l min−1, peak mean arterial blood pressure by 14.1% (P=0.0001) from 91.3±13.6 mm Hg, and peak cardiac power output by 37.2% (P=0.0008) from 1.92±0.74 W. There were no significant changes in these variables at rest. Exercise duration (+42.3%, P=0.0002), NYHA functional class (P=0.0001) and SF-36 symptom score (P=0.0006) were also significantly improved. Powerful surrogate indicators of prognosis were also significantly improved with CRT: peak O2 consumption (+20.9%, P=0.0007), VE/VCO2 slope (−20.0%, P=0.005) and circulatory power (+42.0%, P=0.0012). Conclusion: In this cohort of patients, post-implant CRT significantly improved the flow-, pressure- and power-generating capacity of the failing hearts. This may be causally related to the improvements observed in exercise capacity, functional class and symptom scores.
Published: 2006

29. Fiftieth anniversary of aldosterone: from discovery to cardiovascular therapy

Author: Dominik Schlosshan, Lip-Bun Tan, and Diane Barker
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Myocardial Infarction, Renin-Angiotensin System, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Aldosterone, Thiazide, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Heart Failure, Ventricular Remodeling, Vascular disease, business.industry, Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist, medicine.disease, Eplerenone, chemistry, Heart failure, Cardiology, Myocardial fibrosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Half a century after the elucidation of its molecular structure, aldosterone is generating the greatest interest, not in the fields of endocrinology or renal medicine but in cardiology-where aldosterone over-activation is now perceived as detrimental in heart failure (HF) and ischaemic heart disease. Clinically, excess aldosterone is associated with higher morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) and HF. The Randomised Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES) study in severe chronic heart failure and the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival (EPHESUS) study in post-MI heart failure have shown that use of non-selective and selective aldosterone receptor antagonists, respectively, improves prognosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these damaging aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular effects are still being elucidated, but prime candidates include cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis resulting in adverse cardiac remodelling, coronary vasculopathy, tachyarrhythmia and positive feedback activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Practical points for consideration when instigating therapy include preferential use of aldosterone receptor antagonists to maintain electrolyte balance whenever loop or thiazide diuretics are used (vulnerable HF patients require higher ranges of potassium and magnesium to minimise propensity for tachyarrthythmia), for renoprotection and for counteracting aldosterone breakthrough despite adequate ACE inhibition; use of the minimum doses of loop diuretics required to lessen activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in HF; use of selective aldosterone receptor antagonists to avoid gynaecomastia/mastalgia and impotence; and prophylactic use of aldosterone receptor antagonists to improve prognosis.
Published: 2004

30. Miniature shell and bone 'hilts' or 'pulleys' from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker
Subjects: Transplantation, Archeology, Engineering, business.product_category, genetic structures, business.industry, General Arts and Humanities, media_common.quotation_subject, Shell (structure), Mechanical engineering, Pulley, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), business, Function (engineering), media_common
Abstract: Thirteen unusual shell and bone objects of contentious function are amongst the small finds from tomb I at Sharm. An inventory of the objects is provided after a discussion of the potential use of the objects is presented.
Published: 2004

31. Notes on four miscellaneous shell and organic objects from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker
Subjects: Tonna luteostoma, Transplantation, Archeology, Engineering, biology, business.industry, General Arts and Humanities, Shell (structure), biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Engineering physics, Gastropod shell, Paleontology, Immunology and Allergy, Assemblage (archaeology), Pharmacology (medical), business
Abstract: Four miscellaneous artefacts, which do not correspond to the other major small finds groups, are also included in the Sharm assemblage. Whilst the gastropod shell is positively identified as Tonna luteostoma, the materials and function of the remaining objects are conjectural.
Published: 2004

32. Wadi Suq and Iron Age period ceramics from Sharm, Fujairah (U.A.E.)

Author: Diane Barker
Subjects: Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Iron Age, General Arts and Humanities, Period (geology), Assemblage (archaeology), Archaeology, Wadi
Abstract: The Wadi Suq period and Iron Age ceramics from Sharm are examined in terms of morphological, compositional and decorative features. The assemblage is typical of the second- and first-millennium BC ceramics of southeastern Arabia. The more unusual Iron Age ‘imitation soft stone’ ceramics are amply represented and the Sharm assemblage considerably expands upon this corpus of ceramics which has hitherto been less than abundant in the region. Comparisons with other second- and first-millennium sites suggest the tombs were largely occupied in the late Wadi Suq period, a pattern of occupation which again peaked in the Iron Age II period.
Published: 2002

33. Stone, paste, shell and metal beads from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker
Subjects: Archeology, Engineering, business.industry, General Arts and Humanities, Shell (structure), Mineralogy, Bead, Archaeology, Metal, visual_art, parasitic diseases, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, business, geographic locations
Abstract: Eighty-seven beads of various materials are discussed according to the twelve typological groups into which they are divided. This typology is largely based on bead shapes, although manufacturing techniques and materials are also discussed. The beads are also compared to other assemblages in southeastern Arabia.
Published: 2001

