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1. Psammaplysins: Insights from Natural Sources, Structural Variations, and Pharmacological Properties

Author

Prof. Lamiaa Shaala and Prof. Diaa Youssef

Subjects
Biological Products, Antimalarials, Drug Discovery, Alkanes, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Marine natural products (MNPs) continue to be in the spotlight in the global drug discovery endeavor. Currently, more than 32,000 structurally diverse secondary metabolites from marine sources have been isolated, making MNPs a vital source for researchers to look for novel drug candidates. The marine-derived psammaplysins possess the rare and unique 1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro [4.6] undecane backbone and are represented by 44 compounds in the literature, mostly from sponges of the order Verongiida. Compounds with 1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro [4.6] undecane moiety exist in the literature under five names, including psammaplysins, ceratinamides, frondoplysins, ceratinadins, and psammaceratins. These compounds displayed significant biological properties including growth inhibitory, antimalarial, antifouling, protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antioxidant effects. In this review, a comprehensive literature survey covering natural occurrence of the psammaplysins and related compounds, methods of isolation, structural differences, the biogenesis, and biological/pharmacological properties, will be presented.

Published
2022

2. Asperopiperazines A and B: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Dipeptides from a Tunicate-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. DY001

Author

Prof. Lamiaa Shaala, Prof. Diaa Youssef, and Grégory Genta-Jouve

Subjects
Aspergillus sp, red sea tunicate, antimicrobial activity, Didemnum sp, asperopiperazines A and B, cell lines' growth inhibition, Drug Discovery, DY001, marine dipeptides, associated fungi, Aspergillus sp. DY001, cell lines’ growth inhibition, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Investigation of the cytotoxic fractions of the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of the tunicate-derived Aspergillus sp. DY001 afforded two new dipeptides, asperopiperazines A and B (1 and 2), along with the previously reported compounds (+)-citreoisocoumarin (3) and (−)-6,8-di-O-methylcitreoisocoumarin (4). Analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data of the compounds supported their structural assignments. Asperopiperazine A (1) is a cyclic dipeptide of leucine and phenylalanine moieties, which are substituted with an N-methyl and an N-acetyl group, respectively. On the other hand, asperopiperazine B (2) is a cyclic dipeptide of proline and phenylalanine moieties with a hydroxyl group at C-2 of the proline part. The absolute configuration of the amino acid moieties in 1 and 2 were determined by Marfey’s analyses and DFT NMR chemical shift calculations, leading to their assignment as cyclo(l-NMe-Leu-l-NAc-Phe) and cyclo(d-6-OH-Pro-l-Phe), respectively. Asperopiperazines A and B displayed higher antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than Candida albicans. Furthermore, compounds 1–4 displayed variable growth inhibitory effects towards HCT 116 and MDA-MB-231 cells, with asperopiperazine A as the most active one towards HCT 116.

Published
2022
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3. Callyptide A, a new cytotoxic peptide from the Red Sea marine spongeCallyspongiaspecies

Author

Professor Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim, Prof. Lamiaa Shaala, Gamal Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, and Prof. Diaa Youssef

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Stereochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Peptide, Plant Science, Marine invertebrates, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Amino acid, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Sponge, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Callyspongia, Botany, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, Dichloromethane
Abstract

In the course of our continuing efforts to allocate bioactive secondary metabolites from Red Sea marine invertebrates, we have investigated the sponge Callyspongia species. The cytotoxic dichloromethane fraction of the methanolic extract of the sponge afforded a new cytotoxic peptide named callyptide A (1). Its structure was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) studies and high-resolution mass spectral determination. The configuration of the amino acids was determined by Marfey's analysis. Callyptide A was found to exhibit growth inhibitory activity when tested against different cancer cell lines.

