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Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The November 1962 Plenary Meeting of the CPSU Central Committee drew attention in its resolution to the need for raising the scientific level of national economic planning. One serious flaw here, the Plenary Meeting pointed out, is that economic plans are not always based on careful economic calculations. An important obstacle in the achievement of the necessary soundness of economic plans is the grave defects in existing system of price formation. "An abnormal situation has arisen in setting the prices of industrial goods," Comrade N. S. Khrushchev pointed out in his report at the meeting. "Without a proper solution of the problem of price formation and the establishment of scientifically based prices, it is impossible to eliminate many serious shortcomings in the planning of production, to introduce complete cost accounting, and to provide conditions for the profitable operation of enterprises." Confusion in the price system makes it difficult to determine the economic effectiveness of production, capital investments and technical progress, and undermines implementation of the principle of material incentive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sterically demanding N,N'-bis(2,6-terphenyl)triazenide was employed to stabilize a number of low-coordinate main group metal terminal hydride complexes. These complexes display enhanced thermal stabilities relative to analogous complexes ligated by β-diketiminates, which we attribute to the steric shielding of the metal hydride moiety by the ligand. We also show this triazenide ligand can stabilize low-oxidation state Group 13 metals. DFT calculations conducted on these triazenide ligated Group 13 metal(i) complexes revealed they possess a narrower HOMO-LUMO gap relative to analogous complexes ligated by other monoanionic N,N'-ligands. In addition, several heteroleptic Group 13 metal(iii) and Group 14 metal(ii) complexes featuring this triazenide are reported.

A wide variety of 2,5-di(2-pyridyl)pyrroles (dppHs) substituted at the C3 and C4 positions of the pyrrole core were obtained by direct condensation of a 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde (2 equiv), an α-methylene ketone with at least one electron-withdrawing substituent and ammonium acetate. A novel 2,5-di(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)pyrrole was also characterised. The dppHs provide a direct, quick entry to dipyridylpyrrolato (dpp(-) )-metal complexes. The meridial tridentate dpp(-) ligand is a useful anionic analogue of the terpyridyl ligand. The first (dpp)Ru complexes are described; the 3,4-substitution of the central pyrrole significantly perturbs the potentials of the redox processes of these complexes. A [(dpp)Ru(bpy)(MeCN)](+) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) complex is an electrocatalyst for the reductive disproportionation of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and the carbonate ion., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

In 2002-2008 yrs. in the Department of Laparoscopic Surgery and Cholelithiasis in 52 patients laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) was accomplished, performed for different diseases of suprarenal glands. Incidentaloma was diagnosed in 8, fibroma--in 4, pheokhromocytoma--in 10, aldosteroma--in 11, adrenocortical cancer--in 3, corticosteroma--in 13, suprarenal gland cyst--in 3 patients. The operation time in right-sided and left-sided LA had constituted accordingly 85 and 118 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss had constituted 60 ml at average. Hemotransfusion was not done. In 1 (2.4%) observation hemoperitoneum had occurred as a result of traumatic damage of spleen during performance of left-sided LA. Intraoperative complications were absent. The stationary treatment duration was 2.6 days at average.

Clinical course, hormonal characteristics and efficacy of rehabilitation were studied by the authors in 12 patients with suprarenal gland tumor, operated, using minimally invasive endoscopic intervention--laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA). Efficacy, indications, contraindications, role of LA in the treatment of surgical adrenal diseases were analyzed. LA is characterized by invasiveness and traumaticity, adequate radicalism, quick rehabilitation, and good remote results. LA is indicated for the treatment of majority of hyperplastic and tumoral diseases of suprarenal glands: it is possible to operate 60% of patients with surgical diseases of suprarenal glands using endoscopic technology.

The were analyzed the results of treatment of patients with the obstructive jaundice (OJ) due to obstruction of the biliary ducts distal part using surgical and endobiliary decompression using the variation statistics methods (distribution of patients on groups depending on the values of the investigated parameters, calculation of the mean values, evaluation of the authenticity of the indexes distinction), the multifactoral correlative-regressive analysis, the complex evaluation of indexes and probit-analysis. The dependence of results of treatment from value of clinical parameters was established, their prognostic significance was determined. The content of the bilirubin more than 300 mmol/l in distal level of affection of biliferous ducts cause high probability of the postoperative complications occurrence (coefficient of determination 34.8%), determining necessity of performance of draining endobiliary intervention on the first stage of surgical treatment. The dependence of lethality from age of patients and duration of the OJ was noted.

In 298 patients with obstructive jaundice, including 271 (90.9%) with tumoral genesis, endobiliary interventions were performed: transcutaneous transhepatic cholecystectomy--in 76, external cholangiostomy--in 155, external-internal cholangiostomy--in 97, endoprosthesis of biliary ducts (BD)--in 23. Of 155 patients, to whom external drainage of BD was done, recanalization of obstructed portion was performed in 53. Of 102 patients, to whom external drain was adjusted, in 23.1% the complications occurred. Hospital mortality had constituted 22%. The BD perforation was noted in 8 observations. The patients life span, in whom the external-internal BD drainage was done, was 7.8 months, an efficacy of endoprosthesis had constituted 97.3%. The life span of such patients was (9.2 +/- 2.4) months at average.

The experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy conduction in 6524 patients with nontumoral diseases of gallbladder (chronic calculous cholecystitis, an acute calculous cholecystitis, chronic noncalculous cholecystitis, the gallbladder polyposis) was summarized. While comparing the initial seizing experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the clinic the tendency was noted, trusting the skills improvement in management of laparoscopic technique, permitting to reduce the contraindications quantity for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several principles were elaborated, which is necessary to follow doing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for improvement of results of treatment in patients and for complications reduction.

The method of extracorporal shockwave biliary lithotripsy was introduced in the clinic since 1993 yr in patients with residual choledocholithiasis. The method was applied in 25 patients. Cholecystectomy with external drainage of common biliary duct was performed in all patients beforehand. Positive result was noted in 16 observations. All patients are alive.

Experience of surgical treatment of 271 patients the extrahepatic biliary ducts tumor for the 1992-1999 yrs period is presented. Indirect signs of extrahepatic biliary ducts tumor were revealed in 84% of observations. Depending on the tumor localization the trustworthiness of the endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography method had constituted from 79.8 to 96.4%. Correct diagnosis was established before the operation in 94.3% of patients. Radical operation was done in 93 (34.3%) of patients, including 22 with proximal localization of tumor, 13--with central one, 10--distal, 48--terminal. Palliative operation was performed in 178 patients, in 76 of them biliodigestive anastomosis was done. Total postoperative mortality was 14.8%.

Complex examination of 69 patients with complicated cholelithic disease was performed. The elaborated in the clinic algorithm for preoperative examination of the patients was applied to reveal the main bile ducts pathology. Indications for the laparoscopic interventions on choledochus performance were substantiated.

Endobiliary interventions--external cholangiostomy, external-internal drainage, the biliary ducts endoprosthesis--were done in 156 patients with obturational jaundice of various genesis, complicated by purulent cholangitis. The method of the dosed decompression after transcutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy, which was performed one day before, being applied in 37 patients, was proposed. Application of the method in complex with antibacterial therapy and the extracorporeal detoxication methods had permitted to lower the mortality down to 12.6%, in patients with the abscesses formation cholangitis--to 28.5%. After the stabilization of general status occur 72 patients were operated on.

Complex of rational investigation and treatment of the patients with hepatic portal tumor, including transcutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, was proposed. In 285 patients with obstructive jaundice various endobiliary interventions were performed. External cholangiostomy was done to 98 patients, external-internal drainage--in 92, endostenting--in 18, cholecystostomy--in 76. Endobiliary intervention was applied solely in 31.5% of patients, and in the rest--as the preparation to laparotomy.

Transcutaneous transhepatic lymphography was conducted in 116 patients with hepatic cirrhosis 127 times in total to study up the type of plasma flow. An inguinal nodulolymphography was performed additionally in several patients. Peripheral type of the plasma flow with the lymphatic vessels net arrangement on periphery of hepar was revealed in 46 patients, the lymphatic ducts blockade on the level of lig. gastroduodenalis, LI-LII vertebral bodies, forming the cisterns--in 24 and without them--in 7 thoracic duct blockade close to its outfall--in 48, and in 11 of them--extended type of the duct outfall. The choice of operative procedure--hepatic extraperitonealization, intraperitoneal and peripheral lymphovenous anastomosis conduction--was accomplished according to the type of the plasma flow present.

The authors treated 18 patients with multiple cholangiogenic hepatic abscesses, which developed after creation of the biliodigestive anastomoses due to digestive-biliary reflux with prolonged retention of food masses in the bile ducts, duodenostasis and stenosing of the anastomosis. Puncture of the abscesses under guidance of sonography in combination with complex antibacterial therapy, timely correction of digestive-biliary reflux contributed to achieving the satisfactory result of treatment.

The results obtained concern the dependence of acute brain blood circulation pathology (ABBCP) frequency on several meteorological factors: wind speed, barometrical pressure, interdaily barometrical pressure changes, relative air humidity, air temperature, interdaily air temperature changes, oxygen content in air and interdaily oxygen content variability in the air. The mean daily number of patients was taken into account. 4023 ABBCP observations were analyzed. Wind, relative air humidity and interdaily changes of oxygen content in air were determined to influence greatly the ABBCP frequency under conditions of Middle Russia Hills region. Meteorological factors enumerated are supposed to be used in further multifactorial statistical analyses for comprehensive estimation of weather elements as well as for scientifically based prognoses of the ABBCP number and carrying out the preventive measures.

An analysis of 4023 cases of acute cerebral circulatory impairments (ACCI) recorded in the cities of the Central Russia plateau (Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Zheleznogorsk) has shown that there is an increase in the incidence of ACCI both upon the onset and the cessation of magnetic storms. An elevated rate of ACCI was observed both at high and low levels of the regional magnetic field tension. Therefore, the authors suggest that while making a regression-correlation analysis by the gradient of the Earth's magnetic field--differential regional K-index, the sign of tension alterations should be left out of account. This makes it possible to elucidate the linear dependence between the ACCI incidence and the differential K-index. Results of analysis are proposed to be used in multivariate statistical investigations with the purpose of medical weather forecasting and the prevention of cardiovascular disease complications.

On the basis of the results of examination of 275 patients with high obstruction of the bile ducts of different genesis, it is shown, that ultrasound diagnosis permits correct establishment of the nature of jaundice in 96%, level of obstruction in 75.8% of cases. In use of combination of the direct methods of ante- and retrograde cholangiography and sonography, the precise diagnosis permits to determine the possible volume of operative intervention.