100 results on '"Diana, Toledo"'
Search Results
2. The frequency of pathogenic variation in the All of Us cohort reveals ancestry-driven disparities
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Eric Venner, Karynne Patterson, Divya Kalra, Marsha M. Wheeler, Yi-Ju Chen, Sara E. Kalla, Bo Yuan, Jason H. Karnes, Kimberly Walker, Joshua D. Smith, Sean McGee, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Andrew Haddad, Philip E. Empey, Qiaoyan Wang, Lee Lichtenstein, Diana Toledo, Gail Jarvik, Anjene Musick, Richard A. Gibbs, and the All of Us Research Program Investigators
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Disparities in data underlying clinical genomic interpretation is an acknowledged problem, but there is a paucity of data demonstrating it. The All of Us Research Program is collecting data including whole-genome sequences, health records, and surveys for at least a million participants with diverse ancestry and access to healthcare, representing one of the largest biomedical research repositories of its kind. Here, we examine pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants that were identified in the All of Us cohort. The European ancestry subgroup showed the highest overall rate of pathogenic variation, with 2.26% of participants having a pathogenic variant. Other ancestry groups had lower rates of pathogenic variation, including 1.62% for the African ancestry group and 1.32% in the Latino/Admixed American ancestry group. Pathogenic variants were most frequently observed in genes related to Breast/Ovarian Cancer or Hypercholesterolemia. Variant frequencies in many genes were consistent with the data from the public gnomAD database, with some notable exceptions resolved using gnomAD subsets. Differences in pathogenic variant frequency observed between ancestral groups generally indicate biases of ascertainment of knowledge about those variants, but some deviations may be indicative of differences in disease prevalence. This work will allow targeted precision medicine efforts at revealed disparities.
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- 2024
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3. Absence of short-term changes in knowledge and attitudes among household contacts of COVID-19 cases during the post-acute phase of the pandemic in Catalonia and Navarre, Spain
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Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Diana Toledo, Aitziber Echeverría, Pere Godoy, Manuel García Cenoz, Ignasi Parrón, Jesús Castilla, Angela Domínguez, and Iván Martínez-Baz
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knowledge ,attitude ,COVID-19 ,household contacts ,preventive measures ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate short-term changes in knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and preventive measures during the post-acute phase of the pandemic in Spain.MethodsA survey was performed in Catalonia and Navarre between May-2022 and July-2023 in household contacts of COVID-19 cases. Knowledge and attitude were assessed at baseline and at three months, using a Likert scale. Responses were grouped according to correct or incorrect.ResultsAt baseline, 172 subjects were contacted, 118 (69%) of which completed a follow-up interview three months later. Knowledge of correct hand-washing and mask protocols had maintained over time (−1.7%, p = 0.553 and − 2.5%, p = 0.473, respectively). Attitudes toward preventive measures was adequate in the first interview (86%), but attitudes regarding use of face masks decreased significantly (−9.1%, p = 0.048) over time in participants with higher risk of severe COVID-19. However, most short-term changes in knowledge and attitudes were not statistically significant.ConclusionHousehold contacts showed correct knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and its preventive measures, without significant changes in the short term despite a relaxation of government-mandated preventive measures. These results provide relevant information in case of a new health emergency due to respiratory viruses.
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- 2024
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4. Author Correction: The frequency of pathogenic variation in the All of Us cohort reveals ancestry-driven disparities
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Eric Venner, Karynne Patterson, Divya Kalra, Marsha M. Wheeler, Yi-Ju Chen, Sara E. Kalla, Bo Yuan, Jason H. Karnes, Kimberly Walker, Joshua D. Smith, Sean McGee, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Andrew Haddad, Philip E. Empey, Qiaoyan Wang, Lee Lichtenstein, Diana Toledo, Gail Jarvik, Anjene Musick, Richard A. Gibbs, and on behalf of the All of Us Research Program Investigators
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Published
- 2024
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5. Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Over Time in Postacute COVID-19 Environments: Protocol for an Epidemiological Study
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Iván Martínez-Baz, Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Núria Soldevila, Núria Torner, David Palma, Manuel García Cenoz, Glòria Pérez, Cristina Burgui, Jesús Castilla, Pere Godoy, Angela Domínguez, and Diana Toledo
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Medicine ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, COVID-19 is in transition from the acute pandemic phase into a postacute phase, and special attention should be paid at this time to COVID-19 control strategies. Understanding public knowledge and attitudes plays a pivotal role in controlling COVID-19’s spread and provides information about the public’s adherence to preventive and control measures. ObjectiveThis study protocol describes the planning and management of a survey to investigate the persistent or changing trends in knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19, vaccination, and nonpharmaceutical preventive measures among COVID-19 cases’ household contacts aged 18 years and older, after the acute phase of the pandemic in Catalonia and Navarre in Spain. The secondary objectives include investigating the rate of secondary transmission in households, taking into account the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and preventive measures toward COVID-19. MethodsA telephone questionnaire was designed to assess the changing trends in knowledge, preventive measures, and attitudes toward COVID-19 in 3 rounds (after identification