34. Pseudo SVT in the Pacemaker Patient

Author: Simon Modi, Mark Hall, Ash Patwala, Robert Cooper, and Diane Barker
Subjects: Tachycardia, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Sinus tachycardia, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, Supraventricular tachycardia, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: This is an interesting report of a supraventricular tachycardia in a paced patient with intermittent atrioventricular nodal block. Only electrophysiology testing revealed the correct diagnosis. Images explain how pacemaker timing cycles and refractory periods can confuse an otherwise straightforward diagnosis.
Published: 2010

35. Notes on the shell and bone rings from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker
Subjects: Transplantation, Archeology, biology, General Arts and Humanities, Shell (structure), Mineralogy, Geometry, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Group (periodic table), Conus, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Remainder, Geology
Abstract: A group of thirteen fragmentary and complete shell and bone rings was excavated at Sharm, including one example likely to be a bracelet. The function of the objects as rings is undisputed. A number of the rings appear to be manufactured from Conus sp., whereas the remainder are apparently made from bone.
Published: 2000

36. Decorated discs from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker and Toby Hartnell
Subjects: Archeology, Transplantation, Rosette (schizont appearance), General Arts and Humanities, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Archaeology, Geology
Abstract: Eight discs, largely concavo-convex in shape and decorated with a symmetrical rosette pattern, were recovered from Tomb I during excavations. A similar undecorated concavo-convex disc was also found. The following paper presents the results of the typological examination of the objects, with the materials and manufacturing techniques published elsewhere in this volume. These discs are widely recognised in southeastern Arabia, with parallels suggesting a predominantly Iron Age date.
Published: 1999

37. Thoracoscopic patch insulation to correct phrenic nerve stimulation secondary to cardiac resynchronization therapy

Author: Diane Barker, Peter Davies, Sandra Belchambers, Neeraj Mediratta, James McKevith, and Archana Rao
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Diaphragmatic breathing, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Peripheral Nerve Injuries, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Thoracoscopy, Pericardium, Humans, General anaesthesia, Phrenic nerve, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Electric Injuries, Phrenic Nerve, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Heart failure, Anesthesia, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an established therapy for heart failure, improving quality of life and prognosis. Despite advances in technique, available leads and delivery systems, trans-venous left ventricular (LV) lead positioning remains dependent on the patient's underlying venous anatomy. The left phrenic nerve courses over the surface of the pericardium laterally and may be stimulated by the LV pacing lead, causing uncomfortable diaphragmatic twitch. This paper describes a video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) procedure to correct phrenic nerve stimulation secondary to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods and results Most current ways of avoiding phrenic stimulation involve either electronic reprogramming to distance the phrenic nerve from the stimulation circuit or repositioning the lead. We describe a case where the phrenic nerve was surgically insulated from the stimulating current by insinuating a patch of bovine pericardium between the epicardium and native pericardium of the heart thus completely resolving previously intolerable and incessant diaphragmatic twitch. The procedure was performed under general anaesthesia with single-lung ventilation and minimal use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Surgical patch insulation of the phrenic nerve was performed using minimally invasive VATS surgery, as a short-stay procedure, with no complications. No diaphragmatic twitch occurred post-surgery and the patient continued to gain symptomatic benefit from cardiac synchronization therapy (New York Heart Association Class III to II), enabling return to work. Conclusions In cases where the trans-venous position of a LV lead is limited by troublesome phrenic nerve stimulation, thoracoscopic surgical patch insulation of the phrenic nerve could be considered to allow beneficial cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Published: 2011

38. Case report of vasculitic rash induced by Ginkgo biloba and/or Horny Goat Weed

Author: Diane Barker, Philip Weston, and Dominik Metz
Subjects: Traditional medicine, biology, Ginkgo biloba, business.industry, fungi, MEDLINE, food and beverages, General Medicine, respiratory system, biology.organism_classification, Vasculitic rash, complex mixtures, Article, parasitic diseases, Medicine, Complementary medicine, Weed, business
Abstract: A case of a vasculitic rash induced by the herbal remedy Ginkgo biloba and/or Horny Goat Weed is described.
Published: 2011

39. Notes on two alabaster fragments from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker
Subjects: Transplantation, Archeology, Alabaster, General Arts and Humanities, media_common.quotation_subject, engineering, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Art, engineering.material, Archaeology, media_common
Abstract: Two alabaster objects were recovered from the excavations at Sharm, both having unusual shapes. The function of each piece is unknown, although it is suggested that they may have been blanks or cores for the manufacture of other alabaster items.
Published: 2001

40. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in the postoperative period: the danger of malfunctioning epicardial pacing wires

Author: Nathaniel Hawkins, Simon Modi, Diane Barker, and Mark Hall
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Tachycardia, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pacemaker, Artificial, Time Factors, Epicardial pacing, Ischemia, Electrocardiography, Recurrence, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Coronary Artery Bypass, Aged, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Left ventricular impairment, business.industry, Recurrent ventricular tachycardia, Stunning, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Equipment Design, medicine.disease, Transvenous pacing, Treatment Outcome, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Tachycardia, Ventricular, Surgery, Equipment Failure, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Ventricular arrhythmias in the postoperative period can be caused by a number of factors including ischaemia, left ventricular impairment or stunning, metabolic or mineral derangement, operative scar, and medication induced QT abnormalities. Of similar gravity, failure of postoperative epicardial pacing wires will generally leave patients either asystolic or markedly bradycardic, requiring either temporary transvenous pacing or permanent pacing. We report
Published: 2010

