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INTRODUCTION The high rates of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases represent one of the greatest social and health care problems in developed countries, as well as in many [...], BACKGROUND: Despite the marked increase in cardiovascular risk factors in Spain in recent years, the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases have not risen as expected. Our objective is to examine the association between consumption of olive oil and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of a large study representative of the Spanish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional, cluster sampling study was conducted. The target population was the whole Spanish population. A total of 4572 individuals aged ≥ 18 years in 100 clusters (health centers) were randomly selected with a probability proportional to population size. The main outcome measures were clinical and demographic structured survey, lifestyle survey, physical examination (weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip and blood pressure) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g). RESULTS: Around 90% of the Spanish population use olive oil, at least for dressing, and slightly fewer for cooking or frying. The preference for olive oil is related to age, educational level, alcohol intake, body mass index and serum glucose, insulin and lipids. People who consume olive oil (vs sunflower oil) had a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 0.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-0.93, P = 0.02)), impaired glucose regulation (OR = 0.49 (95% CI = 0.28-0.86, P = 0.04)), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.53 (95% CI = 0.33-0.84, P = 0.03)) and low HDL cholesterol levels (OR = 0.40 (95% CI = 0.26-0.59, P = 0.0001)). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that consumption of olive oil has a beneficial effect on different cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in the presence of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance or a sedentary lifestyle. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 911-916; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.130; published online 17 July 2013 Keywords: olive oil; diabetes; impaired glucose regulation; obesity; population-based study; cardiovascular risk

Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically worldwide [1] with the greatest rise in incidence occurring in adults under the age of 50, including young women [2]. [...], Background: Women with preeclampsia (PEC) and gestational hypertension (GH) exhibit insulin resistance during pregnancy, independent of obesity and glucose intolerance. Our aim was to determine whether women with PEC or GH during pregnancy have an increased risk of developing diabetes after pregnancy, and whether the presence of PEC/GH in addition to gestational diabetes (GDM) increases the risk of future (postpartum) diabetes. Methods and Findings: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study for 1,010,068 pregnant women who delivered in Ontario, Canada between April 1994 and March 2008. Women were categorized as having PEC alone (n = 22,933), GH alone (n = 27,605), GDM alone (n = 30,852), GDM+PEC (n = 1,476), GDM+GH (n = 2,100), or none of these conditions (n = 925,102). Our main outcome was a new diagnosis of diabetes postpartum in the following years, up until March 2011, based on new records in the Ontario Diabetes Database. The incidence rate of diabetes per 1,000 person- years was 6.47 for women with PEC and 5.26 for GH compared with 2.81 in women with neither of these conditions. In the multivariable analysis, both PEC alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.08;95% CI 1.97-2.19) and GH alone (HR = 1.95;95% CI 1.83- 2.07) were risk factors for subsequent diabetes. Women with GDM alone were at elevated risk of developing diabetes postpartum (HR=12.77;95% CI 12.44-13.10);however, the co-presence of PEC or GH in addition to GDM further elevated this risk (HR=15.75;95% CI 14.52-17.07, and HR = 18.49;95% CI 17.12-19.96, respectively). Data on obesity were not available. Conclusions: Women with PEC/GH have a 2-fold increased risk of developing diabetes when followed up to 16.5 years after pregnancy, even in the absence of GDM. The presence of PEC/GH in the setting of GDM also raised the risk of diabetes significantly beyond that seen with GDM alone. A history of PEC/GH during pregnancy should alert clinicians to the need for preventative counseling and more vigilant screening for diabetes.

An ideal treatment for type 2 diabetes would lower blood glucose concentrations acutely, improve long-term glycemic control, and enhance insulin sensitivity. It would improve mild to moderate hypertension, reduce low-density [...]