Published
2016
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4. Non-Alkaloidal Compounds from the Bulbs of the Egyptian Plant Pancratium maritimum

Author

Professor Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim, Prof. Lamiaa Shaala, Gamal Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, and Prof. Diaa Youssef

Subjects
Biological Products, Wound Healing, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, biology, Chemistry, Pancratium maritimum, Analytical chemistry, Amaryllidaceae, Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment, biology.organism_classification, Plant Roots, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Melting point apparatus, Cell Line, Tumor, Botany, Liliaceae, Melting point, Mass spectrum, Humans, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of the cytotoxic fractions of fresh bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. led to the isolation and structure identification of two new compounds, pancricin (1) and pancrichromone (4), together with four known compounds, including 2,4-dihydroxy-6- methoxy-3-methyl acetophenone (2), 5-formylfurfuryl acetate (3), 7-β-D-glucosyloxy-5-hydroxy-2- methylchromone (5), and ethyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (6). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), as well as HR mass spectral analyses. The compounds were evaluated for their antimigratory and antiproliferative activities against the highly metastatic human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3M). Compound 5 was the most active compound displaying good activity in the proliferation assay comparable to that of the positive control 4-hydroxyphenylmethylene hydantoin, while it displayed only weak antimigratory activity compared to the positive control 4-ethylmercaptophenylmethylene hydantoin.

Published
2014
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5. 3D-QSAR Studies of Latrunculin-Based Actin Polymerization Inhibitors Using CoMFA and CoMSIA Approaches

Author

Khalid El Sayed, Prof. Diaa Youssef, Monther A. Khanfar, and Mohammad Khanfar

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Quantitative structure–activity relationship, Molecular model, Stereochemistry, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Antineoplastic Agents, macromolecular substances, Article, Protein structure, Adenosine Triphosphate, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Discovery, Humans, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Pharmacology, Binding Sites, biology, Negombata magnifica, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Active site, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Actins, Polymerization, Docking (molecular), biology.protein, Latrunculin, Thiazolidines, Protein Multimerization
Abstract

The marine-derived macrolide latrunculins A and B, from the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, are known to reversibly bind actin monomers, forming 1:1 complex with G-actin, disrupting its polymerization. Latrunculins have remarkable physiological properties and widely used as biochemical markers. Nevertheless, no QSAR studies have been developed for any kind of actin disruptors. In the present study, Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) implemented in the SYBYL software packages were used to develop predictive 3D-QSAR models. Two alignment strategies were used to fit analyzed molecules to a suitable conformational template. By means of the SYBYL multifit alignment function, the best CoMFA and CoMSIA results presented cross-validated correlation coefficient values (q(2)) of 0.621 and 0.659, and non-cross-validated values (r(2)) of 0.938 and 0.965, respectively. Comparable to multifit-derived models, CoMFA and CoMSIA 3D-QSAR models were also derived using a molecular alignment obtained by docking latrunculin derivatives into the ATP active site of actin. In addition to q(2), the predictive ability was validated using external test set of five compounds. The results of this study suggest that the established model has a strong predictive ability and can be prospectively used in the molecular design and action mechanism analysis of this kind of cytotoxic compounds.

Published
2010

6. Semisynthetic latrunculin derivatives as inhibitors of metastatic breast cancer: biological evaluations, preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular modeling studies

Author

Khalid El Sayed, Prof. Diaa Youssef, Monther A. Khanfar, and Mohammad Khanfar

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, macromolecular substances, Microfilament, Crystallography, X-Ray, Biochemistry, Article, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Computer Simulation, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Neoplasm Metastasis, Cytoskeleton, Actin, Pharmacology, Binding Sites, biology, Chemistry, Negombata magnifica, Organic Chemistry, Cell migration, Hydrogen Bonding, biology.organism_classification, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Actins, Models, Chemical, Cancer cell, Molecular Medicine, Latrunculin, Thiazolidines, Female, Cytokinesis
Abstract

The microfilament cytoskeleton protein actin plays an important role in cell biology and affects cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and cell migration. These functions usually fail and become abnormal in cancer cells. The marine-derived macrolides latrunculins A and B, from the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, are known to reversibly bind actin monomers, forming 1:1 stoichiometric complexes with G-actin, disrupting its polymerization. To identify novel therapeutic agents for effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer, several semisynthetic derivatives of latrunculin A with diverse steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond donor and acceptor properties were rationally prepared. Analogues were designed to modulate the binding affinity toward G-actin. Examples of these reactions are esterification, acetylation, and N-alkylation. Semisynthetic latrunculins were then tested for their ability to inhibit pyrene-conjugated actin polymerization, and subsequently assayed for their antiproliferative and anti-invasive properties against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells using MTT and invasion assays, respectively.