41. Definition, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Author: Diane Barker, Nigel Lewis, and Lip-Bun Tan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Functional impairment, business.industry, Heart failure, Epidemiology, medicine, Etiology, Psychological intervention, Medical diagnosis, Intensive care medicine, medicine.disease, business, Pathophysiology
Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is the culmination of all preceding cardiovascular events and the successes and failures of attempted and administered interventions. It is the cumulative effects of all abnormalities in the heart, which culminate in the functional impairment of the cardiac pump. Once the patient reaches the stage of symptomatic HF, the prognosis becomes poor. The more severe the HF, the nearer the patient is to death, and therefore the less room for mistakes in managing these patients. For these reasons, attention to details such as accuracy of diagnoses, correct assessments of severity, profound understanding of the pathophysiological processes and institution of timely therapy are crucial, and it calls for no less than the most skilled of HF specialists if the patients were to stand any chance of successfully fighting against this lethal condition. This chapter intends to lay the foundations for rational approaches to therapy.
Published: 2010

42. Notes on a decorated spiny oyster from Sharm

Author: Diane Barker and Toby Hartnell
Subjects: Transplantation, Archeology, Oyster, Drill, biology, General Arts and Humanities, Object (computer science), Archaeology, Paleontology, biology.animal, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Geology, Volume (compression)
Abstract: S-305 is the worked remnant of one half of a spiny oyster which exhibits drill marks consistent with single and double dot-in-circle motifs. The object is briefly described with a view to determining its function. The manufacturing marks are analysed elsewhere in this volume by Katia Davis.
Published: 2000

43. Reduced cardiac functional reserve and quality of life in adults with GH deficiency

Author: Robert, Moisey, Diane, Barker, Nigel, Lewis, Lisa, Sharp, Richard E, Clements, David F, Goldspink, Lip-Bun, Tan, and Steve, Orme
Subjects: Adult, Male, Human Growth Hormone, Systole, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, Heart, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Absorptiometry, Photon, Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate, Heart Function Tests, Exercise Test, Quality of Life, Humans, Female, Cardiac Output, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Abstract: Patients with severe GH deficiency (GHD) suffer with a reduced quality of life in addition to diverse changes in cardiac size and performance. So far, the cardiac reserve ability to maintain the circulation during peak exercise has not been measured. We tested the hypothesis that patients with severe GHD have reduced cardiac reserve function compared with healthy controls and that this could explain, in part, their reduced quality of life.Eighteen patients with severe GHD and an assessment of GHD in adults (AGHDA) scoreor =11 (mean 20.0, range 12-25) were studied and compared with 18 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Peak cardiac power and cardiorespiratory fitness were investigated using noninvasive haemodynamic measurements during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing.Compared with matched controls, the cardiac power of GHD patients during exercise to volitional exhaustion was significantly reduced by 15% (mean +/- SD 4.4 +/- 1.0 W vs. 5.2 +/- 1.0 W, P = 0.02). Patients with GHD also had lower cardiac chronotropic reserve (peak heart rate 154 +/- 21/min vs. 174 +/- 11/min, P = 0.001) and a lower cardiac pressure-generating capacity (systolic blood pressure 160 +/- 25 mmHg vs. 200 +/- 15 mmHg, P0.0001). We found no correlation between any measure of peak cardiac power or function and the AGHDA score.Using this robust noninvasive method of assessing functional cardiac pumping capacity, we have for the first time shown that, while patients with severe GHD have a significantly impaired cardiac functional reserve associated with chronotropic incompetence and impaired pressure-generating capacity, this does not correlate with their reduced quality of life assessed using the current standard AGHDA score.
Published: 2009