as a household contact, 3 months later, and 6 months later). The questionnaire was developed following an extensive literature review and through discussions with a panel of experts who designed and assessed the validity of the questionnaire in terms of relevance, consistency, completeness, and clarity. The questionnaire consists of the following 7 sections: social and demographic characteristics (ie, gender, age, educational level, and workplace), comorbidities and risk factors (according to the recommendations from the COVID-19 vaccination strategy), epidemiological data (ie, exposure time, relationship with index cases, and frequency of use of nonpharmaceutical preventive measures), COVID-19 vaccination status (ie, the number and date of doses received), knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 (assessed using a 5-point Likert scale—totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, and totally disagree), and sources of information (including traditional mass media, social media, and official sources). ResultsA pilot study was performed in May 2022 to evaluate the questionnaire with 22 household contacts. Preliminary findings indicated that the questionnaire was feasible and acceptable in the general population. The average response time was 15 minutes, with greater variations in responses by older participants. After the pilot study, recruitment of participants began and is expected to be completed at the end of the year 2023, after which the final results will be available in 2024. ConclusionsDespite the low transmission levels of SARS-CoV-2 and the relaxation of containment measures, the implementation of the survey during the postacute phase will provide valuable insight to assist public health decision-making and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, thereby attenuating the negative effects of COVID-19 at individual and population level. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/52114
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- 2023
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6. Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment among Adult Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Catalonia, Spain, in 2019−2021
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Pedro Plans-Rubió, Sofia Godoy, Diana Toledo, Angela Domínguez, Joan Caylà, Ignasi Parron, Joan Pau Millet, and Pere Godoy
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latent tuberculosis infection ,tuberculosis ,non-adherence to LTBI treatment ,factors of treatment non-adherence ,community health ,Medicine - Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment among contacts with latent TB infection for new cases of pulmonary TB cases reported in Catalonia in 2019–2021. All contacts aged 18 years or older with a latent TB infection who received a TB preventive treatment were included in the study. The Chi square test and the odds ratios (OR) were used to assess the association between non-adherence to TB preventive treatment and the study variables; a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent factors associated with TB preventive treatment non-adherence; a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The percentage of non-adherence to TB preventive treatment found in this study was 23.7%. A multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that the following factors were significantly associated with TB preventive treatment non-adherence among adult contacts: “exposure at school or workplace” (aOR = 3.34), “exposure to an index case without laboratory confirmation of TB” (aOR = 2.07), “immigrant contact” (aOR = 1.81), “male gender” (aOR = 1.75) and “exposure duration < 6 h per week or sporadic” (aOR = 1.60. By contrast, the factor “short-term TB preventive treatment regimen” (aOR = 0.38) was significantly associated with a lower treatment non-adherence. Adherence to TB preventive treatment should be improved among adult contacts of TB pulmonary cases with latent TB infection by recommending short-term treatment regimens and by developing health education activities, with a greater focus on contacts with factors associated with treatment non-adherence.
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- 2024
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7. Vaccinated COVID-19 Index Cases Are Less Likely to Transmit SARS-CoV-2 to Their Household Contacts: A Cohort Study
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Pere Godoy, Iván Martínez-Baz, Ignasi Parron, Manuel García-Cenoz, Joaquim Ferras, Mònica Carol, Nuria Bes, Montserrat Guillaumes, Sofia Godoy, Diana Toledo, Núria Follia, Carme Miret, Jessica Pardos, Miquel Alsedà, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Inma Sanz, Maria-Rosa Sala, Joan A. Caylà, Jacobo Mendioroz, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Jesús Castilla, Ángela Domínguez, and on behalf of the SARS-CoV-2 Transmission to Household Contacts Working Group
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SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,incidence rate ,vaccine ,household contact ,secondary attack rate ,Medicine - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of index case vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts. In our epidemiological cohort study (May 2022–November 2023), we surveyed registered index case vaccination status and test results for contacts (testing on day 0, and on day 7 for negative contacts) and calculated the secondary attack rate (SAR), i.e., newly infected contacts/susceptible included contacts. The association of the independent variable, index case COVID-19 vaccination (yes/no), with household contact infection was determined using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We recorded 181 index cases and 314 contacts, of whom 250 agreed to participate; 16 contacts were excluded upon testing positive on day 0. Of the 234 included contacts, 49.1% were women, and the mean (SD) age was 51.9 (19.8) years. The overall SAR of 37.2% (87/234) was lower in the contacts of both vaccinated index cases (34.9% vs. 63.2%; p = 0.014) and index cases with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection history (27.0% vs. 46.3%; p = 0.002). Index case vaccination showed a protective effect against infection for their household contacts (aOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.67). The household SAR was high when the Omicron variant circulated. Vaccinated index cases were less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their contacts.
