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By exploring the history of antibiotic discovery and how antimicrobial resistance has become a global problem, this study aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the impact of these factors on public health. At the same time, we will analyze the strategies proposed to counter this worrying development and to ensure a future in which antibiotics remain effective tools in the treatment of bacterial infections. The purpose of this paper is to review proposed strategies for countering antimicrobial resistance, including the development of new antibiotics, improved prescribing practices, and public awareness of the responsible use of these drugs. In an era where treatment-resistant infections are becoming more common, it is crucial that we engage in concerted efforts to maintain the effectiveness of antibiotics and ensure the future health of the global population.

Antibiotic resistance is a significant threat to human health, and the food sector often serves as an important reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this context, it is important to investigate and know the dynamics of antibiotic resistance at the level of the most frequently isolated bacteria from the food sector. The aim of this study was to highlight the implication of antibiotic resistance in the food sector to protect public health and to counter the emerging threats generated by bioresistance in the food sector. Thus, we presented the role of the food sector in the spread of bioresistance, the methodology necessary to investigate antibiotic resistance in the food sector and the importance of identifying antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from food.

Control of reproduction in companion animals is ensured both by surgical sterilization and by the administration of contraceptive medication. Since most progestogens have frequent severe adverse effects, long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, such as deslorelin, are now more commonly used. The advantages of the deslorelin implant are easy administration, increased efficiency over a long period of time, safety of use and reversibility of sterilization. Apart from using the implant as a contraceptive method, it can be administered in the therapy of conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or in the treatment of behavioral disorders (aggression, excessive marking). The purpose of this short review is to present the advantages of using the deslorelin implant in pets and to highlight its effectiveness in controlling thier reproduction.

In the field of oncology immunotherapy, remarkable discoveries have been made în recent years. The aim of this paper is to cover recent findings în oncology immunotherapy, including the use of inhibitory T cells, modified T cells, anti-cancer vaccines and anti-B and T antibodies. In veterinary oncology, immunotherapy is increasingly used due to impressive results. Modified T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable tumour control and regression în human subjects, and anticancer vaccines have recently demonstrated long disease-free periods and increased survival time în dogs with lymphoma. Thus, due to the clinical effects obtained, immunomodulators are successfully used în veterinary oncology therapy.

Peri-implantitis (PI) is a current concern whose understanding and resolution are ongoing. We aimed to evaluate in vivo a new treatment with antibacterial properties, based on bacterial lysates obtained from the strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus oralis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. This research was conducted on 30 rats with PI which were divided into three groups and treated with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory (AAi) drugs, bacterial lysates (BLs), and saline (C), respectively. The monitoring period included the clinical and paraclinical examination where hematological, immunological, imaging, and histopathological analysis were performed. No particular clinical signs were observed, but the radiological examination showed the loss of all implants in group C, in contrast to group BL which had the highest survival rate of devices. White cells showed a decrease from the PI period, as did the immunological analysis. Only IL-6 showed an increase in the AAi and BL groups. Histopathologically, the C group presented a high degree of bone destruction, and in the BL group, many attenuated inflammatory phenomena appeared compared to the AAi animals. Bacterial lysates have similar effects to antibiotic-based therapeutic regimens for PI, and their future use may help to improve the current therapeutic management of the disease.

Peri-implantitis (PI), the most widespread condition in the oral cavity, affects patients globally; thus, advanced research in both in vitro and in vivo studies is required. This study aimed to develop peri-implantitis in the rat model by oral contamination with bacteria responsible for PI in humans. The study was carried out in three stages: the extraction of the maxillary first molar to reproduce the human edentation, the mounting of the implant, and finally, the contamination of the device by gavage with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus oralis. The hematological examinations showed statistically significant increases for WBCs (white blood cells), Hb (hemoglobin), RBCs (red blood cells), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), and PLTs (platelets), but especially for the level of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and the systemic immunoinflammatory index completed the picture related to the inflammatory response triggered as a result of the activity of microorganisms pathogens on oral tissues. By examining the liver and kidney profile, we hypothesized that peri-implantitis is associated with systemic diseases, and the histopathological examination showed peri-implantitis lesions characterized by a marked inflammatory infiltrate with numerous neutrophils and lymphocytes. By corroborating all the results, we successfully developed a rat peri-implantitis model using a mixed bacterial infection through the oral gavage technique.