44. Cardiac functional reserve is diminished in growth hormone-deficient adults

Author: Lisa Sharp, Nigel Lewis, Lip-Bun Tan, David F. Goldspink, Robert Moisey, Steve Orme, Diane Barker, and Richard E. Clements
Subjects: Cardiac function curve, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, Hypopituitarism, Absorptiometry, Photon, Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate, Internal medicine, Heart rate, medicine, Aerobic exercise, Body Size, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Pharmacology, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Human Growth Hormone, Cardiac reserve, Cardiorespiratory fitness, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Myocardial Contraction, Recombinant Proteins, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Case-Control Studies, Vascular resistance, Cardiology, Exercise Test, Female, Vascular Resistance, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Various studies have shown that patients with severe growth hormone deficiency (GHD) have diverse changes in left ventricular (LV) size or performance but so far there is no direct indication of cardiac reserve ability to maintain the circulation during peak exercise. We tested the hypothesis that patients with severe GHD have reduced cardiac reserve function compared with healthy controls. Eighteen patients with severe GHD were studied and compared with 18 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. Peak cardiac power and cardiorespiratory fitness were investigated using noninvasive hemodynamic measurements during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Compared with matched controls, the cardiac power of GHD patients during exercise to volitional exhaustion was significantly reduced by 15% (mean +/- SD: 4.4 +/- 1.0 watts (W) vs. 5.2 +/- 1.0 W, P= 0.02), despite attaining similar aerobic exercise peaks (VO(2max), GHD: 2390 +/- 822 mL/min vs. controls: 2461 +/- 872 mL/min, P= 0.80) and similar peak respiratory exchange ratios. The lower peak cardiac power could not be accounted for by peripheral alterations because both groups reached similar peak exercise systemic vascular resistances. Patients with GHD also had lower cardiac chronotropic reserve (peak heart rate: 154 +/- 21 bpm vs. 174 +/- 11 bpm, P= 0.001) and a lower cardiac pressure-generating capacity (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 160 +/- 25 mmHg vs. 200 +/- 15 mmHg, P < 0.0001). Using this robust noninvasive method of assessing functional cardiac pumping capacity we have for the first time shown that patients with severe GHD have a significantly impaired cardiac functional reserve associated with chronotropic incompetence and impaired pressure-generating capacity.
Published: 2009

45. Medium-term results of surgical ventricular restoration with papillary muscle realignment: providing additional benefits in enlarged ischemic left ventricle

Author: R Unnikrishnan, Nair, Diane, Barker, Sanjay, Kumar, Kayala, Javengula, and Lip Bun, Tan
Subjects: Adult, Heart Failure, Male, Middle Aged, Papillary Muscles, Cohort Studies, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Female, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Longitudinal Studies, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Coronary Artery Bypass, Aged
Abstract: In 2001, we described a new surgical technique of surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) in severe heart failure by papillary muscle re-alignment and volume reduction. This procedure has been offered in our institution to patients with severely impaired left ventricular function. Here we examine our mid-term results and also compare them with a similar cohort of patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) only. Between 1998 and 2005, 30 patients underwent SVR by papillary muscle realignment with coronary artery revascularization at our institution. A subset of 20 patients had their left ventricular volume measured by echocardiogram and MRI scan, and a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed before and after the operation. An unselected consecutive cohort of patients with matching age, gender, and hemodynamic status who underwent CABG only without SVR was tested using the same protocol and the results were compared. We noticed that there was a significant advantage for patients who had additional SVR over patients who had CABG only. The observed improvement in those who had SVR may be due to reduced metabolic mismatch as a result of reduced wall tension and normalization of the apical twist of the left ventricle. We believe this would provide a form of surgical treatment for heart failure secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy at a time of reduced donor organ availability for transplant.
Published: 2008

46. Exercise duration and peak systolic blood pressure are predictive of mortality in ambulatory patients with mild-moderate chronic heart failure

Author: Ashish Patwala, Leong L. Ng, Mark Jackson, Simon G. Williams, Lip-Bun Tan, and Diane Barker
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Systole, Blood Pressure, Severity of Illness Index, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Oxygen Consumption, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), cardiovascular diseases, Exercise duration, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Ultrasonography, Heart Failure, business.industry, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Blood pressure, Research Design, Heart failure, Ambulatory, Chronic Disease, Multivariate Analysis, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Exercise Test, Physical Endurance, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background and Aims: It is a prevailing concept in chronic heart failure (CHF) that ventricular remodelling (evaluated via imaging) and neurohormonal activation (via biomarkers) exert major influences, such that the need to subject patients to haemodynamic evaluations and exercise testing has been questioned. We sought to investigate whether exercise and haemodynamic parameters lack independent prognostic value in a cohort of unselected ambulatory patients with mild-moderate CHF. Methods: Eighty-five consecutive patients with stable CHF in New York Heart Association functional classes I–IV, aged 55 ± 12 years, 84% males, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 37 ± 15%, participated in this study. Survivors were followed for a median of 5.08 years. All subjects underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to measure standard parameters including peak oxygen consumption, exercise duration and blood pressure. A sample of venous blood was taken to determine the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) level. Echocardiography was performed at rest to measure LVEF. Predictors of mortality were sought using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: All-cause mortality was 19% (16 deaths, 95% CI 11–29%). Age and LVEF did not independently predict mortality. Although various parameters including New York Heart Association class, peak oxygen consumption and N-BNP level were all predictive of outcome on univariate analysis, multivariate analysis identified reduced exercise duration and peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) to be the only independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios of 0.78 (95% CI 0.65–0.93, p = 0.007) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.95, p = 0.01) were associated with an increase in exercise duration of 1 min and 10 mm Hg peak SBP, respectively. Conclusions: Two simple parameters (exercise duration and peak SBP) that are easily measured by standard exercise testing are the strongest independent predictors of mortality which outperform LVEF and N-BNP in ambulatory patients with mild-moderate CHF.
Published: 2005

47. 066 MODIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN HEART RHYTHM ASSOCIATION AF SYMPTOM SCORE IMPROVES DISCRIMINATIVE ABILITY: A VALIDATION STUDY