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- 2024
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8. Factors Associated with Treatment Prescription to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Contacts in Catalonia (2019–2021): A Population-Based Epidemiological Study
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Ángela Domínguez, Núria Soldevila, Diana Toledo, Ignasi Parrón, Joan-Pau Millet, Irene Barrabeig, Pere Godoy, and on behalf of Transmission of Tuberculosis in Catalonia (Spain) Working Group
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contact tracing ,tuberculosis ,latent TB infection ,treatment ,prescription ,prevention ,Medicine - Abstract
In countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence, the systematic testing and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in contacts of pulmonary TB index cases is the standard of care. The objective of this study, conducted in Catalonia over 2019–2021, was to assess the factors associated with LTBI treatment prescription to close contacts of pulmonary TB index cases. In this population-based epidemiological study of LTBI prevalence among pulmonary TB contacts between 2019 and 2021, multiple logistic backward stepwise regression was used to identify the factors associated with treatment prescription, for which the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 1487 LTBI contacts of 542 pulmonary TB index cases were studied, 80.6% of whom received a prescription. The factors associated with LTBI treatment prescription were exposure ≥6 h/day (aOR 14.20; 95% CI 5.22–38.66) and exposure
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- 2023
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9. Losses in the Care Cascade for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the Tracing Contact Studies
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Sofia Godoy, Ignasi Parrón, Joan-Pau Millet, Joan A. Caylà, Núria Follia, Mònica Carol, Àngels Orcau, Miquel Alsedà, Diana Toledo, Glòria Ferrús, Pere Plans, Irene Barrabeig, Laura Clotet, Àngela Domínguez, Pere Godoy, and the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Catalonia (Spain) Working Group
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tuberculosis ,latent tuberculosis infection ,contact tracing ,epidemiology ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: The control of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) encompasses multiple stages. The objective was to calculate the losses in the LTBI care cascade for pulmonary TB contacts in Catalonia (Spain). Methods: The LTBI care cascade was studied for pulmonary TB contacts reported from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2021, considering three dependent variables: non-performance of testing; non-receipt of a treatment prescription; and non-adherence to treatment. Variables associated with the cascade were analysed using adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Identified from 847 cases of pulmonary TB were 7087 contacts, of whom 6537 (92.2%) could be screened for LTBI. LTBI prevalence was 25.5% (1670/6537); 69.4% of persons with LTBI (1159/1670) received a treatment prescription and 71.3% (827/1159) completed it. Treatment prescription was associated with age ≥65 years (aOR = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.2–0.6) and a daily exposure of ≥6 h to the TB index case (aOR = 3.6; 95%CI: 2.6–5.0). Treatment adherence was lower in men (aOR = 0.7; 95%CI: 0.5–1.0) and immigrants (aOR = 0.7; 95%CI: 0.5–0.9). Conclusions: Under 50% of contacts make it to the end of the LTBI cascade. Losses need to be reduced through education of both healthcare providers and patients and through treatment monitoring. The greater involvement of primary care physicians could help in monitoring and controling LTBI.
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- 2023
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10. A Profile of Adult Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pneumonia Patients According to Pneumococcal Vaccination Status
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María Morales-Suárez-Varela, Diana Toledo, María Amelia Fernández-Sierra, María Liébana, Gerardo Rubiera, Gema Navarro, Concepción Prados, Judith Chamarro, Isabel Peraita-Costa, Angela Domínguez, and Working Group of Project FIS PI19/
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SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,pneumococcal vaccine ,Medicine - Abstract
Certain patient profile characteristics, such as preexisting medical conditions, can modify the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among adults vaccinated and not vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. This retrospective cohort study aimed to quantify the risk of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 among individuals from 15 to 64 years old with and without pneumococcal vaccination in Spain during the 2020–2021 influenza season and establish a risk profile of patients more likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Data (demographic information, patient medical history, and lifestyle habits) were gathered both directly from the patient via personal interview and by reviewing electronic medical records. In an adjusted analysis for pneumococcal vaccinated patients, visits to hospital outpatient clinics were protective while visits to primary health care services, being widowed, obese, and not using masks in outdoor open spaces were identified as risk factors. For patients who had not received a pneumococcal vaccine, visits to hospital outpatient clinics were protective, while being overweight or obese, alcohol consumption, and not using masks in outdoor open spaces were identified as risk factors. Concerning comorbidities, in the pneumococcal vaccinated group none were found to be protective but having diabetes or other respiratory diseases were identified as risk factors. In the unvaccinated group, undergoing immunosuppressive treatment and having metastatic tumors were protective factors, while cerebrovascular disease and obesity with a BMI ≥ 40 were risk factors. A similar risk profile for developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in pneumococcal vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals was found. Generally, vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of developing SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that vaccination against S. pneumoniae could prevent and reduce SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Additionally, this study has identified individuals with other medical conditions, such as obesity, underweight, diabetes, and a history of respiratory diseases, who are at an increased risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and could benefit from vaccination and supervision.
