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2023 NOV 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Pregnancy Complications - Gestational Diabetes have been published. [...]

2023 JUL 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained the following [...]

2023 JUN 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on Pregnancy Complications - Gestational Diabetes. According to news reporting [...]

2022 DEC 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases and Conditions - Gestational Diabetes. [...]

2022 DEC 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases and Conditions - Gestational Diabetes. [...]

2022 JUN 23 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Gynov has spent the last several years conducting exhaustive research on women's health. Much [...]

2021 OCT 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained the following [...]

OBJECTIVE--The objectives of the study were to determine whether the cell cycle transcription factor, FoxM1, is required for glucose homeostasis and p-cell mass expansion in maternal islets during pregnancy and whether FoxM1 is essential for placental lactogen (PL)-induced β-cell proliferation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--β-Cell mass, β-cell proliferation, and glucose homeostasis were assessed in virgin, pregnant, and postpartum mice with a pancreas-wide Foxml deletion ([FoxM1.sup.δpanc]). Wild-type islets were cultured with or without PL and examined for Foxm1 induction. Transgenic mice overexpressing PL in β-cells were bred with [FoxM1.sup.δpanc] mice, and β-cell proliferation was examined. RESULTS--Foxm1 was upregulated in maternal islets during pregnancy. In contrast to controls, β-cell proliferation did not increase in pregnant [FoxM1.sup.δpanc] females. Mutant islets showed increased Menin and nuclear p27. [FoxM1.sup.δpanc] females developed gestational diabetes mellitus as pregnancy progressed. After parturition, euglyceinia was restored in [FoxM1.sup.δpanc] females, but islet size was significantly reduced. Strikingly, β-cell mass was normal in postpartum [FoxM1.sup.δpanc] pancreata due to a combination of increased β-cell size and islet neogenesis. Evidence for neogenesis included increased number of endocrine clusters, increased proportion of smaller islets, and increased neurogenin 3 or insulin expression in cells adjacent to ducts. PL induced Foxm1 expression in cultured islets, and FoxM1 was essential for PL-mediated increases in β-cell proliferation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS--FoxM1 is essential for β-cell compensation during pregnancy. In the absence of increased β-cell proliferation, neogenesis is induced in postpartum [FoxM1.sup.δpanc] pancreata. Our results suggest that FoxM1 functions downstream of PL to mediate its effects on β-cell proliferation., Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in 3-7% of pregnancies (1,2). GDM onset typically occurs in the second trimester due to increased insulin resistance and inadequate β-cell compensation, similar to type [...]

A mother's body undergoes many changes throughout the course of a pregnancy. Every major organ system is affected--including the eyes. The most common ocular changes involve intraocular pressure, the cornea [...]

Gene expression profiles in the yolk sac tissues of rat embryos are characterized using DNA microarray analysis to determine the developmental genes and molecular pathways that are involved in diabetic embyropathy. Observations show significant alterations in expression of developmental and stress response genes in diabetic embryopathy, and demonstrate that the yolk sac cells express insulin during early development, and that hyperglycemia induces altered gene expression.

A study to investigate pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetics mellitus following bariatric surgery was conducted. The results revealed no association between the previous bariatric surgeries in patients with gestational diabetics mellitus with adverse perinatal outcome.

A study of adipose tissue from pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus is presented. There is no significant difference in insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue from pregnant or non pregnant women and hyperosomolarity stimulates glucose uptake in subcutaneous adipose tissue from nonpregnant women and adipose tissue from pregnant women is sorbitol resistant.

Supplementation with iron is generally recommended during pregnancy to meet the iron needs of both mother and fetus. When detected early in pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with a > 2-fold increase in the risk of preterm delivery. Maternal anemia when diagnosed before midpregnancy is also associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Results of recent randomized clinical trials in the United States and in Nepal that involved early supplementation with iron showed some reduction in risk of low birth weight or preterm low birth weight, but not preterm delivery. During the 3rd trimester, maternal anemia usually is not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and may be an indicator of an expanded maternal plasma volume. High levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin are associated with an increased risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia. While iron supplementation increases maternal iron status and stores, factors that underlie adverse pregnancy outcome are considered to result in this association, not iron supplements. On the other hand, iron supplements and increased iron stores have recently been linked to maternal complications (eg, gestational diabetes) and increased oxidative stress during pregnancy. Consequently, while iron supplementation may improve pregnancy outcome when the mother is iron deficient it is also possible that prophylactic supplementation may increase risk when the mother does not have iron deficiency or IDA. Anemia and IDA are not synonymous, even among low-income minority women in their reproductive years. KEY WORDS Anemia. iron deficiency, ferritin, oxidative stress, preterm delivery, low birth weight, gestational diabetes, iron, supplementation, pregnancy

Diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal death at all birth weights over three pounds, according to a study of 10,733,983 births. However, birth weights over nine pounds are a risk factor for fetal death in both diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women. This shows that high birth weights are a risk factor for fetal death independently of gestational diabetes.