Author: Mark C.S. Hall, Diane Barker, Matthew Webber, Gareth J. Wynn, Derick Todd, Stephen J. Pettit, S M Modi, Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Dhiraj Gupta, D Cullen, Richard Snowdon, Johan E.P. Waktare, and T Hutson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Test (assessment), Heart Rhythm, Quality of life, Discriminative model, medicine, Physical therapy, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Association (psychology), Cut-point
Abstract: Introduction The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) Score for symptoms in Atrial fibrillation (AF) was proposed in 2007 but thus far has not been validated, yet features in European Society of Cardiology 2010/2012 guidelines. Anecdotally, many clinicians feel the jump from class 2 (mild) to class 3 (severe) misses an important step (moderate) where intervention may be more likely to be considered. Methods Consecutive patients identified as having AF as their primary consultation reason for attending Heart Rhythm clinics at a large cardiovascular centre in the UK completed general (EQ5D) and AF-specific (AFEQT) Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires. EHRA score was documented by the reviewing clinician, or retrospectively from clinical notes. Patients initially classified EHRA 2 were subsequently re-classified by two clinicians blinded to QoL scores as either 2a (mild: Normal daily activity not affected and symptoms not considered troublesome by patient) or 2b (moderate: Normal daily activity not affected but patient troubled by symptoms). Results QoL and symptom data was collected on 362 patients (59% Paroxysmal, 65% Male). Mean QoL scores by EHRA Class are shown in the table and ilustrated in the graph with degree of statistical difference (t test) shown at each grade boundary. There is an important stepwise progression in the AFEQT score as patients progress from EHRA Class 1–4 with a significant difference between 2a and 2b in all QoL measures. Conclusions Based on AFEQT score and EQ5D Visual Analogue scale this study provides the first validation of the EHRA score. The Modified Score improves discriminative ability and, importantly, health utility is significantly different at the 2a/2b and 2b/3 boundaries, where decisions about AF ablation are likely to be made. Based on utility; invasive treatment for patients graded 2b (or above) is likely to be more cost effective than those graded 2a (where the potential improvement to Class 1 is minimal). We recommend adoption of the modified system, and propose that EHRA 2b be considered the cut point for treatment decisions.
Published: 2013

48. English translation of abstracts of original articles published in German 50 years ago on the discovery of aldosterone

Author: Dominik Schlosshan, Diane Barker, and Lip-Bun Tan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Aldosterone, Research groups, Stereochemistry, business.industry, Adrenal gland, Adrenal cortex, medicine.drug_class, Chemical structure, Publications, Paper chromatography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Mineralocorticoid, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Chemical decomposition, Language
Abstract: Chemical degradation of the new crystalline mineralocorticoid provisionally called electrocortin has shown that this compound is 11h,21-dihydroxy-3,20-diketo-4-pregnen18-al. In solution, this reacts mainly as the 11-hemiacetal. We suggest aldosterone as the definitive name for the compound. Simpson SA, Tait JF, Wettstein A, Neher R, von Euw J, Schindler O, Reichstein, T. Aldosteron, Isolierung und 0167-5273/$ see front matter D 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.005 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 113 392 5401; fax: +44 113 392 5395. Eigenschaften. Ueber Bestandteile der Nebennierenrinde und verwandte Stoffe. 91. Mitteilung. Helv. Chim. Acta 1954;37:1163–200. Title: Aldosterone. Isolation and characteristics. The constituents of the adrenal cortex and related substances. Abstract: We previously described, in two brief reports, the isolation and chemical structure of a new crystalline corticoid with a particularly potent effect on mineralocorticoid metabolism. The hormone was provisionally called electrocortin. After identification of its chemical structure the name aldosterone was suggested as the definitive name, which is in keeping with the internationally accepted nomenclature classification. In the mean time, the same substance has also been isolated in crystalline form by Mattox and co-workers. We report here the details of its chemical structure, isolation and its characteristics. We previously described, in two brief reports, the isolation and chemical structure of a new crystalline corticoid with a particularly potent effect on mineralocorticoid metabolism. The hormone was provisionally called electrocortin. After identification of its chemical structure the name aldosterone was suggested as the definitive name, which is in keeping with the internationally accepted nomenclature classification. In the mean time, the same substance has also been isolated in crystalline form by Mattox and co-workers. We report here the details of its chemical structure, isolation and its characteristics. Simpson SA, Tait JF, Wettstein A, Neher R, von Euw J, Schindler O, Reichstein, T. Die Konstitution des Aldosterons. Ueber Bestandteile der Nebennierenrinde und verwandte Stoffe. 92. Mitteilung. Helv. Chim. Acta 1954;37:1200–23. Title: The chemical structure of aldosterone. Constituents of the adrenal cortex and related substances. Abstract: We previously described, in two brief reports, the isolation and chemical structure of aldosterone. Details ology 96 (2004) 497–498 We previously described, in two brief reports, the isolation and chemical structure of aldosterone. Details ology 96 (2004) 497–498 D. Schlosshan et al. / International Journal of Cardiology 96 (2004) 497–498 498 regarding its isolation and the characteristics and derivatives of this hormone were described in the 91st report of this series. Here, we would like to report the results of the identification of its chemical structure. Chemical degradation of aldosterone has shown that this compound is an 18oxo-corticosterone. In solution, it probably can be found predominantly in the cyclohemiacetal form. Simpson SA, Tait JF, Wettstein A, Neher R, von Euw J, Reichstein, T. Isolierung eines neuen kristallisierten Hormons aus Nebennieren mit besonders hoher Wirksamkeit auf den Mineralstoffwechsel. Experientia 1953:9;333–5. Title: Isolation of a new crystalline hormone from the adrenal gland with a particularly potent effect on electrolyte metabolism. Recently, a new, highly sensitive method was described allowing rapid measurement of the effects of steroids on the ratio of urinary sodium and potassium output using only tracer amounts of substrate. With the help of this test, it was possible to demonstrate unequivocally that adrenal gland extracts indeed contain a specific substance with high activity that can also be detected after paper chromatographic separation and in the blood. It was also possible to purify this substance to a high degree. Using the method described above, the concentrates were 60–80 times more potent than cortexone. We have now been able to isolate this substance in a pure crystalline form from several concentrates prepared by our two research groups working in parallel in Basel. Methods and results: Extracts prepared from 500 kg of beef adrenals using the method described by Cartland and Kuizenga served as starting material. A total of 167 g of this material was purified using partition chromatography on large kiesleguhr columns with aqueous methanol:benzene solvent systems. Further purification using paper chromatography and repeated partition chromatography yielded 22 mg of the raw crystalline compound. Using the Na42/K42 method by Simpson and Tait, the compound described was around 100 times, and using the modified sodium retention method of Kagawa et al. around 50 times more potent than Cortexone. In (maintenance tests) in adrenalectomised dogs the compound appeared 30 times more potent than cortexone– acetate. Conclusion: We therefore consider that we have found a new important hormone of the adrenal cortex. We will report later about experiments leading to the chemical identification and synthesis of this compound as well as other more detailed biological experiments. We reserve the right to suggest a new name for the new compound at that time.
Published: 2004