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- 2023
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11. Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease, and COVID-19: A Narrative Review
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Carles Vilaplana-Carnerero, Maria Giner-Soriano, Àngela Dominguez, Rosa Morros, Carles Pericas, Dolores Álamo-Junquera, Diana Toledo, Carmen Gallego, Ana Redondo, and María Grau
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COVID-19 ,atherosclerosis ,cardiovascular disease ,long COVID ,bidirectional link ,cardiovascular disease treatments ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative process that mainly occurs in large- and medium-sized arteries and is morphologically characterized by asymmetric focal thickenings of the innermost layer of the artery, the intima. This process is the basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the most common cause of death worldwide. Some studies suggest a bidirectional link between atherosclerosis and the consequent CVD with COVID-19. The aims of this narrative review are (1) to provide an overview of the most recent studies that point out a bidirectional relation between COVID-19 and atherosclerosis and (2) to summarize the impact of cardiovascular drugs on COVID-19 outcomes. A growing body of evidence shows that COVID-19 prognosis in individuals with CVD is worse compared with those without. Moreover, various studies have reported the emergence of newly diagnosed patients with CVD after COVID-19. The most common treatments for CVD may influence COVID-19 outcomes. Thus, their implication in the infection process is briefly discussed in this review. A better understanding of the link among atherosclerosis, CVD, and COVID-19 could proactively identify risk factors and, as a result, develop strategies to improve the prognosis for these patients.
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- 2023
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12. Education Policy Outlook: Kazakhstan
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Fitzpatrick, Manuela, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, and Crosby, Shiana
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This policy profile on education in Kazakhstan is part of the Education Policy Outlook series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy. The country profiles provide analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insights into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of Kazakhstan's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: ways to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; and how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of references and further reading is included.
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- 2018
13. Does knowing the influenza epidemic threshold has been reached influence the performance of influenza case definitions?
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Núria Soldevila, Diana Toledo, Ana Martínez, Pere Godoy, Núria Torner, Cristina Rius, Mireia Jané, Angela Domínguez, and PIDIRAC Sentinel Surveillance Program of Catalonia
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundDisease surveillance using adequate case definitions is very important. The objective of the study was to compare the performance of influenza case definitions and influenza symptoms in the first two epidemic weeks with respect to other epidemic weeks.MethodsWe analysed cases of acute respiratory infection detected by the network of sentinel primary care physicians of Catalonia for 10 seasons. We calculated the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the first two epidemic weeks and for other epidemic weeks.ResultsA total of 4,338 samples were collected in the epidemic weeks, of which 2,446 (56.4%) were positive for influenza. The most predictive case definition for laboratory-confirmed influenza was the WHO case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI) in the first two epidemic weeks (DOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.57-2.81) and in other epidemic weeks (DOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.96-2.72). The most predictive symptom was fever. After knowing that epidemic threshold had been reached, the DOR of the ILI WHO case definition in children aged ConclusionsDuring influenza epidemics, differences in the performance of the case definition and the discriminative ability of symptoms were found according to whether it was known that the epidemic threshold had been reached or not. This suggests that sentinel physicians are stricter in selecting samples to send to the laboratory from patients who present symptoms more specific to influenza after rather than before an influenza epidemic has been declared.
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- 2022
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14. Education Policy Outlook: Mexico
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Fitzpatrick, Manuela, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, and Crosby, Shiana
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This updated policy profile on education in Mexico is part of the Education Policy Outlook series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy. This country profile is an update of the first policy profile of Mexico (2013) and reviews the current context and situation of Mexico's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: ways to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; and how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of references and further reading is included. [To view the 2013 profile, see ED583611.]
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- 2018
15. Human Keratinocytes Adopt Neuronal Fates After Transplantation in the Developing Rat Brain
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Andrea Tenorio-Mina, Daniel Cortés, Joel Esquivel-Estudillo, Adolfo López-Ornelas, Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman, Rolando Lara-Rodarte, Itzel Escobedo-Avila, Fernanda Vargas-Romero, Diana Toledo-Hernández, Enrique Estudillo, Juan José Acevedo-Fernández, Jesús Santa-Olalla Tapia, and Iván Velasco
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Medicine - Abstract
Human skin contains keratinocytes in the epidermis. Such cells share their ectodermal origin with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have demonstrated that terminally differentiated somatic cells can adopt a pluripotent state, or can directly convert its phenotype to neurons, after ectopic expression of transcription factors. In this article we tested the hypothesis that human keratinocytes can adopt neural fates after culturing them in suspension with a neural medium. Initially, keratinocytes expressed Keratins and Vimentin. After neural induction, transcriptional upregulation of NESTIN, SOX2, VIMENTIN, SOX1, and MUSASHI1 was observed, concomitant with significant increases in NESTIN detected by immunostaining. However, in vitro differentiation did not yield the expression of neuronal or astrocytic markers. We tested the differentiation potential of control and neural-induced keratinocytes by grafting them in the developing CNS of rats, through ultrasound-guided injection. For this purpose, keratinocytes were transduced with lentivirus that contained the coding sequence of green fluorescent protein. Cell sorting was employed to select cells with high fluorescence. Unexpectedly, 4 days after grafting these cells in the ventricles, both control and neural-induced cells expressed green fluorescent protein together with the neuronal proteins βIII-Tubulin and Microtubule-Associated Protein 2. These results support the notion that in vivo environment provides appropriate signals to evaluate the neuronal differentiation potential of keratinocytes or other non-neural cell populations.