Periodontal disease is that condition resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues, bone resorption, and tooth loss, the etiology of which is linked to immunological and microbiological factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential trigger of periodontal disease in a rat model using bacterial species incriminated in the pathology of human periodontitis and to establish their optimal concentrations capable of reproducing the disease, with the idea of subsequently developing innovative treatments for the condition. In this study, we included 15 male Wistar rats, aged 20 weeks, which we divided into three groups. In each group, we applied ligatures with gingival retraction wire on the maxillary incisors. The ligature and the gingival sac were contaminated by oral gavage with a mixture of fresh cultures of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) and Streptococcus oralis (S.o) in concentrations of 108, 109, and 1010 CFU/mL each for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. During the clinical monitoring period of 28 days, overlapped with the period of oral contamination, we followed the expression of clinical signs specific to periodontitis. We also monitored the evolution of body weight and took weekly samples from the oral cavity for the microbiological identification of the tested bacteria and blood samples for hematological examination. At the end of the study, the animals were euthanized, and the ligated incisors were taken for histopathological analysis. The characteristic symptomatology of periodontal disease was expressed from the first week of the study and was maintained until the end, and we were able to identify the bacteria during each examination. Hematologically, the number of neutrophils decreased dramatically (p < 0.0001) in the case of the 109 group, unlike the other groups, as did the number of lymphocytes. Histopathologically, we identified neutrophilic infiltrate in all groups, as well as the presence of coccobacilli, periodontal tissue hyperplasia, and periodontal lysis. In the 109 group, we also observed pulpal tissue with necrotic bone fragments and pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction. By corroborating the data, we can conclude that for the development of periodontal disease using A.a, F.n, and S.o, a concentration of 109 or 1010 CFU/mL is required, which must necessarily contaminate a ligature thread applied to the level of the rat’s dental pack.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor associated with the progression of glaucoma and the research on animal models is constantly evolving. Rebound tonometry has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of IOP, not only for the human patient but also for the animal patient. The aim of the paper is to assess intraocular pressure in guinea pigs in order to establish reference values. IOP was measured for three days, at different time intervals, in 40 guinea pigs, using the iCare Tonovet TV01 tonometer. The mean values obtained in coloured guinea pigs were 13.82 mmHg ± 1.64 mmHg in the right eye, 14.11 mmHg ± 1.68 mmHg in the left eye, and in white guinea pigs 12.56 mmHg ± 0.95 mmHg in the right eye, 13.02 mmHg ± 1.29 mmHg for the left eye. The values obtained from this study it can be concluded that the strain of coloured, records the highest values in the morning, which remain linear during the day, and decrease in the evening compared to the white strain which has a constant evolution during the day, and in the evening increases.

In oncology research, in vivo experiments on animal models have played and still play an essential role in understanding the etiology, evolution, diagnosis and therapy of human cancer. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of preclinical oncological studies on both experimental animals and pets that have developed spontaneous tumours, in the evolution of diagnostic methods and therapeutic management of neoplastic diseases. Also, a series of criteria underlying the elaboration of an in vivo study are emphasized, regarding the species, breed, sex, age of the animals, the selected tumour line and its purpose, taking into account the obligation to respect the ethical principles regarding the use of animals in research.

In order to investigate the interaction between the bone and the dental implant, in vivo testsare performed in accordance with the biocompatibility requirements. As in vitro tests do not provide sufficient data on the quality of the implants, the animal models are used because they allow a complete assessment of all the factors involved in the osseointegration process. The aim of the paper is to provide data on the bone structure of animal species involved in dental research, highlighting the complexity of bone structure and osseointegration depending on the species. At the same time, the importance of selecting animal models is emphasized, in order to obtain the most accurate data for the development of dental implants and their use in humans. Following the research, essential data were obtained that helped to synthesize the bone characteristics of animals such as rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep or goats and relate them to the human bone skeleton. These data are useful in choosing an animal model when testing a new dental implant.

The intervertebral disk herniation is an abnormal disposal of the nucleus pulposus and/or annulus fibrosus. The displacement can be found in the vertebral canal and/or intervertebral foramen. The affection’s therapy can be conservative and/or surgical. The conservative management (non-surgical) of disc hernia is a frequent necessary approach in circumstances in which surgery is not an option for financial, medical or other reasons. This case follows the evolution of a Beagle patient with cervical disk hernia whose therapeutic conservative protocol was modified and prolonged due to its non-compliance which contributed to pain outbreaks.

Honey is a natural product made by honeybees, containing numerous simple sugars, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and enzymes, which provide good nutritional and medicinal qualities. Honey that has come into contact with foreign substances like pesticides, or antibiotics loses a lot of its beneficial properties. In addition to their advantages and significance in agriculture, pesticide use has escalated recently and has a detrimental effect on bees and the items they produce. Controlling the presence of pesticide residues is necessary since beekeeping and agricultural practices might contaminate bee products with pesticides. In apiculture, antibiotics are used to shield bees from a range of diseases that affect their young. Due to the emergence of oxytetracycline resistance, erythromycin and tylosin are being utilized more frequently for the prevention of as well as the care of these illnesses. More than 35% of all pesticides sold worldwide are fungicides, and usage of these products is expected to rise in the coming years. The purpose of this paper was to present and classify the main classes of compounds found in honey and to highlight the main residue detection techniques used currently in honey quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey is a natural product made by honeybees, containing numerous simple sugars, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and enzymes, which provide good nutritional and medicinal qualities. Honey that has come into contact with foreign substances like pesticides, or antibiotics loses a lot of its beneficial properties. In addition to their advantages and significance in agriculture, pesticide use has escalated recently and has a detrimental effect on bees and the items they produce. Controlling the presence of pesticide residues is necessary since beekeeping and agricultural practices might contaminate bee products with pesticides. In apiculture, antibiotics are used to shield bees from a range of diseases that affect their young. Due to the emergence of oxytetracycline resistance, erythromycin and tylosin are being utilized more frequently for the prevention of as well as the care of these illnesses. More than 35% of all pesticides sold worldwide are fungicides, and usage of these products is expected to rise in the coming years. The purpose of this paper was to present and classify the main classes of compounds found in honey and to highlight the main residue detection techniques used currently in honey quality control.

The formulation of cosmeceutical products containing plant and animal compunds is the current concern of many researchers in the pharmaceutical field and it is the subject of many specialized studies. Natural active ingredients from the oleoresins and vegetable sources are frequently used in the field of cosmeceuticals due to their medical properties, among which the most important are the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. In this mini-review, we presenetd the bioactive ingredients obtained from the resins of the Boswellia species, their general characteristics and the mechanisms of action by which the analyzed compounds can produce a beneficial effect. Due to the demonstrated effectiveness, numerous cosmeceutical products contain compounds obtained from the resins of Boswellia species.