Published
2010

7. Q

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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8. Z

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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9. T

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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10. Y

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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11. W

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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12. X

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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13. S

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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14. U

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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15. R

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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16. V

Author

Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Uwe Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, Wolfgang Barthel, Andrea Bauer, Kurt Bauer, Jürgen Beckmann, Winfried Beil, Jürgen Beitz, Petra Berscht, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Franz von Bruchhausen, Kay Brune, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Siegfried Ebel, Kurt Eger, Peter Emig, Thomas Erker, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Klaus-Jürgen Freundt, Detlef Geffken, Ulrich Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Jochen Gödicke, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Wilhelm Gössling, Annette Graul, Sibylle Greiner, Adolf Grisk, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Axel Haberkorn, Eberhard Hackenthal, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Andreas Hensel, Sibylle Hoedt-Schmidt, Hermann Hoffmann, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Martin Hug, Wolfgang Ibrom, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Nasser Khudeir, Werner Kiefer, Doris Kleinsorge, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, H.-P. Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, Gottfried Kreutz, Reinhard Kroker, Dorothea Landsiedel-Maier, Jochen Lehmann, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Stefan Leiner, Hans Löwe, Johannes Mann, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Hans-Jürgen Mest, Frank Peter Meyer, J. Mollière, Rudolf Morgenstern, Wolfgang Morick, Joachim Mössner, Christa Müller, Daniel Müller, Klaus Müller, Walter Müller, Alexander Mülsch, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Ulf Niemeyer, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Klaus Pietrzik, Detlef Preiss, Helmut Priewer, Olaf Queckenberg, Eberhard Reimann, Jörg Remien, Rainer Rettig, Andreas Reymann, Joachim Richter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gerhard Rücker, Klaus Schaefer, Helmut Schlager, Werner Schleicher, Hildegard Schleinitz, Wolfgang Schlichter, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Helmut Schwilden, Monika Serke, Gisela Skopp, Marcus Spohn, Ralf Stahlmann, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Christian Steffen, Jürgen Steinmeyer, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Istvan Szelenyi, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Franz-Josef Volk, Heinz Walther, Horst Weber, Judith Wede, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Hilke Winterhoff, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Diaa Youssef, and A. Ziegler

Published
1994
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17. On the perspectives of capillary electrophoresis modes for the determination of morphine in human plasma without sample pretreatment (Presented at the 18th International Congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, 20–25 October 2002.)

Author

Samy Emara, Ibrahim Darwish, Diaa Youssef, and Tsutomu Masujima

Subjects
DRUGS of abuse, CAPILLARY electrophoresis, ZONE electrophoresis, MORPHINE, CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
Abstract

Screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in body fluids are important for the medicinal treatment and form the legal basis of court judgments. A fast and precise identification of toxic substances is necessary. Morphine was determined in human plasma by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) using sample stacking mode. The electrophoretic separation was performed in an uncoated fused-silica capillary, 70 cm long to the detector, with an additional 10 cm to the cathode (75 µm i.d. and 360 µm o.d.). The UV absorbance detection was set at 190 nm. The electrophoretic buffers were prepared from 60 to 300 mm disodium tetraborate decahydrate, pH 10.5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was added to the final solution in a concentration of 60 mm for MECC. All electrophoretic separations were carried out at 10 kV and the capillary temperature was ambient (25°C). A linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range studied (50–5000 ng/mL). Several samples of drug-free plasma were checked for potential endogenous interference and the results showed no interference from the endogenous components, which co-migrated with morphine. As little as 50 ng/mL of morphine could be successfully analyzed by MECC in the concentration mode with acceptable precision. It is possible to determine morphine directly in plasma at therapeutic concentrations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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