Pregnant women with mild glucose intolerance still have a higher risk of pregnancy complications compared to women without glucose intolerance. Glucose intolerance is a risk factor for diabetes.

Women who have a history of gestational diabetes and a cesarean delivery may not be able to have a vaginal birth during a subsequent pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that only occurs during pregnancy.

Women with diabetes during pregnancy and pregnant women with hypertension have a greater risk of premature birth, according to a study of 3,960 pregnant women. The increased rate of premature birth in women with pregnancy-related diabetes is mostly a result of induced labor for health reasons.

Newborn babies who weigh more than normal do not have an increased risk of death unless the increased weight is a result of maternal diabetes. This was the conclusion of a study of 278,415 live births and 764 stillbirths at one hospital over a three-year period.

Pregnant women who develop diabetes early in their pregnancy have a higher risk of pregnancy complications than those who develop it later. In a study of 235 pregnant women, all infant deaths and infants born with low blood sugar occurred in the 65 women who developed diabetes early in the pregnancy.

Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy may feel comfortable with having amniocentesis for insulin testing in the third trimester. Researchers compared the effects of amniocentesis and its acceptance by 194 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 268 controls. Patient acceptance was generally high and side effects were rare. Nine women prematurely ruptured their membranes after amniocentesis.

Pregnancy is the definition of change. For 40 weeks, your body supports and nurtures your growing baby as changes occur. These changes will affect your diabetes control and, sometimes, how [...]

Byline: Orion A. Rust (a), James A. Bofill (a), Michael E. Andrew (b), Tessa A. Kincaid (a), Thomas M. Stubbs (c), Edith H. Miller (c), John C. Morrison (a) Abstract: Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether lowering the diagnostic threshold for gestational diabetes mellitus on 3-hour 100 gm oral glucose tolerance testing will select a population at risk for adverse perinatal outcome. Study Design: In this retrospective study 434 patients with an abnormal 50 gm glucose screen result ([greater than or equal to]140 mg/dl) underwent a standardized 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. The results were stratified according to maternal weight and the criteria recommended by Sacks or Carpenter. Birth weight and rate of macrosomia were the primary perinatal outcome variables analyzed. Results: Analysis of the data set stratified according to the Sacks criteria revealed results very similar to the Carpenter criteria data set. Patients who would have been newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus only if the lowered criteria were used (group 2) were older and heavier. No other variable comparisons achieved statistical significance. When the same patients were stratified according to prepregnancy weight, overweight patients were older, gained less weight during the third trimester, underwent cesarean section more often, and had higher cumulative maternal morbidity. Regression analysis showed that the degree of hyperglycemia did not predict macrosomia or influence birth weight, but prepregnant maternal body mass index was associated with macrosomia. Conclusions: Fetal macrosomia is influenced by maternal prepregnant body mass index. Lowering the glucose tolerance test threshold would result in overdiagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus without improving perinatal outcome. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA (b) Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA (c) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina USA Article Note: (footnote) * Supported in part by the Vicksburg Hospital Medical Foundation., ** Presented at the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, Kamuela, Hawaii, February 4-10, 1996.

Pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes who undergo intensive therapy to control their blood sugar levels may experience rates of miscarriage and birth defects similar to those in the general population. Women in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial were assigned to either conventional or intensive therapy to bring blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible. Women in the conventional therapy group who became pregnant were switched to intensive therapy. Between 1983 and 1993, 180 women completed 270 pregnancies, resulting in 191 live births. Eight of nine birth defects occurred in infants born to women originally receiving conventional therapy. Intensive therapy may be recommended for all women with insulin-dependent diabetes to improve the outcomes of any future pregnancies.

Fetuses of diabetic pregnant women may develop heart abnormalities as early as 12 weeks. Researchers used vaginal and abdominal ultrasound to detect fetal heart abnormalities on 27 diabetic women at 12, 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. The women were divided into two groups according to how well they controlled their blood sugar. Data were compared to 11 non-diabetic pregnant women. Ultrasound revealed that the fetuses of the diabetic women exhibited abnormalities in blood flow as early as 12 weeks. Heart abnormalities were even more evident in those women who had poor blood sugar control. The most likely explanation for these observations is that the fetal heart is not compliant enough to pump blood normally, possibly because the heart tissue is affected by metabolic abnormalities in the mother.

Ketoacidosis in pregnancy could increase the risk of developmental abnormalities in the children of diabetic women. Researchers followed 196 diabetic pregnant women and their children before and after birth. Ninety-five women had diabetes prior to their pregnancy and 101 had gestational diabetes. All of the children received either a test of infant development at the age of two or tests of motor skills at 6, 8 or 9 years. Poor psychomotor development in the child was associated with elevated blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate during the mother's pregnancy. This chemical is a ketone, and indicates that the mother was not in good metabolic control. Poor psychomotor development was not associated with several complications of diabetic pregnancy including macrosomia, hypoglycemia or prematurity, nor was it associated with obesity in the child.