49. 40(th) EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

Author: S. Artigas, A V Dreval, Mark I. McCarthy, C Watson, Peter H. Bennett, M Quint, Y Ikeda, E Alpert, F Schiele, H Sekihara, Erik Gylfe, P Lowe, J Kuhlmann, Alain Golay, V Longo, Shahidul Alam Khan Akm., L G Mantovani, M Zawodniak-Szalapska, G Winkler, T Harrity, L Virág, U Johne, Kuo S-W., Linda C Tapsell, J Rodriguez, Michel Komajda, K Kankova, Carole A. Cull, M Sporna, E Estilles, U Ribel, M C Spruce, E Buzzigoli, T Prazak, J K McLaughlin, M K Lingohr, M Lim, F Calara, A Siebenhofer, G Meregalli, Roberto Anichini, A D Baron, R Kurashvili, P C Butler, G I Fantus, T. E. De Gooyer, Park Y-M., R. Walther, S Heinrich, Agnieszka Zawiejska, S Mukherjee, Nikolaos Papanas, G Wong, Ian D. Caterson, David M. Maahs, Shuichi Kaneko, Alexandra E. Butler, Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, O N Kong, Attali J-R., C A Hedman, K Oshinyemi, Nicolle Müller, I C Cranston, N Okumus, M V Vlaiculescu, Balasubramanian Ravikumar, W W Cheatham, K Mukasa, K B Biswas, Annunziata Lapolla, Phil McEwan, G Mader, Gilles Chassot, Dragi Anevski, Werner A. Scherbaum, M Donath, C Hesselmann, R A Gandhi, David E. Moller, Ezio Bonifacio, C Garcia, V Ifandi, P Hornnes, Nieuwenhoven Fav., C Puech, S Pérez-Del-Pulgar, Kim S-R., G Hines, C Rubio Terrés, Michael Gaster, N. Hosszufalusi, A Scholze, Andrew A. Young, Stavros Liatis, F Hariri, S Tan, Paul Valensi, Allan E. Karlsen, J Kim, E. Moberg, J Kaiser, L Berman, G Nelson, A Altkrüger, P Kothare, D B Cook, S Doran, G. van Dijk, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Kim C-S., P Stahl, M Manousaki, S Sigrist, S K Lim, M. P. Stern, A Guberti, C Rezzani, J McKenney, Karl Thomaseth, Sofia Carlsson, M Julia, R Brillante, I Rubesova, T Darkow, E Matsumoto, Wendy M. Macfarlane, M Di Martino, G Bardini, Rossella Menghini, D Duhot, E Farcasiu, Annalisa Natalicchio, I Lindner, J Buvat, Christian L. Brand, Harry Dorchy, Iwona Pietrzak, Z T Luo, P Home, M Ekelund, Jesper Gromada, Kristine Færch, F Piarulli, H Kim, R Mentel, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér, Dullaart Rpf., Anton Luger, Thomas A. Pearson, V Manicardi, P Rösen, Feng Y-M., R Morganti, Lars Hansen, Demuth H-U., Haruo Kasai, A Shostak, Rudi Steffensen, G Taylor, Markolf Hanefeld, C Santini, E Hamaguchi, Roberto Miccoli, F Storms, M Cooper, Y Lee, Allison E. Aiello, P Smith, T Suehiro, K Treece, M Waluś, Timothy A Welborn, Simone Baltrusch, E Kontela, S Chai, J Crean, H Yokoyama, Johan G. Eriksson, Rafael Hernández Hernández, J Rodríguez-Saldaña, M P Tornero, G Formoso, D. Lovell, E Bingham, A Mylonakis, M Manteghetti, D Fedele, Antonio Martín-Duce, Ralph A. DeFronzo, D Salcedo, Kurt Højlund, Antonio Petrone, Sheu Whh., C Gutierrez, Flavia Pricci, S Kurita, Z G Abbas, M M Benedetti, Philippe A. Halban, Daniel J. Cox, O Ljungkvist, Justine Davies, J Palsgaard, Lars Sjöström, E Bosi, L Janin-Manificat, W. F. Kelly, M. Fernandez, E Colak, O V Mulyarchik, B Kronshage, F Lang, M Erfurth, Takashi Kadowaki, N Jendrike, U Walter, J Wishart, Y. Neye, D Kim, N Furuhashi, M Barsotti, D Florow, L Ke, L Borgquist, N C Jackson, Ffolliott M. Fisher, V Baskar, K Yoshioka, Bryan