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- 2021
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16. Education Policy Outlook: Belgium
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Golden, Gillian, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Giovinazzo, Manon, Crosby, Shiana, and Horvathova, Michaela
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This policy profile on education in Belgium is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Belgium's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
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- 2017
17. Education Policy Outlook: Austria
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, Giovinazzo, Manon, Peterka, Judith, and Ullmann, Marie
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This policy profile on education in Austria is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Austria's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
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- 2017
18. Education Policy Outlook: Sweden
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Peterka, Judith, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, and Giovinazzo, Manon
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This policy profile on education in Sweden is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
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- 2017
19. Education Policy Outlook: Latvia
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European Commission, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Jankova, Bojana, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, and Giovinazzo, Manon
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This policy profile on education in Latvia is part of the Education Policy Outlook series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of Latvia's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: ways to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; and how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of References and further reading is included.
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- 2017
20. Education Policy Outlook: Italy
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, Giovinazzo, Manon, Jankova, Bojana, and Horvathova, Michaela
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This policy profile on education in Italy is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies, such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. A list of References and further reading is included.
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- 2017
21. Education Policy Outlook: Korea
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Golden, Gillian, and Figueroa, Diana Toledo
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This policy profile on education in Korea is part of the Education Policy Outlook series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of Korea's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: raising outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; and improving how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
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- 2016
22. Education Policy Outlook: Slovenia
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Peterka, Judith, Field, Simon, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, Jankova, Bojana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
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This policy profile on education in Slovenia is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of Slovenia's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: raising outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of References and further reading is included.
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- 2016
23. Education Policy Outlook: Iceland
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Esteves, Denise, Field, Simon, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, and Jankova, Bojana
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Iceland is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Iceland's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of References and further reading is included.
- Published
- 2016
24. Education Policy Outlook: Israel
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Development Centre, Geva, Oren, Peterka, Judith, Pont, Beatriz, Field, Simon, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, Jankova, Bojana, Horvathova, Michaela, Linden, Rachel, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Israel is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. A list of References and further reading is included.
- Published
- 2016
25. Education Policy Outlook: Luxembourg
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Peterka, Judith, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Golden, Gillian, Jankova, Bojana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Luxembourg is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and the annual publication Education at a Glance, and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2016
26. Education Policy Outlook: Estonia
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Fraccola, Sylvain, Field, Simon, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Peterka, Judith, Jankova, Bojana, and Golden, Gillian
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Estonia is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Estonia's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2016
27. Education Policy Outlook: Slovak Republic
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Peterka, Judith, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in the Slovak Republic is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Slovak Republic's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: raising outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of References and further reading is included.
- Published
- 2015
28. Education Policy Outlook: Poland
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Fraccola, Sylvain, Jarczewska, Daria, Peterka, Judith, Pont, Beatriz, and Figueroa, Diana Toledo
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Poland is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of Poland's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: raising outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of References and further reading is included.