Maternal diabetes may not adversely affect the cognitive development of children. The children of 223 women were given I.Q. tests at age three to five years. Among the mothers, pregnancies occurred between 1977 and 1983. Eighty-nine were known diabetics before the pregnancy, 99 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, and 35 had normal glucose metabolism. After taking into consideration socioeconomic status, race or ethnic origin, diabetes classification, and maternal blood ketone levels (ketones are known to harm the developing fetus and can be a problem among diabetics), no correlation was found between maternal diabetes and I.Q. in children. Similarly, no correlation was found between I.Q. and perinatal complications such as prematurity, overly big baby (macrosomia), or respiratory distress syndrome. This suggests that contemporary care of diabetic mothers effectively prevents serious harm to fetal neurological development.

Biophysical values of third-trimester fetuses appear to differ between well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetic mothers and normal mothers (the control group). The differences seem to have no implications for the well-being of the newborn. Eighteen well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetic women were matched to normal women for similar maternal age, weight, and number of children. All women underwent fetal biophysical testing twice monthly from 30 to 38 weeks gestation. Fetuses of diabetic mothers had higher average breathing movements and faster heart rates but fewer body movements and episodes of heart rate acceleration. All babies were healthy at birth. Results suggest that frequent biophysical testing in well-controlled diabetics may not be necessary and that variations in test results in such a population may have no clinical significance.

Few treated chronic conditions preclude the ability of mother to conceive. However, consequences of the condition may undermine the pregnancy or aggravate maternal disease. Most chronic conditions require nutritional intervention beyond the normal needs of pregnancy. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are two common autoimmune disorders that affect women of childbearing age. Little has been published about the long-term consequences of current medication regimens for SLE and their interactions with either nutrient metabolism or requirements. More information is available on macronutrient dietary needs and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation in women with IDDM, but little is published about the metabolism of other nutrients in this condition. Thus, the nutritional consequences of treating these diseases during pregnancy and lactation must be evaluated continually. 73S.

Poor control of blood sugar among pregnant women with diabetes appears to slow development of fetal lungs. Of 829 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis, 289 had diabetes and the 540 who did not have diabetes served as controls. Of the women with diabetes, 140 had good glucose control and 149 had poor glucose control. There were no significant differences in immaturity of fetal lungs between pregnant women with well-controlled diabetes and the controls. However, fetal lung immaturity occurred at a significantly higher rate among pregnant women with poor blood sugar control than among the controls. These findings suggest that not only is blood sugar control associated with fetal lung maturity but also that diabetic women with good blood sugar control need not have amniocentesis any more frequently than pregnant women without diabetes.

If you are pregnant, don't sit on your nest for the next few months like a mother-to-be hen. Exercise is as important during pregnancy as it was before you conceived. [...]

Questions and answers about gestational diabetes are presented. Topics include physiological aspects, how the fetus becomes very large in affected mothers, diagnosis and testing through glucose blood tests, treatment through diet and exercise, and how most diabetes disappears after delivery.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.031 Byline: Lucinda J. England (a), Patricia M. Dietz (a), Terry Njoroge (a), William M. Callaghan (a), Carol Bruce (a), Rebecca M. Buus (a), David F. Williamson (b) Keywords: diabetes gestational diabetes; prevention; postpartum screening Abstract: There is now strong evidence that lifestyle modification can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk individuals. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and so are candidates for prevention programs. We review literature on type 2 diabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes, examine current recommendations for postpartum and long-term follow-up, and summarize findings from a 2007 expert-panel meeting. We found data to support that women with gestational diabetes have an increase in risk of type 2 diabetes comparable in magnitude with that of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose and that prevention interventions likely are effective in this population. Current recommendations from leading organizations on follow-up of women after delivery are conflicting and compliance is poor. Clinicians and public health workers face numerous challenges in developing intervention strategies for this population. Translation research will be critical in addressing this important public health issue. Author Affiliation: (a) Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA (b) Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA Article History: Received 25 January 2008; Revised 8 April 2008; Accepted 11 June 2008 Article Note: (footnote) Cite this article as: England LJ, Dietz PM, Njoroge T, et al. Preventing type 2 diabetes: public health implications for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:365.e1-365.e8. , Reprints not available from the authors., This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA., The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

I once read the chronicle of a woman nine months pregnant who ran in an ultra-marathon and then delivered a healthy baby boy the following day. My wife is much [...]

Objective: To identify factors associated with the development of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus(DM) in Caucasian women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), in a community based office practice. Methods: A retrospective chart [...]

Analysis of 109 consecutive pregnancies in type 1 diabetic women cared for in a single center over a 5 year period allowed identification of predictors of macrosomia and of neonatal [...]