A. Wolf, G Chabrier, R Skoumal, Livio Luzi, H Kose, I Pharisien, B. Klein, H Winiarska, M C Johnson, L Griffiths, Nonna Kravchun, C Combe, Baptist Gallwitz, J Zdychova, L Skorda, Jorma Ilonen, W Gao, I N Steen, A Terrinoni, P D Ambery, W Kern, C M Kusminski, Cho M-H., Paolo Pozzilli, Louise G. Grunnet, E Schönle, David R Matthews, Robert W. Taylor, Y Cohen, Kim H-S., M P Eccles, N B Tutuncu, D McDowell, Richard M. Bergenstal, K Takamatsu, T Steiner, Jaan Palgi, Valdemar Grill, N Niculescu, G Federici, S Lehto, P. M. McKeigue, M Barone, Michael E. Trautmann, S Smirnov, J Mannion, M Eto, C Rousseau, M Conti, C S Ernest, Antonio Ceriello, D H Schweitzer, Jung E-D., Andreas Festa, Avijit Lahiri, A Shepelkevich, A Murro, A Kollmann, Jonathan R.S. Arch, R Landgraf, Son H-Y., I Engelsberger, E Agardh, S Rodríguez-Mulero, P J Kraml, K Lee, D. F. Du Toit, E Kim, G Fadini, Williams Ajk., Philip Home, M B Antcieferov, C Perlemoine, D Perrea, Song X-L., D Ruggieri, Krister Bokvist, Heidi Sørensen, Bilbao, G Yoshino, J P Taylor, Shen H-M., S M Furier, R Urquhart, J Wohlgelernter, Jianping Weng, T. Baba, Q Hong, C Silva, Castaigne J-P., M Felaco, X X Zhang, M Jaroň, Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, J G Papp, Toshio Miyata, Lervang H-H., Park M-K., I Kinalska, A Long, Oomen Phn., N Kogawa, Ippolita Patrizia Patera, S. Karadeniz, Dinesh Selvarajah, D S Chung, A Wensaas, Richard Imrich, M Recasens, J Ruxer, O Buchea, E Wilpart, S P Stepanenko, Le Ttd., H Ohgawara, Mariaconsuelo Valentini, A Mondok, M Peltonen, Marianne O. Larsen, K Chatzianagnostou, Agneta Ståhle, A L Ferrari, L Bordier, F Maingrette, A Matsuda, G Vukomanovic, Jakob D. Wikstrom, T Yamakita, E Gorostiaga, J Jin, B Gopalan, Heinz Drexel, S Hewitt, Rury R. Holman, C Dieterle, T L Ruchti, N Asatiani, M Sidira, A Iezzi, A J Sommerfield, D Châtenet, M L Olsen, R Bergemann, C Koehler, T L Kuraeva, B Balas, Christian Berne, E Santos-Mazo, G Smith, A Siejka, R Kožnarová, A Mattina, S Sheikh, A Adomeit, M Rasmussen, J. Fagerudd, N Busciantella Ricci, Nuria Vilarrasa, E Hammar, T L Thoms, L Aydın, Ron G. Rosenfeld, A Nikolajuk, R Gos, C L Morgan, H L Yu, D Dheelchand, S Ramrath, N Boudriga, Jerome I. Rotter, C Jahannault, W M Weston, Folke Lindgärde, M Hertlova, D Knight, A Monroy-Mayorga, E Pardini, A Chamson-Reig, B Franke, Janie McCluskey, Joseph Bryan, C Nikolopoulou, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fausto Santeusanio, L Pegoraro, M Lee, A Klimenko, S Jaiveer, K. Pettersson-Fernholm, Michael A. 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Jensen, G, Fisher, A, Petrovsky, N, Srikusalanukul, W, Budge, M, Trifunovic zamaklar, D, Zivkovic, M, Jelic, V, Vukomanovic, G, Ristic, A, Seferovic, P, Costa, J, Duarte, S, Manley, S, Sailesh, S, Venkataraman, A, Haider, Y, Groza, I, Oprean, M, Ardelean, A, Morosanu, A, Darkow, T, Vanderplas, A, Mamas, M, Mcelduff, P, Burns, J, Edwards, R, Fitchet, A, Young, R, Gibson, J, Lichiardopol, R, Niculescu, N, Totora, A, Pencea, C, Tomescu, I, Cinteza, M, Manicardi, V, Coscelli, C, Navazio, A, Catellani, E, Michelini, M, Dall'Asta, D, Guberti, A, Piazza, A, Gasparini, E, Pantaleoni, M, Guiducci, U, Manari, A, Sejil, S, Janand