- Published
- 2015
29. Education Policy Outlook: Japan
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Miki, Tadakazu, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Peterka, Judith, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Japan is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2015
30. Education Policy Outlook: Hungary
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), European Commission, Peterka, Judith, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Hungary is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2015
31. Education Policy Outlook: Brazil
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Zapata, Juliana, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Peterka, Judith, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Brazil is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance." It also refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2015
32. Factors associated with 30-day mortality in elderly inpatients with community acquired pneumonia during 2 influenza seasons
- Author
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Núria Torner, Conchita Izquierdo, Núria Soldevila, Diana Toledo, Judith Chamorro, Elena Espejo, Amelia Fernández-Sierra, Angela Domínguez, and the Project PI12/02079 Working Group
- Subjects
aging ,community acquired pneumonia ,elderly ,mortality ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia unrelated to hospitals or extended-care facilities. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with CAP aged ≥ 65 y admitted to 20 hospitals in 7 Spanish regions during the 2013–14 and 2014–15 influenza seasons. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality. The adjusted model included variables selected by backward elimination with a cut off of < 0.02. A total of 1928 CAP cases were recorded; 60.7% were male, 46.67% were aged 75–84 years, and 30-day mortality was 7.6% (n = 146). Pneumococcal vaccination had a significant protective effect (OR 0.68, 95% CI, 0.48–0.96; p = 0.03) and influenza vaccination in any 3 preceding seasons slight protective effect against CAP (OR 0.72, 95% CI, 0.51–1.02;p = 0.06). Factors significantly associated with 30-day mortality were having a degree of dependence (aOR 3.67, 95% CI, 2.34–5.75; p < 0,001); age ≥ 85 y (OR 3.01, 95% CI, 1.71–5.30; p < 0.001), liver impairment (aOR 2.41, 95% CI, 1.10–5.31; p = 0.03); solid organ neoplasm (aOR 2.24, 95% CI, 1.46–3.45; p < 0.001), impaired cognitive function (aOR 1.93, 95% CI, 1.22–3.05; p = 0.005), and ICU admittance (aOR2.56, 95% CI, 1.27–5.16; p = 0.009); length of stay (aOR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.02 – 2.40; p = 0.04) and cardio-respiratory resuscitation (aOR 7.75, 95% CI, 1.20 – 49.98; p = 0.03). No association was observed for other comorbidities such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) or heart conditions in the adjusted model. Offering both pneumococcal and influenza vaccination to the elderly may improve 30-day mortality in patients with CAP.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Costs associated with influenza-related hospitalization in the elderly
- Author
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Núria Torner, Encarna Navas, Núria Soldevila, Diana Toledo, Gemma Navarro, Aurea Morillo, Maria José Pérez, Angela Domínguez, and the Working Group of the Project PI12/
- Subjects
influenza ,hospitalization ,cost ,elderly ,immunization ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics remain a considerable burden in adults, especially in those at higher risk of complications. The aim of this study was to determine the costs associated with influenza-related hospitalization in patients aged ≥65 y admitted to 20 hospitals from 7 Spanish regions during the 2013–14 and 2014–15 influenza seasons. Bivariate analysis was used to compare costs in vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Costs were calculated according to the Spanish National Health System diagnosis-related group tables for influenza and other respiratory system conditions (GRD 89 and GRD 101). A total of 728 confirmed influenza cases were recorded: 52.9% were male, 46.7% were aged 75–84 years, and 49.3% received influenza vaccine ≥15 d prior to hospital admission. Influenza-related mean hospitalization costs (MHC) were € 1,184,808 in unvaccinated and € 1,152,333 in vaccinated cases (2.75% lower). Influenza vaccination showed significant protection against ICU admission (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.21–0.59; p < 0001); mechanical ventilation (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.39–0.80; p = 0.002); secondary bacterial pneumonia (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.39–0.98; p = 0.04) and a higher degree of dependence (OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.55–0.99; p = 0.04). No association was observed for the Charlson comorbidity index or the mean hospital stay. Although influenza vaccination of the elderly may not achieve significant savings in mean hospitalization costs, it may lessen the degree of severity and avoid complications.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Education Policy Outlook: Canada
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Guerriero, Sonia, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Maghnouj, Soumaya, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Canada is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of Canada's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: raising outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2015
35. Education Policy Outlook: United Kingdom
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Geva, Oren, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Wittenberg, Désirée, Maghnouj, Soumaya, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in the United Kingdom (UK) is part of the new "Education Policy Outlook series," which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base available within the OECD, the series includes country profiles and a comparative report (first volume in 2015). It offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing: (1) analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles) and of international trends; and (2) comparative insight on policies and reforms on selected topics. This UK profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Survey of Adult Skills, the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2015
36. Estudio actitudes sobre vacunación antigripal en profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria de Cataluña
- Author
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Nuria Torner, Pere Godoy, Núria Soldevila, Diana Toledo, Cristina Rius, and Angela Domínguez
- Subjects
Vacuna antigripal ,Profesional sanitario ,Atención primaria ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objetivo: Los trabajadores sanitarios tienen riesgo de adquirir la gripe y actuar como vectores para la transmisión nosocomial. El objetivo del estudio fue la valoración de los conocimientos y actitudes de los profesionales sobre la vacunación antigripal, y determinar los factores asociados a ella por parte de profesionales de atención primaria en Cataluña. Diseño: Estudio transversal mediante una encuesta anónima vía web. Emplazamiento: Profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria del Instituto Catalán de la Salud. Participantes: Se incluyó a 1.212 profesionales de atención primaria. Se excluyó a los profesionales con contraindicación para recibir la vacuna o indicación de vacunación por condición médica de riesgo y aquellos que hubieran participado en la red centinela de vigilancia de la gripe Pla d’Informació Diària d’Infeccions Respiratòries Agudes de Catalunya (PIDIRAC). Resultados: Se consideraron 423 respuestas válidas, con una cobertura vacunal global del 46,6%. Se vacunaron más los que tenían de 45 a 54 años, los pediatras, los vacunados en las 3 temporadas anteriores o en alguna de ellas y los que convivían con enfermos crónicos. Se observó asociación entre estar vacunado y considerar que la vacunación es la mejor medida preventiva, preocupación por contraer la gripe y considerar importante la vacunación del personal sanitario. Conclusiones: Las actividades dirigidas a aumentar la cobertura de vacunación en profesionales sanitarios deberían dirigirse fundamentalmente a corregir concepciones erróneas sobre la vacunación de la gripe en profesionales sanitarios.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The frequency of pathogenic variation in the All of Us cohort reveals ancestry-driven disparities
