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This study aims to determine the histology, the number and diameter of follicles, and the corpus albican of the Gayo mare ovary. The micro technical process was applied to 3 pairs of ovarian samples for further hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Observation of ovarian structure was carried out microscopically and the data were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the Gayo mare ovary consists of the medulla on the outside and the cortex on the inside. Medulla consists of small follicles, blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. Meanwhile, the cortex consists of de Graff's follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albican, and ovulatory fossa. Follicles are composed of oocytes, granulosa cells, internal and external theca cells, oophorous cumulus, follicular antrum, and follicular fluid. Atretic follicles contain lutein cells that have been damaged. The corpus luteum is composed of granulosa lutein tissue, internal theca and external. The corpus albican is composed of scar tissue and lutein cells. The measurement results showed that the primordial follicle diameter was 26.60±2.37 µm, primary follicle 54.33±6.70 µm, secondary follicle 119.32±25.55 µm, tertiary follicle 250.86±49.46 µm, atretic follicle 49.03±45.47 µm, the corpus albican 511.10±132.41 µm. Thus, it can be concluded that the Gayo mare ovary has a histological structure that is not different from the ovary of other mares. Follicular growth occurs in the medulla of the ovary, and de Graff's follicles are present in the cortex of the ovaries.

Background and Aim: Testis (T) and epididymis (E) are waste from the abattoir that is rarely used. In fact, both organs contain important chemicals needed for spermatogenesis (e.g., hormones, proteins, and other molecules). Therefore, administration of a combination of testis and epididymis (CTE) extracts may activate androgen receptors (AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) molecules that play a prominent role in spermatogenesis. We, therefore, aimed at investigating the influence of the CTE extracts on the concentration of AR and PKA in male chicken. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and five replications per group. K0 is a control group that received 1 mL normal saline, whereas K1, K2, and K3 are the test groups that received 1, 2, and 3 mL of CET extracts, respectively. Twenty male chickens (strain: broiler Mb 89), 3 weeks of age, weighing 500-700 g were used. We administered the injections in a 13-day period and on the 14th day; we collected and processed blood samples as serum to measure the AR and PKA concentrations using commercial chicken AR and PKA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. We performed analyses by analysis of variance using SPSS 20.0. Results: The AR concentrations in K1, K2, and K3 groups increased by 4.26%, 10.97%, and 28.04%, respectively, compared to the K0 (control group). However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Moreover, the PKA concentrations increased by 2.97%, 2.60%, and 4.08% in K1, K2, and K3 groups, respectively, compared to the control group. However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups as well (p>0.05). Conclusion: The CTE extracts tended to increase the AR and PKA concentrations even though it is not significant. Therefore, it needs further study when using the CTE extracts for spermatogenesis in male chicken.

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perkembangan embrio ayam secara histologi pada waktu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 7 hari inkubasi. Sampel yang digunakan adalah telur fertil yang didapat dari teaching farm Fakultas Pertanian Jurusan Peternakan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pengamatan secara makroskopis dilakukan pada setiap sampel embrio ayam, sementara pengamatan mikroskopis struktur embrio ayam dilakukan dengan pembuatan preparat histologi. Hasil penelitian ini menampilkan data perkembangan embrio ayam secara spesifik dari umur inkubasi hari ke-1 sampai hari ke-7. Secara makroskopik dan mikroskopis, gambaran umum perkembangan embrio ayam selaras dengan informasi tabel pertumbuhan embrio ayam. Secara histologis, gambaran perkembangan struktur embrio ayam baru dapat diamati dengan baik yaitu pada umur inkubasi hari ke-3 sampai hari ke-7. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara histologi perkembangan embrio ayam baru dapat diamati pada masa inkubasi hari ke-3. Penelitian ini juga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan acuan dasar untuk penelitian lanjutan terutama terhadap organogenesis pada embrio ayam. (Histological evaluation on the development of chicken embryo during the incubation periodfrom 1st to 7th days) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to find out the development of chicken embryos at day 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th of incubation by histological method. The samples used were the fertile eggs obtained from the teaching farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Syiah Kuala University. Macroscopic observations were made on each embryos sample, while microscopic observations of the embryos structure were carried out by histological preparations procedure. The results of this study presented the specific data of chicken embryos development from day 1st to day 7th of incubation. The macroscopic and microscopic data showed the general description of chicken embryos development similar to the information on the chicken embryo growth table. The microscopic results showed the structure description of the chicken embryos can be well observed at day 3rd to the day 7th of incubation. It can be seen the development of chicken embryos can be observed by histology method on day 3rd of incubation. This research can also be used as a basic reference for further research, especially on organogenesis of chicken embryos.