delenne, B, Avierinos, J, Habib, G, Labastie, N, Vague, P, Lassmann vague, V, Luźniak, P, Tatoń, J, Wojciechowska Luźniak, A, Zairis, M, Lyras, A, Patsourakos, N, Tsirimbis, V, Foussas, S, Lupón, J, Urrutia, A, Herreros, J, González, B, Coll, R, Altimir, S, Prats, M, Valle, V, Abreu padí, C, Rábago, G, Ivanova, L, Brasacchio, D, Harno, E, Keenan, A, Li, H, Lu, Z, Ke, L, Liu, H, Jeong, I, Chae, M, Choi, M, Yoo, H, Kim, C, Yun, M, Na, M, Kang, Y, Kong, O, Son, S, Kim, I, Tanaka, N, Hosoi, M, Matsuyama, Y, Fukumoto, M, Yamakita, T, Yoshioka, K, Ishii, T, Sato, T, Fujii, S, Aoki, T, Shibata, T, Mizutani, N, Suzuki, J, Fowelin, J, Samuelsson, P, Brandrup wogsen, G, Okumura, K, Tokmakova, A, Staroverova, D, Antcieferov, M, Shutichina, I, Kuntchevich, G, Vriesendorp, T, Morélis, Q, Legemate, D, Schaper, F, Mainas, E, Gkioulmpasanis, I, Panagiotou, I, Vassilikos, G, Skorda, L, Sidira, M, Christoforidou, M, Alaveras, A, Artikis, V, Evdemon, E, Lechleitner, M, Koch, T, Ebenbichler, C, Sturm, W, Moretti, L, Moruzzo, D, Boldrini, E, Pandolfo, C, Kameyama, M, Iwasa, R, Cho, M, Nam, J, Huh, K, Kaplar, M, Paragh, G, Erdei, A, Csongradi, E, Garai, I, Varga, J, Galuska, L, Udvardy, M, Higa, M, Kaneko, Y, Hiroi, N, Koziarska, D, Nowacki, P, Majkowska, L, Luzniak, P, Wojciechowska luźniak, A, Tushuizen, M, Nieuwland, R, Snoeck, D, Sturk, A, Diamant, M, Aguiar, L, Bahia, 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D, Torjesen, P, Kilhovd, B, Berg, T, Sandvik, L, Hanssen, K, Mentink, C, Donchenko, G, Stepanenko, S, Maingrette, F, Deng, H, Lindenmair, A, Freudenthaler, A, Baumgartner parzer, S, Nizheradze, K, Khoruzhenko, A, Tronko, N, Sheu, W, Ou, H, Shen, H, Lin, T, Wu, H, Yang, C, Mogylnytska, L, Schmoelzer, I, Davies, J, Band, M, Struthers, A, Prázný, M, Škrha, J, Kasalová, Z, Neelotpol, S, Jahan, P, Kauschke, S, Harrop, C, Schäfer, A, Widder, J, Eigenthaler, M, Walter, U, Uchimura, I, Ikebukuro, M, Kaibara, M, Hirata, M, Helal, R, Pervin, F, Yang, X, Jansson, P, Nagaev, I, Jack, M, Carvalho, E, Sunnerhagen, K, Cam, M, Cushman, S, Smith, U, Creely, S, Farmer, J, Gustafson, B, Kusminski, C, Krusinova, E, Wohl, P, Klementova, M, Lanska, V, Mcdougall, C, Kelly, I, Abbas, Z, Lutale, J, Archibald, L, Karunajeewa, H, Stingemore, N, Stuccio, G, Mcgechie, D, Muller, L, Hak, E, Goudzwaard, W, Montorsi, F, Homering, M, Sprenger, K, Goldstein, I, Asnaghi, V, Ferrari, G, Rastaldi, M, Gabellini, D, Dell'Antonio, G, Maestroni, A, Ruggieri, D, Luzi, L, Piemonti, L, Zerbini, G, Anafaroglu, I, Tutuncu, N, Sultana, M, Siddiqua, N, Iwasaki, T, Nakajima, A, Yoneda, M, Mukasa, K, Tanaka, S, and Sekihara, H
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, EASD, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Family medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Published: 2004

50. P5-98

Author: Lip-Bun Tan, Diane Barker, David J. Wright, Ashish Y. Patwala, David F. Goldspink, Simon G. Williams, and Paul Woods
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation exercise, business.industry, Physiology (medical), Physical therapy, Medicine, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2006

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