- Author
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Eric Venner, Karynne Patterson, Divya Kalra, Marsha M. Wheeler, Yi-Ju Chen, Sara E. Kalla, Bo Yuan, Jason H. Karnes, Breanna Lee, Kimberly Walker, Josh Smith, Sean Mcgee, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Andrew Haddad, Qiaoyan Wang, Gail Jarvik, Diana Toledo, Anjene Musick, and Richard A. Gibbs
- Abstract
Disparities in the data that underlies clinical genomic interpretation is an acknowledged problem but there is a paucity of data demonstrating it. The National Institutes of Health’sAll of UsResearch Program aims to collect whole genome sequences, electronic health record (EHR) data, surveys and physical measurements for over a million participants of diverse ancestry and varied access to healthcare resources. We grouped participants by computed genetic ancestry and summarized the frequency of pathogenic variation within these groups. The European subgroup showed the highest rate of pathogenic variation (2.1%), with other ancestry groups ranging from 1.04% (East Asian) to 1.87% (‘Other’). Pathogenic variants were most frequently observed in genes related to Breast/Ovarian Cancer, Hypercholesterolemia or Hemochromatosis. Variant frequencies were consistent with gnomAD and some notable exceptions were resolved using gnomAD subsets. We additionally use this data to enrich sets of participants for specific genetic findings and to calculate penetrance. Differences in the frequency of pathogenic variants observed between ancestral groups generally indicate biases of ascertainment, but some may indicate differences in disease prevalence. These analyses are available on theAll of UsResearcher Workbench.
- Published
- 2022
38. Education Policy Outlook: Netherlands
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Zapata, Juliana, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Yee, Hyo Jeong, Skalde, Annette, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in the Netherlands is part of the new Education Policy Outlook series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base available within the OECD, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing: a) analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles) and of international trends and b) comparative insight on policies and reforms on selected topics. Designed for policy makers, analysts and practitioners who seek information and analysis of education policy taking into account the importance of national context, the country policy profiles offer constructive analysis of education policy in a comparative format. Each profile reviews the current context and situation of the country's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement and raise outcomes for all. They are: (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2014
39. Education Policy Outlook: Portugal
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Yee, Hyo Jeong, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Maghnouj, Soumaya, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Portugal is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Portugal's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), the Survey of Adult Skills, and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. A list of references and further reading is included.
- Published
- 2014
40. Education Policy Outlook: Spain
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Wittenberg, Désirée, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Spain is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Spain's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), the Survey of Adult Skills and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2014
41. Education Policy Outlook: Germany
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Klumpp, Lorenz, Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Wittenberg, Désirée, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Germany is part of the new Education Policy Outlook series, which will present comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base available within the OECD, the series will result in a biennial publication (first volume in 2014). It will develop a comparative outlook on education policy by providing: a) analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles) and of international trends and b) comparative insight on policies and reforms on selected topics. Designed for policy makers, analysts and practitioners who seek information and analysis of education policy taking into account the importance of national context, the country policy profiles will offer constructive analysis of education policy in a comparative format. Each profile will review the current context and situation of the country's education system and examine its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement:raising outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. A list of References and further reading is included.
- Published
- 2014
42. Education Policy Outlook: Denmark
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Albiser, Etienne, Yee, Hyo Jeong, Skalde, Annette, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Denmark is part of the new Education Policy Outlook series, which will present comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the substantial comparative and sectorial policy knowledge base available within the OECD, the series will result in a biennial publication (first volume in 2014). It will develop a comparative outlook on education policy by providing: a) analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles) and of international trends and b) comparative insight on policies and reforms on selected topics. Designed for policy makers, analysts and practitioners who seek information and analysis of education policy taking into account the importance of national context, the country policy profiles will offer constructive analysis of education policy in a comparative format. Each profile will review the current context and situation of the country's education system and examine its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement raising outcomes for all in terms of: (1) equity and quality by (2) preparing students for the future; raising quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; improvement in how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2014
43. Education Policy Outlook: Mexico
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Zapata, Juliana, Albiser, Etienne, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Mexico is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Mexico's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2013
44. Education Policy Outlook: New Zealand
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in New Zealand is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the New Zealand's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education.