The aim of this research was to identify the effect of sipatah-patah (Cissus quadrangularis Salisb) leaf extract on mandible density of ovariectomized rats (Rattus norvegicus). The samples were 12 female rats which were divided into 4 treatment groups with 3 replications. K0 consisted of ovariectomized rats without Cissus quadrangularis Salisb exstract, wheares K1, K2 and K3 consisted of ovariectomized rats and were given Sipatah-patah extract with 500mg/kg body weight, 700/mg/kg body weight and 900mg/kg body weight for 30 days. On 31st day, rats were euthanized with cloroform and mandible bones were collected for histological preparation. Parameters observed were bone structures (osteosit, osteoblast, osteoclast and trabekula). The results showed that in K0 group, bone density was decreased and became thinner, osteoclast cells were found on trabekula, and low density of active and passive osteoblast were also detected. The treatment group (K1 and K2) showed an improvement stucture of trabekula,where the amount of osteoclast were lower than K0, as well as the amount of active osteoblast, although a lot of passive osteoblast were still found. The treatment group (K3) showed an improvement as the most dense trabekula structure with large amount of active osteoblast cell density without the existance of osteoclast compared to other grups. In this research, it would be concluded that the adding sipatah-patah extract with a dose of 900 mg/kb body weight showed a higher number of active osteoblasts and trabekula density compared to the control groups, K1, and K2 on ovariectomized mandible bone rats

This study aimed to determine the effect of the red watermelon extract can affect the number of leukocytes in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was designed with a completely randomized design using a unidirectional pattern 20 male mice (Mus muscullus) were divided into 4 groups. K1 negative controls were given 0.5 ml of distilled water, K2 positive control by exposure to cigarette smoke and 0.5 ml of distilled water, K3 by exposure to cigarette smoke and red watermelon extract were given a dose of 22 mg / mouse and K4 by exposure to cigarette smoke and were given extracts of red watermelon a dose of 44 mg / mouse. Exposure to cigarette smoke and red watermelon extract conducted for 30 days, making blood on day 31. Blood sampling performed at Plexus Retroorbitalis. Furthermore, counting the number of leukocytes. Data were analyzed using ANOVA completely randomized design with SPSS for Windows 16.0. The results of this study showed that the extract of watermelon for 30 days showed their real influence (P 0.05) to the number of leukocytes in mice. It is concluded that free radicals contained in cigarette can cause a leukocytosis, an inflammatory, oxidative stress and red watermelon extract can minimize cell damage.

Aim The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of Jatropha curcas latex in the cream formulation on CD68 immune expression (macrophages) during inflammatory phase wound healing process in mice skin. Materials and methods Amount of 12 two-months-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. The mice were allotted into four groups of each, entire surface of each group wound covered by base cream control, sulfadiazine 0.1% cream, J. curcas latex cream 10% and, 15%, respectively. All experiments were performed twice a day for 3 days. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological sections in immunohistochemical of the wounds. CD68 expression was investigated under a microscope. Results The results showed that the cream from the 10% and 15% latex of J. curcas revealed moderate immune reaction to CD68 on wound healing. Conclusion We concluded that the latex cream of J. curcas possesses anti-inflammatory activity in wound healing process of mice skin.

The aim of the study was to determine the histological structure of tegal duck (Anas javanicus) spleen according to ages variation. One month, 2 month and 3 months of tegal duck were used as the sample of this study. The spleen of each duck was analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) method, then observed under light microscope. The result of this study performed there were the differences of histological structure of the ducks spleen. The capsule thickness had increased along with increasing age, which was 16.0 ± 1.0 µm; 25.3 ± 2.5 µm; and 29.0 ± 1.0 µm. The boundary between the two pulp in the tegal duck 3 months old more obvious than 1 month or 2 months old. The diameter of white pulp had increased in the oldest duck. It can be concluded that the development of spleen histological structure was more perfect with the increasing age of tegal duck.