- Published
- 2013
45. Education Policy Outlook: Ireland
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Ireland is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Ireland's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2013
46. Education Policy Outlook: Czech Republic
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in the Czech Republic is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Czech Republic's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2013
47. Education Policy Outlook: Australia
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Pont, Beatriz, Figueroa, Diana Toledo, Zapata, Juliana, and Fraccola, Sylvain
- Abstract
This policy profile on education in Australia is part of the "Education Policy Outlook" series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis of individual countries' educational context, challenges and policies (education policy profiles), analysis of international trends, and insight into policies and reforms on selected topics. This profile reviews the current context and situation of the Australia's education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement: how to raise outcomes for all in terms of (1) equity and quality and (2) preparing students for the future; how to raise quality through (3) school improvement and (4) evaluation and assessment; how the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of (5) governance and (6) funding. References and further reading are included. This country profile draws on OECD indicators from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the annual publication "Education at a Glance," and refers to country and thematic studies such as OECD work on early childhood education and care, teachers, school leadership, evaluation and assessment for improving school outcomes, equity and quality in education, governing complex education systems, vocational education and training, and tertiary education. References and further reading are included.
- Published
- 2013
48. Effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in preventing community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization and severe outcomes in the elderly in Spain.
- Author
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Àngela Domínguez, Núria Soldevila, Diana Toledo, Núria Torner, Luis Force, María José Pérez, Vicente Martín, Lourdes Rodríguez-Rojas, Jenaro Astray, Mikel Egurrola, Francisco Sanz, Jesús Castilla, and Working Group of the Project PI12/
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, but investigation of the etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not possible in most hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPSV23) in preventing CAP hospitalization and reducing the risk of intensive care unit admission (ICU) and fatal outcomes in hospitalized people aged ≥65 years. We made a multicenter case-control study in 20 Spanish hospitals during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. We selected patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia and controls matched by sex, age and date of hospitalization. Multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression to estimate vaccine effectiveness and unconditional logistic regression to evaluate the reduction in the risk of severe and fatal outcomes. 1895 cases and 1895 controls were included; 13.7% of cases and 14.4% of controls had received PPSV23 in the last five years. The effectiveness of PPSV23 in preventing CAP hospitalization was 15.2% (95% CI -3.1-30.3). The benefit of PPSV23 in avoiding ICU admission or death was 28.1% (95% CI -14.3-56.9) in all patients, 30.9% (95% CI -32.2-67.4) in immunocompetent patients and 26.9% (95% CI -38.6-64.8) in immunocompromised patients. In conclusion, PPSV23 showed a modest trend to avoidance of hospitalizations due to CAP and to the prevention of death or ICU admission in elderly patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of CAP.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Does knowing the influenza epidèmic threshold has been reached influence the performance of influenza case definitions?
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Núria, Soldevila, Diana, Toledo, Ana, Martínez, Pere, Godoy, Núria, Torner, Cristina, Rius, Mireia, Jané, and Angela, Domínguez
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Metges ,Multidisciplinary ,Fever ,Case formulation ,Tos ,Influenza ,Grip ,Diagnòstic ,Cough ,Formulació clínica ,Febre ,Physicians ,Influenza, Human ,Diagnosis ,Epidèmies ,Humans ,Seasons ,Child ,Epidemics ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Sentinel Surveillance ,Infants ,Children - Abstract
Background Disease surveillance using adequate case definitions is very important. The objective of the study was to compare the performance of influenza case definitions and influenza symptoms in the first two epidemic weeks with respect to other epidemic weeks. Methods We analysed cases of acute respiratory infection detected by the network of sentinel primary care physicians of Catalonia for 10 seasons. We calculated the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the first two epidemic weeks and for other epidemic weeks. Results A total of 4,338 samples were collected in the epidemic weeks, of which 2,446 (56.4%) were positive for influenza. The most predictive case definition for laboratory-confirmed influenza was the WHO case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI) in the first two epidemic weeks (DOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.57–2.81) and in other epidemic weeks (DOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.96–2.72). The most predictive symptom was fever. After knowing that epidemic threshold had been reached, the DOR of the ILI WHO case definition in children aged Conclusions During influenza epidemics, differences in the performance of the case definition and the discriminative ability of symptoms were found according to whether it was known that the epidemic threshold had been reached or not. This suggests that sentinel physicians are stricter in selecting samples to send to the laboratory from patients who present symptoms more specific to influenza after rather than before an influenza epidemic has been declared.
- Published
- 2022
50. Retrospective space-time cluster analysis of whooping cough re-emergence in Barcelona, Spain, 2000-2011
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Rubén Solano, Diana Gómez-Barroso, Fernando Simón, Sarah Lafuente, Pere Simón, Cristina Rius, Pilar Gorrindo, Diana Toledo, and Joan A. Caylà
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space-time analysis, whooping cough, Spain. ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
A retrospective, space-time study of whooping cough cases reported to the Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Spain between the years 2000 and 2011 is presented. It is based on 633 individual whooping cough cases and the 2006 population census from the Spanish National Statistics Institute, stratified by age and sex at the census tract level. Cluster identification was attempted using space-time scan statistic assuming a Poisson distribution and restricting temporal extent to 7 days and spatial distance to 500 m. Statistical calculations were performed with Stata 11 and SatScan and mapping was performed with ArcGis 10.0. Only clusters showing statistical significance (P
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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