This study aimed to determine early spoilage of beef after addition of curry leaf extract. The sample used is beef Semimembranosus muscle which is divided into 42 parts each weight is 5 grams. This research used experimental method which consists of three treatments with two repetitions. P1 group is without curry leaf extract (control), group P2 with curry leaf extract 25% used and group P3 with curry leaf extract 50%. The entire sample is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ° C. For 7 days early spoilage test is conducted every day at 9am and 4pm. The result showed difference early spoilage time between each treatment. In P1 positive result of early spoilage time is on the 4th day and P2 positive result of early spoilage time is on the 5th day. While in P3 has not obtained positive result of early spoilage time at 7 days storage. Based on the results of this study we concluded that curry leaf extract can slow down the early spoilage time of beef

Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.

This study aims to determine the percentage of body weight deviation of Aceh bull using the Lambourne formula and compared to the actual weight of Aceh bull. The sample used in this study was 50 Aceh bull aged 2-2.5 years in BPTU-HPT Indrapuri Aceh. The parameters observed were Body Length (BL), Chest Circumference (CC), and Body Weight (BW). BL measurement procedure was conducted by measuring the distance between the lateral humeral tuberculum to the ischiadium tuberculum using a measuring stick. CC was measured by encircling the chest cavity which is behind the shoulder bone joint (os scapula) using measuring tape. BW measurement procedure was carried out in two ways, first with digital livestock scales and second with Lambourne formula. The percentage of body weight deviation of Aceh bull using Lambourne formula to the actual’s Aceh bull body weight was 3.41% with regression equation was Y = -350.30 + 2.27x1 + 2.06x2.

This research aimed to study the histology of the digestive system of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). The digestive system taken was the esophagus, stomach, frontal small intestine and the back of the large intestine from three watersnakes. The samples were then made into histological preparations with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and observed exploratively. The results showed that the digestive system of the watersnake was composed of layers of tissue, namely the mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and serous tunica. Mucosal mucosa consisted of the lamina epithelium, lamina propria, and mucous lamina muscularis. The submucosal tunica consisted of connective tissue with blood vessels, lymph, and nerves. The muscular tunica was composed of circular muscles and elongated muscles. The serous tunica consisted of a thin layer of connective tissue that was covered by a thin layer of the mesothelium (mesothelium). The histological structure of the snake digestive system is not much different from the reptile digestive system. However, in the small intestine of the snake, Brunner, and liberkhun glands are not found. Lamina epithelial in the small intestine of the snake is composed of the layered cylindrical epithelium.

This study aim to know the efficacy of the jatropha sap cream toward the inflammatory phase of wound healing on the skin of mice. This study used 9 male mice, with 25-40 grams weights and 2-3 months old. Male mice receiveddivided into 3 groups, and3 deuteronomy .The cut is done in the back as 2 cm long. Wound care is done twice a day at 08.00 am and at 18.00 pm for 3 days. The treatment I (PI) cuts smeared a cream base (as a negatif control); treatment II (PII) smeared 10% jatropha sap cream; and the treatment III (PIII) smeared 0.1% sulfadiazine (as a positive control). Created a skin sample preparation microtechnic stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The result on the number of infiltration of inflammatory cells and neovascular on PI; PII; and PIII were 402,00 ± 7,21 and 14,00 ± 5,57; 248,67 ± 1,53 and 34,67 ± 7,51; and 343,00 ± 8,89 and 28,00 ± 5,00 (P

Domestical catfish is grouped into omnivora, although the fish is tended into carnivora. T he aim of the present study was to investigate histology of alimentary tract of domestical catfish (Clarias batrachus). In order to determine alimentary tract of domestical catfish, oesophagus, gastric and intestines is investigated by Haematoxilin Eosin. Histology exploration was performed each layer of alimentary tract’s wall consist of lamina epit h elia, propria, and muscularis mucosa . C ollagen connective tissue was developed tunica submucosa. The muscle of tunica muscularis was performed circular and elongated . D ense connective tissue and blood vessels was located in the tunica serosa. Histology exploration revealed has stratified squamous epithelium , mucosit cells, eosinophilic club cells on the lamina epit h elia, and taste buds on the lamina propria in oesophagus . Gastric was establised simple prismatic cells, and glands of gastric on the lamina propria. Furthermore intestine was showed villi and goblet cells. There were not showed Brunner and Liberkhun gland. In conclusion, histology of alimentary tract was revealed from tunica mucosa, submucosa, and serosa.

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat gambaran histologi kelenjar mukosa tembolok ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus), bebek (Anser anser domesticus), dan merpati (Columba domesticus), masing-masing berjumlah 3 ekor. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tembolok dari ayam kampung, bebek, dan merpati. Jaringan tembolok masing-masing hewan diambil dan diproses secara mikroteknik dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan bentuk antara kelenjar mukosa tembolok ayam kampung dan bebek.Bentuk kelenjar mukosa tembolok ayam kampung bulat, sedangkan bebek lonjong.Baik ayam kampung maupun bebek kelenjar mukosa tembolok tersebar di lamina propia. Pada ayam kampung jumlah kelenjar mukosa tembolok lebih banyak dibandingkan kelenjarmukosa tembolok bebek. Pada merpati tidak dijumpai kelenjar mukosa tembolok di lamina propia.

The aims of this research was to find out the healing process of second degree burn in rats (Rattus norvegicus) using ambarella leaf (Spondias dulcis F.) and vaselin on histopathologically. The research consisted of 4 treatment groups and 3 rats each, P1(double distilled water), P2 (ambarella leaf + double distilled water), P3 (vaselin), and P4 (ambarella leaf + vaselin). Treatment was done twice a day for 21 days. The research parameters are inflammatory reactions and distribution of collagen tissue. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that on day 7, P1 and P3 many infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage and edema, on P2 and P4 here more infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage and edema. On the day 14th of many inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen tissue diffuse very thin on were described P1 and P3, and visible presence of new blood vessels was found on P4. On day 21th infiltration of inflammatory cells still present on (P1), there were a lot of new blood vessels on P2, there has been a process of epithelialization (P3), epidermis formed and collagen tissue spread very densely on P4. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that administration of ambarella leaf and vaselin can speed up the healing process of burns in rats compared with other treatments.Key words: ambarella leaf, burn, vaselin

This research aims to see the histological structure of the crop in poultry. Animals used were chicken (Gallus domesticus), duck (Anser anserdomesticus), and pigeon (Columba domesticus) each group consists of three animals. Crop tissue of each animal were taken and processed inmicrotechnic and stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin (HE), then observed with digital microscope. The results showed that there were thesimilarity of the general structures of crop from the three types of these poultry. which consists of the tunica mucosa, tuni ca submucosa, tunicamuscularis and tunica serosa. Lamina muscularis in duck is more obvious than chicken and pigeon. Mucosal gland of duck shaped oval, chickenshaped rounded, and the pigeons are not found. Tunica muscularis duck arranged longitudinally in the outside dan ci rcular in the inside. Tunicamuscularis duck arranged longitudinally in the inside, and circular in the outside, and tunica muscularis in pigeon just arranged longitudinally.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: histological, crop, poultry

This experiment was conducted to study the microscopic structure of tail bones in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomy rats. Fourteen femaleSprague Dawley rats 7 weeks old were randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats in the control group were non-ovariectimized. The rats in groupII were ovariectomized. The samples were then fed with phosphate/calcium diet with ratio of 2 to 1. The rats was sacrificed after 12 weeks. Thetail bone were collected and processed for microscopic examination with trichrome staining. The results showed that structurally theosteoporosis occurred in tail bone of group K2. Its could be concluded that estrogen deficiency condition (ovariectomy) caused osteoporosis intail bones.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: osteoporosis, ovariectomy, tail bone

This research aims to examines the influence of age on masculinization of Clarias gariepinus larvae immersed by methyl testosterone (MT) natural hormone. This research used 270 catfish larvae divided into 3 groups of age those are 5, 10, and 20 days. The research implemented complete random design (CRD). Immersion was performed using methyl testosterone hormone at the dose of 0.25 g/L for 20 hours. Observation of fish was done after 60 day-old fish. Data obtained was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance The average percentages of male-sex catfish after immersing in natural MT on group I, II, and III were 97.67, 91.07, and 86.67%, respectively. The results showed that the age of the larvae did not affect significantly (P>0.05) on the percentage of male sex of Clarias gariepinus. The average percentage of male sex in 5 days age group was higher than 10 and 20 days age group. In conclusion, the masculinization of Clarias gariepinus larva immersed by MT natural hormone is not influenced by age of fish before dipping.